Adding upstream version 0.0~git20240411.9e8c542.upstream/0.0_git20240411.9e8c542upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

8 files changed, 2716 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/private/wasi/descriptor_table.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/private/wasi/descriptor_table.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e9a90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/private/wasi/descriptor_table.h
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#ifndef DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_H
+#define DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_H
+
+#include <wasi/wasip2.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+	int dummy;
+} tcp_socket_state_unbound_t;
+typedef struct {
+	int dummy;
+} tcp_socket_state_bound_t;
+typedef struct {
+	int dummy;
+} tcp_socket_state_connecting_t;
+typedef struct {
+	int dummy;
+} tcp_socket_state_listening_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	streams_own_input_stream_t input;
+	poll_own_pollable_t input_pollable;
+	streams_own_output_stream_t output;
+	poll_own_pollable_t output_pollable;
+} tcp_socket_state_connected_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	network_error_code_t error_code;
+} tcp_socket_state_connect_failed_t;
+
+// This is a tagged union. When adding/removing/renaming cases, be sure to keep the tag and union definitions in sync.
+typedef struct {
+	enum {
+		TCP_SOCKET_STATE_UNBOUND,
+		TCP_SOCKET_STATE_BOUND,
+		TCP_SOCKET_STATE_CONNECTING,
+		TCP_SOCKET_STATE_CONNECTED,
+		TCP_SOCKET_STATE_CONNECT_FAILED,
+		TCP_SOCKET_STATE_LISTENING,
+	} tag;
+	union {
+		tcp_socket_state_unbound_t unbound;
+		tcp_socket_state_bound_t bound;
+		tcp_socket_state_connecting_t connecting;
+		tcp_socket_state_connected_t connected;
+		tcp_socket_state_connect_failed_t connect_failed;
+		tcp_socket_state_listening_t listening;
+	};
+} tcp_socket_state_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	tcp_own_tcp_socket_t socket;
+	poll_own_pollable_t socket_pollable;
+	bool blocking;
+	bool fake_nodelay;
+	bool fake_reuseaddr;
+	network_ip_address_family_t family;
+	tcp_socket_state_t state;
+} tcp_socket_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	udp_own_incoming_datagram_stream_t incoming;
+	poll_own_pollable_t incoming_pollable;
+	udp_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t outgoing;
+	poll_own_pollable_t outgoing_pollable;
+} udp_socket_streams_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int dummy;
+} udp_socket_state_unbound_t;
+typedef struct {
+	int dummy;
+} udp_socket_state_bound_nostreams_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	udp_socket_streams_t streams; // Streams have no remote_address
+} udp_socket_state_bound_streaming_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	udp_socket_streams_t streams; // Streams have a remote_address
+} udp_socket_state_connected_t;
+
+// This is a tagged union. When adding/removing/renaming cases, be sure to keep the tag and union definitions in sync.
+// The "bound" state is split up into two distinct tags:
+// - "bound_nostreams": Bound, but no datagram streams set up (yet). That will be done the first time send or recv is called.
+// - "bound_streaming": Bound with active streams.
+typedef struct {
+	enum {
+		UDP_SOCKET_STATE_UNBOUND,
+		UDP_SOCKET_STATE_BOUND_NOSTREAMS,
+		UDP_SOCKET_STATE_BOUND_STREAMING,
+		UDP_SOCKET_STATE_CONNECTED,
+	} tag;
+	union {
+		udp_socket_state_unbound_t unbound;
+		udp_socket_state_bound_nostreams_t bound_nostreams;
+		udp_socket_state_bound_streaming_t bound_streaming;
+		udp_socket_state_connected_t connected;
+	};
+} udp_socket_state_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	udp_own_udp_socket_t socket;
+	poll_own_pollable_t socket_pollable;
+	bool blocking;
+	network_ip_address_family_t family;
+	udp_socket_state_t state;
+} udp_socket_t;
+
+// This is a tagged union. When adding/removing/renaming cases, be sure to keep the tag and union definitions in sync.
+typedef struct {
+	enum {
+		DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_ENTRY_TCP_SOCKET,
+		DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_ENTRY_UDP_SOCKET,
+	} tag;
+	union {
+		tcp_socket_t tcp_socket;
+		udp_socket_t udp_socket;
+	};
+} descriptor_table_entry_t;
+
+bool descriptor_table_insert(descriptor_table_entry_t entry, int *fd);
+
+bool descriptor_table_get_ref(int fd, descriptor_table_entry_t **entry);
+
+bool descriptor_table_remove(int fd, descriptor_table_entry_t *entry);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/private/wasi/sockets_utils.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/private/wasi/sockets_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93cf1f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/private/wasi/sockets_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#ifndef __wasi_sockets_utils_h
+#define __wasi_sockets_utils_h
+
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+
+#include <wasi/descriptor_table.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+	enum {
+		OUTPUT_SOCKADDR_NULL,
+		OUTPUT_SOCKADDR_V4,
+		OUTPUT_SOCKADDR_V6,
+	} tag;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			int dummy;
+		} null;
+		struct {
+			struct sockaddr_in *addr;
+			socklen_t *addrlen;
+		} v4;
+		struct {
+			struct sockaddr_in6 *addr;
+			socklen_t *addrlen;
+		} v6;
+	};
+} output_sockaddr_t;
+
+network_borrow_network_t __wasi_sockets_utils__borrow_network();
+int __wasi_sockets_utils__map_error(network_error_code_t wasi_error);
+bool __wasi_sockets_utils__parse_address(
+	network_ip_address_family_t expected_family,
+	const struct sockaddr *address, socklen_t len,
+	network_ip_socket_address_t *result, int *error);
+bool __wasi_sockets_utils__output_addr_validate(
+	network_ip_address_family_t expected_family, struct sockaddr *addr,
+	socklen_t *addrlen, output_sockaddr_t *result);
+void __wasi_sockets_utils__output_addr_write(
+	const network_ip_socket_address_t input, output_sockaddr_t *output);
+int __wasi_sockets_utils__posix_family(network_ip_address_family_t wasi_family);
+network_ip_socket_address_t
+__wasi_sockets_utils__any_addr(network_ip_address_family_t family);
+int __wasi_sockets_utils__tcp_bind(tcp_socket_t *socket,
+				   network_ip_socket_address_t *address);
+int __wasi_sockets_utils__udp_bind(udp_socket_t *socket,
+				   network_ip_socket_address_t *address);
+bool __wasi_sockets_utils__stream(udp_socket_t *socket,
+				  network_ip_socket_address_t *remote_address,
+				  udp_socket_streams_t *result,
+				  network_error_code_t *error);
+void __wasi_sockets_utils__drop_streams(udp_socket_streams_t streams);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__errno.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__errno.h
index 4fd983a..008245d 100644
--- a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__errno.h
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__errno.h
@@ -5,16 +5,11 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern thread_local int errno;
-#else
 extern _Thread_local int errno;
-#endif
 
 #define errno errno
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
 #endif
diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_dirent.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_dirent.h
index ccf3def..027fc07 100644
--- a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_dirent.h
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_dirent.h
@@ -11,12 +11,16 @@
 #define DT_REG __WASI_FILETYPE_REGULAR_FILE
 #define DT_UNKNOWN __WASI_FILETYPE_UNKNOWN
 
+// DT_SOCK is not supported in WASI Preview 1 (but will be in Preview 2).  We
+// define it regardless so that libc++'s `<filesystem>` implementation builds.
+// The exact value is mostly arbitrary, but chosen so it doesn't conflict with
+// any of the existing `__WASI_FILETYPE_*` flags.  We do not expect any new
+// flags to be added to WASI Preview 1, so that should be sufficient.
+#define DT_SOCK 20
+
 #define IFTODT(x) (__wasilibc_iftodt(x))
 #define DTTOIF(x) (__wasilibc_dttoif(x))
 
-int __wasilibc_iftodt(int x);
-int __wasilibc_dttoif(int x);
-
 #include <__struct_dirent.h>
 #include <__typedef_DIR.h>
 
@@ -24,6 +28,9 @@ int __wasilibc_dttoif(int x);
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+int __wasilibc_iftodt(int x);
+int __wasilibc_dttoif(int x);
+
 int closedir(DIR *);
 DIR *opendir(const char *);
 DIR *fdopendir(int);
diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_sys_socket.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_sys_socket.h
index 8ba4eff..fa98cca 100644
--- a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_sys_socket.h
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__header_sys_socket.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef __wasilibc___header_sys_socket_h
 #define __wasilibc___header_sys_socket_h
 
+#include <__wasi_snapshot.h>
 #include <__struct_msghdr.h>
 #include <__struct_sockaddr.h>
 #include <__struct_sockaddr_storage.h>
@@ -11,9 +12,42 @@
 #define SHUT_WR __WASI_SDFLAGS_WR
 #define SHUT_RDWR (SHUT_RD | SHUT_WR)
 
+#ifdef __wasilibc_use_wasip2
+#define MSG_DONTWAIT  0x0040
+#define MSG_NOSIGNAL  0x4000
+#define MSG_PEEK      0x0002
+#define MSG_WAITALL   0x0100
+#define MSG_TRUNC     0x0020
+
+#define SOL_IP     0
+#define SOL_TCP    6
+#define SOL_UDP    17
+#define SOL_IPV6   41
+
+#define SOMAXCONN 128
+
+#define SO_REUSEADDR 2
+#define SO_ERROR 4
+#define SO_SNDBUF 7
+#define SO_RCVBUF 8
+#define SO_KEEPALIVE 9
+#define SO_ACCEPTCONN 30
+#define SO_PROTOCOL 38
+#define SO_DOMAIN 39
+ 
+#if __LONG_MAX == 0x7fffffff
+#define SO_RCVTIMEO     66
+#define SO_SNDTIMEO     67
+#else
+#define SO_RCVTIMEO     20
+#define SO_SNDTIMEO     21
+#endif
+
+#else // __wasilibc_use_wasip2
 #define MSG_PEEK __WASI_RIFLAGS_RECV_PEEK
 #define MSG_WAITALL __WASI_RIFLAGS_RECV_WAITALL
 #define MSG_TRUNC __WASI_ROFLAGS_RECV_DATA_TRUNCATED
+#endif // __wasilibc_use_wasip2
 
 #define SOCK_DGRAM __WASI_FILETYPE_SOCKET_DGRAM
 #define SOCK_STREAM __WASI_FILETYPE_SOCKET_STREAM
diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__mode_t.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__mode_t.h
index c0beef5..d2dbe04 100644
--- a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__mode_t.h
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__mode_t.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #define S_IFLNK (0xa000)
 #define S_IFREG (0x8000)
 #define S_IFSOCK (0xc000)
-#define S_IFIFO (0xc000)
+#define S_IFIFO (0x1000)
 
 #define S_ISBLK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)
 #define S_ISCHR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__wasi_snapshot.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__wasi_snapshot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a10078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/__wasi_snapshot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/* This file is (practically) empty by default.  The Makefile will replace it
+   with a non-empty version that defines `__wasilibc_use_wasip2` if targeting
+   `wasm32-wasip2`.
+ */
+
diff --git a/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/wasi/wasip2.h b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/wasi/wasip2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49bb9b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc-bottom-half/headers/public/wasi/wasip2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2486 @@
+// Generated by `wit-bindgen` 0.17.0. DO NOT EDIT!
+#ifndef __BINDINGS_WASIP2_H
+#define __BINDINGS_WASIP2_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t*ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} wasip2_string_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  wasip2_string_t f0;
+  wasip2_string_t f1;
+} wasip2_tuple2_string_string_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  wasip2_tuple2_string_string_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} wasip2_list_tuple2_string_string_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  wasip2_string_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} wasip2_list_string_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  wasip2_string_t val;
+} wasip2_option_string_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+} exit_result_void_void_t;
+
+typedef struct io_error_own_error_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} io_error_own_error_t;
+
+typedef struct io_error_borrow_error_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} io_error_borrow_error_t;
+
+typedef struct poll_own_pollable_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} poll_own_pollable_t;
+
+typedef struct poll_borrow_pollable_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} poll_borrow_pollable_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  poll_borrow_pollable_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} poll_list_borrow_pollable_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} wasip2_list_u32_t;
+
+typedef io_error_own_error_t streams_own_error_t;
+
+// An error for input-stream and output-stream operations.
