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+*vi_diff.txt* For Vim version 9.1. Last change: 2022 Apr 03
+
+
+ VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
+
+
+Differences between Vim and Vi *vi-differences*
+
+This file lists the differences between Vim and Vi/Ex and gives an overview of
+what is in Vim that is not in Vi.
+
+Vim is mostly POSIX 1003.2-1 compliant. The only command known to be missing
+is ":open". There are probably a lot of small differences (either because Vim
+is missing something or because Posix is beside the mark).
+
+1. Simulated command |simulated-command|
+2. Missing options |missing-options|
+3. Limits |limits|
+4. The most interesting additions |vim-additions|
+5. Other vim features |other-features|
+6. Supported Vi features |vi-features|
+7. Command-line arguments |cmdline-arguments|
+8. POSIX compliance |posix-compliance|
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Simulated command *simulated-command*
+
+This command is in Vi, but Vim only simulates it:
+
+ *:o* *:op* *:open*
+:[range]o[pen] Works like |:visual|: end Ex mode.
+ {Vi: start editing in open mode}
+
+:[range]o[pen] /pattern/ As above, additionally move the cursor to the
+ column where "pattern" matches in the cursor
+ line.
+
+Vim does not support open mode, since it's not really useful. For those
+situations where ":open" would start open mode Vim will leave Ex mode, which
+allows executing the same commands, but updates the whole screen instead of
+only one line.
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Missing options *missing-options*
+
+These options are in the Unix Vi, but not in Vim. If you try to set one of
+them you won't get an error message, but the value is not used and cannot be
+printed.
+
+autoprint (ap) boolean (default on) *'autoprint'* *'ap'*
+beautify (bf) boolean (default off) *'beautify'* *'bf'*
+flash (fl) boolean (default ??) *'flash'* *'fl'*
+graphic (gr) boolean (default off) *'graphic'* *'gr'*
+hardtabs (ht) number (default 8) *'hardtabs'* *'ht'*
+ number of spaces that a <Tab> moves on the display
+mesg boolean (default on) *'mesg'*
+novice boolean (default off) *'novice'*
+open boolean (default on) *'open'*
+optimize (op) boolean (default off) *'optimize'* *'op'*
+redraw boolean (default off) *'redraw'*
+slowopen (slow) boolean (default off) *'slowopen'* *'slow'*
+sourceany boolean (default off) *'sourceany'*
+w300 number (default 23) *'w300'*
+w1200 number (default 23) *'w1200'*
+w9600 number (default 23) *'w9600'*
+
+Vi did not allow for changing the termcap entries, you would have to exit Vi,
+edit the termcap entry and try again. Vim has the |terminal-options|.
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Limits *limits*
+
+Vim has only a few limits for the files that can be edited {Vi: can not handle
+<Nul> characters and characters above 128, has limited line length, many other
+limits}.
+
+Maximum line length 2147483647 characters. Longer lines are split.
+Maximum number of lines 2147483647 lines.
+Maximum file size 2147483647 bytes (2 Gbyte) when a long integer is
+ 32 bits. Much more for 64 bit longs. Also limited
+ by available disk space for the |swap-file|.
+ *E75*
+Length of a file path Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256
+ characters (or as much as the system supports).
+Length of an expanded string option
+ Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256
+ characters
+Maximum display width Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 255
+ characters
+Maximum lhs of a mapping 50 characters.
+Number of different highlighting types: over 30000
+Range of a Number variable: -2147483648 to 2147483647 (might be more on 64
+ bit systems)
+Maximum length of a line in a tags file: 512 bytes.
+
+Information for undo and text in registers is kept in memory, thus when making
+(big) changes the amount of (virtual) memory available limits the number of
+undo levels and the text that can be kept in registers. Other things are also
+kept in memory: Command-line history, error messages for Quickfix mode, etc.
+
+Memory usage limits
+-------------------
+
+The option 'maxmem' ('mm') is used to set the maximum memory used for one
+buffer (in kilobytes). 'maxmemtot' is used to set the maximum memory used for
+all buffers (in kilobytes). The defaults depend on the system used. For the
+Amiga, 'maxmemtot' is set depending on the amount of memory available.
+These are not hard limits, but tell Vim when to move text into a swap file.
+If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set 'maxmem' and 'maxmemtot' to a
+very large value. The swap file will then only be used for recovery. If you
+don't want a swap file at all, set 'updatecount' to 0, or use the "-n"
+argument when starting Vim.
+
+==============================================================================
+4. The most interesting additions *vim-additions*
+
+Vi compatibility. |'compatible'|
+ Although Vim is 99% Vi compatible, some things in Vi can be
+ considered to be a bug, or at least need improvement. But still, Vim
+ starts in a mode which behaves like the "real" Vi as much as possible.
+ To make Vim behave a little bit better, try resetting the 'compatible'
+ option:
+ :set nocompatible
+ Or start Vim with the "-N" argument:
+ vim -N
+ Vim starts with 'nocompatible' automatically if you have a .vimrc
+ file. See |startup|.
+ The 'cpoptions' option can be used to set Vi compatibility on/off for
+ a number of specific items.
+
+Support for different systems.
+ Vim can be used on:
+ - All Unix systems (it works on all systems it was tested on, although
+ the GUI and Perl interface may not work everywhere).
+ - Amiga (500, 1000, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000, ...).
+ - MS-Windows
+ - VMS
+ - Macintosh
+ - IBM OS/390
+ Note that on some systems features need to be disabled to reduce
+ resource usage. For some outdated systems you need to use an older
+ Vim version.
+
+Multi level persistent undo. |undo|
+ 'u' goes backward in time, 'CTRL-R' goes forward again. Set option
+ 'undolevels' to the number of changes to be remembered (default 1000).
+ Set 'undolevels' to 0 for a Vi-compatible one level undo. Set it to
+ -1 for no undo at all.
+ When all changes in a buffer have been undone, the buffer is not
+ considered changed anymore. You can exit it with :q, without <!>.
+ When undoing a few changes and then making a new change Vim will
+ create a branch in the undo tree. This means you can go back to any
+ state of the text, there is no risk of a change causing text to be
+ lost forever. |undo-tree|
+ The undo information is stored in a file when the 'undofile' option is
+ set. This means you can exit Vim, start Vim on a previously edited
+ file and undo changes that were made before exiting Vim.
+
+Graphical User Interface (GUI). |gui|
+ Included support for GUI: menu's, mouse, scrollbars, etc. You can
+ define your own menus. Better support for CTRL/SHIFT/ALT keys in
+ combination with special keys and mouse. Supported for various
+ platforms, such as X11 with Motif, GTK, Win32 (Windows XP and later),
+ Amiga and Macintosh.
+
+Multiple windows and buffers. |windows.txt|
+ Vim can split the screen into several windows, each editing a
+ different buffer or the same buffer at a different location. Buffers
+ can still be loaded (and changed) but not displayed in a window. This
+ is called a hidden buffer. Many commands and options have been added
+ for this facility.
