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diff --git a/man/repart.d.xml b/man/repart.d.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79908a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/repart.d.xml @@ -0,0 +1,936 @@ +<?xml version='1.0'?> +<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> +<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> + +<refentry id="repart.d" conditional='ENABLE_REPART' + xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> + + <refentryinfo> + <title>repart.d</title> + <productname>systemd</productname> + </refentryinfo> + + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>repart.d</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>repart.d</refname> + <refpurpose>Partition Definition Files for Automatic Boot-Time Repartitioning</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <para><literallayout><filename>/etc/repart.d/*.conf</filename> +<filename>/run/repart.d/*.conf</filename> +<filename>/usr/lib/repart.d/*.conf</filename> + </literallayout></para> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + + <para><filename>repart.d/*.conf</filename> files describe basic properties of partitions of block + devices of the local system. They may be used to declare types, names and sizes of partitions that shall + exist. The + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + service reads these files and attempts to add new partitions currently missing and enlarge existing + partitions according to these definitions. Operation is generally incremental, i.e. when applied, what + exists already is left intact, and partitions are never shrunk, moved or deleted.</para> + + <para>These definition files are useful for implementing operating system images that are prepared and + delivered with minimally sized images (for example lacking any state or swap partitions), and which on + first boot automatically take possession of any remaining disk space following a few basic rules.</para> + + <para>Currently, support for partition definition files is only implemented for GPT partition + tables.</para> + + <para>Partition files are generally matched against any partitions already existing on disk in a simple + algorithm: the partition files are sorted by their filename (ignoring the directory prefix), and then + compared in order against existing partitions matching the same partition type UUID. Specifically, the + first existing partition with a specific partition type UUID is assigned the first definition file with + the same partition type UUID, and the second existing partition with a specific type UUID the second + partition file with the same type UUID, and so on. Any left-over partition files that have no matching + existing partition are assumed to define new partition that shall be created. Such partitions are + appended to the end of the partition table, in the order defined by their names utilizing the first + partition slot greater than the highest slot number currently in use. Any existing partitions that have + no matching partition file are left as they are.</para> + + <para>Note that these definitions may only be used to create and initialize new partitions or to grow + existing ones. In the latter case it will not grow the contained files systems however; separate + mechanisms, such as + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-growfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> may be + used to grow the file systems inside of these partitions. Partitions may also be marked for automatic + growing via the <varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> setting, in which case the file system is grown on + first mount by tools that respect this flag. See below for details.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>[Partition] Section Options</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Type=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>The GPT partition type UUID to match. This may be a GPT partition type UUID such as + <constant>4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709</constant>, or an identifier. + Architecture specific partition types can use one of these architecture identifiers: + <constant>alpha</constant>, <constant>arc</constant>, <constant>arm</constant> (32-bit), + <constant>arm64</constant> (64-bit, aka aarch64), <constant>ia64</constant>, + <constant>loongarch64</constant>, <constant>mips-le</constant>, <constant>mips64-le</constant>, + <constant>parisc</constant>, <constant>ppc</constant>, <constant>ppc64</constant>, + <constant>ppc64-le</constant>, <constant>riscv32</constant>, <constant>riscv64</constant>, + <constant>s390</constant>, <constant>s390x</constant>, <constant>tilegx</constant>, + <constant>x86</constant> (32-bit, aka i386) and <constant>x86-64</constant> (64-bit, aka amd64). + </para> + + <para>The supported identifiers are:</para> + + <table> + <title>GPT partition type identifiers</title> + + <tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> + <colspec colname="name" /> + <colspec colname="explanation" /> + + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Identifier</entry> + <entry>Explanation</entry> + </row> + </thead> + + <tbody> + <row> + <entry><constant>esp</constant></entry> + <entry>EFI System Partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>xbootldr</constant></entry> + <entry>Extended Boot Loader Partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>swap</constant></entry> + <entry>Swap partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>home</constant></entry> + <entry>Home (<filename>/home/</filename>) partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>srv</constant></entry> + <entry>Server data (<filename>/srv/</filename>) partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>var</constant></entry> + <entry>Variable data (<filename>/var/</filename>) partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>tmp</constant></entry> + <entry>Temporary data (<filename>/var/tmp/</filename>) partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>linux-generic</constant></entry> + <entry>Generic Linux file system partition</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root</constant></entry> + <entry>Root file system partition type appropriate for the local architecture (an alias for an architecture root file system partition