diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'src/core/main.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/main.c | 3227 |
1 files changed, 3227 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/core/main.c b/src/core/main.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f71cc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/core/main.c @@ -0,0 +1,3227 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */ + +#include <errno.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <getopt.h> +#include <linux/oom.h> +#include <sys/mount.h> +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <sys/utsname.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H +# include <valgrind/valgrind.h> +#endif + +#include "sd-bus.h" +#include "sd-daemon.h" +#include "sd-messages.h" + +#include "alloc-util.h" +#include "apparmor-setup.h" +#include "architecture.h" +#include "argv-util.h" +#if HAVE_LIBBPF +#include "bpf-lsm.h" +#endif +#include "build.h" +#include "bus-error.h" +#include "bus-util.h" +#include "capability-util.h" +#include "cgroup-util.h" +#include "chase.h" +#include "clock-util.h" +#include "conf-parser.h" +#include "confidential-virt.h" +#include "copy.h" +#include "cpu-set-util.h" +#include "crash-handler.h" +#include "dbus-manager.h" +#include "dbus.h" +#include "constants.h" +#include "dev-setup.h" +#include "efi-random.h" +#include "efivars.h" +#include "emergency-action.h" +#include "env-util.h" +#include "exit-status.h" +#include "fd-util.h" +#include "fdset.h" +#include "fileio.h" +#include "format-util.h" +#include "fs-util.h" +#include "getopt-defs.h" +#include "hexdecoct.h" +#include "hostname-setup.h" +#include "ima-setup.h" +#include "import-creds.h" +#include "initrd-util.h" +#include "killall.h" +#include "kmod-setup.h" +#include "limits-util.h" +#include "load-fragment.h" +#include "log.h" +#include "loopback-setup.h" +#include "machine-id-setup.h" +#include "main.h" +#include "manager.h" +#include "manager-dump.h" +#include "manager-serialize.h" +#include "mkdir-label.h" +#include "mount-setup.h" +#include "os-util.h" +#include "pager.h" +#include "parse-argument.h" +#include "parse-util.h" +#include "path-util.h" +#include "pretty-print.h" +#include "proc-cmdline.h" +#include "process-util.h" +#include "psi-util.h" +#include "random-util.h" +#include "rlimit-util.h" +#include "seccomp-util.h" +#include "selinux-setup.h" +#include "selinux-util.h" +#include "signal-util.h" +#include "smack-setup.h" +#include "special.h" +#include "stat-util.h" +#include "stdio-util.h" +#include "strv.h" +#include "switch-root.h" +#include "sysctl-util.h" +#include "terminal-util.h" +#include "time-util.h" +#include "umask-util.h" +#include "user-util.h" +#include "version.h" +#include "virt.h" +#include "watchdog.h" + +#if HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER +#include <sanitizer/lsan_interface.h> +#endif + +static enum { + ACTION_RUN, + ACTION_HELP, + ACTION_VERSION, + ACTION_TEST, + ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS, + ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES, + ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT, +} arg_action = ACTION_RUN; + +static const char *arg_bus_introspect = NULL; + +/* Those variables are initialized to 0 automatically, so we avoid uninitialized memory access. Real + * defaults are assigned in reset_arguments() below. */ +static char *arg_default_unit; +static RuntimeScope arg_runtime_scope; +bool arg_dump_core; +int arg_crash_chvt; +bool arg_crash_shell; +bool arg_crash_reboot; +static char *arg_confirm_spawn; +static ShowStatus arg_show_status; +static StatusUnitFormat arg_status_unit_format; +static bool arg_switched_root; +static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags; +static bool arg_service_watchdogs; +static UnitDefaults arg_defaults; +static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog; +static usec_t arg_reboot_watchdog; +static usec_t arg_kexec_watchdog; +static usec_t arg_pretimeout_watchdog; +static char *arg_early_core_pattern; +static char *arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor; +static char *arg_watchdog_device; +static char **arg_default_environment; +static char **arg_manager_environment; +static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set; +static bool arg_no_new_privs; +static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec; +static Set* arg_syscall_archs; +static FILE* arg_serialization; +static sd_id128_t arg_machine_id; +static EmergencyAction arg_cad_burst_action; +static CPUSet arg_cpu_affinity; +static NUMAPolicy arg_numa_policy; +static usec_t arg_clock_usec; +static void *arg_random_seed; +static size_t arg_random_seed_size; +static usec_t arg_reload_limit_interval_sec; +static unsigned arg_reload_limit_burst; + +/* A copy of the original environment block */ +static char **saved_env = NULL; + +static int parse_configuration(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock); + +static int manager_find_user_config_paths(char ***ret_files, char ***ret_dirs) { + _cleanup_free_ char *base = NULL; + _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL, **dirs = NULL; + int r; + + r = xdg_user_config_dir(&base, "/systemd"); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + r = strv_extendf(&files, "%s/user.conf", base); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + r = strv_extend(&files, PKGSYSCONFDIR "/user.conf"); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + r = strv_consume(&dirs, TAKE_PTR(base)); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + r = strv_extend_strv(&dirs, CONF_PATHS_STRV("systemd"), false); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + *ret_files = TAKE_PTR(files); + *ret_dirs = TAKE_PTR(dirs); + return 0; +} + +static int console_setup(void) { + _cleanup_close_ int tty_fd = -EBADF; + unsigned rows, cols; + int r; + + tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); + if (tty_fd < 0) + return log_error_errno(tty_fd, "Failed to open /dev/console: %m"); + + /* We don't want to force text mode. plymouth may be showing + * pictures already from initrd. */ + r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reset /dev/console: %m"); + + r = proc_cmdline_tty_size("/dev/console", &rows, &cols); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to get terminal size, ignoring: %m"); + else { + r = terminal_set_size_fd(tty_fd, NULL, rows, cols); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set terminal size, ignoring: %m"); + } + + return 0; +} + +static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *data) { + int r; + + assert(key); + + if (STR_IN_SET(key, "systemd.unit", "rd.systemd.unit")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (!unit_name_is_valid(value, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)) + log_warning("Unit name specified on %s= is not valid, ignoring: %s", key, value); + else if (in_initrd() == !!startswith(key, "rd.")) + return free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_default_unit, value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.dump_core")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse dump core switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_dump_core = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.early_core_pattern")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (path_is_absolute(value)) + (void) parse_path_argument(value, false, &arg_early_core_pattern); + else + log_warning("Specified core pattern '%s' is not an absolute path, ignoring.", value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_chvt")) { + + if (!value) + arg_crash_chvt = 0; /* turn on */ + else { + r = parse_crash_chvt(value, &arg_crash_chvt); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + } + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_shell")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash shell switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_crash_shell = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_reboot")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash reboot switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_crash_reboot = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.confirm_spawn")) { + char *s; + + r = parse_confirm_spawn(value, &s); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse confirm_spawn switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + free_and_replace(arg_confirm_spawn, s); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.service_watchdogs")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse service watchdog switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_service_watchdogs = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.show_status")) { + + if (value) { + r = parse_show_status(value, &arg_show_status); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse show status switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + } else + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.status_unit_format")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = status_unit_format_from_string(value); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse %s=%s, ignoring: %m", key, value); + else + arg_status_unit_format = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_output")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = exec_output_from_string(value); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard output switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_defaults.std_output = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_error")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = exec_output_from_string(value); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard error switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_defaults.std_error = r; + + } else if (streq(key, "systemd.setenv")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (!env_assignment_is_valid(value)) + log_warning("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", value); + else { + r = strv_env_replace_strdup(&arg_default_environment, value); + if (r < 0) + return log_oom(); + } + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.machine_id")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = id128_from_string_nonzero(value, &arg_machine_id); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "MachineID '%s' is not valid, ignoring: %m", value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_timeout_start_sec")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = parse_sec(value, &arg_defaults.timeout_start_usec); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default start timeout '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + + if (arg_defaults.timeout_start_usec <= 0) + arg_defaults.timeout_start_usec = USEC_INFINITY; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_device_timeout_sec")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = parse_sec(value, &arg_defaults.device_timeout_usec); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default device timeout '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + + if (arg_defaults.device_timeout_usec <= 0) + arg_defaults.device_timeout_usec = USEC_INFINITY; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.cpu_affinity")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = parse_cpu_set(value, &arg_cpu_affinity); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse CPU affinity mask '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_device")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + (void) parse_path_argument(value, false, &arg_watchdog_device); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_sec")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (streq(value, "default")) + arg_runtime_watchdog = USEC_INFINITY; + else if (streq(value, "off")) + arg_runtime_watchdog = 0; + else { + r = parse_sec(value, &arg_runtime_watchdog); + if (r < 0) { + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.watchdog_sec= argument '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + return 0; + } + } + + arg_kexec_watchdog = arg_reboot_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_pre_sec")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (streq(value, "default")) + arg_pretimeout_watchdog = USEC_INFINITY; + else if (streq(value, "off")) + arg_pretimeout_watchdog = 0; + else { + r = parse_sec(value, &arg_pretimeout_watchdog); + if (r < 0) { + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.watchdog_pre_sec= argument '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + return 0; + } + } + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_pretimeout_governor")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value) || isempty(value)) { + arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor = mfree(arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor); + return 0; + } + + if (!string_is_safe(value)) { + log_warning("Watchdog pretimeout governor '%s' is not valid, ignoring.", value); + return 0; + } + + return free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor, value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.clock_usec")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = safe_atou64(value, &arg_clock_usec); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.clock_usec= argument, ignoring: %s", value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.random_seed")) { + void *p; + size_t