+ Vim can also use multiple tab pages, each with one or more windows. A
+ line with tab labels can be used to quickly switch between these pages.
+ |tab-page|
+
+Terminal window. |:terminal|
+ Vim can create a window in which a terminal emulator runs. This can
+ be used to execute an arbitrary command, a shell or a debugger.
+
+Syntax highlighting. |:syntax|
+ Vim can highlight keywords, patterns and other things. This is
+ defined by a number of |:syntax| commands, and can be made to
+ highlight most languages and file types. A number of files are
+ included for highlighting the most common languages, like C, C++,
+ Java, Pascal, Makefiles, shell scripts, etc. The colors used for
+ highlighting can be defined for ordinary terminals, color terminals
+ and the GUI with the |:highlight| command. A convenient way to do
+ this is using a |:colorscheme| command.
+ The highlighted text can be exported as HTML. |convert-to-HTML|
+ Other items that can be highlighted are matches with the search string
+ |'hlsearch'|, matching parens |matchparen| and the cursor line and
+ column |'cursorline'| |'cursorcolumn'|.
+
+Text properties |textprop.txt|
+ Vim supports highlighting text by a plugin. Property types can be
+ specified with |prop_type_add()| and properties can be placed with
+ |prop_add()|.
+
+Spell checking. |spell|
+ When the 'spell' option is set Vim will highlight spelling mistakes.
+ About 50 languages are currently supported, selected with the
+ 'spelllang' option. In source code only comments and strings are
+ checked for spelling.
+
+Folding. |folding|
+ A range of lines can be shown as one "folded" line. This allows
+ overviewing a file and moving blocks of text around quickly.
+ Folds can be created manually, from the syntax of the file, by indent,
+ etc.
+
+Diff mode. |diff|
+ Vim can show two versions of a file with the differences highlighted.
+ Parts of the text that are equal are folded away. Commands can be
+ used to move text from one version to the other.
+
+Plugins. |add-plugin|
+ The functionality can be extended by dropping a plugin file in the
+ right directory. That's an easy way to start using Vim scripts
+ written by others. Plugins can be for all kind of files, or
+ specifically for a filetype.
+ Packages make this even easier. |packages|
+
+Asynchronous communication and timers. |channel| |job| |timer|
+ Vim can exchange messages with other processes in the background.
+ This makes it possible to have servers do work and send back the
+ results to Vim. |channel|
+ Vim can start a job, communicate with it and stop it. |job|
+ Timers can fire once or repeatedly and invoke a function to do any
+ work. |timer|
+
+Repeat a series of commands. |q|
+ "q{c}" starts recording typed characters into named register {c}.
+ A subsequent "q" stops recording. The register can then be executed
+ with the "@{c}" command. This is very useful to repeat a complex
+ action.
+
+Flexible insert mode. |ins-special-special|
+ The arrow keys can be used in insert mode to move around in the file.
+ This breaks the insert in two parts as far as undo and redo is
+ concerned.
+
+ CTRL-O can be used to execute a single Normal mode command. This is
+ almost the same as hitting <Esc>, typing the command and doing |a|.
+
+Visual mode. |Visual-mode|
+ Visual mode can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then
+ give a command to do something with it. This is an (easy to use)
+ alternative to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of
+ the text to be operated upon.
+ |v| and |V| are used to start Visual mode. |v| works on characters
+ and |V| on lines. Move the cursor to extend the Visual area. It is
+ shown highlighted on the screen. By typing "o" the other end of the
+ Visual area can be moved. The Visual area can be affected by an
+ operator:
+ d delete
+ c change
+ y yank
+ > or < insert or delete indent
+ ! filter through external program
+ = filter through indent
+ : start |:| command for the Visual lines.
+ gq format text to 'textwidth' columns
+ J join lines
+ ~ swap case
+ u make lowercase
+ U make uppercase
+ {Vi has no Visual mode, the name "visual" is used for Normal mode, to
+ distinguish it from Ex mode}
+
+Block operators. |visual-block|
+ With Visual mode a rectangular block of text can be selected. Start
+ Visual mode with CTRL-V. The block can be deleted ("d"), yanked ("y")
+ or its case can be changed ("~", "u" and "U"). A deleted or yanked
+ block can be put into the text with the "p" and "P" commands.
+
+Help system. |:help|
+ Help is displayed in a window. The usual commands can be used to
+ move around, search for a string, etc. Tags can be used to jump
+ around in the help files, just like hypertext links. The |:help|
+ command takes an argument to quickly jump to the info on a subject.
+ <F1> is the quick access to the help system. The name of the help
+ index file can be set with the 'helpfile' option.
+
+Command-line editing and history. |cmdline-editing|
+ You can insert or delete at any place in the command-line using the
+ cursor keys. The right/left cursor keys can be used to move
+ forward/backward one character. The shifted right/left cursor keys
+ can be used to move forward/backward one word. CTRL-B/CTRL-E can be
+ used to go to the begin/end of the command-line.
+ {Vi: can only alter the last character in the line}
+ {Vi: when hitting <Esc> the command-line is executed. This is
+ unexpected for most people; therefore it was changed in Vim. But when
+ the <Esc> is part of a mapping, the command-line is executed. If you
+ want the Vi behaviour also when typing <Esc>, use ":cmap ^V<Esc>
+ ^V^M"}
+ |cmdline-history|
+ The command-lines are remembered. The up/down cursor keys can be used
+ to recall previous command-lines. The 'history' option can be set to
+ the number of lines that will be remembered. There is a separate
+ history for commands and for search patterns.
+
+Command-line completion. |cmdline-completion|
+ While entering a command-line (on the bottom line of the screen)
+ <Tab> can be typed to complete
+ what example ~
+ - command :e<Tab>
+ - tag :ta scr<Tab>
+ - option :set sc<Tab>
+ - option value :set hf=<Tab>
+ - file name :e ve<Tab>
+ - etc.
+
+ If there are multiple matches, CTRL-N (next) and CTRL-P (previous)
+ will walk through the matches. <Tab> works like CTRL-N, but wraps
+ around to the first match.
+
+ The 'wildchar' option can be set to the character for command-line
+ completion, <Tab> is the default. CTRL-D can be typed after an
+ (incomplete) wildcard; all matches will be listed. CTRL-A will insert
+ all matches. CTRL-L will insert the longest common part of the
+ matches.
+
+Insert-mode completion. |ins-completion|
+ In Insert mode the CTRL-N and CTRL-P keys can be used to complete a
+ word that appears elsewhere. |i_CTRL-N|
+ With CTRL-X another mode is entered, through which completion can be
+ done for:
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F| file names
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K| words from 'dictionary' files
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T| words from 'thesaurus' files
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I| words from included files
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L| whole lines
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]| words from the tags file
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D| definitions or macros
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O| Omni completion: clever completion
+ specifically for a file type
+ etc.