type listed below, e.g. <constant>root-x86-64</constant>)</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-verity</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity data for the root file system partition for the local architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-verity-sig</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity signature data for the root file system partition for the local architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-secondary</constant></entry> + <entry>Root file system partition of the secondary architecture of the local architecture (usually the matching 32-bit architecture for the local 64-bit architecture)</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-secondary-verity</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity data for the root file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-secondary-verity-sig</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity signature data for the root file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-{arch}</constant></entry> + <entry>Root file system partition of the given architecture (such as <constant>root-x86-64</constant> or <constant>root-riscv64</constant>)</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-{arch}-verity</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity data for the root file system partition of the given architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>root-{arch}-verity-sig</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity signature data for the root file system partition of the given architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr</constant></entry> + <entry><filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition type appropriate for the local architecture (an alias for an architecture <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition type listed below, e.g. <constant>usr-x86-64</constant>)</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-verity</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition for the local architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-verity-sig</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity signature data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition for the local architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-secondary</constant></entry> + <entry><filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the secondary architecture of the local architecture (usually the matching 32-bit architecture for the local 64-bit architecture)</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-secondary-verity</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-secondary-verity-sig</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity signature data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-{arch}</constant></entry> + <entry><filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the given architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-{arch}-verity</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the given architecture</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><constant>usr-{arch}-verity-sig</constant></entry> + <entry>Verity signature data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the given architecture</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <para>This setting defaults to <constant>linux-generic</constant>.</para> + + <para>Most of the partition type UUIDs listed above are defined in the <ulink + url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions + Specification</ulink>.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Label=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>The textual label to assign to the partition if none is assigned yet. Note that this + setting is not used for matching. It is also not used when a label is already set for an existing + partition. It is thus only used when a partition is newly created or when an existing one had a no + label set (that is: an empty label). If not specified a label derived from the partition type is + automatically used. Simple specifier expansion is supported, see below.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>UUID=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>The UUID to assign to the partition if none is assigned yet. Note that this + setting is not used for matching. It is also not used when a UUID is already set for an existing + partition. It is thus only used when a partition is newly created or when an existing one had a + all-zero UUID set. If set to <literal>null</literal>, the UUID is set to all zeroes. If not specified + a UUID derived from the partition type is automatically used.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Priority=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A numeric priority to assign to this partition, in the range -2147483648…2147483647, + with smaller values indicating higher priority, and higher values indicating smaller priority. This + priority is used in case the configured size constraints on the defined partitions do not permit + fitting all partitions onto the available disk space. If the partitions do not fit, the highest + numeric partition priority of all defined partitions is determined, and all defined partitions with + this priority are removed from the list of new partitions to create (which may be multiple, if the + same priority is used for multiple partitions). The fitting algorithm is then tried again. If the + partitions still do not fit, the now highest numeric partition priority is determined, and the + matching partitions removed too, and so on. Partitions of a priority of 0 or lower are never + removed. If all partitions with a priority above 0 are removed and the partitions still do not fit on + the device the operation fails. Note that this priority has no effect on ordering partitions, for + that use the alphabetical order of the filenames of the partition definition files. Defaults to + 0.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Weight=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A numeric weight to assign to this partition in the range 0…1000000. Available disk + space is assigned the defined partitions according to their relative weights (subject to the size + constraints configured with <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname>, <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname>), so + that a partition with weight 2000 gets double the space as one with weight 1000, and a partition with + weight 333 a third of that. Defaults to 1000.