sz; + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = unbase64mem(value, SIZE_MAX, &p, &sz); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.random_seed= argument, ignoring: %s", value); + + free(arg_random_seed); + arg_random_seed = sz > 0 ? p : mfree(p); + arg_random_seed_size = sz; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.reload_limit_interval_sec")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = parse_sec(value, &arg_reload_limit_interval_sec); + if (r < 0) { + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.reload_limit_interval_sec= argument '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + return 0; + } + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.reload_limit_burst")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = safe_atou(value, &arg_reload_limit_burst); + if (r < 0) { + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.reload_limit_burst= argument '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + return 0; + } + + } else if (streq(key, "quiet") && !value) { + + if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID) + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_ERROR; + + } else if (streq(key, "debug") && !value) { + + /* Note that log_parse_environment() handles 'debug' + * too, and sets the log level to LOG_DEBUG. */ + + if (detect_container() > 0) + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE); + + } else if (!value) { + const char *target; + + /* Compatible with SysV, but supported independently even if SysV compatibility is disabled. */ + target = runlevel_to_target(key); + if (target) + return free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_default_unit, target); + } + + return 0; +} + +#define DEFINE_SETTER(name, func, descr) \ + static int name(const char *unit, \ + const char *filename, \ + unsigned line, \ + const char *section, \ + unsigned section_line, \ + const char *lvalue, \ + int ltype, \ + const char *rvalue, \ + void *data, \ + void *userdata) { \ + \ + int r; \ + \ + assert(filename); \ + assert(lvalue); \ + assert(rvalue); \ + \ + r = func(rvalue); \ + if (r < 0) \ + log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, \ + "Invalid " descr "'%s': %m", \ + rvalue); \ + \ + return 0; \ + } + +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_level2, log_set_max_level_from_string, "log level"); +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_target, log_set_target_from_string, "target"); +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_color, log_show_color_from_string, "color"); +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_location, log_show_location_from_string, "location"); +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_time, log_show_time_from_string, "time"); + +static int config_parse_default_timeout_abort( + const char *unit, + const char *filename, + unsigned line, + const char *section, + unsigned section_line, + const char *lvalue, + int ltype, + const char *rvalue, + void *data, + void *userdata) { + int r; + + r = config_parse_timeout_abort( + unit, + filename, + line, + section, + section_line, + lvalue, + ltype, + rvalue, + &arg_defaults.timeout_abort_usec, + userdata); + if (r >= 0) + arg_defaults.timeout_abort_set = r; + return 0; +} + +static int config_parse_oom_score_adjust( + const char *unit, + const char *filename, + unsigned line, + const char *section, + unsigned section_line, + const char *lvalue, + int ltype, + const char *rvalue, + void *data, + void *userdata) { + + int oa, r; + + if (isempty(rvalue)) { + arg_defaults.oom_score_adjust_set = false; + return 0; + } + + r = parse_oom_score_adjust(rvalue, &oa); + if (r < 0) { + log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse the OOM score adjust value '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue); + return 0; + } + + arg_defaults.oom_score_adjust = oa; + arg_defaults.oom_score_adjust_set = true; + + return 0; +} + +static int parse_config_file(void) { + const ConfigTableItem items[] = { + { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "LogTime", config_parse_time, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core }, + { "Manager", "CrashChVT", /* legacy */ config_parse_crash_chvt, 0, &arg_crash_chvt }, + { "Manager", "CrashChangeVT", config_parse_crash_chvt, 0, &arg_crash_chvt }, + { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell }, + { "Manager", "CrashReboot", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_reboot }, + { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_show_status, 0, &arg_show_status }, + { "Manager", "StatusUnitFormat", config_parse_status_unit_format, 0, &arg_status_unit_format }, + { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, &arg_cpu_affinity }, + { "Manager", "NUMAPolicy", config_parse_numa_policy, 0, &arg_numa_policy.type }, + { "Manager", "NUMAMask", config_parse_numa_mask, 0, &arg_numa_policy }, + { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_warn_compat, DISABLED_CONFIGURATION, NULL }, + { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog }, + { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogPreSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_pretimeout_watchdog }, + { "Manager", "RebootWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_reboot_watchdog }, + { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_reboot_watchdog }, /* obsolete alias */ + { "Manager", "KExecWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_kexec_watchdog }, + { "Manager", "WatchdogDevice", config_parse_path, 0, &arg_watchdog_device }, + { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogPreGovernor", config_parse_string, CONFIG_PARSE_STRING_SAFE, &arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor }, + { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_capability_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set }, + { "Manager", "NoNewPrivileges", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_no_new_privs }, +#if HAVE_SECCOMP + { "Manager", "SystemCallArchitectures", config_parse_syscall_archs, 0, &arg_syscall_archs }, +#else + { "Manager", "SystemCallArchitectures", config_parse_warn_compat, DISABLED_CONFIGURATION, NULL }, + +#endif + { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTimerAccuracySec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.timer_accuracy_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output_restricted, 0, &arg_defaults.std_output }, + { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output_restricted, 0, &arg_defaults.std_error }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStartSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.timeout_start_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStopSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.timeout_stop_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutAbortSec", config_parse_default_timeout_abort, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "DefaultDeviceTimeoutSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.device_timeout_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultRestartSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.restart_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitInterval", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.start_limit_interval}, /* obsolete alias */ + { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitIntervalSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.start_limit_interval}, + { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitBurst", config_parse_unsigned, 0, &arg_defaults.start_limit_burst }, + { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment", config_parse_environ, arg_runtime_scope, &arg_default_environment }, + { "Manager", "ManagerEnvironment", config_parse_environ, arg_runtime_scope, &arg_manager_environment }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_CPU, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_FSIZE, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_DATA, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_STACK, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_CORE, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RSS, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NOFILE, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_AS, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NPROC, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_LOCKS, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NICE, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RTTIME, arg_defaults.rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultCPUAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_defaults.cpu_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultIOAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_defaults.io_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultIPAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_defaults.ip_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultBlockIOAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_defaults.blockio_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultMemoryAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_defaults.memory_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTasksAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_defaults.tasks_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTasksMax", config_parse_tasks_max, 0, &arg_defaults.tasks_max }, + { "Manager", "DefaultMemoryPressureThresholdSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_defaults.memory_pressure_threshold_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultMemoryPressureWatch", config_parse_memory_pressure_watch, 0, &arg_defaults.memory_pressure_watch }, + { "Manager", "CtrlAltDelBurstAction", config_parse_emergency_action, arg_runtime_scope, &arg_cad_burst_action }, + { "Manager", "DefaultOOMPolicy", config_parse_oom_policy, 0, &arg_defaults.oom_policy }, + { "Manager", "DefaultOOMScoreAdjust", config_parse_oom_score_adjust, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "ReloadLimitIntervalSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_reload_limit_interval_sec }, + { "Manager", "ReloadLimitBurst", config_parse_unsigned, 0, &arg_reload_limit_burst }, +#if ENABLE_SMACK + { "Manager", "DefaultSmackProcessLabel", config_parse_string, 0, &arg_defaults.smack_process_label }, +#else + { "Manager", "DefaultSmackProcessLabel", config_parse_warn_compat, DISABLED_CONFIGURATION, NULL }, +#endif + {} + }; + + if (arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM) + (void) config_parse_config_file("system.conf", + "Manager\0", + config_item_table_lookup, items, + CONFIG_PARSE_WARN, + NULL); + else { + _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL, **dirs = NULL; + int r; + + assert(arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER); + + r = manager_find_user_config_paths(&files, &dirs); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine config file paths: %m"); + + (void) config_parse_many( + (const char* const*) files, + (const char* const*) dirs, + "user.conf.d", + /* root = */ NULL, + "Manager\0", + config_item_table_lookup, items, + CONFIG_PARSE_WARN, + NULL, NULL, NULL); + } + + /* Traditionally "0" was used to turn off the default unit timeouts. Fix this up so that we use + * USEC_INFINITY like everywhere else. */ + if (arg_defaults.timeout_start_usec <= 0) + arg_defaults.timeout_start_usec = USEC_INFINITY; + if (arg_defaults.timeout_stop_usec <= 0) + arg_defaults.timeout_stop_usec = USEC_INFINITY; + + return 0; +} + +static void set_manager_defaults(Manager *m) { + int r; + + assert(m); + + /* Propagates the various default unit property settings into the manager object, i.e. properties + * that do not affect the manager itself, but are just what newly allocated units will have set if + * they haven't set anything else. (Also see set_manager_settings() for the settings that affect the + * manager's own behaviour) */ + + r = manager_set_unit_defaults(m, &arg_defaults); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set manager defaults, ignoring: %m"); + + r = manager_default_environment(m); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set manager default environment, ignoring: %m"); + + r = manager_transient_environment_add(m, arg_default_environment); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to add to transient environment, ignoring: %m"); +} + +static void set_manager_settings(Manager *m) { + int r; + + assert(m); + + /* Propagates the various manager settings into the manager object, i.e. properties that + * effect the manager itself (as opposed to just being inherited into newly allocated + * units, see set_manager_defaults() above). */ + + m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn; + m->service_watchdogs = arg_service_watchdogs; + m->cad_burst_action = arg_cad_burst_action; + /* Note that we don't do structured initialization here, otherwise it will reset the rate limit + * counter on every daemon-reload. */ + m->reload_ratelimit.interval = arg_reload_limit_interval_sec; + m->reload_ratelimit.burst = arg_reload_limit_burst; + + manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_RUNTIME, arg_runtime_watchdog); + manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_REBOOT, arg_reboot_watchdog); + manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_KEXEC, arg_kexec_watchdog); + manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_PRETIMEOUT, arg_pretimeout_watchdog); + r = manager_set_watchdog_pretimeout_governor(m, arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set