+
+Long line support. |'wrap'| |'linebreak'|
+ If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap and only part
+ of them will be shown. When the cursor is moved to a part that is not
+ shown, the screen will scroll horizontally. The minimum number of
+ columns to scroll can be set with the 'sidescroll' option. The |zh|
+ and |zl| commands can be used to scroll sideways.
+ Alternatively, long lines are broken in between words when the
+ 'linebreak' option is set. This allows editing a single-line
+ paragraph conveniently (e.g. when the text is later read into a DTP
+ program). Move the cursor up/down with the |gk| and |gj| commands.
+
+Text formatting. |formatting|
+ The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically limit the line
+ length. This supplements the 'wrapmargin' option of Vi, which was not
+ very useful. The |gq| operator can be used to format a piece of text
+ (for example, |gqap| formats the current paragraph). Commands for
+ text alignment: |:center|, |:left| and |:right|.
+
+Extended search patterns. |pattern|
+ There are many extra items to match various text items. Examples:
+ A "\n" can be used in a search pattern to match a line break.
+ "x\{2,4}" matches "x" 2 to 4 times.
+ "\s" matches a white space character.
+
+Directory, remote and archive browsing. |netrw|
+ Vim can browse the file system. Simply edit a directory. Move around
+ in the list with the usual commands and press <Enter> to go to the
+ directory or file under the cursor.
+ This also works for remote files over ftp, http, ssh, etc.
+ Zip and tar archives can also be browsed. |tar| |zip|
+
+Edit-compile-edit speedup. |quickfix|
+ The |:make| command can be used to run the compilation and jump to the
+ first error. A file with compiler error messages is interpreted. Vim
+ jumps to the first error.
+
+ Each line in the error file is scanned for the name of a file, line
+ number and error message. The 'errorformat' option can be set to a
+ list of scanf-like strings to handle output from many compilers.
+
+ The |:cn| command can be used to jump to the next error.
+ |:cl| lists all the error messages. Other commands are available.
+ The 'makeef' option has the name of the file with error messages.
+ The 'makeprg' option contains the name of the program to be executed
+ with the |:make| command.
+ The 'shellpipe' option contains the string to be used to put the
+ output of the compiler into the errorfile.
+
+Finding matches in files. |:vimgrep|
+ Vim can search for a pattern in multiple files. This uses the
+ advanced Vim regexp pattern, works on all systems and also works to
+ search in compressed files.
+
+Improved indenting for programs. |'cindent'|
+ When the 'cindent' option is on the indent of each line is
+ automatically adjusted. C syntax is mostly recognized. The indent
+ for various styles can be set with 'cinoptions'. The keys to trigger
+ indenting can be set with 'cinkeys'.
+
+ Comments can be automatically formatted. The 'comments' option can be
+ set to the characters that start and end a comment. This works best
+ for C code, but also works for e-mail (">" at start of the line) and
+ other types of text. The |=| operator can be used to re-indent
+ lines.
+
+ For many other languages an indent plugin is present to support
+ automatic indenting. |30.3|
+
+Searching for words in included files. |include-search|
+ The |[i| command can be used to search for a match of the word under
+ the cursor in the current and included files. The 'include' option
+ can be set to a pattern that describes a command to include a file
+ (the default is for C programs).
+ The |[I| command lists all matches, the |[_CTRL-I| command jumps to
+ a match.
+ The |[d|, |[D| and |[_CTRL-D| commands do the same, but only for
+ lines where the pattern given with the 'define' option matches.
+
+Automatic commands. |autocommand|
+ Commands can be automatically executed when reading a file, writing a
+ file, jumping to another buffer, etc., depending on the file name.
+ This is useful to set options and mappings for C programs,
+ documentation, plain text, e-mail, etc. This also makes it possible
+ to edit compressed files.
+
+Scripts and Expressions. |expression|
+ Commands have been added to form up a powerful script language.
+ |:if| Conditional execution, which can be used for example
+ to set options depending on the value of $TERM.
+ |:while| Repeat a number of commands.
+ |:for| Loop over a list.
+ |:echo| Print the result of an expression.
+ |:let| Assign a value to an internal variable, option, etc.
+ Variable types are Number, String, List and Dictionary.
+ |:execute| Execute a command formed by an expression.
+ |:try| Catch exceptions.
+ etc., etc. See |eval|.
+ Debugging and profiling are supported. |debug-scripts| |profile|
+ If this is not enough, an interface is provided to |Python|, |Ruby|,
+ |Tcl|, |Lua|, |Perl| and |MzScheme|.
+
+Viminfo. |viminfo-file|
+ The command-line history, marks and registers can be stored in a file
+ that is read on startup. This can be used to repeat a search command
+ or command-line command after exiting and restarting Vim. It is also
+ possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with |'0|.
+ The 'viminfo' option can be set to select which items to store in the
+ .viminfo file. This is off by default.
+
+Printing. |printing|
+ The |:hardcopy| command sends text to the printer. This can include
+ syntax highlighting.
+
+Mouse support. |mouse-using|
+ The mouse is supported in the GUI version, in an xterm for Unix, for
+ BSDs with sysmouse, for Linux with gpm, and Win32. It can be used to
+ position the cursor, select the visual area, paste a register, etc.
+
+Usage of key names. |<>| |key-notation|
+ Special keys now all have a name like <Up>, <End>, etc.
+ This name can be used in mappings, to make it easy to edit them.
+
+Editing binary files. |edit-binary|
+ Vim can edit binary files. You can change a few characters in an
+ executable file, without corrupting it. Vim doesn't remove NUL
+ characters (they are represented as <NL> internally).
+ |-b| command-line argument to start editing a binary file
+ |'binary'| Option set by |-b|. Prevents adding an <EOL> for the
+ last line in the file.
+
+Multi-language support. |multi-lang|
+ Files in double-byte or multibyte encodings can be edited. There is
+ UTF-8 support to be able to edit various languages at the same time,
+ without switching fonts. |UTF-8|
+ Messages and menus are available in different languages.
+
+Move cursor beyond lines.
+ When the 'virtualedit' option is set the cursor can move all over the
+ screen, also where there is no text. This is useful to edit tables
+ and figures easily.
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Other vim features *other-features*
+
+A random collection of nice extra features.
+
+
+When Vim is started with "-s scriptfile", the characters read from
+"scriptfile" are treated as if you typed them. If end of file is reached
+before the editor exits, further characters are read from the console.
+
+The "-w" option can be used to record all typed characters in a script file.
+This file can then be used to redo the editing, possibly on another file or
+after changing some commands in the script file.
+
+The "-o" option opens a window for each argument. "-o4" opens four windows.
+
+Vi requires several termcap entries to be able to work full-screen. Vim only
+requires the "cm" entry (cursor motion).
+
+
+In command mode:
+
+When the 'showcmd' option is set, the command characters are shown in the last
+line of the screen. They are removed when the command is finished.
+
+If the 'ruler' option is set, the current cursor position is shown in the
+last line of the screen.
+
+"U" still works after having moved off the last changed line and after "u".
+
+Characters with the 8th bit set are displayed. The characters between '~' and
+0xa0 are displayed as "~?", "~@", "~A", etc., unless they are included in the
+'isprint' option.