</para> + + <para>The <varname>Weight=</varname> setting is used to distribute available disk space in an + "elastic" fashion, based on the disk size and existing partitions. If a partition shall have a fixed + size use both <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> and <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname> with the same + value in order to fixate the size to one value, in which case the weight has no + effect.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>PaddingWeight=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Similar to <varname>Weight=</varname>, but sets a weight for the free space after the + partition (the "padding"). When distributing available space the weights of all partitions and all + defined padding is summed, and then each partition and padding gets the fraction defined by its + weight. Defaults to 0, i.e. by default no padding is applied.</para> + + <para>Padding is useful if empty space shall be left for later additions or a safety margin at the + end of the device or between partitions.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname></term> + <term><varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies minimum and maximum size constraints in bytes. Takes the usual K, M, G, T, + … suffixes (to the base of 1024). If <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> is specified the partition is + created at or grown to at least the specified size. If <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname> is specified + the partition is created at or grown to at most the specified size. The precise size is determined + through the weight value configured with <varname>Weight=</varname>, see above. When + <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> is set equal to <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname> the configured + weight has no effect as the partition is explicitly sized to the specified fixed value. Note that + partitions are never created smaller than 4096 bytes, and since partitions are never shrunk the + previous size of the partition (in case the partition already exists) is also enforced as lower bound + for the new size. The values should be specified as multiples of 4096 bytes, and are rounded upwards + (in case of <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname>) or downwards (in case of + <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname>) otherwise. If the backing device does not provide enough space to + fulfill the constraints placing the partition will fail. For partitions that shall be created, + depending on the setting of <varname>Priority=</varname> (see above) the partition might be dropped + and the placing algorithm restarted. By default a minimum size constraint of 10M and no maximum size + constraint is set.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>PaddingMinBytes=</varname></term> + <term><varname>PaddingMaxBytes=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies minimum and maximum size constraints in bytes for the free space after the + partition (the "padding"). Semantics are similar to <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> and + <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname>, except that unlike partition sizes free space can be shrunk and can + be as small as zero. By default no size constraints on padding are set, so that only + <varname>PaddingWeight=</varname> determines the size of the padding applied.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>CopyBlocks=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes a path to a regular file, block device node or directory, or the special value + <literal>auto</literal>. If specified and the partition is newly created, the data from the specified + path is written to the newly created partition, on the block level. If a directory is specified, the + backing block device of the file system the directory is on is determined, and the data read directly + from that. This option is useful to efficiently replicate existing file systems onto new partitions + on the block level — for example to build a simple OS installer or an OS image builder.</para> + + <para>If the special value <literal>auto</literal> is specified, the source to copy from is + automatically picked up from the running system (or the image specified with + <option>--image=</option> — if used). A partition that matches both the configured partition type (as + declared with <varname>Type=</varname> described above), and the currently mounted directory + appropriate for that partition type is determined. For example, if the partition type is set to + <literal>root</literal> the partition backing the root directory (<filename>/</filename>) is used as + source to copy from — if its partition type is set to <literal>root</literal> as well. If the + declared type is <literal>usr</literal> the partition backing <filename>/usr/</filename> is used as + source to copy blocks from — if its partition type is set to <literal>usr</literal> too. The logic is + capable of automatically tracking down the backing partitions for encrypted and Verity-enabled + volumes. <literal>CopyBlocks=auto</literal> is useful for implementing "self-replicating" systems, + i.e. systems that are their own installer.</para> + + <para>The file specified here must have a size that is a multiple of the basic block size 512 and not + be empty. If this option is used, the size allocation algorithm is slightly altered: the partition is + created as least as big as required to fit the data in, i.e. the data size is an additional minimum + size value taken into consideration for the allocation algorithm, similar to and in addition to the + <varname>SizeMin=</varname> value configured above.</para> + + <para>This option has no effect if the partition it is declared for already exists, i.e. existing + data is never overwritten. Note that the data is copied in before the partition table is updated, + i.e. before the partition actually is persistently created. This provides robustness: it is + guaranteed that the partition either doesn't exist or exists fully populated; it is not possible that + the partition exists but is not or only partially populated.