watchdog pretimeout governor to '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor); + + manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status, "command line"); + m->status_unit_format = arg_status_unit_format; +} + +static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) { + enum { + COMMON_GETOPT_ARGS, + SYSTEMD_GETOPT_ARGS, + }; + + static const struct option options[] = { + COMMON_GETOPT_OPTIONS, + SYSTEMD_GETOPT_OPTIONS, + {} + }; + + int c, r; + bool user_arg_seen = false; + + assert(argc >= 1); + assert(argv); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1) + opterr = 0; + + while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, SYSTEMD_GETOPT_SHORT_OPTIONS, options, NULL)) >= 0) + + switch (c) { + + case ARG_LOG_LEVEL: + r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log level \"%s\": %m", optarg); + + break; + + case ARG_LOG_TARGET: + r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log target \"%s\": %m", optarg); + + break; + + case ARG_LOG_COLOR: + + if (optarg) { + r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log color setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + } else + log_show_color(true); + + break; + + case ARG_LOG_LOCATION: + if (optarg) { + r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log location setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + } else + log_show_location(true); + + break; + + case ARG_LOG_TIME: + + if (optarg) { + r = log_show_time_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log time setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + } else + log_show_time(true); + + break; + + case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT: + r = exec_output_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard output setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_defaults.std_output = r; + break; + + case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR: + r = exec_output_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard error output setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_defaults.std_error = r; + break; + + case ARG_UNIT: + r = free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set default unit \"%s\": %m", optarg); + + break; + + case ARG_SYSTEM: + arg_runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM; + break; + + case ARG_USER: + arg_runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER; + user_arg_seen = true; + break; + + case ARG_TEST: + arg_action = ACTION_TEST; + break; + + case ARG_NO_PAGER: + arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE; + break; + + case ARG_VERSION: + arg_action = ACTION_VERSION; + break; + + case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS: + arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS; + break; + + case ARG_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES: + arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES; + break; + + case ARG_BUS_INTROSPECT: + arg_bus_introspect = optarg; + arg_action = ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT; + break; + + case ARG_DUMP_CORE: + r = parse_boolean_argument("--dump-core", optarg, &arg_dump_core); + if (r < 0) + return r; + break; + + case ARG_CRASH_CHVT: + r = parse_crash_chvt(optarg, &arg_crash_chvt); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash virtual terminal index: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + break; + + case ARG_CRASH_SHELL: + r = parse_boolean_argument("--crash-shell", optarg, &arg_crash_shell); + if (r < 0) + return r; + break; + + case ARG_CRASH_REBOOT: + r = parse_boolean_argument("--crash-reboot", optarg, &arg_crash_reboot); + if (r < 0) + return r; + break; + + case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN: + arg_confirm_spawn = mfree(arg_confirm_spawn); + + r = parse_confirm_spawn(optarg, &arg_confirm_spawn); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse confirm spawn option: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + break; + + case ARG_SERVICE_WATCHDOGS: + r = parse_boolean_argument("--service-watchdogs=", optarg, &arg_service_watchdogs); + if (r < 0) + return r; + break; + + case ARG_SHOW_STATUS: + if (optarg) { + r = parse_show_status(optarg, &arg_show_status); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse show status boolean: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + } else + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES; + break; + + case ARG_DESERIALIZE: { + int fd; + FILE *f; + + fd = parse_fd(optarg); + if (fd < 0) + return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to parse serialization fd \"%s\": %m", optarg); + + (void) fd_cloexec(fd, true); + + f = fdopen(fd, "r"); + if (!f) + return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open serialization fd %d: %m", fd); + + safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + arg_serialization = f; + + break; + } + + case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT: + arg_switched_root = true; + break; + + case ARG_MACHINE_ID: + r = id128_from_string_nonzero(optarg, &arg_machine_id); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "MachineID '%s' is not valid: %m", optarg); + break; + + case 'h': + arg_action = ACTION_HELP; + break; + + case 'D': + log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG); + break; + + case 'b': + case 's': + case 'z': + /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel cmdline args that we'll parse in + * parse_proc_cmdline_item() or ignore, without any getopt() error messages. + */ + case '?': + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return -EINVAL; + else + return 0; + + default: + assert_not_reached(); + } + + if (optind < argc && getpid_cached() != 1) + /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system let's complain about excess arguments */ + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Excess arguments."); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN && arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER && !user_arg_seen) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), + "Explicit --user argument required to run as user manager."); + + return 0; +} + +static int help(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL; + int r; + + r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd", "1", &link); + if (r < 0) + return log_oom(); + + printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n" + "%sStarts and monitors system and user services.%s\n\n" + "This program takes no positional arguments.\n\n" + "%sOptions%s:\n" + " -h --help Show this help\n" + " --version Show version\n" + " --test Determine initial transaction, dump it and exit\n" + " --system Combined with --test: operate in system mode\n" + " --user Combined with --test: operate in user mode\n" + " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n" + " --dump-bus-properties Dump exposed bus properties\n" + " --bus-introspect=PATH Write XML introspection data\n" + " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n" + " --dump-core[=BOOL] Dump core on crash\n" + " --crash-vt=NR Change to specified VT on crash\n" + " --crash-reboot[=BOOL] Reboot on crash\n" + " --crash-shell[=BOOL] Run shell on crash\n" + " --confirm-spawn[=BOOL] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n" + " --show-status[=BOOL] Show status updates on the console during boot\n" + " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, kmsg,\n" + " journal-or-kmsg, null)\n" + " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning,\n" + " err, crit, alert, emerg)\n" + " --log-color[=BOOL] Highlight important log messages\n" + " --log-location[=BOOL] Include code location in log messages\n" + " --log-time[=BOOL] Prefix log messages with current time\n" + " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n" + " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n" + " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n" + "\nSee the %s for details.\n", + program_invocation_short_name, + ansi_highlight(), + ansi_normal(), + ansi_underline(), + ansi_normal(), + link); + + return 0; +} + +static int prepare_reexecute( + Manager *m, + FILE **ret_f, + FDSet **ret_fds, + bool switching_root) { + + _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL; + _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL; + int r; + + assert(m); + assert(ret_f); + assert(ret_fds); + + r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create serialization file: %m"); + + /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */ + m->n_reloading++; + bus_manager_send_reloading(m, true); + + fds = fdset_new(); + if (!fds) + return log_oom(); + + r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, switching_root); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) + return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m"); + + r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %m"); + + r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %m"); + + *ret_f = TAKE_PTR(f); + *ret_fds = TAKE_PTR(fds); + + return 0; +} + +static void bump_file_max_and_nr_open(void) { + + /* Let's bump fs.file-max and fs.nr_open to their respective maximums. On current kernels large + * numbers of file descriptors are no longer a performance problem and their memory is properly + * tracked by memcg, thus counting them and limiting them in another two layers of limits is + * unnecessary and just complicates things. This function hence turns off 2 of the 4 levels of limits + * on file descriptors, and makes RLIMIT_NOLIMIT (soft + hard) the only ones that really matter. */ + +#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_FILE_MAX || BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_NR_OPEN + int r; +#endif + +#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_FILE_MAX + /* The maximum the kernel allows for this since 5.2 is LONG_MAX, use that. (Previously things were + * different, but the operation would fail silently.) */ + r = sysctl_write("fs/file-max", LONG_MAX_STR); + if (r < 0) + log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, + r, "Failed to bump fs.file-max, ignoring: %m"); +#endif + +#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_NR_OPEN + int v = INT_MAX; + + /* Argh! The kernel enforces maximum and minimum values on the fs.nr_open, but we don't really know + * what they are. The expression by which the maximum is determined is dependent on the architecture, + * and is something we don't really want to copy to userspace, as it is dependent on implementation + * details of the kernel. Since the kernel doesn't expose the maximum value to us, we can only try + * and hope. Hence, let's start with INT_MAX, and then keep halving the value until we find one that + * works. Ugly? Yes, absolutely, but kernel APIs are kernel APIs, so what do can we do... 🤯 */ + + for (;;) { + int k; + + v &= ~(__SIZEOF_POINTER__ - 1); /* Round down to next multiple of the pointer size */ + if (v < 1024) { + log_warning("Can't bump fs.nr_open, value too small."); + break; + } + + k = read_nr_open(); + if (k < 0) { + log_error_errno(k, "Failed to read fs.nr_open: %m"); + break; + } + if (k >= v) { /* Already larger */ + log_debug("Skipping bump, value is already larger."); + break; + } + + r = sysctl_writef("fs/nr_open", "%i", v); + if (r == -EINVAL) { + log_debug("Couldn't write fs.nr_open as %i, halving it.", v); + v /= 2; + continue; + } + if (r < 0) { + log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, "Failed to bump fs.nr_open, ignoring: %m"); + break; + } + + log_debug("Successfully bumped fs.nr_open to %i", v); + break; + } +#endif +} + +static int bump_rlimit_nofile(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) { + struct rlimit new_rlimit; + int r, nr; + + /* Get the underlying absolute limit the kernel enforces */ + nr = read_nr_open(); + + /* Calculate the new limits to use for us. Never lower from what we inherited. */ + new_rlimit = (struct rlimit) { + .rlim_cur = MAX((rlim_t) nr, saved_rlimit->rlim_cur), + .rlim_max = MAX((rlim_t) nr, saved_rlimit->rlim_max), + }; + + /* Shortcut if nothing changes. */ + if (saved_rlimit->rlim_max >= new_rlimit.rlim_max && + saved_rlimit->rlim_cur >= new_rlimit.rlim_cur) { + log_debug("RLIMIT_NOFILE is already as high or higher than we need it, not bumping."); + return 0; + } + + /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially, all the way to the maximum the kernel allows, for + * both hard and soft. */ + r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &new_rlimit); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed, ignoring: %m"); + + return 0; +} + +static int bump_rlimit_memlock(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) { + struct rlimit new_rlimit; + uint64_t mm; + int r; + + /* BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE bpf maps are charged against RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, even if we have CAP_IPC_LOCK + * which should normally disable such checks. We need them to implement IPAddressAllow= and + * IPAddressDeny=, hence let's bump the value high enough for our user. */ + + /* Using MAX() on resource limits only is safe if RLIM_INFINITY is > 0. POSIX declares that rlim_t + * must be unsigned, hence this is a given, but let's make this clear here. */ + assert_cc(RLIM_INFINITY > 0); + + mm = physical_memory_scale(1, 8); /* Let's scale how much we allow to be locked by the amount of + * physical RAM. We allow an eighth to be locked by us, just to + * pick a value. */ + + new_rlimit = (struct rlimit) { + .rlim_cur = MAX3(HIGH_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit->rlim_cur, mm), + .rlim_max = MAX3(HIGH_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit->rlim_max, mm), + }; + + if (saved_rlimit->rlim_max >= new_rlimit.rlim_cur && + saved_rlimit->rlim_cur >= new_rlimit.rlim_max) { + log_debug("RLIMIT_MEMLOCK is already as high or higher than we need it, not bumping."); + return 0; + } + + r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &new_rlimit); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Setting RLIMIT_MEMLOCK failed, ignoring: %m"); + + return 0; +} + +static void test_usr(void) { + + /* Check that /usr is either on the same file system as / or mounted already. */ + + if (dir_is_empty("/usr", /* ignore_hidden_or_backup= */ false) <= 0) + return; + + log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesystem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. " + "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. " + "Consult https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information."); +} + +static int enforce_syscall_archs(Set *archs) { +#if HAVE_SECCOMP + int r; + + if (!is_seccomp_available()) + return 0; + + r = seccomp_restrict_archs(arg_syscall_archs); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enforce system call architecture restrication: %m"); +#endif + return 0; +} + +static int os_release_status(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *name = NULL, *version = NULL, + *ansi_color = NULL, *support_end = NULL; + int r; + + r = parse_os_release(NULL, + "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name, + "NAME", &name, + "VERSION", &version, + "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color, + "SUPPORT_END", &support_end); + if (r < 0) + return log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, + "Failed to read os-release file, ignoring: %m"); + + const char *label = os_release_pretty_name(pretty_name, name); + + if (show_status_on(arg_show_status)) { + if (log_get_show_color()) + status_printf(NULL, 0, + "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n", + empty_to_null(ansi_color) ?: "1", + label); + else + status_printf(NULL, 0, + "\nWelcome to %s!\n", + label); + } + + if (support_end && os_release_support_ended(support_end, /* quiet */ false, NULL) > 0) + /* pretty_name may include the version already, so we'll print the version only if we + * have it and we're not using pretty_name. */ + status_printf(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED " !! " ANSI_NORMAL, 0, + "This OS version (%s%s%s) is past its end-of-support date (%s)", + label, + (pretty_name || !version) ? "" : " version ", + (pretty_name || !version) ? "" : version, + support_end); + + return 0; +} + +static int setup_os_release(RuntimeScope scope) { + _cleanup_free_ char *os_release_dst = NULL; + const char *os_release_src = "/etc/os-release"; + int r; + + if (access("/etc/os-release", F_OK) < 0) { + if (errno != ENOENT) + log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to check if /etc/os-release exists, ignoring: %m"); + + os_release_src = "/usr/lib/os-release"; + } + + if (scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM) { + os_release_dst = strdup("/run/systemd/propagate/.os-release-stage/os-release"); + if (!os_release_dst) + return log_oom_debug(); + } else { + if (asprintf(&os_release_dst, "/run/user/" UID_FMT "/systemd/propagate/.os-release-stage/os-release", geteuid()) < 0) + return log_oom_debug(); + } + + r = mkdir_parents_label(os_release_dst, 0755); + if (r < 0) + return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to create parent directory of %s, ignoring: %m", os_release_dst); + + r = copy_file_atomic(os_release_src, os_release_dst, 0644, COPY_MAC_CREATE|COPY_REPLACE); + if (r < 0) + return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to create %s, ignoring: %m", os_release_dst); + + return 0; +} + +static int write_container_id(void) { + const char *c; + int r = 0; /* avoid false maybe-uninitialized warning */ + + c = getenv("container"); + if (isempty(c)) + return 0; + + WITH_UMASK(0022) + r = write_string_file("/run/systemd/container", c, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write /run/systemd/container, ignoring: %m"); + + return 1; +} + +static int bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *qlen = NULL; + unsigned long v; + int r; + + /* Let's bump the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen sysctl. The kernel default of 16 is simply too low. We set + * the value really really early during boot, so that it is actually applied to all our sockets, + * including the $NOTIFY_SOCKET one. */ + + r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", &qlen); + if (r < 0) + return log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, + "Failed to read AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m"); + + r = safe_atolu(qlen, &v); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse AF_UNIX datagram queue length '%s', ignoring: %m", qlen); + + if (v >= DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN) + return 0; + + r = sysctl_write("net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", STRINGIFY(DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN)); + if (r < 0) + return log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, + "Failed to bump AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m"); + + return 1; +} + +static int fixup_environment(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *term = NULL; + const char *t; + int r; + + /* Only fix up the environment when we are started as PID 1 */ + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return 0; + + /* We expect the environment to be set correctly if run inside a container. */ + if (detect_container() > 0) + return 0; + + /* When started as PID1, the kernel uses /dev/console for our stdios and uses TERM=linux whatever the + * backend device used by the console. We try to make a better guess here since some consoles might + * not have support for color mode for example. + * + * However if TERM was configured through the kernel command line then leave it alone. */ + r = proc_cmdline_get_key("TERM", 0, &term); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + if (r == 0) { + r = proc_cmdline_get_key("systemd.tty.term.console", 0, &term); + if (r < 0) + return r; + } + + t = term ?: default_term_for_tty("/dev/console"); + + if (setenv("TERM", t, 1) < 0) + return -errno; + + /* The kernels sets HOME=/ for init. Let's undo this. */ + if (path_equal_ptr(getenv("HOME"), "/")) + assert_se(unsetenv("HOME") == 0); + + return 0; +} + +static void redirect_telinit(int argc, char *argv[]) { + + /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */ + +#if HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT + if (getpid_cached() == 1) + return; + + if (!invoked_as(argv, "init")) + return; + + execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv); + log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m"); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +#endif +} + +static int become_shutdown(int objective, int retval) { + static const char* const table[_MANAGER_OBJECTIVE_MAX] = { + [MANAGER_EXIT] = "exit", + [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot", + [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff", + [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt", + [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec", + }; + + char log_level[STRLEN("--log-level=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)], + timeout[STRLEN("--timeout=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t) + STRLEN("us")], + exit_code[STRLEN("--exit-code=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint8_t)]; + + _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env_block = NULL; + usec_t watchdog_timer = 0; + int r; + + assert(objective >= 0 && objective < _MANAGER_OBJECTIVE_MAX); + assert(table[objective]); + + xsprintf(log_level, "--log-level=%d", log_get_max_level()); + xsprintf(timeout, "--timeout=%" PRI_USEC "us", arg_defaults.timeout_stop_usec); + + const char* command_line[10] = { + SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, + table[objective], + log_level, + timeout, + /* Note that the last position is a terminator and must contain NULL. */ + }; + size_t pos = 4; + + assert(command_line[pos-1]); + assert(!command_line[pos]); + + switch (log_get_target()) { + + case LOG_TARGET_KMSG: + case LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG: + case LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG: + command_line[pos++] = "--log-target=kmsg"; + break; + + case LOG_TARGET_NULL: + command_line[pos++] = "--log-target=null"; + break; + + case LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE: + default: + command_line[pos++] = "--log-target=console"; + break; + }; + + if (log_get_show_color()) + command_line[pos++] = "--log-color"; + + if (log_get_show_location()) + command_line[pos++] = "--log-location"; + + if (log_get_show_time()) + command_line[pos++] = "--log-time"; + + xsprintf(exit_code, "--exit-code=%d", retval); + command_line[pos++] = exit_code; + + assert(pos < ELEMENTSOF(command_line)); + + /* The watchdog: */ + + if (objective == MANAGER_REBOOT) + watchdog_timer = arg_reboot_watchdog; + else if (objective == MANAGER_KEXEC) + watchdog_timer = arg_kexec_watchdog; + + /* If we reboot or kexec let's set the shutdown watchdog and tell the + * shutdown binary to repeatedly ping it. + * Disable the pretimeout watchdog, as we do not support it from the shutdown binary. */ + (void) watchdog_setup_pretimeout(0); + (void) watchdog_setup_pretimeout_governor(NULL); + r = watchdog_setup(watchdog_timer); + watchdog_close(r < 0); + + /* The environment block: */ + + env_block = strv_copy(environ); + + /* Tell the binary how often to ping, ignore failure */ + (void) strv_extendf(&env_block, "WATCHDOG_USEC="USEC_FMT, watchdog_timer); + + if (arg_watchdog_device) + (void) strv_extendf(&env_block, "WATCHDOG_DEVICE=%s", arg_watchdog_device); + + /* Avoid the creation of new processes forked by the kernel; at this + * point, we will not listen to the signals anyway */ + if (detect_container() <= 0) + (void) cg_uninstall_release_agent(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER); + + execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block); + return -errno; +} + +static void initialize_clock(void) { + int r; + + /* This is called very early on, before we parse the kernel command line or otherwise figure out why + * we are running, but only once. */ + + if (clock_is_localtime(NULL) > 0) { + int min; + + /* The very first call of settimeofday() also does a time warp in the kernel. + * + * In the rtc-in-local time mode, we set the kernel's timezone, and rely on external tools to + * take care of maintaining the RTC and do all adjustments. This matches the behavior of + * Windows, which leaves the RTC alone if the registry tells that the RTC runs in UTC. + */ + r = clock_set_timezone(&min); + if (r < 0) + log_error_errno(r, "Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %m"); + else + log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min); + + } else if (!in_initrd()) + /* + * Do a dummy very first call to seal the kernel's time warp magic. + * + * Do not call this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not carry /etc/adjtime with + * LOCAL, but the real system could be set up that way. In such case, we need to delay the + * time-warp or the sealing until we reach the real system. + * + * Do no set the kernel's timezone. The concept of local time cannot be supported reliably, + * the time will jump or be incorrect at every daylight saving time change. All kernel local + * time concepts will be treated as UTC that way. + */ + (void) clock_reset_timewarp(); + + ClockChangeDirection change_dir; + r = clock_apply_epoch(&change_dir); + if (r > 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_FORWARD) + log_info("System time before build time, advancing clock."); + else if (r > 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_BACKWARD) + log_info("System time is further ahead than %s after build time, resetting clock to build time.", + FORMAT_TIMESPAN(CLOCK_VALID_RANGE_USEC_MAX, USEC_PER_DAY)); + else if (r < 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_FORWARD) + log_error_errno(r, "Current system time is before build time, but cannot correct: %m"); + else if (r < 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_BACKWARD) + log_error_errno(r, "Current system time is further ahead %s after build time, but cannot correct: %m", + FORMAT_TIMESPAN(CLOCK_VALID_RANGE_USEC_MAX, USEC_PER_DAY)); +} + +static void apply_clock_update(void) { + /* This is called later than initialize_clock(), i.e. after we parsed configuration files/kernel + * command line and such. */ + + if (arg_clock_usec == 0) + return; + + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return; + + if (clock_settime(CLOCK_REALTIME, TIMESPEC_STORE(arg_clock_usec)) < 0) + log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set system clock to time specified on kernel command line: %m"); + else + log_info("Set system clock to %s, as specified on the kernel command line.", + FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(arg_clock_usec)); +} + +static void cmdline_take_random_seed(void) { + size_t suggested; + int r; + + if (arg_random_seed_size == 0) + return; + + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return; + + assert(arg_random_seed); + suggested = random_pool_size(); + + if (arg_random_seed_size < suggested) + log_warning("Random seed specified on kernel command line has size %zu, but %zu bytes required to fill entropy pool.", + arg_random_seed_size, suggested); + + r = random_write_entropy(-1, arg_random_seed, arg_random_seed_size, true); + if (r < 0) { + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to credit entropy specified on kernel command line, ignoring: %m"); + return; + } + + log_notice("Successfully credited entropy passed on kernel command line.