+
+"][" goes to the next ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).
+"[]" goes to the previous ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).
+
+"]f", "[f" and "gf" start editing the file whose name is under the cursor.
+CTRL-W f splits the window and starts editing the file whose name is under
+the cursor.
+
+"*" searches forward for the identifier under the cursor, "#" backward.
+"K" runs the program defined by the 'keywordprg' option, with the identifier
+under the cursor as argument.
+
+"%" can be preceded with a count. The cursor jumps to the line that
+percentage down in the file. The normal "%" function to jump to the matching
+brace skips braces inside quotes.
+
+With the CTRL-] command, the cursor may be in the middle of the identifier.
+
+The used tags are remembered. Commands that can be used with the tag stack
+are CTRL-T, ":pop" and ":tag". ":tags" lists the tag stack.
+
+Vi uses 'wrapscan' when searching for a tag. When jumping to a tag Vi starts
+searching in line 2 of another file. It does not find a tag in line 1 of
+another file when 'wrapscan' is not set.
+
+The 'tags' option can be set to a list of tag file names. Thus multiple
+tag files can be used. For file names that start with "./", the "./" is
+replaced with the path of the current file. This makes it possible to use a
+tags file in the same directory as the file being edited.
+{Vi: always uses binary search in some versions}
+{Vi does not have the security prevention for commands in tag files}
+
+Previously used file names are remembered in the alternate file name list.
+CTRL-^ accepts a count, which is an index in this list.
+":files" command shows the list of alternate file names.
+"#<N>" is replaced with the <N>th alternate file name in the list.
+"#<" is replaced with the current file name without extension.
+
+Search patterns have more features. The <NL> character is seen as part of the
+search pattern and the substitute string of ":s". Vi sees it as the end of
+the command.
+
+Searches can put the cursor on the end of a match and may include a character
+offset.
+
+Count added to "~", ":next", ":Next", "n" and "N".
+
+The command ":next!" with 'autowrite' set does not write the file. In vi the
+file was written, but this is considered to be a bug, because one does not
+expect it and the file is not written with ":rewind!".
+
+In Vi when entering a <CR> in replace mode deletes a character only when 'ai'
+is set (but does not show it until you hit <Esc>). Vim always deletes a
+character (and shows it immediately).
+
+Added :wnext command. Same as ":write" followed by ":next".
+
+The ":w!" command always writes, also when the file is write protected. In Vi
+you would have to do ":!chmod +w %:S" and ":set noro".
+
+When 'tildeop' has been set, "~" is an operator (must be followed by a
+movement command).
+
+With the "J" (join) command you can reset the 'joinspaces' option to have only
+one space after a period (Vi inserts two spaces).
+
+"cw" can be used to change white space formed by several characters (Vi is
+confusing: "cw" only changes one space, while "dw" deletes all white space).
+{Vi: "cw" when on a blank followed by other blanks changes only the first
+blank; this is probably a bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks}
+
+"o" and "O" accept a count for repeating the insert (Vi clears a part of
+display).
+
+Flags after Ex commands not supported (no plans to include it).
+
+On non-UNIX systems ":cd" command shows current directory instead of going to
+the home directory (there isn't one). ":pwd" prints the current directory on
+all systems.
+
+After a ":cd" command the file names (in the argument list, opened files)
+still point to the same files. In Vi ":cd" is not allowed in a changed file;
+otherwise the meaning of file names change.
+
+":source!" command reads Vi commands from a file.
+
+":mkexrc" command writes current modified options and mappings to a ".exrc"
+file. ":mkvimrc" writes to a ".vimrc" file.
+
+No check for "tail recursion" with mappings. This allows things like
+":map! foo ^]foo".
+
+When a mapping starts with number, vi loses the count typed before it (e.g.
+when using the mapping ":map g 4G" the command "7g" goes to line 4). This is
+considered a vi bug. Vim concatenates the counts (in the example it becomes
+"74G"), as most people would expect.
+
+The :put! command inserts the contents of a register above the current line.
+
+The "p" and "P" commands of vi cannot be repeated with "." when the putted
+text is less than a line. In Vim they can always be repeated.
+
+":noremap" command can be used to enter a mapping that will not be remapped.
+This is useful to exchange the meaning of two keys. ":cmap", ":cunmap" and
+":cnoremap" can be used for mapping in command-line editing only. ":imap",
+":iunmap" and ":inoremap" can be used for mapping in insert mode only.
+Similar commands exist for abbreviations: ":noreabbrev", ":iabbrev"
+":cabbrev", ":iunabbrev", ":cunabbrev", ":inoreabbrev", ":cnoreabbrev".
+
+In Vi the command ":map foo bar" would remove a previous mapping
+":map bug foo". This is considered a bug, so it is not included in Vim.
+":unmap! foo" does remove ":map! bug foo", because unmapping would be very
+difficult otherwise (this is vi compatible).
+
+The ':' register contains the last command-line.
+The '%' register contains the current file name.
+The '.' register contains the last inserted text.
+
+":dis" command shows the contents of the yank registers.
+
+CTRL-O/CTRL-I can be used to jump to older/newer positions. These are the
+same positions as used with the '' command, but may be in another file. The
+":jumps" command lists the older positions.
+
+If the 'shiftround' option is set, an indent is rounded to a multiple of
+'shiftwidth' with ">" and "<" commands.
+
+The 'scrolljump' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to scroll
+when the cursor gets off the screen. Use this when scrolling is slow.
+
+The 'scrolloff' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to keep
+above and below the cursor. This gives some context to where you are
+editing. When set to a large number the cursor line is always in the middle
+of the window.
+
+Uppercase marks can be used to jump between files. The ":marks" command lists
+all currently set marks. The commands "']" and "`]" jump to the end of the
+previous operator or end of the text inserted with the put command. "'[" and
+"`[" do jump to the start. {Vi: no uppercase marks}
+
+The 'shelltype' option can be set to reflect the type of shell used on the
+Amiga.
+
+The 'highlight' option can be set for the highlight mode to be used for
+several commands.
+
+The CTRL-A (add) and CTRL-X (subtract) commands are new. The count to the
+command (default 1) is added to/subtracted from the number at or after the
+cursor. That number may be decimal, octal (starts with a '0') or hexadecimal
+(starts with '0x'). Very useful in macros.
+
+With the :set command the prefix "inv" can be used to invert boolean options.
+
+In both Vi and Vim you can create a line break with the ":substitute" command
+by using a CTRL-M. For Vi this means you cannot insert a real CTRL-M in the
+text. With Vim you can put a real CTRL-M in the text by preceding it with a
+CTRL-V.
+
+
+In Insert mode:
+
+If the 'revins' option is set, insert happens backwards. This is for typing
+Hebrew. When inserting normal characters the cursor will not be shifted and
+the text moves rightwards. Backspace, CTRL-W and CTRL-U will also work in
+the opposite direction. CTRL-B toggles the 'revins' option. In replace mode
+'revins' has no effect. Only when enabled at compile time.