</para> + + <para>This option cannot be combined with <varname>Format=</varname> or + <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Format=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes a file system name, such as <literal>ext4</literal>, <literal>btrfs</literal>, + <literal>xfs</literal>, <literal>vfat</literal>, <literal>erofs</literal>, + <literal>squashfs</literal> or the special value <literal>swap</literal>. If specified and the partition + is newly created it is formatted with the specified file system (or as swap device). The file system + UUID and label are automatically derived from the partition UUID and label. If this option is used, + the size allocation algorithm is slightly altered: the partition is created as least as big as + required for the minimal file system of the specified type (or 4KiB if the minimal size is not + known).</para> + + <para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists.</para> + + <para>Similarly to the behaviour of <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>, the file system is formatted + before the partition is created, ensuring that the partition only ever exists with a fully + initialized file system.</para> + + <para>This option cannot be combined with <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>CopyFiles=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes a pair of colon separated absolute file system paths. The first path refers to + a source file or directory on the host, the second path refers to a target in the file system of the + newly created partition and formatted file system. This setting may be used to copy files or + directories from the host into the file system that is created due to the <varname>Format=</varname> + option. If <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> is used without <varname>Format=</varname> specified + explicitly, <literal>Format=</literal> with a suitable default is implied (currently + <literal>vfat</literal> for <literal>ESP</literal> and <literal>XBOOTLDR</literal> partitions, and + <literal>ext4</literal> otherwise, but this may change in the future). This option may be used + multiple times to copy multiple files or directories from host into the newly formatted file system. + The colon and second path may be omitted in which case the source path is also used as the target + path (relative to the root of the newly created file system). If the source path refers to a + directory it is copied recursively.</para> + + <para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists: it cannot be used to copy additional + files into an existing partition, it may only be used to populate a file system created anew.</para> + + <para>The copy operation is executed before the file system is registered in the partition table, + thus ensuring that a file system populated this way only ever exists fully initialized.</para> + + <para>Note that <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> will skip copying files that aren't supported by the + target filesystem (e.g symlinks, fifos, sockets and devices on vfat). When an unsupported file type + is encountered, <command>systemd-repart</command> will skip copying this file and write a log message + about it.</para> + + <para>Note that <command>systemd-repart</command> does not change the UIDs/GIDs of any copied files + and directories. When running <command>systemd-repart</command> as an unprivileged user to build an + image of files and directories owned by the same user, you can run <command>systemd-repart</command> + in a user namespace with the current user mapped to the root user to make sure the files and + directories in the image are owned by the root user.</para> + + <para>Note that when populating XFS filesystems with <command>systemd-repart</command> and loop + devices are not available, populating XFS filesystems with files containing spaces, tabs or newlines + might fail on old versions of + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkfs.xfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + due to limitations of its protofile format.</para> + + <para>Note that when populating XFS filesystems with <command>systemd-repart</command> and loop + devices are not available, extended attributes will not be copied into generated XFS filesystems + due to limitations <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkfs.xfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s + protofile format.</para> + + <para>This option cannot be combined with <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>.</para> + + <para>When + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is + invoked with the <option>--copy-source=</option> command line switch the file paths are taken + relative to the specified directory. If <option>--copy-source=</option> is not used, but the + <option>--image=</option> or <option>--root=</option> switches are used, the source paths are taken + relative to the specified root directory or disk image root.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>ExcludeFiles=</varname></term> + <term><varname>ExcludeFilesTarget=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes an absolute file system path referring to a source file or directory on the + host. This setting may be used to exclude files or directories from the host from being copied into + the file system when <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> is used. This option may be used multiple times to + exclude multiple files or directories from host from being copied into the newly formatted file + system.</para> + + <para>If the path is a directory and ends with <literal>/</literal>, only the directory's + contents are excluded but not the directory itself. If the path is a directory and does not end with + <literal>/</literal>, both the directory and its contents are excluded.</para> + + <para><varname>ExcludeFilesTarget=</varname> is like <varname>ExcludeFiles=</varname> except that + instead of excluding the path on the host from being copied into the partition, we exclude any files + and directories from being copied into the given path in the partition.