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diff --git a/test/units/testsuite-46.sh b/test/units/testsuite-46.sh
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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -eux
+set -o pipefail
+
+# Check if homectl is installed, and if it isn't bail out early instead of failing
+if ! test -x /usr/bin/homectl ; then
+ echo "no homed" >/skipped
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+inspect() {
+ # As updating disk-size-related attributes can take some time on some
+ # filesystems, let's drop these fields before comparing the outputs to
+ # avoid unexpected fails. To see the full outputs of both homectl &
+ # userdbctl (for debugging purposes) drop the fields just before the
+ # comparison.
+ local USERNAME="${1:?}"
+ homectl inspect "$USERNAME" | tee /tmp/a
+ userdbctl user "$USERNAME" | tee /tmp/b
+
+ # diff uses the grep BREs for pattern matching
+ diff -I '^\s*Disk \(Size\|Free\|Floor\|Ceiling\):' /tmp/{a,b}
+ rm /tmp/{a,b}
+
+ homectl inspect --json=pretty "$USERNAME"
+}
+
+wait_for_state() {
+ for i in {1..10}; do
+ (( i > 1 )) && sleep 0.5
+ homectl inspect "$1" | grep -qF "State: $2" && break
+ done
+}
+
+systemd-analyze log-level debug
+systemctl service-log-level systemd-homed debug
+
+# Create a tmpfs to use as backing store for the home dir. That way we can enforce a size limit nicely.
+mkdir -p /home
+mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /home -o size=290M
+
+# we enable --luks-discard= since we run our tests in a tight VM, hence don't
+# needlessly pressure for storage. We also set the cheapest KDF, since we don't
+# want to waste CI CPU cycles on it.
+NEWPASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl create test-user \
+ --disk-size=min \
+ --luks-discard=yes \
+ --image-path=/home/test-user.home \
+ --luks-pbkdf-type=pbkdf2 \
+ --luks-pbkdf-time-cost=1ms
+inspect test-user
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl authenticate test-user
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl activate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl update test-user --real-name="Inline test"
+inspect test-user
+
+homectl deactivate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s NEWPASSWORD=yPN4N0fYNKUkOq homectl passwd test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+PASSWORD=yPN4N0fYNKUkOq homectl activate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug PASSWORD=yPN4N0fYNKUkOq NEWPASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl passwd test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+homectl deactivate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl activate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+homectl deactivate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl update test-user --real-name="Offline test"
+inspect test-user
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl activate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+homectl deactivate test-user
+inspect test-user
+
+# Do some resize tests, but only if we run on real kernels, as quota inside of containers will fail
+if ! systemd-detect-virt -cq ; then
+ # grow while inactive
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl resize test-user 300M
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # minimize while inactive
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl resize test-user min
+ inspect test-user
+
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl activate test-user
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # grow while active
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl resize test-user max
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # minimize while active
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl resize test-user 0
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # grow while active
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl resize test-user 300M
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # shrink to original size while active