+
+The backspace key can be used just like CTRL-D to remove auto-indents.
+
+You can backspace, CTRL-U and CTRL-W over line breaks if the 'backspace' (bs)
+option includes "eol". You can backspace over the start of insert if the
+'backspace' option includes "start".
+
+When the 'paste' option is set, a few options are reset and mapping in insert
+mode and abbreviation are disabled. This allows for pasting text in windowing
+systems without unexpected results. When the 'paste' option is reset, the old
+option values are restored.
+
+CTRL-T/CTRL-D always insert/delete an indent in the current line, no matter
+what column the cursor is in.
+
+CTRL-@ (insert previously inserted text) works always (Vi: only when typed as
+first character).
+
+CTRL-A works like CTRL-@ but does not leave insert mode.
+
+CTRL-R {register} can be used to insert the contents of a register.
+
+When the 'smartindent' option is set, C programs will be better auto-indented.
+With 'cindent' even more.
+
+CTRL-Y and CTRL-E can be used to copy a character from above/below the
+current cursor position.
+
+After CTRL-V you can enter a three digit decimal number. This byte value is
+inserted in the text as a single character. Useful for international
+characters that are not on your keyboard.
+
+When the 'expandtab' (et) option is set, a <Tab> is expanded to the
+appropriate number of spaces.
+
+The window always reflects the contents of the buffer (Vi does not do this
+when changing text and in some other cases).
+
+If Vim is compiled with DIGRAPHS defined, digraphs are supported. A set of
+normal digraphs is included. They are shown with the ":digraph" command.
+More can be added with ":digraph {char1}{char2} {number}". A digraph is
+entered with "CTRL-K {char1} {char2}" or "{char1} BS {char2}" (only when
+'digraph' option is set).
+
+When repeating an insert, e.g. "10atest <Esc>" vi would only handle wrapmargin
+for the first insert. Vim does it for all.
+
+A count to the "i" or "a" command is used for all the text. Vi uses the count
+only for one line. "3iabc<NL>def<Esc>" would insert "abcabcabc<NL>def" in Vi
+but "abc<NL>defabc<NL>defabc<NL>def" in Vim.
+
+
+In Command-line mode:
+
+<Esc> terminates the command-line without executing it. In vi the command
+line would be executed, which is not what most people expect (hitting <Esc>
+should always get you back to command mode). To avoid problems with some
+obscure macros, an <Esc> in a macro will execute the command. If you want a
+typed <Esc> to execute the command like vi does you can fix this with
+ ":cmap ^V<Esc> ^V<CR>"
+
+General:
+
+The 'ttimeout' option is like 'timeout', but only works for cursor and
+function keys, not for ordinary mapped characters. The 'timeoutlen' option
+gives the number of milliseconds that is waited for. If the 'esckeys' option
+is not set, cursor and function keys that start with <Esc> are not recognized
+in insert mode.
+
+There is an option for each terminal string. Can be used when termcap is not
+supported or to change individual strings.
+
+The 'fileformat' option can be set to select the <EOL>: "dos" <CR><NL>, "unix"
+<NL> or "mac" <CR>.
+When the 'fileformats' option is not empty, Vim tries to detect the type of
+<EOL> automatically. The 'fileformat' option is set accordingly.
+
+On systems that have no job control (older Unix systems and non-Unix systems)
+the CTRL-Z, ":stop" or ":suspend" command starts a new shell.
+
+If Vim is started on the Amiga without an interactive window for output, a
+window is opened (and :sh still works). You can give a device to use for
+editing with the |-d| argument, e.g. "-d con:20/20/600/150".
+
+The 'columns' and 'lines' options are used to set or get the width and height
+of the display.
+
+Option settings are read from the first and last few lines of the file.
+Option 'modelines' determines how many lines are tried (default is 5). Note
+that this is different from the Vi versions that can execute any Ex command
+in a modeline (a major security problem). |trojan-horse|
+
+If the 'insertmode' option is set (e.g. in .exrc), Vim starts in insert mode.
+And it comes back there, when pressing <Esc>.
+
+Undo information is kept in memory. Available memory limits the number and
+size of change that can be undone. This is hardly a problem on the Amiga and
+almost never with Unix and Win32.
+
+If the 'backup' or 'writebackup' option is set: Before a file is overwritten,
+a backup file (.bak) is made. If the "backup" option is set it is left
+behind.
+
+Vim creates a file ending in ".swp" to store parts of the file that have been
+changed or that do not fit in memory. This file can be used to recover from
+an aborted editing session with "vim -r file". Using the swap file can be
+switched off by setting the 'updatecount' option to 0 or starting Vim with
+the "-n" option. Use the 'directory' option for placing the .swp file
+somewhere else.
+
+Vim is able to work correctly on filesystems with 8.3 file names, also when
+using messydos or crossdos filesystems on the Amiga, or any 8.3 mounted
+filesystem under Unix. See |'shortname'|.
+
+Error messages are shown at least one second (Vi overwrites error messages).
+
+If Vim gives the |hit-enter| prompt, you can hit any key. Characters other
+than <CR>, <NL> and <Space> are interpreted as the (start of) a command.
+{Vi: only ":" commands are interpreted}
+
+The contents of the numbered and unnamed registers is remembered when
+changing files.
+
+The "No lines in buffer" message is a normal message instead of an error
+message, since that may cause a mapping to be aborted.
+{Vi: error messages may be overwritten with other messages before you have a
+chance to read them}
+
+The AUX: device of the Amiga is supported.
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Supported Vi features *vi-features*
+
+Vim supports nearly all Vi commands and mostly in the same way. That is when
+the 'compatible' option is set and 'cpoptions' contains all flags. What the
+effect is of resetting 'compatible' and removing flags from 'cpoptions' can be
+found at the help for the specific command.
+
+The help files used to mark features that are in Vim but not in Vi with {not
+in Vi}. However, since these remarks cluttered the help files we now do it
+the other way around: Below is listed what Vi already supported. Anything
+else has been added by Vim.
+
+
+The following Ex commands are supported by Vi: ~
+
+`:abbreviate` enter abbreviation
+`:append` append text
+`:args` print the argument list
+`:cd` change directory; Vi: no "cd -"
+`:change` replace a line or series of lines
+`:chdir` change directory
+`:copy` copy lines
+`:delete` delete lines
+`:edit` edit a file
+`:exit` same as `:xit`
+`:file` show or set the current file name; Vi: without the column number
+`:global` execute commands for matching lines
+`:insert` insert text
+`:join` join lines; Vi: not :join!