</para> + + <para>When + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + is invoked with the <option>--image=</option> or <option>--root=</option> command line switches the + paths specified are taken relative to the specified root directory or disk image root. + </para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>MakeDirectories=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes one or more absolute paths, separated by whitespace, each declaring a directory + to create within the new file system. Behaviour is similar to <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>, but + instead of copying in a set of files this just creates the specified directories with the default + mode of 0755 owned by the root user and group, plus all their parent directories (with the same + ownership and access mode). To configure directories with different ownership or access mode, use + <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> and specify a source tree to copy containing appropriately + owned/configured directories. This option may be used more than once to create multiple + directories. When <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> and <varname>MakeDirectories=</varname> are used + together the former is applied first. If a directory listed already exists no operation is executed + (in particular, the ownership/access mode of the directories is left as is).</para> + + <para>The primary use case for this option is to create a minimal set of directories that may be + mounted over by other partitions contained in the same disk image. For example, a disk image where + the root file system is formatted at first boot might want to automatically pre-create + <filename>/usr/</filename> in it this way, so that the <literal>usr</literal> partition may + over-mount it.</para> + + <para>Consider using + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + with its <option>--image=</option> option to pre-create other, more complex directory hierarchies (as + well as other inodes) with fine-grained control of ownership, access modes and other file + attributes.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Subvolumes=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes one or more absolute paths, separated by whitespace, each declaring a directory + that should be a subvolume within the new file system. This option may be used more than once to + specify multiple directories. Note that this setting does not create the directories themselves, that + can be configured with <varname>MakeDirectories=</varname> and <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>.</para> + + <para>Note that this option only takes effect if the target filesystem supports subvolumes, such as + <literal>btrfs</literal>.</para> + + <para>Note that due to limitations of <literal>mkfs.btrfs</literal>, this option is only supported + when running with <option>--offline=no</option>.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v255"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Encrypt=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>off</literal>, <literal>key-file</literal>, + <literal>tpm2</literal> and <literal>key-file+tpm2</literal> (alternatively, also accepts a boolean + value, which is mapped to <literal>off</literal> when false, and <literal>key-file</literal> when + true). Defaults to <literal>off</literal>. If not <literal>off</literal> the partition will be + formatted with a LUKS2 superblock, before the blocks configured with <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname> + are copied in or the file system configured with <varname>Format=</varname> is created.</para> + + <para>The LUKS2 UUID is automatically derived from the partition UUID in a stable fashion. If + <literal>key-file</literal> or <literal>key-file+tpm2</literal> is used, a key is added to the LUKS2 + superblock, configurable with the <option>--key-file=</option> option to + <command>systemd-repart</command>. If <literal>tpm2</literal> or <literal>key-file+tpm2</literal> is + used, a key is added to the LUKS2 superblock that is enrolled to the local TPM2 chip, as configured + with the <option>--tpm2-device=</option> and <option>--tpm2-pcrs=</option> options to + <command>systemd-repart</command>.</para> + + <para>When used this slightly alters the size allocation logic as the implicit, minimal size limits + of <varname>Format=</varname> and <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname> are increased by the space necessary + for the LUKS2 superblock (see above).</para> + + <para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Verity=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>off</literal>, <literal>data</literal>, + <literal>hash</literal> or <literal>signature</literal>. Defaults to <literal>off</literal>. If set + to <literal>off</literal> or <literal>data</literal>, the partition is populated with content as + specified by <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname> or <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>. If set to + <literal>hash</literal>, the partition will be populated with verity hashes from the matching verity + data partition. If set to <literal>signature</literal>, the partition will be populated with a JSON + object containing a signature of the verity root hash of the matching verity hash partition.</para> + + <para>A matching verity partition is a partition with the same verity match key (as configured with + <varname>VerityMatchKey=</varname>).</para> + + <para>If not explicitly configured, the data partition's UUID will be set to the first 128 + bits of the verity root hash. Similarly, if not configured, the hash partition's UUID will be set to + the final 128 bits of the verity root hash. The verity root hash itself will be included in the + output of <command>systemd-repart</command>.</para> + + <para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists.</para> + + <para>Usage of this option in combination with <varname>Encrypt=</varname> is not supported.</para> + + <para>For each unique <varname>VerityMatchKey=</varname> value, a single verity data partition + (<literal>Verity=data</literal>) and a single verity hash partition (<literal>Verity=hash</literal>) + must be defined.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VerityMatchKey=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes a short, user-chosen identifier string. This setting is used to find sibling + verity partitions for the current verity partition. See the description for + <varname>Verity=</varname>.