\n" + "Note that the seed provided this way is accessible to unprivileged programs. " + "This functionality should not be used outside of testing environments."); +} + +static void initialize_coredump(bool skip_setup) { + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return; + + /* Don't limit the core dump size, so that coredump handlers such as systemd-coredump (which honour + * the limit) will process core dumps for system services by default. */ + if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY)) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to set RLIMIT_CORE: %m"); + + /* But at the same time, turn off the core_pattern logic by default, so that no coredumps are stored + * until the systemd-coredump tool is enabled via sysctl. However it can be changed via the kernel + * command line later so core dumps can still be generated during early startup and in initrd. */ + if (!skip_setup) + disable_coredumps(); +} + +static void initialize_core_pattern(bool skip_setup) { + int r; + + if (skip_setup || !arg_early_core_pattern) + return; + + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return; + + r = write_string_file("/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern", arg_early_core_pattern, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write '%s' to /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern, ignoring: %m", + arg_early_core_pattern); +} + +static void update_cpu_affinity(bool skip_setup) { + _cleanup_free_ char *mask = NULL; + + if (skip_setup || !arg_cpu_affinity.set) + return; + + assert(arg_cpu_affinity.allocated > 0); + + mask = cpu_set_to_range_string(&arg_cpu_affinity); + log_debug("Setting CPU affinity to {%s}.", strnull(mask)); + + if (sched_setaffinity(0, arg_cpu_affinity.allocated, arg_cpu_affinity.set) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to set CPU affinity, ignoring: %m"); +} + +static void update_numa_policy(bool skip_setup) { + int r; + _cleanup_free_ char *nodes = NULL; + const char * policy = NULL; + + if (skip_setup || !mpol_is_valid(numa_policy_get_type(&arg_numa_policy))) + return; + + if (DEBUG_LOGGING) { + policy = mpol_to_string(numa_policy_get_type(&arg_numa_policy)); + nodes = cpu_set_to_range_string(&arg_numa_policy.nodes); + log_debug("Setting NUMA policy to %s, with nodes {%s}.", strnull(policy), strnull(nodes)); + } + + r = apply_numa_policy(&arg_numa_policy); + if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP) + log_debug_errno(r, "NUMA support not available, ignoring."); + else if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set NUMA memory policy, ignoring: %m"); +} + +static void filter_args( + const char* dst[], + size_t *dst_index, + char **src, + int argc) { + + assert(dst); + assert(dst_index); + + /* Copy some filtered arguments into the dst array from src. */ + for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) { + if (STR_IN_SET(src[i], + "--switched-root", + "--system", + "--user")) + continue; + + if (startswith(src[i], "--deserialize=")) + continue; + if (streq(src[i], "--deserialize")) { + i++; /* Skip the argument too */ + continue; + } + + /* Skip target unit designators. We already acted upon this information and have queued + * appropriate jobs. We don't want to redo all this after reexecution. */ + if (startswith(src[i], "--unit=")) + continue; + if (streq(src[i], "--unit")) { + i++; /* Skip the argument too */ + continue; + } + + /* Seems we have a good old option. Let's pass it over to the new instance. */ + dst[(*dst_index)++] = src[i]; + } +} + +static void finish_remaining_processes(ManagerObjective objective) { + assert(objective >= 0 && objective < _MANAGER_OBJECTIVE_MAX); + + /* Kill all remaining processes from the initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we can handle the + * SIGCHLD for them after deserializing. */ + if (IN_SET(objective, MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT, MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT)) + broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, /* wait_for_exit= */ false, /* send_sighup= */ true, arg_defaults.timeout_stop_usec); + + /* On soft reboot really make sure nothing is left. Note that this will skip cgroups + * of units that were configured with SurviveFinalKillSignal=yes. */ + if (objective == MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT) + broadcast_signal(SIGKILL, /* wait_for_exit= */ false, /* send_sighup= */ false, arg_defaults.timeout_stop_usec); +} + +static int do_reexecute( + ManagerObjective objective, + int argc, + char* argv[], + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock, + FDSet *fds, + const char *switch_root_dir, + const char *switch_root_init, + const char **ret_error_message) { + + size_t i, args_size; + const char **args; + int r; + + assert(IN_SET(objective, MANAGER_REEXECUTE, MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT, MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT)); + assert(argc >= 0); + assert(saved_rlimit_nofile); + assert(saved_rlimit_memlock); + assert(ret_error_message); + + if (switch_root_init) { + r = chase(switch_root_init, switch_root_dir, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, NULL, NULL); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to chase configured init %s/%s: %m", + strempty(switch_root_dir), switch_root_init); + } else { + r = chase(SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH, switch_root_dir, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, NULL, NULL); + if (r < 0) + log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to chase our own binary %s/%s: %m", + strempty(switch_root_dir), SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH); + } + + if (r < 0) { + r = chase("/sbin/init", switch_root_dir, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, NULL, NULL); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to chase %s/sbin/init", strempty(switch_root_dir)); + } + + /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get + * rebooted while we do that */ + watchdog_close(true); + + /* Reset RLIMIT_NOFILE + RLIMIT_MEMLOCK back to the kernel defaults, so that the new systemd can pass + * the kernel default to its child processes */ + if (saved_rlimit_nofile->rlim_cur != 0) + (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit_nofile); + if (saved_rlimit_memlock->rlim_cur != RLIM_INFINITY) + (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit_memlock); + + finish_remaining_processes(objective); + + if (!switch_root_dir && objective == MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT) { + /* If no switch root dir is specified, then check if /run/nextroot/ qualifies and use that */ + r = path_is_os_tree("/run/nextroot"); + if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT) + log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine if /run/nextroot/ is a valid OS tree, ignoring: %m"); + else if (r > 0) + switch_root_dir = "/run/nextroot"; + } + + if (switch_root_dir) { + r = switch_root(/* new_root= */ switch_root_dir, + /* old_root_after= */ NULL, + /* flags= */ (objective == MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT ? SWITCH_ROOT_DESTROY_OLD_ROOT : 0) | + (objective == MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT ? 0 : SWITCH_ROOT_RECURSIVE_RUN)); + if (r < 0) + log_error_errno(r, "Failed to switch root, trying to continue: %m"); + } + + args_size = argc + 5; + args = newa(const char*, args_size); + + if (!switch_root_init) { + char sfd[STRLEN("--deserialize=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)]; + + /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right path, and with full serialization. We do this + * only if the user didn't specify an explicit init to spawn. */ + + assert(arg_serialization); + assert(fds); + + xsprintf(sfd, "--deserialize=%i", fileno(arg_serialization)); + + i = 1; /* Leave args[0] empty for now. */ + + /* Put our stuff first to make sure it always gets parsed in case + * we get weird stuff from the kernel cmdline (like --) */ + if (IN_SET(objective, MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT, MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT)) + args[i++] = "--switched-root"; + args[i++] = runtime_scope_cmdline_option_to_string(arg_runtime_scope); + args[i++] = sfd; + + filter_args(args, &i, argv, argc); + + args[i++] = NULL; + + assert(i <= args_size); + + /* + * We want valgrind to print its memory usage summary before reexecution. Valgrind won't do + * this is on its own on exec(), but it will do it on exit(). Hence, to ensure we get a + * summary here, fork() off a child, let it exit() cleanly, so that it prints the summary, + * and wait() for it in the parent, before proceeding into the exec(). + */ + valgrind_summary_hack(); + + args[0] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH; + (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args); + + if (objective == MANAGER_REEXECUTE) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to execute our own binary"; + return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute our own binary %s: %m", args[0]); + } + + log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to execute our own binary %s, trying fallback: %m", args[0]); + } + + /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any serialization. We pass the original argv[] and + * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[], + * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */ + + arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + fds = fdset_free(fds); + + /* Reopen the console */ + (void) make_console_stdio(); + + i = 1; /* Leave args[0] empty for now. */ + for (int j = 1; j <= argc; j++) + args[i++] = argv[j]; + assert(i <= args_size); + + /* Re-enable any blocked signals, especially important if we switch from initrd to init=... */ + (void) reset_all_signal_handlers(); + (void) reset_signal_mask(); + (void) rlimit_nofile_safe(); + + if (switch_root_init) { + args[0] = switch_root_init; + (void) execve(args[0], (char* const*) args, saved_env); + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to execute configured init %s, trying fallback: %m", args[0]); + } + + args[0] = "/sbin/init"; + (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args); + r = -errno; + + manager_status_printf(NULL, STATUS_TYPE_EMERGENCY, + ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED " !! " ANSI_NORMAL, + "Failed to execute /sbin/init"); + + *ret_error_message = "Failed to execute fallback shell"; + if (r == -ENOENT) { + log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback"); + + args[0] = "/bin/sh"; + args[1] = NULL; + (void) execve(args[0], (char* const*) args, saved_env); + return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m"); + } else + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m"); +} + +static int invoke_main_loop( + Manager *m, + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock, + int *ret_retval, /* Return parameters relevant for shutting down */ + FDSet **ret_fds, /* Return parameters for reexecuting */ + char **ret_switch_root_dir, /* … */ + char **ret_switch_root_init, /* … */ + const char **ret_error_message) { + + int r; + + assert(m); + assert(saved_rlimit_nofile); + assert(saved_rlimit_memlock); + assert(ret_retval); + assert(ret_fds); + assert(ret_switch_root_dir); + assert(ret_switch_root_init); + assert(ret_error_message); + + for (;;) { + int objective = manager_loop(m); + if (objective < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to run main loop"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, objective, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to run main loop: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_MAINLOOP_FAILED_STR); + } + + switch (objective) { + + case MANAGER_RELOAD: { + LogTarget saved_log_target; + int saved_log_level; + + manager_send_reloading(m); + + log_info("Reloading..."); + + /* First, save any overridden log level/target, then parse the configuration file, + * which might change the log level to new settings. */ + + saved_log_level = m->log_level_overridden ? log_get_max_level() : -1; + saved_log_target = m->log_target_overridden ? log_get_target() : _LOG_TARGET_INVALID; + + (void) parse_configuration(saved_rlimit_nofile, saved_rlimit_memlock); + + set_manager_defaults(m); + set_manager_settings(m); + + update_cpu_affinity(false); + update_numa_policy(false); + + if (saved_log_level >= 0) + manager_override_log_level(m, saved_log_level); + if (saved_log_target >= 0) + manager_override_log_target(m, saved_log_target); + + if (manager_reload(m) < 0) + /* Reloading failed before the point of no return. + * Let's continue running as if nothing happened. */ + m->objective = MANAGER_OK; + else + log_info("Reloading finished in " USEC_FMT " ms.", + usec_sub_unsigned(now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC), m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_UNITS_LOAD].monotonic) / USEC_PER_MSEC); + + continue; + } + + case MANAGER_REEXECUTE: + + manager_send_reloading(m); /* From the perspective of the manager calling us this is + * pretty much the same as a reload */ + + r = prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, ret_fds, false); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution"; + return r; + } + + log_notice("Reexecuting."); + + *ret_retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL; + + return objective; + + case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT: + + manager_send_reloading(m); /* From the perspective of the manager calling us this is + * pretty much the same as a reload */ + + manager_set_switching_root(m, true); + + if (!m->switch_root_init) { + r = prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, ret_fds, true); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution"; + return r; + } + } else + *ret_fds = NULL; + + log_notice("Switching root."); + + *ret_retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + + /* Steal the switch root parameters */ + *ret_switch_root_dir = TAKE_PTR(m->switch_root); + *ret_switch_root_init = TAKE_PTR(m->switch_root_init); + + return objective; + + case MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT: + manager_send_reloading(m); + manager_set_switching_root(m, true); + + r = prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, ret_fds, /* switching_root= */ true); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution"; + return r; + } + + log_notice("Soft-rebooting."); + + *ret_retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + *ret_switch_root_dir = TAKE_PTR(m->switch_root); + *ret_switch_root_init = NULL; + + return objective; + + case MANAGER_EXIT: + if (MANAGER_IS_USER(m)) { + log_debug("Exit."); + + *ret_retval = m->return_value; + *ret_fds = NULL; + *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL; + + return objective; + } + + _fallthrough_; + case MANAGER_REBOOT: + case MANAGER_POWEROFF: + case MANAGER_HALT: + case MANAGER_KEXEC: { + log_notice("Shutting down."); + + *ret_retval = m->return_value; + *ret_fds = NULL; + *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL; + + return objective; + } + + default: + assert_not_reached(); + } + } +} + +static void log_execution_mode(bool *ret_first_boot) { + bool first_boot = false; + int r; + + assert(ret_first_boot); + + switch (arg_runtime_scope) { + + case RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM: { + struct utsname uts; + int v; + + log_info("systemd " GIT_VERSION " running in %ssystem mode (%s)", + arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? "test " : "", + systemd_features); + + v = detect_virtualization(); + if (v > 0) + log_info("Detected virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(v)); + + v = detect_confidential_virtualization(); + if (v > 0) + log_info("Detected confidential virtualization %s.", confidential_virtualization_to_string(v)); + + log_info("Detected architecture %s.", architecture_to_string(uname_architecture())); + + if (in_initrd()) + log_info("Running in initrd."); + else { + _cleanup_free_ char *id_text = NULL; + + /* Let's check whether we are in first boot. First, check if an override was + * specified on the kernel command line. If yes, we honour that. */ + + r = proc_cmdline_get_bool("systemd.condition-first-boot", /* flags = */ 0, &first_boot); + if (r < 0) + log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.condition-first-boot= kernel command line argument, ignoring: %m"); + + if (r > 0) + log_full(first_boot ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG, + "Kernel command line argument says we are %s first boot.", + first_boot ? "in" : "not in"); + else { + /* Second, perform autodetection. We use /etc/machine-id as flag file for + * this: If it is missing or contains the value "uninitialized", this is the + * first boot. In other cases, it is not. This allows container managers and + * installers to provision a couple of files in /etc but still permit the + * first-boot initialization to occur. If the container manager wants to + * provision the machine ID it should pass $container_uuid to PID 1. */ + + r = read_one_line_file("/etc/machine-id", &id_text); + if (r < 0 || streq(id_text, "uninitialized")) { + if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT) + log_warning_errno(r, "Unexpected error while reading /etc/machine-id, assuming first boot: %m"); + + first_boot = true; + log_info("Detected first boot."); + } else + log_debug("Detected initialized system, this is not the first boot."); + } + } + + assert_se(uname(&uts) >= 0); + + if (strverscmp_improved(uts.release, KERNEL_BASELINE_VERSION) < 0) + log_warning("Warning! Reported kernel version %s is older than systemd's required baseline kernel version %s. " + "Your mileage may vary.", uts.release, KERNEL_BASELINE_VERSION); + else + log_debug("Kernel version %s, our baseline is %s", uts.release, KERNEL_BASELINE_VERSION); + + break; + } + + case RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER: + if (DEBUG_LOGGING) { + _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL; + + t = uid_to_name(getuid()); + log_debug("systemd " GIT_VERSION " running in %suser mode for user " UID_FMT "/%s. (%s)", + arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? " test" : "", + getuid(), strna(t), systemd_features); + } + + break; + + default: + assert_not_reached(); + } + + *ret_first_boot = first_boot; +} + +static int initialize_runtime( + bool skip_setup, + bool first_boot, + struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock, + const char **ret_error_message) { + int r; + + assert(ret_error_message); + + /* Sets up various runtime parameters. Many of these initializations are conditionalized: + * + * - Some only apply to --system instances + * - Some only apply to --user instances + * - Some only apply when we first start up, but not when we reexecute + */ + + if (arg_action != ACTION_RUN) + return 0; + + update_cpu_affinity(skip_setup); + update_numa_policy(skip_setup); + + switch (arg_runtime_scope) { + + case RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM: + /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicking the kernel. */ + install_crash_handler(); + + if (!skip_setup) { + r = mount_cgroup_controllers(); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to mount cgroup hierarchies"; + return r; + } + + /* Pull credentials from various sources into a common credential directory (we do + * this here, before setting up the machine ID, so that we can use credential info + * for setting up the machine ID) */ + (void) import_credentials(); + + (void) os_release_status(); + (void) hostname_setup(true); + /* Force transient machine-id on first boot. */ + machine_id_setup(/* root= */ NULL, /* force_transient= */ first_boot, arg_machine_id, /* ret_machine_id */ NULL); + (void) loopback_setup(); + bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen(); + bump_file_max_and_nr_open(); + test_usr(); + write_container_id(); + + /* Copy os-release to the propagate directory, so that we update it for services running + * under RootDirectory=/RootImage= when we do a soft reboot. */ + r = setup_os_release(RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to copy os-release for propagation, ignoring: %m"); + } + + r = watchdog_set_device(arg_watchdog_device); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set watchdog device to %s, ignoring: %m", arg_watchdog_device); + + break; + + case RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER: { + _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL; + + /* Create the runtime directory and place the inaccessible device nodes there, if we run in + * user mode. In system mode mount_setup() already did that. */ + + r = xdg_user_runtime_dir(&p, "/systemd"); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to determine $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR path: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_NO_XDGDIR_PATH_STR); + } + + (void) mkdir_p_label(p, 0755); + (void) make_inaccessible_nodes(p, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID); + r = setup_os_release(RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to copy os-release for propagation, ignoring: %m"); + break; + } + + default: + assert_not_reached(); + } + + if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != NSEC_INFINITY) + if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to adjust timer slack, ignoring: %m"); + + if (arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM) { + + if (!cap_test_all(arg_capability_bounding_set)) { + r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_CAPABILITY_BOUNDING_USER_STR); + } + + r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set, true); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_CAPABILITY_BOUNDING_STR); + } + } + + if (arg_no_new_privs) { + if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to disable new privileges"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, errno, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to disable new privileges: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_DISABLE_PRIVILEGES_STR); + } + } + } + + if (arg_syscall_archs) { + r = enforce_syscall_archs(arg_syscall_archs); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to set syscall architectures"; + return r; + } + } + + r = make_reaper_process(true); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to make us a subreaper, ignoring: %m"); + + /* Bump up RLIMIT_NOFILE for systemd itself */ + (void) bump_rlimit_nofile(saved_rlimit_nofile); + (void) bump_rlimit_memlock(saved_rlimit_memlock); + + return 0; +} + +static int do_queue_default_job( + Manager *m, + const char **ret_error_message) { + + _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL; + const char *unit; + Job *job; + Unit *target; + int r; + + if (arg_default_unit) + unit = arg_default_unit; + else if (in_initrd()) + unit = SPECIAL_INITRD_TARGET; + else + unit = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET; + + log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", unit); + + r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, unit, NULL, &target); + if (r < 0 && in_initrd() && !arg_default_unit) { + /* Fall back to default.target, which we used to always use by default. Only do this if no + * explicit configuration was given. */ + + log_info("Falling back to " SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET "."); + + r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, NULL, &target); + } + if (r < 0) { + log_info("Falling back to " SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET "."); + + r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &target); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = r == -ERFKILL ? SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET " masked" + : "Failed to load " SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET; + return r; + } + } + + assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED); + + r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_ISOLATE, NULL, &error, &job); + if (r == -EPERM) { + log_debug_errno(r, "Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r)); + + sd_bus_error_free(&error); + + r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, NULL, &error, &job); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to start default target"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r)), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_START_TARGET_FAILED_STR); + } + + } else if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to isolate default target"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to isolate default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r)), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_ISOLATE_TARGET_FAILED_STR); + } else + log_info("Queued %s job for default target %s.", + job_type_to_string(job->type), + unit_status_string(job->unit, NULL)); + + m->default_unit_job_id = job->id; + + return 0; +} + +static void save_rlimits(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock) { + + assert(saved_rlimit_nofile); + assert(saved_rlimit_memlock); + + if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit_nofile) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed, ignoring: %m"); + + if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit_memlock) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Reading RLIMIT_MEMLOCK failed, ignoring: %m"); +} + +static void fallback_rlimit_nofile(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile) { + struct rlimit *rl; + + if (arg_defaults.rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) + return; + + /* Make sure forked processes get limits based on the original kernel setting */ + + rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit_nofile, 1); + if (!rl) { + log_oom(); + return; + } + + /* Bump the hard limit for system services to a substantially higher value. The default + * hard limit current kernels set is pretty low (4K), mostly for historical + * reasons. According to kernel developers, the fd handling in recent kernels has been + * optimized substantially enough, so that we can bump the limit now, without paying too + * high a price in memory or performance. Note however that we only bump the hard limit, + * not the soft limit. That's because select() works the way it works, and chokes on fds + * >= 1024. If we'd bump the soft limit globally, it might accidentally happen to + * unexpecting programs that they get fds higher than what they can process using + * select(). By only bumping the hard limit but leaving the low limit as it is we avoid + * this pitfall: programs that are written by folks aware of the select() problem in mind + * (and thus use poll()/epoll instead of select(), the way everybody should) can + * explicitly opt into high fds by bumping their soft limit beyond 1024, to the hard limit + * we pass. */ + if (arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM) { + int nr; + + /* Get the underlying absolute limit the kernel enforces */ + nr = read_nr_open(); + + rl->rlim_max = MIN((rlim_t) nr, MAX(rl->rlim_max, (rlim_t) HIGH_RLIMIT_NOFILE)); + } + + /* If for some reason we were invoked with a soft limit above 1024 (which should never + * happen!, but who knows what we get passed in from pam_limit when invoked as --user + * instance), then lower what we pass on to not confuse our children */ + rl->rlim_cur = MIN(rl->rlim_cur, (rlim_t) FD_SETSIZE); + + arg_defaults.rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl; +} + +static void fallback_rlimit_memlock(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock) { + struct rlimit *rl; + + /* Pass the original value down to invoked processes */ + + if (arg_defaults.rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]) + return; + + rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit_memlock, 1); + if (!rl) { + log_oom(); + return; + } + + if (arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM) { + /* Raise the default limit to 8M also on old kernels and in containers (8M is the kernel + * default for this since kernel 5.16) */ + rl->rlim_max = MAX(rl->rlim_max, (rlim_t) DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK); + rl->rlim_cur = MAX(rl->rlim_cur, (rlim_t) DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK); + } + + arg_defaults.rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = rl; +} + +static void setenv_manager_environment(void) { + int r; + + STRV_FOREACH(p, arg_manager_environment) { + log_debug("Setting '%s' in our own environment.", *p); + + r = putenv_dup(*p, true); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to setenv \"%s\", ignoring: %m", *p); + } +} + +static void reset_arguments(void) { + /* Frees/resets arg_* variables, with a few exceptions commented below. */ + + arg_default_unit = mfree(arg_default_unit); + + /* arg_runtime_scope — ignore */ + + arg_dump_core = true; + arg_crash_chvt = -1; + arg_crash_shell = false; + arg_crash_reboot = false; + arg_confirm_spawn = mfree(arg_confirm_spawn); + arg_show_status = _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID; + arg_status_unit_format = STATUS_UNIT_FORMAT_DEFAULT; + arg_switched_root = false; + arg_pager_flags = 0; + arg_service_watchdogs = true; + + unit_defaults_done(&arg_defaults); + unit_defaults_init(&arg_defaults, arg_runtime_scope); + + arg_runtime_watchdog = 0; + arg_reboot_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE; + arg_kexec_watchdog = 0; + arg_pretimeout_watchdog = 0; + arg_early_core_pattern = mfree(arg_early_core_pattern); + arg_watchdog_device = mfree(arg_watchdog_device); + arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor = mfree(arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor); + + arg_default_environment = strv_free(arg_default_environment); + arg_manager_environment = strv_free(arg_manager_environment); + + arg_capability_bounding_set = CAP_MASK_UNSET; + arg_no_new_privs = false; + arg_timer_slack_nsec = NSEC_INFINITY; + + arg_syscall_archs = set_free(arg_syscall_archs); + + /* arg_serialization — ignore */ + + arg_machine_id = (sd_id128_t) {}; + arg_cad_burst_action = EMERGENCY_ACTION_REBOOT_FORCE; + + cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_affinity); + numa_policy_reset(&arg_numa_policy); + + arg_random_seed = mfree(arg_random_seed); + arg_random_seed_size = 0; + arg_clock_usec = 0; + + arg_reload_limit_interval_sec = 0; + arg_reload_limit_burst = 0; +} + +static void determine_default_oom_score_adjust(void) { + int r, a, b; + + /* Run our services at slightly higher OOM score than ourselves. But let's be conservative here, and + * do this only if we don't run as root (i.e. only if we are run in user mode, for an unprivileged + * user). */ + + if (arg_defaults.oom_score_adjust_set) + return; + + if (getuid() == 0) + return; + + r = get_oom_score_adjust(&a); + if (r < 0) + return (void) log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to determine current OOM score adjustment value, ignoring: %m"); + + assert_cc(100 <= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX); + b = a >= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX - 100 ? OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX : a + 100; + + if (a == b) + return; + + arg_defaults.oom_score_adjust = b; + arg_defaults.oom_score_adjust_set = true; +} + +static int parse_configuration(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock) { + int r; + + assert(saved_rlimit_nofile); + assert(saved_rlimit_memlock); + + /* Assign configuration defaults */ + reset_arguments(); + + r = parse_config_file(); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse config file, ignoring: %m"); + + if (arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM) { + r = proc_cmdline_parse(parse_proc_cmdline_item, NULL, 0); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse kernel command line, ignoring: %m"); + } + + /* Initialize some default rlimits for services if they haven't been configured */ + fallback_rlimit_nofile(saved_rlimit_nofile); + fallback_rlimit_memlock(saved_rlimit_memlock); + + /* Note that this also parses bits from the kernel command line, including "debug". */ + log_parse_environment(); + + /* Initialize the show status setting if it hasn't been set explicitly yet */ + if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID) + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES; + + /* Slightly raise the OOM score for our services if we are running for unprivileged users. */ + determine_default_oom_score_adjust(); + + /* Push variables into the manager environment block */ + setenv_manager_environment(); + + /* Parse log environment variables again to take into account any new environment variables. */ + log_parse_environment(); + + return 0; +} + +static int safety_checks(void) { + + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && + arg_action != ACTION_RUN) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Unsupported execution mode while PID 1."); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && + arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Can't run --user mode as PID 1."); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM && + getpid_cached() != 1) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Can't run system mode unless PID 1."); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && + geteuid() == 0) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Don't run test mode as root."); + + switch (arg_runtime_scope) { + + case RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER: + + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + sd_booted() <= 0) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP), + "Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd."); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + !getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR")) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EUNATCH), + "Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set."); + + break; + + case RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM: + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + running_in_chroot() > 0) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP), + "Cannot be run in a chroot() environment."); + break; + + default: + assert_not_reached(); + } + + return 0; +} + +static int initialize_security( + bool *loaded_policy, + dual_timestamp *security_start_timestamp, + dual_timestamp *security_finish_timestamp, + const char **ret_error_message) { + + int r; + + assert(loaded_policy); + assert(security_start_timestamp); + assert(security_finish_timestamp); + assert(ret_error_message); + + dual_timestamp_now(security_start_timestamp); + + r = mac_selinux_setup(loaded_policy); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to load SELinux policy"; + return r; + } + + r = mac_smack_setup(loaded_policy); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to load SMACK policy"; + return r; + } + + r = mac_apparmor_setup(); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to load AppArmor policy"; + return r; + } + + r = ima_setup(); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to load IMA policy"; + return r; + } + + dual_timestamp_now(security_finish_timestamp); + return 0; +} + +static int collect_fds(FDSet **ret_fds, const char **ret_error_message) { + int r; + + assert(ret_fds); + assert(ret_error_message); + + /* Pick up all fds passed to us. We apply a filter here: we only take the fds that have O_CLOEXEC + * off. All fds passed via execve() to us must have O_CLOEXEC off, and our own code and dependencies + * should be clean enough to set O_CLOEXEC universally. Thus checking the bit should be a safe + * mechanism to distinguish passed in fds from our own. + * + * Why bother? Some subsystems we initialize early, specifically selinux might keep fds open in our + * process behind our back. We should not take possession of that (and then accidentally close + * it). SELinux thankfully sets O_CLOEXEC on its fds, so this test should work. */ + r = fdset_new_fill(/* filter_cloexec= */ 0, ret_fds); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to allocate fd set"; + return log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to allocate fd set: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_FD_SET_FAILED_STR); + } + + /* The serialization fd should have O_CLOEXEC turned on already, let's verify that we didn't pick it up here */ + assert_se(!arg_serialization || !fdset_contains(*ret_fds, fileno(arg_serialization))); + + return 0; +} + +static void setup_console_terminal(bool skip_setup) { + + if (arg_runtime_scope != RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM) + return; + + /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */ + (void) setsid(); + + /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null and make sure we don't have a + * controlling tty. */ + (void) release_terminal(); + + /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we are freshly booted */ + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && !skip_setup) + (void) console_setup(); +} + +static bool early_skip_setup_check(int argc, char *argv[]) { + bool found_deserialize = false; + + /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do the full command line parsing much + * later, so let's just have a quick peek here. Note that if we have switched root, do all the + * special setup things anyway, even if in that case we also do deserialization. */ + + for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) + if (streq(argv[i], "--switched-root")) + return false; /* If we switched root, don't skip the setup. */ + else if (startswith(argv[i], "--deserialize=") || streq(argv[i], "--deserialize")) + found_deserialize = true; + + return found_deserialize; /* When we are deserializing, then we are reexecuting, hence avoid the extensive setup */ +} + +static int save_env(void) { + char **l; + + l = strv_copy(environ); + if (!l) + return -ENOMEM; + + strv_free_and_replace(saved_env, l); + return 0; +} + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { + dual_timestamp + initrd_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, + userspace_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, + kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, + security_start_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, + security_finish_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL; + struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(0), + saved_rlimit_memlock = RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY); /* The original rlimits we passed + * in. Note we use different values + * for the two that indicate whether + * these fields are initialized! */ + bool skip_setup, loaded_policy = false, queue_default_job = false, first_boot = false; + char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL; + usec_t before_startup, after_startup; + static char systemd[] = "systemd"; + const char *error_message = NULL; + int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE; + Manager *m = NULL; + FDSet *fds = NULL; + + assert_se(argc > 0 && !isempty(argv[0])); + + /* SysV compatibility: redirect init → telinit */ + redirect_telinit(argc, argv); + + /* Take timestamps early on */ + dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(&kernel_timestamp, 0); + dual_timestamp_now(&userspace_timestamp); + + /* Figure out whether we need to do initialize the system, or if we already did that because we are + * reexecuting. */ + skip_setup = early_skip_setup_check(argc, argv); + + /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are called 'init'. After a subsequent + * reexecution we are then called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us systemd + * right-away. */ + program_invocation_short_name = systemd; + (void) prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd); + + /* Save