+`:k` set a mark
+`:list` print lines
+`:map` show or enter a mapping
+`:mark` set a mark
+`:move` move lines
+`:Next` go to previous file in the argument list {Vi: no count}
+`:next` go to next file in the argument list {Vi: no count}
+`:number` print lines with line number
+`:open` start open mode (not implemented in Vim)
+`:pop` jump to older entry in tag stack (only in some versions)
+`:preserve` write all text to swap file {Vi: might also exit}
+`:previous` same as `:Next` {Vi: only in some versions}
+`:print` print lines
+`:put` insert contents of register in the text
+`:quit` quit Vi
+`:read` read file into the text
+`:recover` recover a file from a swap file {Vi: recovers in another way
+ and sends mail if there is something to recover}
+`:rewind` go to the first file in the argument list; no ++opt
+`:set` set option; but not `:set inv{option}`, `:set option&`,
+ `:set all&`, `:set option+=value`, `:set option^=value`
+ `:set option-=value` `:set option<`
+`:shell` escape to a shell
+`:source` read Vi or Ex commands from a file
+`:stop` suspend the editor or escape to a shell
+`:substitute` find and replace text; Vi: no '&', 'i', 's', 'r' or 'I' flag,
+ confirm prompt only supports 'y' and 'n', no highlighting
+`:suspend` same as ":stop"
+`:t` same as ":copy"
+`:tag` jump to tag
+`:unabbreviate` remove abbreviation
+`:undo` undo last change {Vi: only one level}
+`:unmap` remove mapping
+`:vglobal` execute commands for not matching lines
+`:version` print version number and other info
+`:visual` same as ":edit", but turns off "Ex" mode
+`:wq` write to a file and quit Vi
+`:write` write to a file
+`:xit` write if buffer changed and quit Vi
+`:yank` yank lines into a register
+`:z` print some lines {not in all versions of Vi}
+`:!` filter lines or execute an external command
+`:"` comment
+`:#` same as ":number"
+`:*` execute contents of a register
+`:&` repeat last ":substitute"
+`:<` shift lines one 'shiftwidth' left
+`:=` print the cursor line number
+`:>` shift lines one 'shiftwidth' right
+`:@` execute contents of a register; but not `:@`; `:@@` only in
+ some versions
+
+Common for these commands is that Vi doesn't support the ++opt argument on
+`:edit` and other commands that open a file.
+
+
+The following Normal mode commands are supported by Vi: ~
+
+note: See the beginning of |normal-index| for the meaning of WORD, N, Nmove
+and etc in the description text.
+
+|CTRL-B| scroll N screens Backwards
+|CTRL-C| interrupt current (search) command
+|CTRL-D| scroll Down N lines (default: half a screen); Vim scrolls
+ 'scroll' screen lines, Vi scrolls file lines; makes a
+ difference when lines wrap
+|CTRL-E| scroll N lines upwards (N lines Extra)
+|CTRL-F| scroll N screens Forward
+|CTRL-G| display current file name and position
+|<BS>| same as "h"
+|CTRL-H| same as "h"
+|<NL>| same as "j"
+|CTRL-J| same as "j"
+|CTRL-L| redraw screen
+|<CR>| cursor to the first CHAR N lines lower
+|CTRL-M| same as <CR>
+|CTRL-N| same as "j"
+|CTRL-P| same as "k"
+|CTRL-R| in some Vi versions: same as CTRL-L
+|CTRL-T| jump to N older Tag in tag list
+|CTRL-U| N lines Upwards (default: half a screen) {Vi used file lines
+ while Vim scrolls 'scroll' screen lines; makes a difference
+ when lines wrap}
+|CTRL-Y| scroll N lines downwards
+|CTRL-Z| suspend program (or start new shell)
+|CTRL-]| :ta to ident under cursor {Vi: identifier after the cursor}
+|CTRL-^| edit alternate file {Vi: no count}
+|<Space>| same as "l"
+|!| filter Nmove text through the {filter} command
+|!!| filter N lines through the {filter} command
+" use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank or put
+ (uppercase to append) ({.%#:} only work with put)
+|$| cursor to the end of Nth next line
+|%| find the next (curly/square) bracket on this line and go to
+ its match, or go to matching comment bracket, or go to
+ matching preprocessor directive (Vi: no count supported)
+|&| repeat last :s
+|'| jump to mark (Vi: only lowercase marks)
+|(| cursor N sentences backward
+|)| cursor N sentences forward
+|+| same as <CR>
+|,| repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction N times
+|-| cursor to the first CHAR N lines higher
+|.| repeat last change with count replaced with N
+|/| search forward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern}
+|0| cursor to the first char of the line
+|:| start entering an Ex command
+|;| repeat latest f, t, F or T N times
+|<| shift Nmove lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards
+|<<| shift N lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards
+|=| filter Nmove lines through "indent"
+|==| filter N lines through "indent"
+|>| shift Nmove lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards
+|>>| shift N lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards
+|?| search backward for the Nth previous occurrence of {pattern}
+|@| execute the contents of register {a-z} N times
+ {Vi: only named registers}
+|@@| repeat the previous @{a-z} N times
+|A| append text after the end of the line N times
+|B| cursor N WORDS backward
+|C| change from the cursor position to the end of the line
+|D| delete the characters under the cursor until the end of the
+ line and N-1 more lines [into register x]; synonym for "d$"
+|E| cursor forward to the end of WORD N
+|F| cursor to the Nth occurrence of {char} to the left
+|G| cursor to line N, default last line
+|H| cursor to line N from top of screen
+|I| insert text before the first CHAR on the line N times
+|J| Join N lines; default is 2
+|L| cursor to line N from bottom of screen
+|M| cursor to middle line of screen
+|N| repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times in opposite direction
+|O| begin a new line above the cursor and insert text, repeat N
+ times {Vi: blank [count] screen lines}
+|P| put the text [from register x] before the cursor N times
+ {Vi: no count}
+|Q| switch to "Ex" mode
+|R| enter replace mode: overtype existing characters, repeat the
+ entered text N-1 times
+|S| delete N lines [into register x] and start insert; synonym for
+ "cc".
+|T| cursor till after Nth occurrence of {char} to the left
+|U| undo all latest changes on one line
+ {Vi: while not moved off of the last modified line}
+|W| cursor N WORDS forward
+|X| delete N characters before the cursor [into register x]
+|Y| yank N lines [into register x]; synonym for "yy"
+|ZZ| store current file if modified, and exit
+|[[| cursor N sections backward
+|]]| cursor N sections forward
+|^| cursor to the first CHAR of the line
+|_| cursor to the first CHAR N - 1 lines lower
+|`| cursor to the mark {a-zA-Z0-9}
+|a| append text after the cursor N times
+|b| cursor N words backward
+|c| delete Nmove text [into register x] and start insert
+|cc| delete N lines [into register x] and start insert
+|d| delete Nmove text [into register x]
+|dd| delete N lines [into register x]
+|e| cursor forward to the end of word N
+|f| cursor to Nth occurrence of {char} to the right
+|h| cursor N chars to the left
+|i| insert text before the cursor N times
+|j| cursor N lines downward
+|k| cursor N lines upward
+|l| cursor N chars to the right
+|m| set mark {A-Za-z} at cursor position
+|n| repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times
+|o| begin a new line below the cursor and insert text
+ {Vi: blank [count] screen lines}
+|p| put the text [from register x] after the cursor N times
+ {Vi: no count}
+|r| replace N chars with {char} {Vi: CTRL-V <CR> still replaces
+ with a line break, cannot replace something with a <CR>}
+|s| (substitute) delete N characters [into register x] and start
+ insert
+|t| cursor till before Nth occurrence of {char} to the right
+|u| undo changes {Vi: only one level}
+|w| cursor N words forward
+|x| delete N characters under and after the cursor [into register
+ x]
+|y| yank Nmove text [into register x]
+|yy| yank N lines [into register x]
+|z<CR>| current line to the top
+|z-| current line to the bottom
+|z+| cursor on line N
+|z^| cursor on line N
+|{| cursor N paragraphs backward
+| cursor to column N
+|}| cursor N paragraphs forward
+|~| switch case of N characters under the cursor; Vim: depends on
+ 'tildeop' {Vi: no count, no 'tildeop'}
+|<Del>| same as "x"
+
+
+The following commands are supported in Insert mode by Vi: ~
+
+CTRL-@ insert previously inserted text and stop insert
+ {Vi: only when typed as first char, only up to 128 chars}
+CTRL-C quit insert mode, without checking for abbreviation, unless
+ 'insertmode' set.