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl resize test-user 256M
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # minimize again
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl resize test-user min
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # Increase space, so that we can reasonably rebalance free space between to home dirs
+ mount /home -o remount,size=800M
+
+ # create second user
+ NEWPASSWORD=uuXoo8ei homectl create test-user2 \
+ --disk-size=min \
+ --luks-discard=yes \
+ --image-path=/home/test-user2.home \
+ --luks-pbkdf-type=pbkdf2 \
+ --luks-pbkdf-time-cost=1ms
+ inspect test-user2
+
+ # activate second user
+ PASSWORD=uuXoo8ei homectl activate test-user2
+ inspect test-user2
+
+ # set second user's rebalance weight to 100
+ PASSWORD=uuXoo8ei homectl update test-user2 --rebalance-weight=100
+ inspect test-user2
+
+ # set first user's rebalance weight to quarter of that of the second
+ PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl update test-user --rebalance-weight=25
+ inspect test-user
+
+ # synchronously rebalance
+ homectl rebalance
+ inspect test-user
+ inspect test-user2
+fi
+
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl with test-user -- test ! -f /home/test-user/xyz
+(! PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl with test-user -- test -f /home/test-user/xyz)
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl with test-user -- touch /home/test-user/xyz
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl with test-user -- test -f /home/test-user/xyz
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl with test-user -- rm /home/test-user/xyz
+PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl with test-user -- test ! -f /home/test-user/xyz
+(! PASSWORD=xEhErW0ndafV4s homectl with test-user -- test -f /home/test-user/xyz)
+
+wait_for_state test-user inactive
+homectl remove test-user
+
+if ! systemd-detect-virt -cq ; then
+ wait_for_state test-user2 active
+ homectl deactivate test-user2
+ wait_for_state test-user2 inactive
+ homectl remove test-user2
+fi
+
+# userdbctl tests
+export PAGER=
+
+# Create a couple of user/group records to test io.systemd.DropIn
+# See docs/USER_RECORD.md and docs/GROUP_RECORD.md
+mkdir -p /run/userdb/
+cat >"/run/userdb/dropingroup.group" <<\EOF
+{
+ "groupName" : "dropingroup",
+ "gid" : 1000000
+}
+EOF
+cat >"/run/userdb/dropinuser.user" <<\EOF
+{
+ "userName" : "dropinuser",
+ "uid" : 2000000,
+ "realName" : "🐱",
+ "memberOf" : [
+ "dropingroup"
+ ]
+}
+EOF
+cat >"/run/userdb/dropinuser.user-privileged" <<\EOF
+{
+ "privileged" : {
+ "hashedPassword" : [
+ "$6$WHBKvAFFT9jKPA4k$OPY4D4TczKN/jOnJzy54DDuOOagCcvxxybrwMbe1SVdm.Bbr.zOmBdATp.QrwZmvqyr8/SafbbQu.QZ2rRvDs/"
+ ],
+ "sshAuthorizedKeys" : [
+ "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIA//dxI2xLg4MgxIKKZv1nqwTEIlE/fdakii2Fb75pG+ foo@bar.tld",
+ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBMlaqG2rTMje5CQnfjXJKmoSpEVJ2gWtx4jBvsQbmee2XbU/Qdq5+SRisssR9zVuxgg5NA5fv08MgjwJQMm+csc= hello@world.tld"
+ ]
+ }
+}
+EOF
+# Set permissions and create necessary symlinks as described in nss-systemd(8)
+chmod 0600 "/run/userdb/dropinuser.user-privileged"
+ln -svrf "/run/userdb/dropingroup.group" "/run/userdb/1000000.group"
+ln -svrf "/run/userdb/dropinuser.user" "/run/userdb/2000000.user"
+ln -svrf "/run/userdb/dropinuser.user-privileged" "/run/userdb/2000000.user-privileged"
+
+userdbctl
+userdbctl --version
+userdbctl --help --no-pager
+userdbctl --no-legend
+userdbctl --output=classic
+userdbctl --output=friendly
+userdbctl --output=table
+userdbctl --output=json | jq
+userdbctl -j --json=pretty | jq
+userdbctl -j --json=short | jq
+userdbctl --with-varlink=no
+
+userdbctl user
+userdbctl user testuser
+userdbctl user root
+userdbctl user testuser root
+userdbctl user -j testuser root | jq
+# Check only UID for the nobody user, since the name is build-configurable
+userdbctl user --with-nss=no --synthesize=yes
+userdbctl user --with-nss=no --synthesize=yes 0 root 65534
+userdbctl user dropinuser
+userdbctl user 2000000