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t tag;
+  union {
+    streams_own_error_t last_operation_failed;
+  } val;
+} streams_stream_error_t;
+
+// The last operation (a write or flush) failed before completion.
+// 
+// More information is available in the `error` payload.
+#define STREAMS_STREAM_ERROR_LAST_OPERATION_FAILED 0
+// The stream is closed: no more input will be accepted by the
+// stream. A closed output-stream will return this error on all
+// future operations.
+#define STREAMS_STREAM_ERROR_CLOSED 1
+
+typedef struct streams_own_input_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} streams_own_input_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct streams_borrow_input_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} streams_borrow_input_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct streams_own_output_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} streams_own_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct streams_borrow_output_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} streams_borrow_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} wasip2_list_u8_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    wasip2_list_u8_t ok;
+    streams_stream_error_t err;
+  } val;
+} streams_result_list_u8_stream_error_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    uint64_t ok;
+    streams_stream_error_t err;
+  } val;
+} streams_result_u64_stream_error_t;
+
+typedef poll_own_pollable_t streams_own_pollable_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    streams_stream_error_t err;
+  } val;
+} streams_result_void_stream_error_t;
+
+typedef streams_own_input_stream_t stdin_own_input_stream_t;
+
+typedef streams_own_output_stream_t stdout_own_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef streams_own_output_stream_t stderr_own_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct terminal_input_own_terminal_input_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} terminal_input_own_terminal_input_t;
+
+typedef struct terminal_input_borrow_terminal_input_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} terminal_input_borrow_terminal_input_t;
+
+typedef struct terminal_output_own_terminal_output_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} terminal_output_own_terminal_output_t;
+
+typedef struct terminal_output_borrow_terminal_output_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} terminal_output_borrow_terminal_output_t;
+
+typedef terminal_input_own_terminal_input_t terminal_stdin_own_terminal_input_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  terminal_stdin_own_terminal_input_t val;
+} terminal_stdin_option_own_terminal_input_t;
+
+typedef terminal_output_own_terminal_output_t terminal_stdout_own_terminal_output_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  terminal_stdout_own_terminal_output_t val;
+} terminal_stdout_option_own_terminal_output_t;
+
+typedef terminal_output_own_terminal_output_t terminal_stderr_own_terminal_output_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  terminal_stderr_own_terminal_output_t val;
+} terminal_stderr_option_own_terminal_output_t;
+
+// An instant in time, in nanoseconds. An instant is relative to an
+// unspecified initial value, and can only be compared to instances from
+// the same monotonic-clock.
+typedef uint64_t monotonic_clock_instant_t;
+
+// A duration of time, in nanoseconds.
+typedef uint64_t monotonic_clock_duration_t;
+
+typedef poll_own_pollable_t monotonic_clock_own_pollable_t;
+
+// A time and date in seconds plus nanoseconds.
+typedef struct {
+  uint64_t seconds;
+  uint32_t nanoseconds;
+} wall_clock_datetime_t;
+
+typedef wall_clock_datetime_t filesystem_datetime_t;
+
+// File size or length of a region within a file.
+typedef uint64_t filesystem_filesize_t;
+
+// The type of a filesystem object referenced by a descriptor.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `filetype` in earlier versions of WASI.
+typedef uint8_t filesystem_descriptor_type_t;
+
+// The type of the descriptor or file is unknown or is different from
+// any of the other types specified.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0
+// The descriptor refers to a block device inode.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BLOCK_DEVICE 1
+// The descriptor refers to a character device inode.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_CHARACTER_DEVICE 2
+// The descriptor refers to a directory inode.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DIRECTORY 3
+// The descriptor refers to a named pipe.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIFO 4
+// The file refers to a symbolic link inode.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SYMBOLIC_LINK 5
+// The descriptor refers to a regular file inode.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_REGULAR_FILE 6
+// The descriptor refers to a socket.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SOCKET 7
+
+// Descriptor flags.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `fdflags` in earlier versions of WASI.
+typedef uint8_t filesystem_descriptor_flags_t;
+
+// Read mode: Data can be read.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS_READ (1 << 0)
+// Write mode: Data can be written to.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS_WRITE (1 << 1)
+// Request that writes be performed according to synchronized I/O file
+// integrity completion. The data stored in the file and the file's
+// metadata are synchronized. This is similar to `O_SYNC` in POSIX.
+// 
+// The precise semantics of this operation have not yet been defined for
+// WASI. At this time, it should be interpreted as a request, and not a
+// requirement.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS_FILE_INTEGRITY_SYNC (1 << 2)
+// Request that writes be performed according to synchronized I/O data
+// integrity completion. Only the data stored in the file is
+// synchronized. This is similar to `O_DSYNC` in POSIX.
+// 
+// The precise semantics of this operation have not yet been defined for
+// WASI. At this time, it should be interpreted as a request, and not a
+// requirement.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS_DATA_INTEGRITY_SYNC (1 << 3)
+// Requests that reads be performed at the same level of integrety
+// requested for writes. This is similar to `O_RSYNC` in POSIX.
+// 
+// The precise semantics of this operation have not yet been defined for
+// WASI. At this time, it should be interpreted as a request, and not a
+// requirement.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS_REQUESTED_WRITE_SYNC (1 << 4)
+// Mutating directories mode: Directory contents may be mutated.
+// 
+// When this flag is unset on a descriptor, operations using the
+// descriptor which would create, rename, delete, modify the data or
+// metadata of filesystem objects, or obtain another handle which
+// would permit any of those, shall fail with `error-code::read-only` if
+// they would otherwise succeed.
+// 
+// This may only be set on directories.
+#define FILESYSTEM_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS_MUTATE_DIRECTORY (1 << 5)
+
+// Flags determining the method of how paths are resolved.
+typedef uint8_t filesystem_path_flags_t;
+
+// As long as the resolved path corresponds to a symbolic link, it is
+// expanded.
+#define FILESYSTEM_PATH_FLAGS_SYMLINK_FOLLOW (1 << 0)
+
+// Open flags used by `open-at`.
+typedef uint8_t filesystem_open_flags_t;
+
+// Create file if it does not exist, similar to `O_CREAT` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_OPEN_FLAGS_CREATE (1 << 0)
+// Fail if not a directory, similar to `O_DIRECTORY` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_OPEN_FLAGS_DIRECTORY (1 << 1)
+// Fail if file already exists, similar to `O_EXCL` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_OPEN_FLAGS_EXCLUSIVE (1 << 2)
+// Truncate file to size 0, similar to `O_TRUNC` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_OPEN_FLAGS_TRUNCATE (1 << 3)
+
+// Number of hard links to an inode.
+typedef uint64_t filesystem_link_count_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  filesystem_datetime_t val;
+} filesystem_option_datetime_t;
+
+// File attributes.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `filestat` in earlier versions of WASI.
+typedef struct {
+  // File type.
+  filesystem_descriptor_type_t type;
+  // Number of hard links to the file.
+  filesystem_link_count_t link_count;
+  // For regular files, the file size in bytes. For symbolic links, the
+  // length in bytes of the pathname contained in the symbolic link.
+  filesystem_filesize_t size;
+  // Last data access timestamp.
+  // 
+  // If the `option` is none, the platform doesn't maintain an access
+  // timestamp for this file.
+  filesystem_option_datetime_t data_access_timestamp;
+  // Last data modification timestamp.
+  // 
+  // If the `option` is none, the platform doesn't maintain a
+  // modification timestamp for this file.
+  filesystem_option_datetime_t data_modification_timestamp;
+  // Last file status-change timestamp.
+  // 
+  // If the `option` is none, the platform doesn't maintain a
+  // status-change timestamp for this file.
+  filesystem_option_datetime_t status_change_timestamp;
+} filesystem_descriptor_stat_t;
+
+// When setting a timestamp, this gives the value to set it to.
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t tag;
+  union {
+    filesystem_datetime_t timestamp;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_new_timestamp_t;
+
+// Leave the timestamp set to its previous value.
+#define FILESYSTEM_NEW_TIMESTAMP_NO_CHANGE 0
+// Set the timestamp to the current time of the system clock associated
+// with the filesystem.
+#define FILESYSTEM_NEW_TIMESTAMP_NOW 1
+// Set the timestamp to the given value.
+#define FILESYSTEM_NEW_TIMESTAMP_TIMESTAMP 2
+
+// A directory entry.
+typedef struct {
+  // The type of the file referred to by this directory entry.
+  filesystem_descriptor_type_t type;
+  // The name of the object.
+  wasip2_string_t name;
+} filesystem_directory_entry_t;
+
+// Error codes returned by functions, similar to `errno` in POSIX.
+// Not all of these error codes are returned by the functions provided by this
+// API; some are used in higher-level library layers, and others are provided
+// merely for alignment with POSIX.
+typedef uint8_t filesystem_error_code_t;
+
+// Permission denied, similar to `EACCES` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_ACCESS 0
+// Resource unavailable, or operation would block, similar to `EAGAIN` and `EWOULDBLOCK` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_WOULD_BLOCK 1
+// Connection already in progress, similar to `EALREADY` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_ALREADY 2
+// Bad descriptor, similar to `EBADF` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_BAD_DESCRIPTOR 3
+// Device or resource busy, similar to `EBUSY` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_BUSY 4
+// Resource deadlock would occur, similar to `EDEADLK` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_DEADLOCK 5
+// Storage quota exceeded, similar to `EDQUOT` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_QUOTA 6
+// File exists, similar to `EEXIST` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_EXIST 7
+// File too large, similar to `EFBIG` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_FILE_TOO_LARGE 8
+// Illegal byte sequence, similar to `EILSEQ` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_ILLEGAL_BYTE_SEQUENCE 9
+// Operation in progress, similar to `EINPROGRESS` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_IN_PROGRESS 10
+// Interrupted function, similar to `EINTR` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_INTERRUPTED 11
+// Invalid argument, similar to `EINVAL` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_INVALID 12
+// I/O error, similar to `EIO` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_IO 13
+// Is a directory, similar to `EISDIR` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_IS_DIRECTORY 14
+// Too many levels of symbolic links, similar to `ELOOP` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_LOOP 15
+// Too many links, similar to `EMLINK` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_TOO_MANY_LINKS 16
+// Message too large, similar to `EMSGSIZE` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_MESSAGE_SIZE 17
+// Filename too long, similar to `ENAMETOOLONG` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NAME_TOO_LONG 18
+// No such device, similar to `ENODEV` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NO_DEVICE 19
+// No such file or directory, similar to `ENOENT` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NO_ENTRY 20
+// No locks available, similar to `ENOLCK` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NO_LOCK 21
+// Not enough space, similar to `ENOMEM` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY 22
+// No space left on device, similar to `ENOSPC` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE 23
+// Not a directory or a symbolic link to a directory, similar to `ENOTDIR` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NOT_DIRECTORY 24
+// Directory not empty, similar to `ENOTEMPTY` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NOT_EMPTY 25
+// State not recoverable, similar to `ENOTRECOVERABLE` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NOT_RECOVERABLE 26
+// Not supported, similar to `ENOTSUP` and `ENOSYS` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_UNSUPPORTED 27
+// Inappropriate I/O control operation, similar to `ENOTTY` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NO_TTY 28
+// No such device or address, similar to `ENXIO` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NO_SUCH_DEVICE 29
+// Value too large to be stored in data type, similar to `EOVERFLOW` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_OVERFLOW 30
+// Operation not permitted, similar to `EPERM` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_NOT_PERMITTED 31
+// Broken pipe, similar to `EPIPE` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_PIPE 32
+// Read-only file system, similar to `EROFS` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_READ_ONLY 33
+// Invalid seek, similar to `ESPIPE` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_INVALID_SEEK 34
+// Text file busy, similar to `ETXTBSY` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_TEXT_FILE_BUSY 35
+// Cross-device link, similar to `EXDEV` in POSIX.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ERROR_CODE_CROSS_DEVICE 36
+
+// File or memory access pattern advisory information.
+typedef uint8_t filesystem_advice_t;
+
+// The application has no advice to give on its behavior with respect
+// to the specified data.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ADVICE_NORMAL 0
+// The application expects to access the specified data sequentially
+// from lower offsets to higher offsets.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ADVICE_SEQUENTIAL 1
+// The application expects to access the specified data in a random
+// order.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ADVICE_RANDOM 2
+// The application expects to access the specified data in the near
+// future.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ADVICE_WILL_NEED 3
+// The application expects that it will not access the specified data
+// in the near future.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ADVICE_DONT_NEED 4
+// The application expects to access the specified data once and then
+// not reuse it thereafter.