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VerityDataBlockSizeBytes=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Configures the data block size of the generated verity hash partition. Must be between 512 and + 4096 bytes and must be a power of 2. Defaults to the sector size if configured explicitly, or the underlying + block device sector size, or 4K if systemd-repart is not operating on a block device. + </para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v255"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VerityHashBlockSizeBytes=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Configures the hash block size of the generated verity hash partition. Must be between 512 and + 4096 bytes and must be a power of 2. Defaults to the sector size if configured explicitly, or the underlying + block device sector size, or 4K if systemd-repart is not operating on a block device. + </para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v255"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>FactoryReset=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified the partition is marked for removal during a + factory reset operation. This functionality is useful to implement schemes where images can be reset + into their original state by removing partitions and creating them anew. Defaults to off.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Flags=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Configures the 64-bit GPT partition flags field to set for the partition when creating + it. This option has no effect if the partition already exists. If not specified the flags values is + set to all zeroes, except for the three bits that can also be configured via + <varname>NoAuto=</varname>, <varname>ReadOnly=</varname> and <varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname>; see + below for details on the defaults for these three flags. Specify the flags value in hexadecimal (by + prefixing it with <literal>0x</literal>), binary (prefix <literal>0b</literal>) or decimal (no + prefix).</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>NoAuto=</varname></term> + <term><varname>ReadOnly=</varname></term> + <term><varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Configures the No-Auto, Read-Only and Grow-File-System partition flags (bit 63, 60 + and 59) of the partition table entry, as defined by the <ulink + url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>. Only + available for partition types supported by the specification. This option is a friendly way to set + bits 63, 60 and 59 of the partition flags value without setting any of the other bits, and may be set + via <varname>Flags=</varname> too, see above.</para> + + <para>If <varname>Flags=</varname> is used in conjunction with one or more of + <varname>NoAuto=</varname>/<varname>ReadOnly=</varname>/<varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> the latter + control the value of the relevant flags, i.e. the high-level settings + <varname>NoAuto=</varname>/<varname>ReadOnly=</varname>/<varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> override + the relevant bits of the low-level setting <varname>Flags=</varname>.</para> + + <para>Note that the three flags affect only automatic partition mounting, as implemented by + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + or the <option>--image=</option> option of various commands (such as + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>). It + has no effect on explicit mounts, such as those done via <citerefentry + project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or + <citerefentry + project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> + + <para>If both bit 50 and 59 are set for a partition (i.e. the partition is marked both read-only and + marked for file system growing) the latter is typically without effect: the read-only flag takes + precedence in most tools reading these flags, and since growing the file system involves writing to + the partition it is consequently ignored.</para> + + <para><varname>NoAuto=</varname> defaults to off. <varname>ReadOnly=</varname> defaults to on for + Verity partition types, and off for all others. <varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> defaults to on for + all partition types that support it, except if the partition is marked read-only (and thus + effectively, defaults to off for Verity partitions).</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>SplitName=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Configures the suffix to append to split artifacts when the <option>--split</option> + option of + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is + used. Simple specifier expansion is supported, see below. Defaults to <literal>%t</literal>. To + disable split artifact generation for a partition, set <varname>SplitName=</varname> to + <literal>-</literal>.</para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>Minimize=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>off</literal>, <literal>best</literal>, and + <literal>guess</literal> (alternatively, also accepts a boolean value, which is mapped to + <literal>off</literal> when false, and <literal>best</literal> when true). Defaults to + <literal>off</literal>. If set to <literal>best</literal>, the partition will have the minimal size + required to store the sources configured with <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>. <literal>best</literal> + is currently only supported for read-only filesystems. If set to <literal>guess</literal>, the + partition is created at least as big as required to store the sources configured with + <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>. Note that unless the filesystem is a read-only filesystem, + <command>systemd-repart</command> will have to populate the filesystem twice to guess the minimal + required size, so enabling this option might slow down repart when populating large partitions. + </para> + + <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Specifiers</title> + + <para>Specifiers may be used in the <varname>Label=</varname>, <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>, + <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>, <varname>MakeDirectories=</varname>, <varname>SplitName=</varname> + settings. The following expansions are understood:</para> + <table class='specifiers'> + <title>Specifiers available</title> + <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> + <colspec colname="spec" /> + <colspec colname="mean" /> + <colspec colname="detail" /> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Specifier</entry> + <entry>Meaning</entry> + <entry>Details</entry> + </row> + </thead> + <tbody> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="a"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="A"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="b"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="B"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="H"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="l"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="m"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="M"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="o"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="v"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="w"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="W"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="T"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="V"/> + <xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="percent"/> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <para>Additionally, for the <varname>SplitName=</varname> setting, the following specifiers are also + understood:</para> + <table class='specifiers'> + <title>Specifiers available</title> + <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> + <colspec colname="spec" /> + <colspec colname="mean" /> + <colspec colname="detail" /> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Specifier</entry> + <entry>Meaning</entry> + <entry>Details</entry> + </row> + </thead> + <tbody> + <row id='T'> + <entry><literal>%T</literal></entry> + <entry>Partition Type UUID</entry> + <entry>The partition type UUID, as configured with <varname>Type=</varname></entry> + </row> + <row id='t'> + <entry><literal>%t</literal></entry> + <entry>Partition Type Identifier</entry> + <entry>The partition type identifier corresponding to the partition type UUID</entry> + </row> + <row id='U'> + <entry><literal>%U</literal></entry> + <entry>Partition UUID</entry> + <entry>The partition UUID, as configured with <varname>UUID=</varname></entry> + </row> + <row id='n'> + <entry><literal>%n</literal></entry> + <entry>Partition Number</entry> + <entry>The partition number assigned to the partition</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Examples</title> + + <example> + <title>Grow the root partition to the full disk size at first boot</title> + + <para>With the following file the root partition is automatically grown to the full disk if possible + during boot.</para> + + <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/50-root.conf +[Partition] +Type=root +</programlisting></para> + </example> + + <example> + <title>Create a swap and home partition automatically on boot, if missing</title> + + <para>The home partition gets all available disk space while the swap partition gets 1G at most and 64M + at least. We set a priority > 0 on the swap partition to ensure the swap partition is not used if not + enough space is available. For every three bytes assigned to the home partition the swap partition gets + assigned one.</para> + + <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/60-home.conf +[Partition] +Type=home +</programlisting></para> + + <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/70-swap.conf +[Partition] +Type=swap +SizeMinBytes=64M +SizeMaxBytes=1G +Priority=1 +Weight=333 +</programlisting></para> + </example> + + <example> + <title>Create B partitions in an A/B Verity setup, if missing</title> + + <para>Let's say the vendor intends to update OS images in an A/B setup, i.e. with two root partitions + (and two matching Verity partitions) that shall be used alternatingly during upgrades. To minimize + image sizes the original image is shipped only with one root and one Verity partition (the "A" set), + and the second root and Verity partitions (the "B" set) shall be created on first boot on the free + space on the medium.</para> + + <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/50-root.conf +[Partition] +Type=root +SizeMinBytes=512M +SizeMaxBytes=512M +</programlisting></para> + + <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/60-root-verity.conf +[Partition] +Type=root-verity +SizeMinBytes=64M +SizeMaxBytes=64M +</programlisting></para> + + <para>The definitions above cover the "A" set of root partition (of a fixed 512M size) and Verity + partition for the root partition (of a fixed 64M size). Let's use symlinks to create the "B" set of + partitions, since after all they shall have the same properties and sizes as the "A" set.</para> + +<para><programlisting># ln -s 50-root.conf /usr/lib/repart.d/70-root-b.conf +# ln -s 60-root-verity.conf /usr/lib/repart.d/80-root-verity-b.conf +</programlisting></para> + </example> + + <example> + <title>Create a data partition and corresponding verity partitions from a OS tree</title> + + <para>Assuming we have an OS tree at <filename index='false'>/var/tmp/os-tree</filename> that we want + to package in a root partition together with matching verity partitions, we can do so as follows: + </para> + + <para><programlisting># 50-root.conf +[Partition] +Type=root +CopyFiles=/var/tmp/os-tree +Verity=data +VerityMatchKey=root +Minimize=guess +</programlisting></para> + + <para><programlisting># 60-root-verity.conf +[Partition] +Type=root-verity +Verity=hash +VerityMatchKey=root +# Explicitly set the hash and data block size to 4K +VerityDataBlockSizeBytes=4096 +VerityHashBlockSizeBytes=4096 +Minimize=best +</programlisting></para> + +<para><programlisting># 70-root-verity-sig.conf +[Partition] +Type=root-verity-sig +Verity=signature +VerityMatchKey=root +</programlisting></para> + </example> + + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>See Also</title> + <para> + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sfdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptenroll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> + </para> + </refsect1> + +</refentry> |