+userdbctl user --with-nss=no --with-varlink=no --synthesize=no --multiplexer=no dropinuser
+userdbctl user --with-nss=no 2000000
+(! userdbctl user '')
+(! userdbctl user 🐱)
+(! userdbctl user 🐱 '' bar)
+(! userdbctl user i-do-not-exist)
+(! userdbctl user root i-do-not-exist testuser)
+(! userdbctl user --with-nss=no --synthesize=no 0 root 65534)
+(! userdbctl user -N root nobody)
+(! userdbctl user --with-dropin=no dropinuser)
+(! userdbctl user --with-dropin=no 2000000)
+
+userdbctl group
+userdbctl group testuser
+userdbctl group root
+userdbctl group testuser root
+userdbctl group -j testuser root | jq
+# Check only GID for the nobody group, since the name is build-configurable
+userdbctl group --with-nss=no --synthesize=yes
+userdbctl group --with-nss=no --synthesize=yes 0 root 65534
+userdbctl group dropingroup
+userdbctl group 1000000
+userdbctl group --with-nss=no --with-varlink=no --synthesize=no --multiplexer=no dropingroup
+userdbctl group --with-nss=no 1000000
+(! userdbctl group '')
+(! userdbctl group 🐱)
+(! userdbctl group 🐱 '' bar)
+(! userdbctl group i-do-not-exist)
+(! userdbctl group root i-do-not-exist testuser)
+(! userdbctl group --with-nss=no --synthesize=no 0 root 65534)
+(! userdbctl group --with-dropin=no dropingroup)
+(! userdbctl group --with-dropin=no 1000000)
+
+userdbctl users-in-group
+userdbctl users-in-group testuser
+userdbctl users-in-group testuser root
+userdbctl users-in-group -j testuser root | jq
+userdbctl users-in-group 🐱
+(! userdbctl users-in-group '')
+(! userdbctl users-in-group foo '' bar)
+
+userdbctl groups-of-user
+userdbctl groups-of-user testuser
+userdbctl groups-of-user testuser root
+userdbctl groups-of-user -j testuser root | jq
+userdbctl groups-of-user 🐱
+(! userdbctl groups-of-user '')
+(! userdbctl groups-of-user foo '' bar)
+
+userdbctl services
+userdbctl services -j | jq
+
+varlinkctl call /run/systemd/userdb/io.systemd.Multiplexer io.systemd.UserDatabase.GetUserRecord '{"userName":"testuser","service":"io.systemd.Multiplexer"}'
+varlinkctl call /run/systemd/userdb/io.systemd.Multiplexer io.systemd.UserDatabase.GetUserRecord '{"userName":"root","service":"io.systemd.Multiplexer"}'
+varlinkctl call /run/systemd/userdb/io.systemd.Multiplexer io.systemd.UserDatabase.GetUserRecord '{"userName":"dropinuser","service":"io.systemd.Multiplexer"}'
+varlinkctl call /run/systemd/userdb/io.systemd.Multiplexer io.systemd.UserDatabase.GetUserRecord '{"uid":2000000,"service":"io.systemd.Multiplexer"}'
+(! varlinkctl call /run/systemd/userdb/io.systemd.Multiplexer io.systemd.UserDatabase.GetUserRecord '{"userName":"","service":"io.systemd.Multiplexer"}')
+(! varlinkctl call /run/systemd/userdb/io.systemd.Multiplexer io.systemd.UserDatabase.GetUserRecord '{"userName":"🐱","service":"io.systemd.Multiplexer"}')
+(! varlinkctl call /run/systemd/userdb/io.systemd.Multiplexer io.systemd.UserDatabase.GetUserRecord '{"userName":"i-do-not-exist","service":"io.systemd.Multiplexer"}')
+
+userdbctl ssh-authorized-keys dropinuser | tee /tmp/authorized-keys
+grep "ssh-ed25519" /tmp/authorized-keys
+grep "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256" /tmp/authorized-keys
+echo "my-top-secret-key 🐱" >/tmp/my-top-secret-key
+userdbctl ssh-authorized-keys dropinuser --chain /bin/cat /tmp/my-top-secret-key | tee /tmp/authorized-keys
+grep "ssh-ed25519" /tmp/authorized-keys
+grep "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256" /tmp/authorized-keys
+grep "my-top-secret-key 🐱" /tmp/authorized-keys
+(! userdbctl ssh-authorized-keys 🐱)
+(! userdbctl ssh-authorized-keys dropin-user --chain)
+(! userdbctl ssh-authorized-keys dropin-user --chain '')
+(! SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug userdbctl ssh-authorized-keys dropin-user --chain /bin/false)
+
+(! userdbctl '')
+for opt in json multiplexer output synthesize with-dropin with-nss with-varlink; do
+ (! userdbctl "--$opt=''")
+ (! userdbctl "--$opt='🐱'")
+ (! userdbctl "--$opt=foo")
+ (! userdbctl "--$opt=foo" "--$opt=''" "--$opt=🐱")
+done
+
+systemd-analyze log-level info
+
+touch /testok