+#define FILESYSTEM_ADVICE_NO_REUSE 5
+
+// A 128-bit hash value, split into parts because wasm doesn't have a
+// 128-bit integer type.
+typedef struct {
+  // 64 bits of a 128-bit hash value.
+  uint64_t lower;
+  // Another 64 bits of a 128-bit hash value.
+  uint64_t upper;
+} filesystem_metadata_hash_value_t;
+
+typedef struct filesystem_own_descriptor_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} filesystem_own_descriptor_t;
+
+typedef struct filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t;
+
+typedef struct filesystem_own_directory_entry_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} filesystem_own_directory_entry_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct filesystem_borrow_directory_entry_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} filesystem_borrow_directory_entry_stream_t;
+
+typedef streams_own_input_stream_t filesystem_own_input_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_own_input_stream_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_own_input_stream_error_code_t;
+
+typedef streams_own_output_stream_t filesystem_own_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_own_output_stream_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_own_output_stream_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_void_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_descriptor_flags_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_descriptor_flags_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_descriptor_type_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_descriptor_type_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  wasip2_list_u8_t f0;
+  bool f1;
+} wasip2_tuple2_list_u8_bool_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    wasip2_tuple2_list_u8_bool_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_tuple2_list_u8_bool_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_filesize_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_filesize_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_own_directory_entry_stream_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_own_directory_entry_stream_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_descriptor_stat_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_descriptor_stat_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_own_descriptor_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_own_descriptor_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    wasip2_string_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_string_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_metadata_hash_value_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_metadata_hash_value_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  filesystem_directory_entry_t val;
+} filesystem_option_directory_entry_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    filesystem_option_directory_entry_t ok;
+    filesystem_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} filesystem_result_option_directory_entry_error_code_t;
+
+typedef io_error_borrow_error_t filesystem_borrow_error_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  filesystem_error_code_t val;
+} filesystem_option_error_code_t;
+
+typedef filesystem_own_descriptor_t filesystem_preopens_own_descriptor_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  filesystem_preopens_own_descriptor_t f0;
+  wasip2_string_t f1;
+} filesystem_preopens_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  filesystem_preopens_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} filesystem_preopens_list_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_t;
+
+typedef struct network_own_network_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} network_own_network_t;
+
+typedef struct network_borrow_network_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} network_borrow_network_t;
+
+// Error codes.
+// 
+// In theory, every API can return any error code.
+// In practice, API's typically only return the errors documented per API
+// combined with a couple of errors that are always possible:
+// - `unknown`
+// - `access-denied`
+// - `not-supported`
+// - `out-of-memory`
+// - `concurrency-conflict`
+// 
+// See each individual API for what the POSIX equivalents are. They sometimes differ per API.
+typedef uint8_t network_error_code_t;
+
+// Unknown error
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN 0
+// Access denied.
+// 
+// POSIX equivalent: EACCES, EPERM
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_ACCESS_DENIED 1
+// The operation is not supported.
+// 
+// POSIX equivalent: EOPNOTSUPP
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_NOT_SUPPORTED 2
+// One of the arguments is invalid.
+// 
+// POSIX equivalent: EINVAL
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_INVALID_ARGUMENT 3
+// Not enough memory to complete the operation.
+// 
+// POSIX equivalent: ENOMEM, ENOBUFS, EAI_MEMORY
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY 4
+// The operation timed out before it could finish completely.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_TIMEOUT 5
+// This operation is incompatible with another asynchronous operation that is already in progress.
+// 
+// POSIX equivalent: EALREADY
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_CONCURRENCY_CONFLICT 6
+// Trying to finish an asynchronous operation that:
+// - has not been started yet, or:
+// - was already finished by a previous `finish-*` call.
+// 
+// Note: this is scheduled to be removed when `future`s are natively supported.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_NOT_IN_PROGRESS 7
+// The operation has been aborted because it could not be completed immediately.
+// 
+// Note: this is scheduled to be removed when `future`s are natively supported.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_WOULD_BLOCK 8
+// The operation is not valid in the socket's current state.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_INVALID_STATE 9
+// A new socket resource could not be created because of a system limit.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_NEW_SOCKET_LIMIT 10
+// A bind operation failed because the provided address is not an address that the `network` can bind to.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_ADDRESS_NOT_BINDABLE 11
+// A bind operation failed because the provided address is already in use or because there are no ephemeral ports available.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_ADDRESS_IN_USE 12
+// The remote address is not reachable
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_REMOTE_UNREACHABLE 13
+// The TCP connection was forcefully rejected
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_CONNECTION_REFUSED 14
+// The TCP connection was reset.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_CONNECTION_RESET 15
+// A TCP connection was aborted.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_CONNECTION_ABORTED 16
+// The size of a datagram sent to a UDP socket exceeded the maximum
+// supported size.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_DATAGRAM_TOO_LARGE 17
+// Name does not exist or has no suitable associated IP addresses.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_NAME_UNRESOLVABLE 18
+// A temporary failure in name resolution occurred.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_TEMPORARY_RESOLVER_FAILURE 19
+// A permanent failure in name resolution occurred.
+#define NETWORK_ERROR_CODE_PERMANENT_RESOLVER_FAILURE 20
+
+typedef uint8_t network_ip_address_family_t;
+
+// Similar to `AF_INET` in POSIX.
+#define NETWORK_IP_ADDRESS_FAMILY_IPV4 0
+// Similar to `AF_INET6` in POSIX.
+#define NETWORK_IP_ADDRESS_FAMILY_IPV6 1
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t f0;
+  uint8_t f1;
+  uint8_t f2;
+  uint8_t f3;
+} network_ipv4_address_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint16_t f0;
+  uint16_t f1;
+  uint16_t f2;
+  uint16_t f3;
+  uint16_t f4;
+  uint16_t f5;
+  uint16_t f6;
+  uint16_t f7;
+} network_ipv6_address_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t tag;
+  union {
+    network_ipv4_address_t ipv4;
+    network_ipv6_address_t ipv6;
+  } val;
+} network_ip_address_t;
+
+#define NETWORK_IP_ADDRESS_IPV4 0
+#define NETWORK_IP_ADDRESS_IPV6 1
+
+typedef struct {
+  // sin_port
+  uint16_t port;
+  // sin_addr
+  network_ipv4_address_t address;
+} network_ipv4_socket_address_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  // sin6_port
+  uint16_t port;
+  // sin6_flowinfo
+  uint32_t flow_info;
+  // sin6_addr
+  network_ipv6_address_t address;
+  // sin6_scope_id
+  uint32_t scope_id;
+} network_ipv6_socket_address_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t tag;
+  union {
+    network_ipv4_socket_address_t ipv4;
+    network_ipv6_socket_address_t ipv6;
+  } val;
+} network_ip_socket_address_t;
+
+#define NETWORK_IP_SOCKET_ADDRESS_IPV4 0
+#define NETWORK_IP_SOCKET_ADDRESS_IPV6 1
+
+typedef network_own_network_t instance_network_own_network_t;
+
+typedef network_error_code_t udp_error_code_t;
+
+typedef network_ip_socket_address_t udp_ip_socket_address_t;
+
+typedef network_ip_address_family_t udp_ip_address_family_t;
+
+// A received datagram.
+typedef struct {
+  // The payload.
+  // 
+  // Theoretical max size: ~64 KiB. In practice, typically less than 1500 bytes.
+  wasip2_list_u8_t data;
+  // The source address.
+  // 
+  // This field is guaranteed to match the remote address the stream was initialized with, if any.
+  // 
+  // Equivalent to the `src_addr` out parameter of `recvfrom`.
+  udp_ip_socket_address_t remote_address;
+} udp_incoming_datagram_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  udp_ip_socket_address_t val;
+} udp_option_ip_socket_address_t;
+
+// A datagram to be sent out.
+typedef struct {
+  // The payload.
+  wasip2_list_u8_t data;
+  // The destination address.
+  // 
+  // The requirements on this field depend on how the stream was initialized:
+  // - with a remote address: this field must be None or match the stream's remote address exactly.
+  // - without a remote address: this field is required.
+  // 
+  // If this value is None, the send operation is equivalent to `send` in POSIX. Otherwise it is equivalent to `sendto`.
+  udp_option_ip_socket_address_t remote_address;
+} udp_outgoing_datagram_t;
+
+typedef struct udp_own_udp_socket_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} udp_own_udp_socket_t;
+
+typedef struct udp_borrow_udp_socket_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} udp_borrow_udp_socket_t;
+
+typedef struct udp_own_incoming_datagram_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} udp_own_incoming_datagram_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct udp_borrow_incoming_datagram_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} udp_borrow_incoming_datagram_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct udp_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} udp_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream_t;
+
+typedef network_borrow_network_t udp_borrow_network_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    udp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} udp_result_void_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  udp_own_incoming_datagram_stream_t f0;
+  udp_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t f1;
+} udp_tuple2_own_incoming_datagram_stream_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    udp_tuple2_own_incoming_datagram_stream_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t ok;
+    udp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} udp_result_tuple2_own_incoming_datagram_stream_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    udp_ip_socket_address_t ok;
+    udp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} udp_result_ip_socket_address_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    uint8_t ok;
+    udp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} udp_result_u8_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    uint64_t ok;
+    udp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} udp_result_u64_error_code_t;
+
+typedef poll_own_pollable_t udp_own_pollable_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  udp_incoming_datagram_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} udp_list_incoming_datagram_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    udp_list_incoming_datagram_t ok;
+    udp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} udp_result_list_incoming_datagram_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  udp_outgoing_datagram_t *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} udp_list_outgoing_datagram_t;
+
+typedef network_error_code_t udp_create_socket_error_code_t;
+
+typedef network_ip_address_family_t udp_create_socket_ip_address_family_t;
+
+typedef udp_own_udp_socket_t udp_create_socket_own_udp_socket_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    udp_create_socket_own_udp_socket_t ok;
+    udp_create_socket_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} udp_create_socket_result_own_udp_socket_error_code_t;
+
+typedef monotonic_clock_duration_t tcp_duration_t;
+
+typedef network_error_code_t tcp_error_code_t;
+
+typedef network_ip_socket_address_t tcp_ip_socket_address_t;
+
+typedef network_ip_address_family_t tcp_ip_address_family_t;
+
+typedef uint8_t tcp_shutdown_type_t;
+
+// Similar to `SHUT_RD` in POSIX.
+#define TCP_SHUTDOWN_TYPE_RECEIVE 0
+// Similar to `SHUT_WR` in POSIX.
+#define TCP_SHUTDOWN_TYPE_SEND 1
+// Similar to `SHUT_RDWR` in POSIX.
+#define TCP_SHUTDOWN_TYPE_BOTH 2
+
+typedef struct tcp_own_tcp_socket_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} tcp_own_tcp_socket_t;
+
+typedef struct tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t;
+
+typedef network_borrow_network_t tcp_borrow_network_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_void_error_code_t;
+
+typedef streams_own_input_stream_t tcp_own_input_stream_t;
+
+typedef streams_own_output_stream_t tcp_own_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  tcp_own_input_stream_t f0;
+  tcp_own_output_stream_t f1;
+} tcp_tuple2_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    tcp_tuple2_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_t ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_tuple2_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  tcp_own_tcp_socket_t f0;
+  tcp_own_input_stream_t f1;
+  tcp_own_output_stream_t f2;
+} tcp_tuple3_own_tcp_socket_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    tcp_tuple3_own_tcp_socket_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_t ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_tuple3_own_tcp_socket_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    tcp_ip_socket_address_t ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_ip_socket_address_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    bool ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_bool_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    tcp_duration_t ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_duration_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    uint32_t ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_u32_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    uint8_t ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_u8_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    uint64_t ok;
+    tcp_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_result_u64_error_code_t;
+
+typedef poll_own_pollable_t tcp_own_pollable_t;
+
+typedef network_error_code_t tcp_create_socket_error_code_t;
+
+typedef network_ip_address_family_t tcp_create_socket_ip_address_family_t;
+
+typedef tcp_own_tcp_socket_t tcp_create_socket_own_tcp_socket_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    tcp_create_socket_own_tcp_socket_t ok;
+    tcp_create_socket_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} tcp_create_socket_result_own_tcp_socket_error_code_t;
+
+typedef network_error_code_t ip_name_lookup_error_code_t;
+
+typedef network_ip_address_t ip_name_lookup_ip_address_t;
+
+typedef struct ip_name_lookup_own_resolve_address_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} ip_name_lookup_own_resolve_address_stream_t;
+
+typedef struct ip_name_lookup_borrow_resolve_address_stream_t {
+  int32_t __handle;
+} ip_name_lookup_borrow_resolve_address_stream_t;
+
+typedef network_borrow_network_t ip_name_lookup_borrow_network_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    ip_name_lookup_own_resolve_address_stream_t ok;
+    ip_name_lookup_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} ip_name_lookup_result_own_resolve_address_stream_error_code_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_some;
+  ip_name_lookup_ip_address_t val;
+} ip_name_lookup_option_ip_address_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool is_err;
+  union {
+    ip_name_lookup_option_ip_address_t ok;
+    ip_name_lookup_error_code_t err;
+  } val;
+} ip_name_lookup_result_option_ip_address_error_code_t;
+
+typedef poll_own_pollable_t ip_name_lookup_own_pollable_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint64_t f0;
+  uint64_t f1;
+} wasip2_tuple2_u64_u64_t;
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/environment@0.2.0`
+// Get the POSIX-style environment variables.