+CTRL-D delete one shiftwidth of indent in the current line
+ {Vi: CTRL-D works only when used after autoindent}
+<BS> delete character before the cursor {Vi: does not delete
+ autoindents, does not cross lines, does not delete past start
+ position of insert}
+CTRL-H same as <BS>
+<Tab> insert a <Tab> character
+CTRL-I same as <Tab>
+<NL> same as <CR>
+CTRL-J same as <CR>
+<CR> begin new line
+CTRL-M same as <CR>
+CTRL-T insert one shiftwidth of indent in current line {Vi: only when
+ in indent}
+CTRL-V {char} insert next non-digit literally {Vi: no decimal byte entry}
+CTRL-W delete word before the cursor
+CTRL-Z when 'insertmode' set: suspend Vi
+<Esc> end insert mode (unless 'insertmode' set)
+CTRL-[ same as <Esc>
+0 CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line
+^ CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line, restore it in the next
+ line
+<Del> delete character under the cursor
+
+
+The following options are supported by Vi: ~
+
+'autoindent' 'ai' take indent for new line from previous line
+ {Vi does this slightly differently: After the
+ indent is deleted when typing <Esc> or <CR>, the
+ cursor position when moving up or down is after
+ the deleted indent; Vi puts the cursor somewhere
+ in the deleted indent}.
+'autowrite' 'aw' automatically write file if changed
+'directory' 'dir' list of directory names for the swap file
+ {Vi: directory to put temp file in, defaults to
+ "/tmp"}
+'edcompatible' 'ed' toggle flags of ":substitute" command
+'errorbells' 'eb' ring the bell for error messages
+'ignorecase' 'ic' ignore case in search patterns
+'lines' number of lines in the display
+'lisp' automatic indenting for Lisp {Vi: Does it a little
+ bit differently}
+'list' show <Tab> and <EOL>
+'magic' changes special characters in search patterns
+'modeline' 'ml' recognize 'modelines' at start or end of file
+ {called modelines in some Vi versions}
+'number' 'nu' print the line number in front of each line
+'paragraphs' 'para' nroff macros that separate paragraphs
+'prompt' 'prompt' enable prompt in Ex mode
+'readonly' 'ro' disallow writing the buffer {Vim sets 'readonly'
+ when editing a file with `:view`}
+'remap' allow mappings to work recursively
+'report' threshold for reporting nr. of lines changed
+'scroll' 'scr' lines to scroll with CTRL-U and CTRL-D
+'sections' 'sect' nroff macros that separate sections
+'shell' 'sh' name of shell to use for external commands
+'shiftwidth' 'sw' number of spaces to use for (auto)indent step
+'showmatch' 'sm' briefly jump to matching bracket if insert one
+'showmode' 'smd' message on status line to show current mode
+'tabstop' 'ts' number of spaces that <Tab> in file uses
+'taglength' 'tl' number of significant characters for a tag
+'tags' 'tag' list of file names used by the tag command
+ {Vi: default is "tags /usr/lib/tags"}
+'tagstack' 'tgst' push tags onto the tag stack {not in all versions
+ of Vi}
+'term' name of the terminal
+'terse' shorten some messages
+'timeout' 'to' time out on mappings and key codes
+'timeoutlen' 'tm' time for 'timeout' {only in some Vi versions}
+'ttytype' 'tty' alias for 'term'
+'verbose' 'vbs' give informative messages {only in some Vi
+ versions as a boolean option}
+'warn' warn for shell command when buffer was changed
+'window' 'wi' nr of lines to scroll for CTRL-F and CTRL-B
+ {Vi also uses the option to specify the number of
+ displayed lines}
+'wrapmargin' 'wm' chars from the right where wrapping starts
+ {Vi: works differently and less usefully}
+'wrapscan' 'ws' searches wrap around the end of the file
+'writeany' 'wa' write to file with no need for "!" override
+
+Also see |missing-options|.
+
+==============================================================================
+7. Command-line arguments *cmdline-arguments*
+
+Different versions of Vi have different command-line arguments. This can be
+confusing. To help you, this section gives an overview of the differences.
+
+Five variants of Vi will be considered here:
+ Elvis Elvis version 2.1b
+ Nvi Nvi version 1.79
+ Posix Posix 1003.2
+ Vi Vi version 3.7 (for Sun 4.1.x)
+ Vile Vile version 7.4 (incomplete)
+ Vim Vim version 5.2
+
+Only Vim is able to accept options in between and after the file names.
+
++{command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Same as "-c {command}".
+
+- Nvi, Posix, Vi: Run Ex in batch mode.
+ Vim: Read file from stdin (use -s for batch mode).
+
+-- Vim: End of options, only file names are following.
+
+--cmd {command} Vim: execute {command} before sourcing vimrc files.
+
+--echo-wid Vim: GTK+ echoes the Window ID on stdout
+
+--help Vim: show help message and exit.
+
+--literal Vim: take file names literally, don't expand wildcards.
+
+--nofork Vim: same as |-f|
+
+--noplugin[s] Vim: Skip loading plugins.
+
+--remote Vim: edit the files in another Vim server
+
+--remote-expr {expr} Vim: evaluate {expr} in another Vim server
+
+--remote-send {keys} Vim: send {keys} to a Vim server and exit
+
+--remote-silent {file} Vim: edit the files in another Vim server if possible
+
+--remote-wait Vim: edit the files in another Vim server and wait for it
+
+--remote-wait-silent Vim: like --remote-wait, no complaints if not possible
+
+--role {role} Vim: GTK+ 2: set role of main window
+
+--serverlist Vim: Output a list of Vim servers and exit
+
+--servername {name} Vim: Specify Vim server name
+
+--socketid {id} Vim: GTK window socket to run Vim in
+
+--windowid {id} Vim: Win32 window ID to run Vim in
+
+--version Vim: show version message and exit.
