1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
|
# `derive_more`
[](https://github.com/JelteF/derive_more/actions)
[](https://crates.io/crates/derive_more)
[](https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/)
[](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JelteF/derive_more/master/LICENSE)
[](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2019/07/04/Rust-1.36.0.html)
Rust has lots of builtin traits that are implemented for its basic types, such
as `Add`, `Not`, `From` or `Display`.
However, when wrapping these types inside your own structs or enums you lose the
implementations of these traits and are required to recreate them.
This is especially annoying when your own structures are very simple, such as
when using the commonly advised newtype pattern (e.g. `MyInt(i32)`).
This library tries to remove these annoyances and the corresponding boilerplate code.
It does this by allowing you to derive lots of commonly used traits for both structs and enums.
## Example code
By using this library the following code just works:
```rust
extern crate derive_more;
use derive_more::{Add, Display, From, Into};
#[derive(PartialEq, From, Add)]
struct MyInt(i32);
#[derive(PartialEq, From, Into)]
struct Point2D {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
#[derive(PartialEq, From, Add, Display)]
enum MyEnum {
#[display(fmt = "int: {}", _0)]
Int(i32),
Uint(u32),
#[display(fmt = "nothing")]
Nothing,
}
assert!(MyInt(11) == MyInt(5) + 6.into());
assert!((5, 6) == Point2D { x: 5, y: 6 }.into());
assert!(MyEnum::Int(15) == (MyEnum::Int(8) + 7.into()).unwrap());
assert!(MyEnum::Int(15).to_string() == "int: 15");
assert!(MyEnum::Uint(42).to_string() == "42");
assert!(MyEnum::Nothing.to_string() == "nothing");
```
## The derivable traits
Below are all the traits that you can derive using this library.
Some trait derivations are so similar that the further documentation will only show a single one
of them.
You can recognize these by the "-like" suffix in their name.
The trait name before that will be the only one that is used throughout the further
documentation.
It is important to understand what code gets generated when using one of the
derives from this crate.
That is why the links below explain what code gets generated for a trait for
each group from before.
You can use the [`cargo-expand`] utility to see the exact code that is generated
for your specific type.
This will show you your code with all macros and derives expanded.
**NOTE**: You still have to derive each trait separately. So `#[derive(Mul)]` doesn't
automatically derive `Div` as well. To derive both you should do `#[derive(Mul, Div)]`
### Conversion traits
These are traits that are used to convert automatically between types.
1. [`From`]
2. [`Into`]
3. [`FromStr`]
4. [`TryInto`]
5. [`IntoIterator`]
6. [`AsRef`]
7. [`AsMut`]
### Formatting traits
These traits are used for converting a struct to a string in different ways.
1. [`Display`-like], contains `Display`, `DebugCustom`, `Binary`, `Octal`,
`LowerHex`, `UpperHex`, `LowerExp`, `UpperExp`, `Pointer`
### Error-handling traits
These traits are used to define error-types.
1. [`Error`]
### Operators
These are traits that can be used for operator overloading.
1. [`Index`]
2. [`Deref`]
3. [`Not`-like], contains `Not` and `Neg`
4. [`Add`-like], contains `Add`, `Sub`, `BitAnd`, `BitOr`, `BitXor`
5. [`Mul`-like], contains `Mul`, `Div`, `Rem`, `Shr` and `Shl`
3. [`Sum`-like], contains `Sum` and `Product`
6. [`IndexMut`]
7. [`DerefMut`]
8. [`AddAssign`-like], contains `AddAssign`, `SubAssign`, `BitAndAssign`,
`BitOrAssign` and `BitXorAssign`
9. [`MulAssign`-like], contains `MulAssign`, `DivAssign`, `RemAssign`,
`ShrAssign` and `ShlAssign`
### Static methods
These don't derive traits, but derive static methods instead.
1. [`Constructor`], this derives a `new` method that can be used as a constructor.
This is very basic if you need more customization for your constructor, check
out the [`derive-new`] crate.
2. [`IsVariant`], for each variant `foo` of an enum type, derives a `is_foo` method.
3. [`Unwrap`], for each variant `foo` of an enum type, derives an `unwrap_foo` method.
## Generated code
## Installation
This library requires Rust 1.36 or higher and it supports `no_std` out of the box.
Then add the following to `Cargo.toml`:
```toml
[dependencies]
derive_more = "0.99.0"
# You can specifiy the types of derives that you need for less time spent
# compiling. For the full list of features see this crate its Cargo.toml.
default-features = false
features = ["from", "add", "iterator"]
```
And this to the top of your Rust file for Rust 2018:
```rust
extern crate derive_more;
// use the derives that you want in the file
use derive_more::{Add, Display, From};
```
If you're still using Rust 2015 you should add this instead:
```rust
extern crate core;
#[macro_use]
extern crate derive_more;
```
[`cargo-expand`]: https://github.com/dtolnay/cargo-expand
[`derive-new`]: https://github.com/nrc/derive-new
[`From`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/from.html
[`Into`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/into.html
[`FromStr`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/from_str.html
[`TryInto`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/try_into.html
[`IntoIterator`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/into_iterator.html
[`AsRef`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/as_ref.html
[`AsMut`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/as_mut.html
[`Display`-like]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/display.html
[`Error`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/error.html
[`Index`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/index_op.html
[`Deref`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/deref.html
[`Not`-like]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/not.html
[`Add`-like]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/add.html
[`Mul`-like]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/mul.html
[`Sum`-like]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/sum.html
[`IndexMut`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/index_mut.html
[`DerefMut`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/deref_mut.html
[`AddAssign`-like]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/add_assign.html
[`MulAssign`-like]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/mul_assign.html
[`Constructor`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/constructor.html
[`IsVariant`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/is_variant.html
[`Unwrap`]: https://jeltef.github.io/derive_more/derive_more/unwrap.html
|