+// 
+// Each environment variable is provided as a pair of string variable names
+// and string value.
+// 
+// Morally, these are a value import, but until value imports are available
+// in the component model, this import function should return the same
+// values each time it is called.
+extern void environment_get_environment(wasip2_list_tuple2_string_string_t *ret);
+// Get the POSIX-style arguments to the program.
+extern void environment_get_arguments(wasip2_list_string_t *ret);
+// Return a path that programs should use as their initial current working
+// directory, interpreting `.` as shorthand for this.
+extern bool environment_initial_cwd(wasip2_string_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/exit@0.2.0`
+// Exit the current instance and any linked instances.
+extern void exit_exit(exit_result_void_void_t *status);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:io/error@0.2.0`
+// Returns a string that is suitable to assist humans in debugging
+// this error.
+// 
+// WARNING: The returned string should not be consumed mechanically!
+// It may change across platforms, hosts, or other implementation
+// details. Parsing this string is a major platform-compatibility
+// hazard.
+extern void io_error_method_error_to_debug_string(io_error_borrow_error_t self, wasip2_string_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:io/poll@0.2.0`
+// Return the readiness of a pollable. This function never blocks.
+// 
+// Returns `true` when the pollable is ready, and `false` otherwise.
+extern bool poll_method_pollable_ready(poll_borrow_pollable_t self);
+// `block` returns immediately if the pollable is ready, and otherwise
+// blocks until ready.
+// 
+// This function is equivalent to calling `poll.poll` on a list
+// containing only this pollable.
+extern void poll_method_pollable_block(poll_borrow_pollable_t self);
+// Poll for completion on a set of pollables.
+// 
+// This function takes a list of pollables, which identify I/O sources of
+// interest, and waits until one or more of the events is ready for I/O.
+// 
+// The result `list<u32>` contains one or more indices of handles in the
+// argument list that is ready for I/O.
+// 
+// If the list contains more elements than can be indexed with a `u32`
+// value, this function traps.
+// 
+// A timeout can be implemented by adding a pollable from the
+// wasi-clocks API to the list.
+// 
+// This function does not return a `result`; polling in itself does not
+// do any I/O so it doesn't fail. If any of the I/O sources identified by
+// the pollables has an error, it is indicated by marking the source as
+// being reaedy for I/O.
+extern void poll_poll(poll_list_borrow_pollable_t *in, wasip2_list_u32_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:io/streams@0.2.0`
+// Perform a non-blocking read from the stream.
+// 
+// When the source of a `read` is binary data, the bytes from the source
+// are returned verbatim. When the source of a `read` is known to the
+// implementation to be text, bytes containing the UTF-8 encoding of the
+// text are returned.
+// 
+// This function returns a list of bytes containing the read data,
+// when successful. The returned list will contain up to `len` bytes;
+// it may return fewer than requested, but not more. The list is
+// empty when no bytes are available for reading at this time. The
+// pollable given by `subscribe` will be ready when more bytes are
+// available.
+// 
+// This function fails with a `stream-error` when the operation
+// encounters an error, giving `last-operation-failed`, or when the
+// stream is closed, giving `closed`.
+// 
+// When the caller gives a `len` of 0, it represents a request to
+// read 0 bytes. If the stream is still open, this call should
+// succeed and return an empty list, or otherwise fail with `closed`.
+// 
+// The `len` parameter is a `u64`, which could represent a list of u8 which
+// is not possible to allocate in wasm32, or not desirable to allocate as
+// as a return value by the callee. The callee may return a list of bytes
+// less than `len` in size while more bytes are available for reading.
+extern bool streams_method_input_stream_read(streams_borrow_input_stream_t self, uint64_t len, wasip2_list_u8_t *ret, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Read bytes from a stream, after blocking until at least one byte can
+// be read. Except for blocking, behavior is identical to `read`.
+extern bool streams_method_input_stream_blocking_read(streams_borrow_input_stream_t self, uint64_t len, wasip2_list_u8_t *ret, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Skip bytes from a stream. Returns number of bytes skipped.
+// 
+// Behaves identical to `read`, except instead of returning a list
+// of bytes, returns the number of bytes consumed from the stream.
+extern bool streams_method_input_stream_skip(streams_borrow_input_stream_t self, uint64_t len, uint64_t *ret, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Skip bytes from a stream, after blocking until at least one byte
+// can be skipped. Except for blocking behavior, identical to `skip`.
+extern bool streams_method_input_stream_blocking_skip(streams_borrow_input_stream_t self, uint64_t len, uint64_t *ret, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once either the specified stream
+// has bytes available to read or the other end of the stream has been
+// closed.
+// The created `pollable` is a child resource of the `input-stream`.
+// Implementations may trap if the `input-stream` is dropped before
+// all derived `pollable`s created with this function are dropped.
+extern streams_own_pollable_t streams_method_input_stream_subscribe(streams_borrow_input_stream_t self);
+// Check readiness for writing. This function never blocks.
+// 
+// Returns the number of bytes permitted for the next call to `write`,
+// or an error. Calling `write` with more bytes than this function has
+// permitted will trap.
+// 
+// When this function returns 0 bytes, the `subscribe` pollable will
+// become ready when this function will report at least 1 byte, or an
+// error.
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_check_write(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, uint64_t *ret, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Perform a write. This function never blocks.
+// 
+// When the destination of a `write` is binary data, the bytes from
+// `contents` are written verbatim. When the destination of a `write` is
+// known to the implementation to be text, the bytes of `contents` are
+// transcoded from UTF-8 into the encoding of the destination and then
+// written.
+// 
+// Precondition: check-write gave permit of Ok(n) and contents has a
+// length of less than or equal to n. Otherwise, this function will trap.
+// 
+// returns Err(closed) without writing if the stream has closed since
+// the last call to check-write provided a permit.
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_write(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, wasip2_list_u8_t *contents, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Perform a write of up to 4096 bytes, and then flush the stream. Block
+// until all of these operations are complete, or an error occurs.
+// 
+// This is a convenience wrapper around the use of `check-write`,
+// `subscribe`, `write`, and `flush`, and is implemented with the
+// following pseudo-code:
+// 
+// ```text
+// let pollable = this.subscribe();
+// while !contents.is_empty() {
+// // Wait for the stream to become writable
+// pollable.block();
+// let Ok(n) = this.check-write(); // eliding error handling
+// let len = min(n, contents.len());
+// let (chunk, rest) = contents.split_at(len);
+// this.write(chunk  );            // eliding error handling
+// contents = rest;
+// }
+// this.flush();
+// // Wait for completion of `flush`
+// pollable.block();
+// // Check for any errors that arose during `flush`
+// let _ = this.check-write();         // eliding error handling
+// ```
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_blocking_write_and_flush(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, wasip2_list_u8_t *contents, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Request to flush buffered output. This function never blocks.
+// 
+// This tells the output-stream that the caller intends any buffered
+// output to be flushed. the output which is expected to be flushed
+// is all that has been passed to `write` prior to this call.
+// 
+// Upon calling this function, the `output-stream` will not accept any
+// writes (`check-write` will return `ok(0)`) until the flush has
+// completed. The `subscribe` pollable will become ready when the
+// flush has completed and the stream can accept more writes.
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_flush(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Request to flush buffered output, and block until flush completes
+// and stream is ready for writing again.
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_blocking_flush(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once the output-stream
+// is ready for more writing, or an error has occured. When this
+// pollable is ready, `check-write` will return `ok(n)` with n>0, or an
+// error.
+// 
+// If the stream is closed, this pollable is always ready immediately.
+// 
+// The created `pollable` is a child resource of the `output-stream`.
+// Implementations may trap if the `output-stream` is dropped before
+// all derived `pollable`s created with this function are dropped.
+extern streams_own_pollable_t streams_method_output_stream_subscribe(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self);
+// Write zeroes to a stream.
+// 
+// This should be used precisely like `write` with the exact same
+// preconditions (must use check-write first), but instead of
+// passing a list of bytes, you simply pass the number of zero-bytes
+// that should be written.
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_write_zeroes(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, uint64_t len, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Perform a write of up to 4096 zeroes, and then flush the stream.
+// Block until all of these operations are complete, or an error
+// occurs.
+// 
+// This is a convenience wrapper around the use of `check-write`,
+// `subscribe`, `write-zeroes`, and `flush`, and is implemented with
+// the following pseudo-code:
+// 
+// ```text
+// let pollable = this.subscribe();
+// while num_zeroes != 0 {
+// // Wait for the stream to become writable
+// pollable.block();
+// let Ok(n) = this.check-write(); // eliding error handling
+// let len = min(n, num_zeroes);
+// this.write-zeroes(len);         // eliding error handling
+// num_zeroes -= len;
+// }
+// this.flush();
+// // Wait for completion of `flush`
+// pollable.block();
+// // Check for any errors that arose during `flush`
+// let _ = this.check-write();         // eliding error handling
+// ```
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_blocking_write_zeroes_and_flush(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, uint64_t len, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Read from one stream and write to another.
+// 
+// The behavior of splice is equivelant to:
+// 1. calling `check-write` on the `output-stream`
+// 2. calling `read` on the `input-stream` with the smaller of the
+// `check-write` permitted length and the `len` provided to `splice`
+// 3. calling `write` on the `output-stream` with that read data.
+// 
+// Any error reported by the call to `check-write`, `read`, or
+// `write` ends the splice and reports that error.
+// 
+// This function returns the number of bytes transferred; it may be less
+// than `len`.
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_splice(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, streams_borrow_input_stream_t src, uint64_t len, uint64_t *ret, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+// Read from one stream and write to another, with blocking.
+// 
+// This is similar to `splice`, except that it blocks until the
+// `output-stream` is ready for writing, and the `input-stream`
+// is ready for reading, before performing the `splice`.
+extern bool streams_method_output_stream_blocking_splice(streams_borrow_output_stream_t self, streams_borrow_input_stream_t src, uint64_t len, uint64_t *ret, streams_stream_error_t *err);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/stdin@0.2.0`
+extern stdin_own_input_stream_t stdin_get_stdin(void);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/stdout@0.2.0`
+extern stdout_own_output_stream_t stdout_get_stdout(void);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/stderr@0.2.0`
+extern stderr_own_output_stream_t stderr_get_stderr(void);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/terminal-stdin@0.2.0`
+// If stdin is connected to a terminal, return a `terminal-input` handle
+// allowing further interaction with it.
+extern bool terminal_stdin_get_terminal_stdin(terminal_stdin_own_terminal_input_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/terminal-stdout@0.2.0`
+// If stdout is connected to a terminal, return a `terminal-output` handle
+// allowing further interaction with it.
+extern bool terminal_stdout_get_terminal_stdout(terminal_stdout_own_terminal_output_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:cli/terminal-stderr@0.2.0`
+// If stderr is connected to a terminal, return a `terminal-output` handle
+// allowing further interaction with it.