+
+-? Vile: print usage summary and exit.
+
+-a Elvis: Load all specified file names into a window (use -o for
+ Vim).
+
+-A Vim: Start in Arabic mode (when compiled with Arabic).
+
+-b {blksize} Elvis: Use {blksize} blocksize for the session file.
+-b Vim: set 'binary' mode.
+
+-C Vim: Compatible mode.
+
+-c {command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vim: run {command} as an Ex command after
+ loading the edit buffer.
+ Vim: allow up to 10 "-c" arguments
+
+-d {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only). {only when compiled
+ without the |+diff| feature}
+-d Vim: start with 'diff' set. |vimdiff|
+
+-dev {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only).
+
+-D Vim: debug mode.
+
+-e Elvis, Nvi, Vim: Start in Ex mode, as if the executable is
+ called "ex".
+
+-E Vim: Start in improved Ex mode |gQ|, like "exim".
+
+-f Vim: Run GUI in foreground (Amiga: don't open new window).
+-f {session} Elvis: Use {session} as the session file.
+
+-F Vim: Start in Farsi mode (when compiled with Farsi).
+ Nvi: Fast start, don't read the entire file when editing
+ starts.
+
+-G {gui} Elvis: Use the {gui} as user interface.
+
+-g Vim: Start GUI.
+-g N Vile: start editing at line N
+
+-h Vim: Give help message.
+ Vile: edit the help file
+
+-H Vim: start Hebrew mode (when compiled with it).
+
+-i Elvis: Start each window in Insert mode.
+-i {viminfo} Vim: Use {viminfo} for viminfo file.
+
+-L Vim: Same as "-r" {only in some versions of Vi: "List
+ recoverable edit sessions"}.
+
+-l Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options.
+
+-m Vim: Modifications not allowed to be written, resets 'write'
+ option.
+
+-M Vim: Modifications not allowed, resets 'modifiable' and the
+ 'write' option.
+
+-N Vim: No-compatible mode.
+
+-n Vim: No swap file used.
+
+-nb[args] Vim: open a NetBeans interface connection
+
+-O[N] Vim: Like -o, but use vertically split windows.
+
+-o[N] Vim: Open [N] windows, or one for each file.
+
+-p[N] Vim: Open [N] tab pages, or one for each file.
+
+-P {parent-title} Win32 Vim: open Vim inside a parent application window
+
+-q {name} Vim: Use {name} for quickfix error file.
+-q{name} Vim: Idem.
+
+-R Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vile, Vim: Set the 'readonly' option.
+
+-r Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Recovery mode.
+
+-S Nvi: Set 'secure' option.
+-S {script} Vim: source script after starting up.
+
+-s Nvi, Posix, Vim: Same as "-" (silent mode), when in Ex mode.
+ Elvis: Sets the 'safer' option.
+-s {scriptin} Vim: Read from script file {scriptin}; only when not in Ex
+ mode.
+-s {pattern} Vile: search for {pattern}
+
+-t {tag} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Edit the file containing {tag}.
+-t{tag} Vim: Idem.
+
+-T {term} Vim: Set terminal name to {term}.
+
+-u {vimrc} Vim: Read initializations from {vimrc} file.
+
+-U {gvimrc} Vim: Read GUI initializations from {gvimrc} file.
+
+-v Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Begin in Normal mode (visual mode, in Vi
+ terms).
+ Vile: View mode, no changes possible.
+
+-V Elvis, Vim: Verbose mode.
+-V{nr} Vim: Verbose mode with specified level.
+
+-w {size} Elvis, Posix, Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set value of 'window' to {size}.
+-w{size} Nvi, Vi: Same as "-w {size}".
+-w {name} Vim: Write to script file {name} (must start with non-digit).
+
+-W {name} Vim: Append to script file {name}.
+
+-x Vi, Vim: Ask for encryption key. See |encryption|.
+
+-X Vim: Don't connect to the X server.
+
+-y Vim: Start in easy mode, like |evim|.
+
+-Z Vim: restricted mode
+
+@{cmdfile} Vile: use {cmdfile} as startup file.
+
+==============================================================================
+8. POSIX compliance *posix* *posix-compliance*
+
+In 2005 the POSIX test suite was run to check the compatibility of Vim. Most
+of the test was executed properly. There are the few things where Vim
+is not POSIX compliant, even when run in Vi compatibility mode.
+ *$VIM_POSIX*
+Set the $VIM_POSIX environment variable to have 'cpoptions' include the POSIX
+flags when Vim starts up. This makes Vim run as POSIX as it can. That's
+a bit different from being Vi compatible.
+
+You can find the Posix specification for Vi here:
+https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/vi.html
+And the related Ex specification:
+https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/ex.html
+
+This is where Vim does not behave as POSIX specifies and why:
+
+ *posix-screen-size*
+ The $COLUMNS and $LINES environment variables are ignored by Vim if
+ the size can be obtained from the terminal in a more reliable way.
+ Add the '|' flag to 'cpoptions' to have $COLUMNS and $LINES overrule
+ sizes obtained in another way.
+
+ The "{" and "}" commands don't stop at a "{" in the original Vi, but
+ POSIX specifies it does. Add the '{' flag to 'cpoptions' if you want
+ it the POSIX way.
+
+ The "D", "o" and "O" commands accept a count. Also when repeated.
+ Add the '#' flag to 'cpoptions' if you want to ignore the count.
+
+ The ":cd" command fails if the current buffer is modified when the '.'
+ flag is present in 'cpoptions'.
+
+ There is no ATTENTION message, the "A" flag is added to 'shortmess'.
+
+These are remarks about running the POSIX test suite:
+- vi test 33 sometimes fails for unknown reasons
+- vi test 250 fails; behavior will be changed in a new revision
+ http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag-review/msg01710.html
+ (link no longer works, perhaps it's now:
+ https://www.opengroup.org/sophocles/show_mail.tpl?CALLER=show_archive.tpl&source=L&listname=austin-review-l&id=1711)
+- vi test 310 fails; exit code non-zero when any error occurred?
+- ex test 24 fails because test is wrong. Changed between SUSv2 and SUSv3.
+- ex tests 47, 48, 49, 72, 73 fail because .exrc file isn't read in silent
+ mode and $EXINIT isn't used.
+- ex tests 76, 78 fail because echo is used instead of printf. (fixed)
+ Also: problem with \s not changed to space.
+- ex test 355 fails because 'window' isn't used for "30z".
+- ex test 368 fails because shell command isn't echoed in silent mode.
+- ex test 394 fails because "=" command output isn't visible in silent mode.
+- ex test 411 fails because test file is wrong, contains stray ':'.
+- ex test 475 and 476 fail because reprint output isn't visible in silent mode.
+- ex test 480 and 481 fail because the tags file has spaces instead of a tab.
+- ex test 502 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode.
+- ex test 509 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. and exit code is
+ 1 instead of 2.
+- ex test 534 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode.
+
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: