diff options
author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-06-12 03:50:42 +0000 |
---|---|---|
committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-06-12 03:50:42 +0000 |
commit | 78e9bb837c258ac0ec7712b3d612cc2f407e731e (patch) | |
tree | f515d16b6efd858a9aeb5b0ef5d6f90bf288283d /src/libsystemd-network/test-ndisc-ra.c | |
parent | Adding debian version 255.5-1. (diff) | |
download | systemd-78e9bb837c258ac0ec7712b3d612cc2f407e731e.tar.xz systemd-78e9bb837c258ac0ec7712b3d612cc2f407e731e.zip |
Merging upstream version 256.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'src/libsystemd-network/test-ndisc-ra.c')
-rw-r--r-- | src/libsystemd-network/test-ndisc-ra.c | 213 |
1 files changed, 114 insertions, 99 deletions
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-network/test-ndisc-ra.c b/src/libsystemd-network/test-ndisc-ra.c index 23abe78..b2ea8f5 100644 --- a/src/libsystemd-network/test-ndisc-ra.c +++ b/src/libsystemd-network/test-ndisc-ra.c @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ #include "alloc-util.h" #include "hexdecoct.h" -#include "icmp6-util-unix.h" +#include "icmp6-test-util.h" #include "socket-util.h" #include "strv.h" #include "tests.h" @@ -20,37 +20,6 @@ static struct ether_addr mac_addr = { .ether_addr_octet = { 0x78, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0xb3, 0x6d, 0x53 } }; -static uint8_t advertisement[] = { - /* ICMPv6 Router Advertisement, no checksum */ - 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x00, 0xb4, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, - /* Source Link Layer Address Option */ - 0x01, 0x01, 0x78, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0xb3, 0x6d, 0x53, - /* Prefix Information Option */ - 0x03, 0x04, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xf4, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xb8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, - 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, - /* Prefix Information Option */ - 0x03, 0x04, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x10, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, - 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0x0b, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x0d, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, - /* Prefix Information Option */ - 0x03, 0x04, 0x30, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x10, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, - 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xad, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, - /* Recursive DNS Server Option */ - 0x19, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, - 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, - 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, - /* DNS Search List Option */ - 0x1f, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, - 0x03, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x62, 0x05, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, - 0x72, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, -}; - static bool test_stopped; static struct { struct in6_addr address; @@ -103,26 +72,26 @@ TEST(radv_prefix) { assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_new(&p) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_onlink(NULL, true) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_onlink(NULL, true) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_onlink(p, true) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_onlink(p, false) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_address_autoconfiguration(NULL, true) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_address_autoconfiguration(NULL, true) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_address_autoconfiguration(p, true) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_address_autoconfiguration(p, false) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_valid_lifetime(NULL, 1, 1) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_valid_lifetime(NULL, 1, 1) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_valid_lifetime(p, 0, 0) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_valid_lifetime(p, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC, USEC_INFINITY) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_valid_lifetime(p, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC, USEC_PER_YEAR) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_preferred_lifetime(NULL, 1, 1) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_preferred_lifetime(NULL, 1, 1) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_preferred_lifetime(p, 0, 0) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_preferred_lifetime(p, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC, USEC_INFINITY) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_preferred_lifetime(p, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC, USEC_PER_YEAR) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(NULL, NULL, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(NULL, NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, NULL, 0) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 64) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 0) < 0); @@ -131,8 +100,8 @@ TEST(radv_prefix) { assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 3) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 125) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 128) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 129) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 255) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 129) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 255) < 0); assert_se(!sd_radv_prefix_unref(p)); } @@ -142,13 +111,13 @@ TEST(radv_route_prefix) { assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_new(&p) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_lifetime(NULL, 1, 1) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_lifetime(NULL, 1, 1) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_lifetime(p, 0, 0) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_lifetime(p, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC, USEC_INFINITY) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_lifetime(p, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC, USEC_PER_YEAR) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(NULL, NULL, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(NULL, NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, NULL, 0) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 64) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 0) >= 0); @@ -157,8 +126,8 @@ TEST(radv_route_prefix) { assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 3) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 125) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 128) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 129) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 255) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 129) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_route_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 255) < 0); assert_se(!sd_radv_route_prefix_unref(p)); } @@ -168,8 +137,8 @@ TEST(radv_pref64_prefix) { assert_se(sd_radv_pref64_prefix_new(&p) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_pref64_prefix_set_prefix(NULL, NULL, 0, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_pref64_prefix_set_prefix(p, NULL, 0, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_pref64_prefix_set_prefix(NULL, NULL, 0, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_pref64_prefix_set_prefix(p, NULL, 0, 0) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_pref64_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 32, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_pref64_prefix_set_prefix(p, &prefix[0].address, 40, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC) >= 0); @@ -190,60 +159,59 @@ TEST(radv) { assert_se(sd_radv_new(&ra) >= 0); assert_se(ra); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_ifindex(NULL, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_ifindex(ra, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_ifindex(ra, -1) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_ifindex(ra, -2) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_ifindex(NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_ifindex(ra, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_ifindex(ra, -1) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_ifindex(ra, -2) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_ifindex(ra, 42) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_mac(NULL, NULL) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_mac(ra, NULL) >= 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_mac(NULL, NULL) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_mac(ra, NULL) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_mac(ra, &mac_addr) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_mtu(NULL, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_mtu(ra, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_mtu(ra, 1279) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_mtu(NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_mtu(ra, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_mtu(ra, 1279) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_mtu(ra, 1280) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_mtu(ra, ~0) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_hop_limit(NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_hop_limit(NULL, 0) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_hop_limit(ra, 0) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_hop_limit(ra, ~0) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(NULL, 0) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(ra, 0) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(ra, USEC_INFINITY) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(ra, USEC_PER_YEAR) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(ra, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_preference(NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_preference(NULL, 0) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_preference(ra, SD_NDISC_PREFERENCE_LOW) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_preference(ra, SD_NDISC_PREFERENCE_MEDIUM) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_preference(ra, SD_NDISC_PREFERENCE_HIGH) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_preference(ra, ~0) < 0); - - assert_se(sd_radv_set_preference(ra, SD_NDISC_PREFERENCE_HIGH) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(ra, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(ra, 0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_preference(ra, SD_NDISC_PREFERENCE_MEDIUM) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_router_lifetime(ra, 0) >= 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_preference(ra, ~0) < 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_managed_information(NULL, true) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_managed_information(NULL, true) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_managed_information(ra, true) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_managed_information(ra, false) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_other_information(NULL, true) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_other_information(NULL, true) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_other_information(ra, true) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_other_information(ra, false) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_retransmit(NULL, 10 * USEC_PER_MSEC) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_reachable_time(NULL, 10 * USEC_PER_MSEC) < 0); + assert_se(sd_radv_set_reachable_time(ra, 10 * USEC_PER_MSEC) >= 0); + assert_se(sd_radv_set_reachable_time(ra, 0) >= 0); + assert_se(sd_radv_set_reachable_time(ra, USEC_INFINITY) >= 0); + + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_retransmit(NULL, 10 * USEC_PER_MSEC) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_retransmit(ra, 10 * USEC_PER_MSEC) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_retransmit(ra, 0) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_retransmit(ra, usec_add(UINT32_MAX * USEC_PER_MSEC, USEC_PER_MSEC)) < 0); + assert_se(sd_radv_set_retransmit(ra, USEC_INFINITY) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_rdnss(NULL, 0, NULL, 0) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_rdnss(NULL, 0, NULL, 0) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_rdnss(ra, 0, NULL, 0) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_rdnss(ra, 0, NULL, 128) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_rdnss(ra, 0, NULL, 128) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_rdnss(ra, 600 * USEC_PER_SEC, &test_rdnss, 0) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_rdnss(ra, 600 * USEC_PER_SEC, &test_rdnss, 1) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_rdnss(ra, 0, &test_rdnss, 1) >= 0); @@ -254,15 +222,15 @@ TEST(radv) { assert_se(sd_radv_set_dnssl(ra, 0, (char **)test_dnssl) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_dnssl(ra, 600 * USEC_PER_SEC, (char **)test_dnssl) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_information(NULL, true) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_home_agent_information(NULL, true) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_information(ra, true) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_information(ra, false) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_preference(NULL, 10) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_home_agent_preference(NULL, 10) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_preference(ra, 10) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_preference(ra, 0) >= 0); - assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_lifetime(NULL, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC) < 0); + ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_radv_set_home_agent_lifetime(NULL, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC) < 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_lifetime(ra, 300 * USEC_PER_SEC) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_lifetime(ra, 0) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_set_home_agent_lifetime(ra, USEC_PER_DAY) < 0); @@ -271,49 +239,96 @@ TEST(radv) { assert_se(!ra); } -static int radv_recv(sd_event_source *s, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) { - sd_radv *ra = userdata; - unsigned char buf[168]; - size_t i; +static void dump_message(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) { + assert(len >= sizeof(struct nd_router_advert)); - assert_se(read(test_fd[0], &buf, sizeof(buf)) == sizeof(buf)); + printf("Received Router Advertisement with lifetime %i sec\n", + (buf[6] << 8) + buf[7]); - /* router lifetime must be zero when test is stopped */ - if (test_stopped) { - advertisement[6] = 0x00; - advertisement[7] = 0x00; - } - - printf ("Received Router Advertisement with lifetime %i\n", - (advertisement[6] << 8) + advertisement[7]); - - /* test only up to buf size, rest is not yet implemented */ - for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf); i++) { + for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (!(i % 8)) printf("%3zu: ", i); printf("0x%02x", buf[i]); - assert_se(buf[i] == advertisement[i]); - if ((i + 1) % 8) printf(", "); else printf("\n"); } +} - if (test_stopped) { - sd_event *e; +static void verify_message(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) { + static const uint8_t advertisement[] = { + /* ICMPv6 Router Advertisement, no checksum */ + 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x00, 0xb4, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + /* Source Link Layer Address Option */ + 0x01, 0x01, 0x78, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0xb3, 0x6d, 0x53, + /* Prefix Information Option */ + 0x03, 0x04, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xf4, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xb8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + /* Prefix Information Option */ + 0x03, 0x04, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x10, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0x0b, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x0d, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + /* Prefix Information Option */ + 0x03, 0x04, 0x30, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x10, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xad, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + /* Recursive DNS Server Option */ + 0x19, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, + 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, + 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, + /* DNS Search List Option */ + 0x1f, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, + 0x03, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x62, 0x05, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, + 0x72, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, + }; + + /* verify only up to known options, rest is not yet implemented */ + for (size_t i = 0, m = MIN(len, sizeof(advertisement)); i < m; i++) { + if (test_stopped) + /* on stop, many header fields are zero */ + switch (i) { + case 4: /* hop limit */ + case 5: /* flags */ + case 6 ... 7: /* router lifetime */ + case 8 ... 11: /* reachable time */ + case 12 ... 15: /* retrans timer */ + assert_se(buf[i] == 0); + continue; + } - e = sd_radv_get_event(ra); - sd_event_exit(e, 0); + assert_se(buf[i] == advertisement[i]); + } +} +static int radv_recv(sd_event_source *s, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) { + sd_radv *ra = ASSERT_PTR(userdata); + _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *buf = NULL; + ssize_t buflen; + + buflen = next_datagram_size_fd(fd); + assert_se(buflen >= 0); + assert_se(buf = new0(uint8_t, buflen)); + + assert_se(read(fd, buf, buflen) == buflen); + + dump_message(buf, buflen); + verify_message(buf, buflen); + + if (test_stopped) { + assert_se(sd_event_exit(sd_radv_get_event(ra), 0) >= 0); return 0; } assert_se(sd_radv_stop(ra) >= 0); test_stopped = true; - return 0; } @@ -365,7 +380,7 @@ TEST(ra) { assert_se(sd_event_source_set_io_fd_own(recv_router_advertisement, true) >= 0); assert_se(sd_event_add_time_relative(e, NULL, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, - 2 * USEC_PER_SEC, 0, + 30 * USEC_PER_SEC, 0, NULL, INT_TO_PTR(-ETIMEDOUT)) >= 0); assert_se(sd_radv_start(ra) >= 0); |