+extern bool terminal_stderr_get_terminal_stderr(terminal_stderr_own_terminal_output_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:clocks/monotonic-clock@0.2.0`
+// Read the current value of the clock.
+// 
+// The clock is monotonic, therefore calling this function repeatedly will
+// produce a sequence of non-decreasing values.
+extern monotonic_clock_instant_t monotonic_clock_now(void);
+// Query the resolution of the clock. Returns the duration of time
+// corresponding to a clock tick.
+extern monotonic_clock_duration_t monotonic_clock_resolution(void);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once the specified instant
+// occured.
+extern monotonic_clock_own_pollable_t monotonic_clock_subscribe_instant(monotonic_clock_instant_t when);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once the given duration has
+// elapsed, starting at the time at which this function was called.
+// occured.
+extern monotonic_clock_own_pollable_t monotonic_clock_subscribe_duration(monotonic_clock_duration_t when);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:clocks/wall-clock@0.2.0`
+// Read the current value of the clock.
+// 
+// This clock is not monotonic, therefore calling this function repeatedly
+// will not necessarily produce a sequence of non-decreasing values.
+// 
+// The returned timestamps represent the number of seconds since
+// 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z, also known as [POSIX's Seconds Since the Epoch],
+// also known as [Unix Time].
+// 
+// The nanoseconds field of the output is always less than 1000000000.
+// 
+// [POSIX's Seconds Since the Epoch]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/xrat/V4_xbd_chap04.html#tag_21_04_16
+// [Unix Time]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time
+extern void wall_clock_now(wall_clock_datetime_t *ret);
+// Query the resolution of the clock.
+// 
+// The nanoseconds field of the output is always less than 1000000000.
+extern void wall_clock_resolution(wall_clock_datetime_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:filesystem/types@0.2.0`
+// Return a stream for reading from a file, if available.
+// 
+// May fail with an error-code describing why the file cannot be read.
+// 
+// Multiple read, write, and append streams may be active on the same open
+// file and they do not interfere with each other.
+// 
+// Note: This allows using `read-stream`, which is similar to `read` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_read_via_stream(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_filesize_t offset, filesystem_own_input_stream_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Return a stream for writing to a file, if available.
+// 
+// May fail with an error-code describing why the file cannot be written.
+// 
+// Note: This allows using `write-stream`, which is similar to `write` in
+// POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_write_via_stream(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_filesize_t offset, filesystem_own_output_stream_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Return a stream for appending to a file, if available.
+// 
+// May fail with an error-code describing why the file cannot be appended.
+// 
+// Note: This allows using `write-stream`, which is similar to `write` with
+// `O_APPEND` in in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_append_via_stream(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_own_output_stream_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Provide file advisory information on a descriptor.
+// 
+// This is similar to `posix_fadvise` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_advise(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_filesize_t offset, filesystem_filesize_t length, filesystem_advice_t advice, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Synchronize the data of a file to disk.
+// 
+// This function succeeds with no effect if the file descriptor is not
+// opened for writing.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `fdatasync` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_sync_data(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Get flags associated with a descriptor.
+// 
+// Note: This returns similar flags to `fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)` in POSIX.
+// 
+// Note: This returns the value that was the `fs_flags` value returned
+// from `fdstat_get` in earlier versions of WASI.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_get_flags(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_descriptor_flags_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Get the dynamic type of a descriptor.
+// 
+// Note: This returns the same value as the `type` field of the `fd-stat`
+// returned by `stat`, `stat-at` and similar.
+// 
+// Note: This returns similar flags to the `st_mode & S_IFMT` value provided
+// by `fstat` in POSIX.
+// 
+// Note: This returns the value that was the `fs_filetype` value returned
+// from `fdstat_get` in earlier versions of WASI.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_get_type(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_descriptor_type_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Adjust the size of an open file. If this increases the file's size, the
+// extra bytes are filled with zeros.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `fd_filestat_set_size` in earlier versions of WASI.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_set_size(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_filesize_t size, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Adjust the timestamps of an open file or directory.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `futimens` in POSIX.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `fd_filestat_set_times` in earlier versions of WASI.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_set_times(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_new_timestamp_t *data_access_timestamp, filesystem_new_timestamp_t *data_modification_timestamp, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Read from a descriptor, without using and updating the descriptor's offset.
+// 
+// This function returns a list of bytes containing the data that was
+// read, along with a bool which, when true, indicates that the end of the
+// file was reached. The returned list will contain up to `length` bytes; it
+// may return fewer than requested, if the end of the file is reached or
+// if the I/O operation is interrupted.
+// 
+// In the future, this may change to return a `stream<u8, error-code>`.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `pread` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_read(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_filesize_t length, filesystem_filesize_t offset, wasip2_tuple2_list_u8_bool_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Write to a descriptor, without using and updating the descriptor's offset.
+// 
+// It is valid to write past the end of a file; the file is extended to the
+// extent of the write, with bytes between the previous end and the start of
+// the write set to zero.
+// 
+// In the future, this may change to take a `stream<u8, error-code>`.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `pwrite` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_write(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, wasip2_list_u8_t *buffer, filesystem_filesize_t offset, filesystem_filesize_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Read directory entries from a directory.
+// 
+// On filesystems where directories contain entries referring to themselves
+// and their parents, often named `.` and `..` respectively, these entries
+// are omitted.
+// 
+// This always returns a new stream which starts at the beginning of the
+// directory. Multiple streams may be active on the same directory, and they
+// do not interfere with each other.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_read_directory(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_own_directory_entry_stream_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Synchronize the data and metadata of a file to disk.
+// 
+// This function succeeds with no effect if the file descriptor is not
+// opened for writing.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `fsync` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_sync(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a directory.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `mkdirat` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_create_directory_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, wasip2_string_t *path, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Return the attributes of an open file or directory.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `fstat` in POSIX, except that it does not return
+// device and inode information. For testing whether two descriptors refer to
+// the same underlying filesystem object, use `is-same-object`. To obtain
+// additional data that can be used do determine whether a file has been
+// modified, use `metadata-hash`.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `fd_filestat_get` in earlier versions of WASI.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_stat(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_descriptor_stat_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Return the attributes of a file or directory.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `fstatat` in POSIX, except that it does not
+// return device and inode information. See the `stat` description for a
+// discussion of alternatives.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `path_filestat_get` in earlier versions of WASI.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_stat_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_path_flags_t path_flags, wasip2_string_t *path, filesystem_descriptor_stat_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Adjust the timestamps of a file or directory.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `utimensat` in POSIX.
+// 
+// Note: This was called `path_filestat_set_times` in earlier versions of
+// WASI.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_set_times_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_path_flags_t path_flags, wasip2_string_t *path, filesystem_new_timestamp_t *data_access_timestamp, filesystem_new_timestamp_t *data_modification_timestamp, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a hard link.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `linkat` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_link_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_path_flags_t old_path_flags, wasip2_string_t *old_path, filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t new_descriptor, wasip2_string_t *new_path, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Open a file or directory.
+// 
+// The returned descriptor is not guaranteed to be the lowest-numbered
+// descriptor not currently open/ it is randomized to prevent applications
+// from depending on making assumptions about indexes, since this is
+// error-prone in multi-threaded contexts. The returned descriptor is
+// guaranteed to be less than 2**31.
+// 
+// If `flags` contains `descriptor-flags::mutate-directory`, and the base
+// descriptor doesn't have `descriptor-flags::mutate-directory` set,
+// `open-at` fails with `error-code::read-only`.
+// 
+// If `flags` contains `write` or `mutate-directory`, or `open-flags`
+// contains `truncate` or `create`, and the base descriptor doesn't have
+// `descriptor-flags::mutate-directory` set, `open-at` fails with
+// `error-code::read-only`.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `openat` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_open_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_path_flags_t path_flags, wasip2_string_t *path, filesystem_open_flags_t open_flags, filesystem_descriptor_flags_t flags, filesystem_own_descriptor_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Read the contents of a symbolic link.
+// 
+// If the contents contain an absolute or rooted path in the underlying
+// filesystem, this function fails with `error-code::not-permitted`.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `readlinkat` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_readlink_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, wasip2_string_t *path, wasip2_string_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Remove a directory.
+// 
+// Return `error-code::not-empty` if the directory is not empty.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `unlinkat(fd, path, AT_REMOVEDIR)` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_remove_directory_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, wasip2_string_t *path, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Rename a filesystem object.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `renameat` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_rename_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, wasip2_string_t *old_path, filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t new_descriptor, wasip2_string_t *new_path, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a symbolic link (also known as a "symlink").
+// 
+// If `old-path` starts with `/`, the function fails with
+// `error-code::not-permitted`.
+// 
+// Note: This is similar to `symlinkat` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_symlink_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, wasip2_string_t *old_path, wasip2_string_t *new_path, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Unlink a filesystem object that is not a directory.
+// 
+// Return `error-code::is-directory` if the path refers to a directory.
+// Note: This is similar to `unlinkat(fd, path, 0)` in POSIX.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_unlink_file_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, wasip2_string_t *path, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Test whether two descriptors refer to the same filesystem object.
+// 
+// In POSIX, this corresponds to testing whether the two descriptors have the
+// same device (`st_dev`) and inode (`st_ino` or `d_ino`) numbers.
+// wasi-filesystem does not expose device and inode numbers, so this function
+// may be used instead.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_is_same_object(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t other);
+// Return a hash of the metadata associated with a filesystem object referred
+// to by a descriptor.
+// 
+// This returns a hash of the last-modification timestamp and file size, and
+// may also include the inode number, device number, birth timestamp, and
+// other metadata fields that may change when the file is modified or
+// replaced. It may also include a secret value chosen by the
+// implementation and not otherwise exposed.
+// 
+// Implementations are encourated to provide the following properties:
+// 
+// - If the file is not modified or replaced, the computed hash value should
+// usually not change.
+// - If the object is modified or replaced, the computed hash value should
+// usually change.
+// - The inputs to the hash should not be easily computable from the
+// computed hash.
+// 
+// However, none of these is required.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_metadata_hash(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_metadata_hash_value_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Return a hash of the metadata associated with a filesystem object referred
+// to by a directory descriptor and a relative path.
+// 
+// This performs the same hash computation as `metadata-hash`.
+extern bool filesystem_method_descriptor_metadata_hash_at(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t self, filesystem_path_flags_t path_flags, wasip2_string_t *path, filesystem_metadata_hash_value_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Read a single directory entry from a `directory-entry-stream`.
+extern bool filesystem_method_directory_entry_stream_read_directory_entry(filesystem_borrow_directory_entry_stream_t self, filesystem_option_directory_entry_t *ret, filesystem_error_code_t *err);
+// Attempts to extract a filesystem-related `error-code` from the stream
+// `error` provided.
+// 
+// Stream operations which return `stream-error::last-operation-failed`
+// have a payload with more information about the operation that failed.
+// This payload can be passed through to this function to see if there's
+// filesystem-related information about the error to return.
+// 
+// Note that this function is fallible because not all stream-related
+// errors are filesystem-related errors.
+extern bool filesystem_filesystem_error_code(filesystem_borrow_error_t err_, filesystem_error_code_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:filesystem/preopens@0.2.0`
+// Return the set of preopened directories, and their path.
+extern void filesystem_preopens_get_directories(filesystem_preopens_list_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_t *ret);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:sockets/instance-network@0.2.0`
+// Get a handle to the default network.
+extern instance_network_own_network_t instance_network_instance_network(void);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:sockets/udp@0.2.0`
+// Bind the socket to a specific network on the provided IP address and port.
+// 
+// If the IP address is zero (`0.0.0.0` in IPv4, `::` in IPv6), it is left to the implementation to decide which
+// network interface(s) to bind to.
+// If the port is zero, the socket will be bound to a random free port.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The `local-address` has the wrong address family. (EAFNOSUPPORT, EFAULT on Windows)
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is already bound. (EINVAL)
+// - `address-in-use`:            No ephemeral ports available. (EADDRINUSE, ENOBUFS on Windows)
+// - `address-in-use`:            Address is already in use. (EADDRINUSE)
+// - `address-not-bindable`:      `local-address` is not an address that the `network` can bind to. (EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+// - `not-in-progress`:           A `bind` operation is not in progress.