the original command line */ + save_argc_argv(argc, argv); + + /* Save the original environment as we might need to restore it if we're requested to execute another + * system manager later. */ + r = save_env(); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to copy environment block"; + goto finish; + } + + /* Make sure that if the user says "syslog" we actually log to the journal. */ + log_set_upgrade_syslog_to_journal(true); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1) { + /* When we run as PID 1 force system mode */ + arg_runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM; + + /* Disable the umask logic */ + umask(0); + + /* Make sure that at least initially we do not ever log to journald/syslogd, because it might + * not be activated yet (even though the log socket for it exists). */ + log_set_prohibit_ipc(true); + + /* Always reopen /dev/console when running as PID 1 or one of its pre-execve() children. This + * is important so that we never end up logging to any foreign stderr, for example if we have + * to log in a child process right before execve()'ing the actual binary, at a point in time + * where socket activation stderr/stdout area already set up. */ + log_set_always_reopen_console(true); + + if (detect_container() <= 0) { + + /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */ + log_set_target_and_open(LOG_TARGET_KMSG); + + if (in_initrd()) + initrd_timestamp = userspace_timestamp; + + if (!skip_setup) { + r = mount_setup_early(); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to mount early API filesystems"; + goto finish; + } + } + + /* We might have just mounted /proc, so let's try to parse the kernel + * command line log arguments immediately. */ + log_parse_environment(); + + /* Let's open the log backend a second time, in case the first time didn't + * work. Quite possibly we have mounted /dev just now, so /dev/kmsg became + * available, and it previously wasn't. */ + log_open(); + + if (!skip_setup) { + disable_printk_ratelimit(); + + r = initialize_security( + &loaded_policy, + &security_start_timestamp, + &security_finish_timestamp, + &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + } + + if (mac_init() < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to initialize MAC support"; + goto finish; + } + + if (!skip_setup) + initialize_clock(); + + /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually open the logs like this for + * now. Note that if we are transitioning from the initrd there might still be + * journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt opening that before we parsed + * /proc/cmdline which might redirect output elsewhere. */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG); + + } else { + /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */ + log_set_target_and_open(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE); + + /* For later on, see above... */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL); + + /* clear the kernel timestamp, because we are in a container */ + kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL; + } + + initialize_coredump(skip_setup); + + r = fixup_environment(); + if (r < 0) { + log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to fix up PID 1 environment: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_PID1_ENVIRONMENT_STR); + error_message = "Failed to fix up PID1 environment"; + goto finish; + } + + /* Try to figure out if we can use colors with the console. No need to do that for user + * instances since they never log into the console. */ + log_show_color(colors_enabled()); + + r = make_null_stdio(); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to redirect standard streams to /dev/null, ignoring: %m"); + + /* Load the kernel modules early. */ + if (!skip_setup) + (void) kmod_setup(); + + /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and /proc/$PID/fd is available. */ + r = mount_setup(loaded_policy, skip_setup); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to mount API filesystems"; + goto finish; + } + + /* The efivarfs is now mounted, let's lock down the system token. */ + lock_down_efi_variables(); + + /* Cache command-line options passed from EFI variables */ + if (!skip_setup) + (void) cache_efi_options_variable(); + } else { + /* Running as user instance */ + arg_runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER; + log_set_always_reopen_console(true); + log_set_target_and_open(LOG_TARGET_AUTO); + + /* clear the kernel timestamp, because we are not PID 1 */ + kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL; + + /* Clear ambient capabilities, so services do not inherit them implicitly. Dropping them does + * not affect the permitted and effective sets which are important for the manager itself to + * operate. */ + capability_ambient_set_apply(0, /* also_inherit= */ false); + + if (mac_init() < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to initialize MAC support"; + goto finish; + } + } + + /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE/RLIMIT_MEMLOCK so that we can reset it later when + * transitioning from the initrd to the main systemd or suchlike. */ + save_rlimits(&saved_rlimit_nofile, &saved_rlimit_memlock); + + /* Reset all signal handlers. */ + (void) reset_all_signal_handlers(); + (void) ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE); + + (void) parse_configuration(&saved_rlimit_nofile, &saved_rlimit_memlock); + + r = parse_argv(argc, argv); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to parse command line arguments"; + goto finish; + } + + r = safety_checks(); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + + if (IN_SET(arg_action, ACTION_TEST, ACTION_HELP, ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS, ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES, ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT)) + pager_open(arg_pager_flags); + + if (arg_action != ACTION_RUN) + skip_setup = true; + + if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) { + retval = help() < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) { + retval = version(); + goto finish; + } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) { + unit_dump_config_items(stdout); + retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES) { + dump_bus_properties(stdout); + retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } else if (arg_action == ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT) { + r = bus_manager_introspect_implementations(stdout, arg_bus_introspect); + retval = r >= 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE; + goto finish; + } + + assert_se(IN_SET(arg_action, ACTION_RUN, ACTION_TEST)); + + /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */ + assert_se(chdir("/") == 0); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN) { + if (!skip_setup) { + /* Apply the systemd.clock_usec= kernel command line switch */ + apply_clock_update(); + + /* Apply random seed from kernel command line */ + cmdline_take_random_seed(); + } + + /* A core pattern might have been specified via the cmdline. */ + initialize_core_pattern(skip_setup); + + /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse collecting passed fds and terminal logic below */ + log_close(); + + /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */ + r = collect_fds(&fds, &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + + /* Give up any control of the console, but make sure its initialized. */ + setup_console_terminal(skip_setup); + + /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */ + log_open(); + } + + log_execution_mode(&first_boot); + + r = initialize_runtime(skip_setup, + first_boot, + &saved_rlimit_nofile, + &saved_rlimit_memlock, + &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + + r = manager_new(arg_runtime_scope, + arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? MANAGER_TEST_FULL : 0, + &m); + if (r < 0) { + log_struct_errno(LOG_EMERG, r, + LOG_MESSAGE("Failed to allocate manager object: %m"), + "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_CORE_MANAGER_ALLOCATE_STR); + error_message = "Failed to allocate manager object"; + goto finish; + } + + m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_KERNEL] = kernel_timestamp; + m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_INITRD] = initrd_timestamp; + m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_USERSPACE] = userspace_timestamp; + m->timestamps[manager_timestamp_initrd_mangle(MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_SECURITY_START)] = security_start_timestamp; + m->timestamps[manager_timestamp_initrd_mangle(MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_SECURITY_FINISH)] = security_finish_timestamp; + + set_manager_defaults(m); + set_manager_settings(m); + manager_set_first_boot(m, first_boot); + manager_set_switching_root(m, arg_switched_root); + + /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */ + queue_default_job = !arg_serialization || arg_switched_root; + + before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); + + r = manager_startup(m, arg_serialization, fds, /* root= */ NULL); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to start up manager"; + goto finish; + } + + /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but not claimed by any unit. */ + fds = fdset_free(fds); + arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + + if (queue_default_job) { + r = do_queue_default_job(m, &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + } + + after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); + + log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG, + "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.", + FORMAT_TIMESPAN(after_startup - before_startup, 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC)); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) { + manager_test_summary(m); + retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } + + r = invoke_main_loop(m, + &saved_rlimit_nofile, + &saved_rlimit_memlock, + &retval, + &fds, + &switch_root_dir, + &switch_root_init, + &error_message); + assert(r < 0 || IN_SET(r, MANAGER_EXIT, /* MANAGER_OK is not expected here. */ + MANAGER_RELOAD, + MANAGER_REEXECUTE, + MANAGER_REBOOT, + MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT, + MANAGER_POWEROFF, + MANAGER_HALT, + MANAGER_KEXEC, + MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT)); + +finish: + pager_close(); + + if (m) { + arg_reboot_watchdog = manager_get_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_REBOOT); + arg_kexec_watchdog = manager_get_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_KEXEC); + m = manager_free(m); + } + + mac_selinux_finish(); + + if (IN_SET(r, MANAGER_REEXECUTE, MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT, MANAGER_SOFT_REBOOT)) + r = do_reexecute(r, + argc, argv, + &saved_rlimit_nofile, + &saved_rlimit_memlock, + fds, + switch_root_dir, + switch_root_init, + &error_message); /* This only returns if reexecution failed */ + + arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + fds = fdset_free(fds); + + saved_env = strv_free(saved_env); + +#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H + /* If we are PID 1 and running under valgrind, then let's exit + * here explicitly. valgrind will only generate nice output on + * exit(), not on exec(), hence let's do the former not the + * latter here. */ + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND) { + /* Cleanup watchdog_device strings for valgrind. We need them + * in become_shutdown() so normally we cannot free them yet. */ + watchdog_free_device(); + reset_arguments(); + return retval; + } +#endif + +#if HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER + /* At this stage we most likely don't have stdio/stderr open, so the following + * LSan check would not print any actionable information and would just crash + * PID 1. To make this a bit more helpful, let's try to open /dev/console, + * and if we succeed redirect LSan's report there. */ + if (getpid_cached() == 1) { + _cleanup_close_ int tty_fd = -EBADF; + + tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); + if (tty_fd >= 0) + __sanitizer_set_report_fd((void*) (intptr_t) tty_fd); + + __lsan_do_leak_check(); + } +#endif + + if (r < 0) + (void) sd_notifyf(0, "ERRNO=%i", -r); + + /* Try to invoke the shutdown binary unless we already failed. + * If we failed above, we want to freeze after finishing cleanup. */ + if (arg_runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM && + IN_SET(r, MANAGER_EXIT, MANAGER_REBOOT, MANAGER_POWEROFF, MANAGER_HALT, MANAGER_KEXEC)) { + r = become_shutdown(r, retval); + log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute shutdown binary, %s: %m", getpid_cached() == 1 ? "freezing" : "quitting"); + error_message = "Failed to execute shutdown binary"; + } + + /* This is primarily useful when running systemd in a VM, as it provides the user running the VM with + * a mechanism to pick up systemd's exit status in the VM. */ + (void) sd_notifyf(0, "EXIT_STATUS=%i", retval); + + watchdog_free_device(); + arg_watchdog_device = mfree(arg_watchdog_device); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1) { + if (error_message) + manager_status_printf(NULL, STATUS_TYPE_EMERGENCY, + ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED "!!!!!!" ANSI_NORMAL, + "%s.", error_message); + freeze_or_exit_or_reboot(); + } + + reset_arguments(); + return retval; +} |