+// - `would-block`:               Can't finish the operation, it is still in progress. (EWOULDBLOCK, EAGAIN)
+// 
+// # Implementors note
+// Unlike in POSIX, in WASI the bind operation is async. This enables
+// interactive WASI hosts to inject permission prompts. Runtimes that
+// don't want to make use of this ability can simply call the native
+// `bind` as part of either `start-bind` or `finish-bind`.
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/bind.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/bind.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-bind>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2&format=html>
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_start_bind(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, udp_borrow_network_t network, udp_ip_socket_address_t *local_address, udp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_finish_bind(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Set up inbound & outbound communication channels, optionally to a specific peer.
+// 
+// This function only changes the local socket configuration and does not generate any network traffic.
+// On success, the `remote-address` of the socket is updated. The `local-address` may be updated as well,
+// based on the best network path to `remote-address`.
+// 
+// When a `remote-address` is provided, the returned streams are limited to communicating with that specific peer:
+// - `send` can only be used to send to this destination.
+// - `receive` will only return datagrams sent from the provided `remote-address`.
+// 
+// This method may be called multiple times on the same socket to change its association, but
+// only the most recently returned pair of streams will be operational. Implementations may trap if
+// the streams returned by a previous invocation haven't been dropped yet before calling `stream` again.
+// 
+// The POSIX equivalent in pseudo-code is:
+// ```text
+// if (was previously connected) {
+// connect(s, AF_UNSPEC)
+// }
+// if (remote_address is Some) {
+// connect(s, remote_address)
+// }
+// ```
+// 
+// Unlike in POSIX, the socket must already be explicitly bound.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The `remote-address` has the wrong address family. (EAFNOSUPPORT)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The IP address in `remote-address` is set to INADDR_ANY (`0.0.0.0` / `::`). (EDESTADDRREQ, EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The port in `remote-address` is set to 0. (EDESTADDRREQ, EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is not bound.
+// - `address-in-use`:            Tried to perform an implicit bind, but there were no ephemeral ports available. (EADDRINUSE, EADDRNOTAVAIL on Linux, EAGAIN on BSD)
+// - `remote-unreachable`:        The remote address is not reachable. (ECONNRESET, ENETRESET, EHOSTUNREACH, EHOSTDOWN, ENETUNREACH, ENETDOWN, ENONET)
+// - `connection-refused`:        The connection was refused. (ECONNREFUSED)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect>
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_stream(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, udp_ip_socket_address_t *maybe_remote_address, udp_tuple2_own_incoming_datagram_stream_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Get the current bound address.
+// 
+// POSIX mentions:
+// > If the socket has not been bound to a local name, the value
+// > stored in the object pointed to by `address` is unspecified.
+// 
+// WASI is stricter and requires `local-address` to return `invalid-state` when the socket hasn't been bound yet.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-state`: The socket is not bound to any local address.
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getsockname.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getsockname.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-getsockname>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?getsockname>
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_local_address(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, udp_ip_socket_address_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Get the address the socket is currently streaming to.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-state`: The socket is not streaming to a specific remote address. (ENOTCONN)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getpeername.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getpeername.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-getpeername>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getpeername&sektion=2&n=1>
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_remote_address(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, udp_ip_socket_address_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Whether this is a IPv4 or IPv6 socket.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the SO_DOMAIN socket option.
+extern udp_ip_address_family_t udp_method_udp_socket_address_family(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self);
+// Equivalent to the IP_TTL & IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket options.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The TTL value must be 1 or higher.
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_unicast_hop_limit(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, uint8_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_set_unicast_hop_limit(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, uint8_t value, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// The kernel buffer space reserved for sends/receives on this socket.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// Any other value will never cause an error, but it might be silently clamped and/or rounded.
+// I.e. after setting a value, reading the same setting back may return a different value.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the SO_RCVBUF and SO_SNDBUF socket options.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The provided value was 0.
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_receive_buffer_size(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, uint64_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_set_receive_buffer_size(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, uint64_t value, udp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_send_buffer_size(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, uint64_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool udp_method_udp_socket_set_send_buffer_size(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self, uint64_t value, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once the socket is ready for I/O.
+// 
+// Note: this function is here for WASI Preview2 only.
+// It's planned to be removed when `future` is natively supported in Preview3.
+extern udp_own_pollable_t udp_method_udp_socket_subscribe(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t self);
+// Receive messages on the socket.
+// 
+// This function attempts to receive up to `max-results` datagrams on the socket without blocking.
+// The returned list may contain fewer elements than requested, but never more.
+// 
+// This function returns successfully with an empty list when either:
+// - `max-results` is 0, or:
+// - `max-results` is greater than 0, but no results are immediately available.
+// This function never returns `error(would-block)`.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `remote-unreachable`: The remote address is not reachable. (ECONNRESET, ENETRESET on Windows, EHOSTUNREACH, EHOSTDOWN, ENETUNREACH, ENETDOWN, ENONET)
+// - `connection-refused`: The connection was refused. (ECONNREFUSED)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/recvfrom.html>
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/recvmsg.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/recv.2.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/recvmmsg.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-recv>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-recvfrom>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/legacy/ms741687(v=vs.85)>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=recv&sektion=2>
+extern bool udp_method_incoming_datagram_stream_receive(udp_borrow_incoming_datagram_stream_t self, uint64_t max_results, udp_list_incoming_datagram_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once the stream is ready to receive again.
+// 
+// Note: this function is here for WASI Preview2 only.
+// It's planned to be removed when `future` is natively supported in Preview3.
+extern udp_own_pollable_t udp_method_incoming_datagram_stream_subscribe(udp_borrow_incoming_datagram_stream_t self);
+// Check readiness for sending. This function never blocks.
+// 
+// Returns the number of datagrams permitted for the next call to `send`,
+// or an error. Calling `send` with more datagrams than this function has
+// permitted will trap.
+// 
+// When this function returns ok(0), the `subscribe` pollable will
+// become ready when this function will report at least ok(1), or an
+// error.
+// 
+// Never returns `would-block`.
+extern bool udp_method_outgoing_datagram_stream_check_send(udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream_t self, uint64_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Send messages on the socket.
+// 
+// This function attempts to send all provided `datagrams` on the socket without blocking and
+// returns how many messages were actually sent (or queued for sending). This function never
+// returns `error(would-block)`. If none of the datagrams were able to be sent, `ok(0)` is returned.
+// 
+// This function semantically behaves the same as iterating the `datagrams` list and sequentially
+// sending each individual datagram until either the end of the list has been reached or the first error occurred.
+// If at least one datagram has been sent successfully, this function never returns an error.
+// 
+// If the input list is empty, the function returns `ok(0)`.
+// 
+// Each call to `send` must be permitted by a preceding `check-send`. Implementations must trap if
+// either `check-send` was not called or `datagrams` contains more items than `check-send` permitted.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:        The `remote-address` has the wrong address family. (EAFNOSUPPORT)
+// - `invalid-argument`:        The IP address in `remote-address` is set to INADDR_ANY (`0.0.0.0` / `::`). (EDESTADDRREQ, EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+// - `invalid-argument`:        The port in `remote-address` is set to 0. (EDESTADDRREQ, EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+// - `invalid-argument`:        The socket is in "connected" mode and `remote-address` is `some` value that does not match the address passed to `stream`. (EISCONN)
+// - `invalid-argument`:        The socket is not "connected" and no value for `remote-address` was provided. (EDESTADDRREQ)
+// - `remote-unreachable`:      The remote address is not reachable. (ECONNRESET, ENETRESET on Windows, EHOSTUNREACH, EHOSTDOWN, ENETUNREACH, ENETDOWN, ENONET)
+// - `connection-refused`:      The connection was refused. (ECONNREFUSED)
+// - `datagram-too-large`:      The datagram is too large. (EMSGSIZE)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/sendto.html>
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/sendmsg.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/send.2.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/sendmmsg.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-send>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-sendto>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-wsasendmsg>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send&sektion=2>
+extern bool udp_method_outgoing_datagram_stream_send(udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream_t self, udp_list_outgoing_datagram_t *datagrams, uint64_t *ret, udp_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once the stream is ready to send again.
+// 
+// Note: this function is here for WASI Preview2 only.
+// It's planned to be removed when `future` is natively supported in Preview3.
+extern udp_own_pollable_t udp_method_outgoing_datagram_stream_subscribe(udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream_t self);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:sockets/udp-create-socket@0.2.0`
+// Create a new UDP socket.
+// 
+// Similar to `socket(AF_INET or AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)` in POSIX.
+// On IPv6 sockets, IPV6_V6ONLY is enabled by default and can't be configured otherwise.
+// 
+// This function does not require a network capability handle. This is considered to be safe because
+// at time of creation, the socket is not bound to any `network` yet. Up to the moment `bind` is called,
+// the socket is effectively an in-memory configuration object, unable to communicate with the outside world.
+// 
+// All sockets are non-blocking. Use the wasi-poll interface to block on asynchronous operations.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `not-supported`:     The specified `address-family` is not supported. (EAFNOSUPPORT)
+// - `new-socket-limit`:  The new socket resource could not be created because of a system limit. (EMFILE, ENFILE)
+// 
+// # References:
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/socket.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/socket.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-wsasocketw>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=socket&sektion=2>
+extern bool udp_create_socket_create_udp_socket(udp_create_socket_ip_address_family_t address_family, udp_create_socket_own_udp_socket_t *ret, udp_create_socket_error_code_t *err);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:sockets/tcp@0.2.0`
+// Bind the socket to a specific network on the provided IP address and port.
+// 
+// If the IP address is zero (`0.0.0.0` in IPv4, `::` in IPv6), it is left to the implementation to decide which
+// network interface(s) to bind to.
+// If the TCP/UDP port is zero, the socket will be bound to a random free port.
+// 
+// Bind can be attempted multiple times on the same socket, even with
+// different arguments on each iteration. But never concurrently and
+// only as long as the previous bind failed. Once a bind succeeds, the
+// binding can't be changed anymore.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The `local-address` has the wrong address family. (EAFNOSUPPORT, EFAULT on Windows)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          `local-address` is not a unicast address. (EINVAL)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          `local-address` is an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. (EINVAL)
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is already bound. (EINVAL)
+// - `address-in-use`:            No ephemeral ports available. (EADDRINUSE, ENOBUFS on Windows)
+// - `address-in-use`:            Address is already in use. (EADDRINUSE)
+// - `address-not-bindable`:      `local-address` is not an address that the `network` can bind to. (EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+// - `not-in-progress`:           A `bind` operation is not in progress.
+// - `would-block`:               Can't finish the operation, it is still in progress. (EWOULDBLOCK, EAGAIN)
+// 
+// # Implementors note
+// When binding to a non-zero port, this bind operation shouldn't be affected by the TIME_WAIT
+// state of a recently closed socket on the same local address. In practice this means that the SO_REUSEADDR
+// socket option should be set implicitly on all platforms, except on Windows where this is the default behavior
+// and SO_REUSEADDR performs something different entirely.
+// 
+// Unlike in POSIX, in WASI the bind operation is async. This enables
+// interactive WASI hosts to inject permission prompts. Runtimes that
+// don't want to make use of this ability can simply call the native
+// `bind` as part of either `start-bind` or `finish-bind`.
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/bind.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/bind.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-bind>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2&format=html>
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_start_bind(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_borrow_network_t network, tcp_ip_socket_address_t *local_address, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_finish_bind(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Connect to a remote endpoint.
+// 
+// On success:
+// - the socket is transitioned into the `connection` state.
+// - a pair of streams is returned that can be used to read & write to the connection
+// 
+// After a failed connection attempt, the socket will be in the `closed`
+// state and the only valid action left is to `drop` the socket. A single
+// socket can not be used to connect more than once.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The `remote-address` has the wrong address family. (EAFNOSUPPORT)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          `remote-address` is not a unicast address. (EINVAL, ENETUNREACH on Linux, EAFNOSUPPORT on MacOS)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          `remote-address` is an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. (EINVAL, EADDRNOTAVAIL on Illumos)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The IP address in `remote-address` is set to INADDR_ANY (`0.0.0.0` / `::`). (EADDRNOTAVAIL on Windows)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The port in `remote-address` is set to 0. (EADDRNOTAVAIL on Windows)
+// - `invalid-argument`:          The socket is already attached to a different network. The `network` passed to `connect` must be identical to the one passed to `bind`.
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is already in the `connected` state. (EISCONN)
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is already in the `listening` state. (EOPNOTSUPP, EINVAL on Windows)
+// - `timeout`:                   Connection timed out. (ETIMEDOUT)
+// - `connection-refused`:        The connection was forcefully rejected. (ECONNREFUSED)
+// - `connection-reset`:          The connection was reset. (ECONNRESET)
+// - `connection-aborted`:        The connection was aborted. (ECONNABORTED)
+// - `remote-unreachable`:        The remote address is not reachable. (EHOSTUNREACH, EHOSTDOWN, ENETUNREACH, ENETDOWN, ENONET)
+// - `address-in-use`:            Tried to perform an implicit bind, but there were no ephemeral ports available. (EADDRINUSE, EADDRNOTAVAIL on Linux, EAGAIN on BSD)
+// - `not-in-progress`:           A connect operation is not in progress.
+// - `would-block`:               Can't finish the operation, it is still in progress. (EWOULDBLOCK, EAGAIN)
+// 
+// # Implementors note
+// The POSIX equivalent of `start-connect` is the regular `connect` syscall.
+// Because all WASI sockets are non-blocking this is expected to return
+// EINPROGRESS, which should be translated to `ok()` in WASI.
+// 
+// The POSIX equivalent of `finish-connect` is a `poll` for event `POLLOUT`
+// with a timeout of 0 on the socket descriptor. Followed by a check for
+// the `SO_ERROR` socket option, in case the poll signaled readiness.
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect>
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_start_connect(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_borrow_network_t network, tcp_ip_socket_address_t *remote_address, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_finish_connect(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_tuple2_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Start listening for new connections.
+// 
+// Transitions the socket into the `listening` state.
+// 
+// Unlike POSIX, the socket must already be explicitly bound.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is not bound to any local address. (EDESTADDRREQ)
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is already in the `connected` state. (EISCONN, EINVAL on BSD)
+// - `invalid-state`:             The socket is already in the `listening` state.
+// - `address-in-use`:            Tried to perform an implicit bind, but there were no ephemeral ports available. (EADDRINUSE)
+// - `not-in-progress`:           A listen operation is not in progress.
+// - `would-block`:               Can't finish the operation, it is still in progress. (EWOULDBLOCK, EAGAIN)
+// 
+// # Implementors note
+// Unlike in POSIX, in WASI the listen operation is async. This enables
+// interactive WASI hosts to inject permission prompts. Runtimes that
+// don't want to make use of this ability can simply call the native
+// `listen` as part of either `start-listen` or `finish-listen`.
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/listen.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/listen.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-listen>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=listen&sektion=2>
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_start_listen(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_finish_listen(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Accept a new client socket.
+// 
+// The returned socket is bound and in the `connected` state. The following properties are inherited from the listener socket:
+// - `address-family`
+// - `keep-alive-enabled`
+// - `keep-alive-idle-time`
+// - `keep-alive-interval`
+// - `keep-alive-count`
+// - `hop-limit`
+// - `receive-buffer-size`
+// - `send-buffer-size`
+// 
+// On success, this function returns the newly accepted client socket along with
+// a pair of streams that can be used to read & write to the connection.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-state`:      Socket is not in the `listening` state. (EINVAL)
+// - `would-block`:        No pending connections at the moment. (EWOULDBLOCK, EAGAIN)
+// - `connection-aborted`: An incoming connection was pending, but was terminated by the client before this listener could accept it. (ECONNABORTED)
+// - `new-socket-limit`:   The new socket resource could not be created because of a system limit. (EMFILE, ENFILE)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/accept.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/accept.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-accept>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept&sektion=2>
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_accept(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_tuple3_own_tcp_socket_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Get the bound local address.
+// 
+// POSIX mentions:
+// > If the socket has not been bound to a local name, the value
+// > stored in the object pointed to by `address` is unspecified.
+// 
+// WASI is stricter and requires `local-address` to return `invalid-state` when the socket hasn't been bound yet.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-state`: The socket is not bound to any local address.
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getsockname.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getsockname.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-getsockname>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?getsockname>
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_local_address(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_ip_socket_address_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Get the remote address.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-state`: The socket is not connected to a remote address. (ENOTCONN)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getpeername.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getpeername.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-getpeername>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getpeername&sektion=2&n=1>
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_remote_address(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_ip_socket_address_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Whether the socket is in the `listening` state.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the SO_ACCEPTCONN socket option.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_is_listening(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self);
+// Whether this is a IPv4 or IPv6 socket.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the SO_DOMAIN socket option.
+extern tcp_ip_address_family_t tcp_method_tcp_socket_address_family(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self);
+// Hints the desired listen queue size. Implementations are free to ignore this.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// Any other value will never cause an error, but it might be silently clamped and/or rounded.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `not-supported`:        (set) The platform does not support changing the backlog size after the initial listen.
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The provided value was 0.
+// - `invalid-state`:        (set) The socket is in the `connect-in-progress` or `connected` state.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_listen_backlog_size(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint64_t value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Enables or disables keepalive.
+// 
+// The keepalive behavior can be adjusted using:
+// - `keep-alive-idle-time`
+// - `keep-alive-interval`
+// - `keep-alive-count`
+// These properties can be configured while `keep-alive-enabled` is false, but only come into effect when `keep-alive-enabled` is true.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the SO_KEEPALIVE socket option.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_keep_alive_enabled(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, bool *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_keep_alive_enabled(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, bool value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Amount of time the connection has to be idle before TCP starts sending keepalive packets.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// Any other value will never cause an error, but it might be silently clamped and/or rounded.
+// I.e. after setting a value, reading the same setting back may return a different value.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option. (TCP_KEEPALIVE on MacOS)
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The provided value was 0.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_keep_alive_idle_time(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_duration_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_keep_alive_idle_time(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_duration_t value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// The time between keepalive packets.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// Any other value will never cause an error, but it might be silently clamped and/or rounded.
+// I.e. after setting a value, reading the same setting back may return a different value.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The provided value was 0.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_keep_alive_interval(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_duration_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_keep_alive_interval(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_duration_t value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// The maximum amount of keepalive packets TCP should send before aborting the connection.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// Any other value will never cause an error, but it might be silently clamped and/or rounded.
+// I.e. after setting a value, reading the same setting back may return a different value.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The provided value was 0.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_keep_alive_count(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint32_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_keep_alive_count(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint32_t value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Equivalent to the IP_TTL & IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket options.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The TTL value must be 1 or higher.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_hop_limit(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint8_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_hop_limit(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint8_t value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// The kernel buffer space reserved for sends/receives on this socket.
+// 
+// If the provided value is 0, an `invalid-argument` error is returned.
+// Any other value will never cause an error, but it might be silently clamped and/or rounded.
+// I.e. after setting a value, reading the same setting back may return a different value.
+// 
+// Equivalent to the SO_RCVBUF and SO_SNDBUF socket options.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`:     (set) The provided value was 0.
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_receive_buffer_size(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint64_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_receive_buffer_size(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint64_t value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_send_buffer_size(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint64_t *ret, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_set_send_buffer_size(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, uint64_t value, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a `pollable` which can be used to poll for, or block on,
+// completion of any of the asynchronous operations of this socket.
+// 
+// When `finish-bind`, `finish-listen`, `finish-connect` or `accept`
+// return `error(would-block)`, this pollable can be used to wait for
+// their success or failure, after which the method can be retried.
+// 
+// The pollable is not limited to the async operation that happens to be
+// in progress at the time of calling `subscribe` (if any). Theoretically,
+// `subscribe` only has to be called once per socket and can then be
+// (re)used for the remainder of the socket's lifetime.
+// 
+// See <https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sockets/TcpSocketOperationalSemantics.md#Pollable-readiness>
+// for a more information.
+// 
+// Note: this function is here for WASI Preview2 only.
+// It's planned to be removed when `future` is natively supported in Preview3.
+extern tcp_own_pollable_t tcp_method_tcp_socket_subscribe(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self);
+// Initiate a graceful shutdown.
+// 
+// - `receive`: The socket is not expecting to receive any data from
+// the peer. The `input-stream` associated with this socket will be
+// closed. Any data still in the receive queue at time of calling
+// this method will be discarded.
+// - `send`: The socket has no more data to send to the peer. The `output-stream`
+// associated with this socket will be closed and a FIN packet will be sent.
+// - `both`: Same effect as `receive` & `send` combined.
+// 
+// This function is idempotent. Shutting a down a direction more than once
+// has no effect and returns `ok`.
+// 
+// The shutdown function does not close (drop) the socket.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-state`: The socket is not in the `connected` state. (ENOTCONN)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/shutdown.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/shutdown.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-shutdown>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shutdown&sektion=2>
+extern bool tcp_method_tcp_socket_shutdown(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t self, tcp_shutdown_type_t shutdown_type, tcp_error_code_t *err);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:sockets/tcp-create-socket@0.2.0`
+// Create a new TCP socket.
+// 
+// Similar to `socket(AF_INET or AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)` in POSIX.
+// On IPv6 sockets, IPV6_V6ONLY is enabled by default and can't be configured otherwise.
+// 
+// This function does not require a network capability handle. This is considered to be safe because
+// at time of creation, the socket is not bound to any `network` yet. Up to the moment `bind`/`connect`
+// is called, the socket is effectively an in-memory configuration object, unable to communicate with the outside world.
+// 
+// All sockets are non-blocking. Use the wasi-poll interface to block on asynchronous operations.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `not-supported`:     The specified `address-family` is not supported. (EAFNOSUPPORT)
+// - `new-socket-limit`:  The new socket resource could not be created because of a system limit. (EMFILE, ENFILE)
+// 
+// # References
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/socket.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/socket.2.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-wsasocketw>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=socket&sektion=2>
+extern bool tcp_create_socket_create_tcp_socket(tcp_create_socket_ip_address_family_t address_family, tcp_create_socket_own_tcp_socket_t *ret, tcp_create_socket_error_code_t *err);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:sockets/ip-name-lookup@0.2.0`
+// Resolve an internet host name to a list of IP addresses.
+// 
+// Unicode domain names are automatically converted to ASCII using IDNA encoding.
+// If the input is an IP address string, the address is parsed and returned
+// as-is without making any external requests.
+// 
+// See the wasi-socket proposal README.md for a comparison with getaddrinfo.
+// 
+// This function never blocks. It either immediately fails or immediately
+// returns successfully with a `resolve-address-stream` that can be used
+// to (asynchronously) fetch the results.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `invalid-argument`: `name` is a syntactically invalid domain name or IP address.
+// 
+// # References:
+// - <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getaddrinfo.html>
+// - <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/getaddrinfo.3.html>
+// - <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/ws2tcpip/nf-ws2tcpip-getaddrinfo>
+// - <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3>
+extern bool ip_name_lookup_resolve_addresses(ip_name_lookup_borrow_network_t network, wasip2_string_t *name, ip_name_lookup_own_resolve_address_stream_t *ret, ip_name_lookup_error_code_t *err);
+// Returns the next address from the resolver.
+// 
+// This function should be called multiple times. On each call, it will
+// return the next address in connection order preference. If all
+// addresses have been exhausted, this function returns `none`.
+// 
+// This function never returns IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
+// 
+// # Typical errors
+// - `name-unresolvable`:          Name does not exist or has no suitable associated IP addresses. (EAI_NONAME, EAI_NODATA, EAI_ADDRFAMILY)
+// - `temporary-resolver-failure`: A temporary failure in name resolution occurred. (EAI_AGAIN)
+// - `permanent-resolver-failure`: A permanent failure in name resolution occurred. (EAI_FAIL)
+// - `would-block`:                A result is not available yet. (EWOULDBLOCK, EAGAIN)
+extern bool ip_name_lookup_method_resolve_address_stream_resolve_next_address(ip_name_lookup_borrow_resolve_address_stream_t self, ip_name_lookup_option_ip_address_t *ret, ip_name_lookup_error_code_t *err);
+// Create a `pollable` which will resolve once the stream is ready for I/O.
+// 
+// Note: this function is here for WASI Preview2 only.
+// It's planned to be removed when `future` is natively supported in Preview3.
+extern ip_name_lookup_own_pollable_t ip_name_lookup_method_resolve_address_stream_subscribe(ip_name_lookup_borrow_resolve_address_stream_t self);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:random/random@0.2.0`
+// Return `len` cryptographically-secure random or pseudo-random bytes.
+// 
+// This function must produce data at least as cryptographically secure and
+// fast as an adequately seeded cryptographically-secure pseudo-random
+// number generator (CSPRNG). It must not block, from the perspective of
+// the calling program, under any circumstances, including on the first
+// request and on requests for numbers of bytes. The returned data must
+// always be unpredictable.
+// 
+// This function must always return fresh data. Deterministic environments
+// must omit this function, rather than implementing it with deterministic
+// data.
+extern void random_get_random_bytes(uint64_t len, wasip2_list_u8_t *ret);
+// Return a cryptographically-secure random or pseudo-random `u64` value.
+// 
+// This function returns the same type of data as `get-random-bytes`,
+// represented as a `u64`.
+extern uint64_t random_get_random_u64(void);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:random/insecure@0.2.0`
+// Return `len` insecure pseudo-random bytes.
+// 
+// This function is not cryptographically secure. Do not use it for
+// anything related to security.
+// 
+// There are no requirements on the values of the returned bytes, however
+// implementations are encouraged to return evenly distributed values with
+// a long period.
+extern void random_insecure_get_insecure_random_bytes(uint64_t len, wasip2_list_u8_t *ret);
+// Return an insecure pseudo-random `u64` value.
+// 
+// This function returns the same type of pseudo-random data as
+// `get-insecure-random-bytes`, represented as a `u64`.
+extern uint64_t random_insecure_get_insecure_random_u64(void);
+
+// Imported Functions from `wasi:random/insecure-seed@0.2.0`
+// Return a 128-bit value that may contain a pseudo-random value.
+// 
+// The returned value is not required to be computed from a CSPRNG, and may
+// even be entirely deterministic. Host implementations are encouraged to
+// provide pseudo-random values to any program exposed to
+// attacker-controlled content, to enable DoS protection built into many
+// languages' hash-map implementations.
+// 
+// This function is intended to only be called once, by a source language
+// to initialize Denial Of Service (DoS) protection in its hash-map
+// implementation.
+// 
+// # Expected future evolution
+// 
+// This will likely be changed to a value import, to prevent it from being
+// called multiple times and potentially used for purposes other than DoS
+// protection.
+extern void random_insecure_seed_insecure_seed(wasip2_tuple2_u64_u64_t *ret);
+
+// Helper Functions
+
+void wasip2_tuple2_string_string_free(wasip2_tuple2_string_string_t *ptr);
+
+void wasip2_list_tuple2_string_string_free(wasip2_list_tuple2_string_string_t *ptr);
+
+void wasip2_list_string_free(wasip2_list_string_t *ptr);
+
+void wasip2_option_string_free(wasip2_option_string_t *ptr);
+
+void exit_result_void_void_free(exit_result_void_void_t *ptr);
+
+extern void io_error_error_drop_own(io_error_own_error_t handle);
+
+extern void io_error_error_drop_borrow(io_error_borrow_error_t handle);
+
+extern io_error_borrow_error_t io_error_borrow_error(io_error_own_error_t handle);
+
+extern void poll_pollable_drop_own(poll_own_pollable_t handle);
+
+extern void poll_pollable_drop_borrow(poll_borrow_pollable_t handle);
+
+extern poll_borrow_pollable_t poll_borrow_pollable(poll_own_pollable_t handle);
+
+void poll_list_borrow_pollable_free(poll_list_borrow_pollable_t *ptr);
+
+void wasip2_list_u32_free(wasip2_list_u32_t *ptr);
+
+void streams_stream_error_free(streams_stream_error_t *ptr);
+
+extern void streams_input_stream_drop_own(streams_own_input_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void streams_input_stream_drop_borrow(streams_borrow_input_stream_t handle);
+
+extern streams_borrow_input_stream_t streams_borrow_input_stream(streams_own_input_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void streams_output_stream_drop_own(streams_own_output_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void streams_output_stream_drop_borrow(streams_borrow_output_stream_t handle);
+
+extern streams_borrow_output_stream_t streams_borrow_output_stream(streams_own_output_stream_t handle);
+
+void wasip2_list_u8_free(wasip2_list_u8_t *ptr);
+
+void streams_result_list_u8_stream_error_free(streams_result_list_u8_stream_error_t *ptr);
+
+void streams_result_u64_stream_error_free(streams_result_u64_stream_error_t *ptr);
+
+void streams_result_void_stream_error_free(streams_result_void_stream_error_t *ptr);
+
+extern void terminal_input_terminal_input_drop_own(terminal_input_own_terminal_input_t handle);
+
+extern void terminal_input_terminal_input_drop_borrow(terminal_input_borrow_terminal_input_t handle);
+
+extern terminal_input_borrow_terminal_input_t terminal_input_borrow_terminal_input(terminal_input_own_terminal_input_t handle);
+
+extern void terminal_output_terminal_output_drop_own(terminal_output_own_terminal_output_t handle);
+
+extern void terminal_output_terminal_output_drop_borrow(terminal_output_borrow_terminal_output_t handle);
+
+extern terminal_output_borrow_terminal_output_t terminal_output_borrow_terminal_output(terminal_output_own_terminal_output_t handle);
+
+void terminal_stdin_option_own_terminal_input_free(terminal_stdin_option_own_terminal_input_t *ptr);
+
+void terminal_stdout_option_own_terminal_output_free(terminal_stdout_option_own_terminal_output_t *ptr);
+
+void terminal_stderr_option_own_terminal_output_free(terminal_stderr_option_own_terminal_output_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_option_datetime_free(filesystem_option_datetime_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_descriptor_stat_free(filesystem_descriptor_stat_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_new_timestamp_free(filesystem_new_timestamp_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_directory_entry_free(filesystem_directory_entry_t *ptr);
+
+extern void filesystem_descriptor_drop_own(filesystem_own_descriptor_t handle);
+
+extern void filesystem_descriptor_drop_borrow(filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t handle);
+
+extern filesystem_borrow_descriptor_t filesystem_borrow_descriptor(filesystem_own_descriptor_t handle);
+
+extern void filesystem_directory_entry_stream_drop_own(filesystem_own_directory_entry_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void filesystem_directory_entry_stream_drop_borrow(filesystem_borrow_directory_entry_stream_t handle);
+
+extern filesystem_borrow_directory_entry_stream_t filesystem_borrow_directory_entry_stream(filesystem_own_directory_entry_stream_t handle);
+
+void filesystem_result_own_input_stream_error_code_free(filesystem_result_own_input_stream_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_own_output_stream_error_code_free(filesystem_result_own_output_stream_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_void_error_code_free(filesystem_result_void_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_descriptor_flags_error_code_free(filesystem_result_descriptor_flags_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_descriptor_type_error_code_free(filesystem_result_descriptor_type_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_tuple2_list_u8_bool_error_code_free(filesystem_result_tuple2_list_u8_bool_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_filesize_error_code_free(filesystem_result_filesize_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_own_directory_entry_stream_error_code_free(filesystem_result_own_directory_entry_stream_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_descriptor_stat_error_code_free(filesystem_result_descriptor_stat_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_own_descriptor_error_code_free(filesystem_result_own_descriptor_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_string_error_code_free(filesystem_result_string_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_metadata_hash_value_error_code_free(filesystem_result_metadata_hash_value_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_option_directory_entry_free(filesystem_option_directory_entry_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_result_option_directory_entry_error_code_free(filesystem_result_option_directory_entry_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_option_error_code_free(filesystem_option_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_preopens_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_free(filesystem_preopens_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_t *ptr);
+
+void filesystem_preopens_list_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_free(filesystem_preopens_list_tuple2_own_descriptor_string_t *ptr);
+
+extern void network_network_drop_own(network_own_network_t handle);
+
+extern void network_network_drop_borrow(network_borrow_network_t handle);
+
+extern network_borrow_network_t network_borrow_network(network_own_network_t handle);
+
+void network_ip_address_free(network_ip_address_t *ptr);
+
+void network_ip_socket_address_free(network_ip_socket_address_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_ip_socket_address_free(udp_ip_socket_address_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_incoming_datagram_free(udp_incoming_datagram_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_option_ip_socket_address_free(udp_option_ip_socket_address_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_outgoing_datagram_free(udp_outgoing_datagram_t *ptr);
+
+extern void udp_udp_socket_drop_own(udp_own_udp_socket_t handle);
+
+extern void udp_udp_socket_drop_borrow(udp_borrow_udp_socket_t handle);
+
+extern udp_borrow_udp_socket_t udp_borrow_udp_socket(udp_own_udp_socket_t handle);
+
+extern void udp_incoming_datagram_stream_drop_own(udp_own_incoming_datagram_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void udp_incoming_datagram_stream_drop_borrow(udp_borrow_incoming_datagram_stream_t handle);
+
+extern udp_borrow_incoming_datagram_stream_t udp_borrow_incoming_datagram_stream(udp_own_incoming_datagram_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void udp_outgoing_datagram_stream_drop_own(udp_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void udp_outgoing_datagram_stream_drop_borrow(udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream_t handle);
+
+extern udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream_t udp_borrow_outgoing_datagram_stream(udp_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_t handle);
+
+void udp_result_void_error_code_free(udp_result_void_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_result_tuple2_own_incoming_datagram_stream_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_error_code_free(udp_result_tuple2_own_incoming_datagram_stream_own_outgoing_datagram_stream_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_result_ip_socket_address_error_code_free(udp_result_ip_socket_address_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_result_u8_error_code_free(udp_result_u8_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_result_u64_error_code_free(udp_result_u64_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_list_incoming_datagram_free(udp_list_incoming_datagram_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_result_list_incoming_datagram_error_code_free(udp_result_list_incoming_datagram_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_list_outgoing_datagram_free(udp_list_outgoing_datagram_t *ptr);
+
+void udp_create_socket_result_own_udp_socket_error_code_free(udp_create_socket_result_own_udp_socket_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_ip_socket_address_free(tcp_ip_socket_address_t *ptr);
+
+extern void tcp_tcp_socket_drop_own(tcp_own_tcp_socket_t handle);
+
+extern void tcp_tcp_socket_drop_borrow(tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t handle);
+
+extern tcp_borrow_tcp_socket_t tcp_borrow_tcp_socket(tcp_own_tcp_socket_t handle);
+
+void tcp_result_void_error_code_free(tcp_result_void_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_tuple2_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_error_code_free(tcp_result_tuple2_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_tuple3_own_tcp_socket_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_error_code_free(tcp_result_tuple3_own_tcp_socket_own_input_stream_own_output_stream_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_ip_socket_address_error_code_free(tcp_result_ip_socket_address_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_bool_error_code_free(tcp_result_bool_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_duration_error_code_free(tcp_result_duration_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_u32_error_code_free(tcp_result_u32_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_u8_error_code_free(tcp_result_u8_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_result_u64_error_code_free(tcp_result_u64_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void tcp_create_socket_result_own_tcp_socket_error_code_free(tcp_create_socket_result_own_tcp_socket_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void ip_name_lookup_ip_address_free(ip_name_lookup_ip_address_t *ptr);
+
+extern void ip_name_lookup_resolve_address_stream_drop_own(ip_name_lookup_own_resolve_address_stream_t handle);
+
+extern void ip_name_lookup_resolve_address_stream_drop_borrow(ip_name_lookup_borrow_resolve_address_stream_t handle);
+
+extern ip_name_lookup_borrow_resolve_address_stream_t ip_name_lookup_borrow_resolve_address_stream(ip_name_lookup_own_resolve_address_stream_t handle);
+
+void ip_name_lookup_result_own_resolve_address_stream_error_code_free(ip_name_lookup_result_own_resolve_address_stream_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+void ip_name_lookup_option_ip_address_free(ip_name_lookup_option_ip_address_t *ptr);
+
+void ip_name_lookup_result_option_ip_address_error_code_free(ip_name_lookup_result_option_ip_address_error_code_t *ptr);
+
+// Transfers ownership of `s` into the string `ret`
+void wasip2_string_set(wasip2_string_t *ret, char*s);
+
+// Creates a copy of the input nul-terminate string `s` and
+// stores it into the component model string `ret`.
+void wasip2_string_dup(wasip2_string_t *ret, const char*s);
+
+// Deallocates the string pointed to by `ret`, deallocating
+// the memory behind the string.
+void wasip2_string_free(wasip2_string_t *ret);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif