path: root/epan/dissectors/packet-dvbci.c

/* packet-dvbci.c
 * Routines for DVB-CI (Common Interface) dissection
 * Copyright 2011-2015, Martin Kaiser <martin@kaiser.cx>
 *
 * Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer
 * By Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org>
 * Copyright 1998 Gerald Combs
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */

/* This dissector supports DVB-CI as defined in EN50221 and
 * CI+ (www.ci-plus.com).
 * For more details, see https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/wikis/DVB-CI.
 *
 * The pcap input format for this dissector is documented at
 * http://www.kaiser.cx/pcap-dvbci.html.
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <epan/packet.h>
#include <epan/addr_resolv.h>
#include <epan/conversation.h>
#include <epan/dvb_chartbl.h>
#include <epan/exported_pdu.h>
#include <epan/reassemble.h>
#include <epan/prefs.h>
#include <epan/tap.h>
#include <epan/expert.h>
#include <epan/asn1.h>
#include <epan/tfs.h>
#include "packet-dvbci.h"
#include "packet-mpeg-descriptor.h"
#include "packet-mpeg-sect.h"
#include "packet-x509af.h"
#include "packet-x509ce.h"
#include "packet-ber.h"
#include <wsutil/wsgcrypt.h>
#include <wsutil/pint.h>

void proto_register_dvbci(void);
void proto_reg_handoff_dvbci(void);

#define AES_BLOCK_LEN 16
#define AES_KEY_LEN 16

#define EXPORTED_SAC_MSG_PROTO "ciplus_sac_msg"
#define EXPORTED_SAC_MSG_DESCRIPTION "CI+ SAC message"

#define IS_DATA_TRANSFER(e) (e==DVBCI_EVT_DATA_CAM_TO_HOST || e==DVBCI_EVT_DATA_HOST_TO_CAM)

/* direction of data transfer in [as]pdu_info_t and elsewhere */
#define DATA_CAM_TO_HOST  DVBCI_EVT_DATA_CAM_TO_HOST
#define DATA_HOST_TO_CAM  DVBCI_EVT_DATA_HOST_TO_CAM
#define DIRECTION_ANY     0x0

/* source/destination address field */
#define ADDR_HOST "Host"
#define ADDR_CAM  "CAM"

/* hardware event */
#define CAM_IN    0x01
#define CAM_OUT   0x02
#define POWER_ON  0x03
#define POWER_OFF 0x04
#define TS_ROUTE  0x05
#define TS_BYPASS 0x06
#define RESET_H   0x07
#define RESET_L   0x08
#define READY_H   0x09
#define READY_L   0x0A

/* Card Information Structure (CIS) */

/* tuples */
#define CISTPL_NO_LINK       0x14
#define CISTPL_VERS_1        0x15
#define CISTPL_CONFIG        0x1A
#define CISTPL_CFTABLE_ENTRY 0x1B
#define CISTPL_DEVICE_OC     0x1C
#define CISTPL_DEVICE_OA     0x1D
#define CISTPL_MANFID        0x20
#define CISTPL_END           0xFF
/* subtuple */
#define CCSTPL_CIF           0xC0
/* interface types */
#define TPCE_IF_TYPE_MEM     0
#define TPCE_IF_TYPE_IO_MEM  1
#define TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST0   4
#define TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST1   5
#define TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST2   6
#define TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST3   7
/* "voltage used" field in the device tuples */
#define CIS_DEV_VCC50 0
#define CIS_DEV_VCC33 1

/* link layer */
#define ML_MORE 0x80
#define ML_LAST 0x00

/* base values of sequence ids for reassembly of fragmented tpdus
   if there's two open transport connections, their tpdu fragments may be
    interleaved, we must add the tcid to the base value in order to
    distinguish between different transport connections
   TPDU_SEQ_ID_BASE and SPDU_SEQ_ID_BASE can be arbitrary 32bit values, they
    must be more than 256 apart since we add the 8bit tcid */
#define TPDU_SEQ_ID_BASE       123
/* same as above, the spdu fragments are also demultiplexed based on the
    t_c_id field */
#define SPDU_SEQ_ID_BASE      2417

/* transport layer */
#define NO_TAG        0x00
#define T_SB          0x80
#define T_RCV         0x81
#define T_CREATE_T_C  0x82
#define T_C_T_C_REPLY 0x83
#define T_DELETE_T_C  0x84
#define T_D_T_C_REPLY 0x85
#define T_REQUEST_T_C 0x86
#define T_NEW_T_C     0x87
#define T_T_C_ERROR   0x88
#define T_DATA_LAST   0xA0
#define T_DATA_MORE   0xA1

#define SB_VAL_MSG_AVAILABLE    0x80
#define SB_VAL_NO_MSG_AVAILABLE 0x00

/* session layer */
#define T_SESSION_NUMBER          0x90
#define T_OPEN_SESSION_REQUEST    0x91
#define T_OPEN_SESSION_RESPONSE   0x92
#define T_CREATE_SESSION          0x93
#define T_CREATE_SESSION_RESPONSE 0x94
#define T_CLOSE_SESSION_REQUEST   0x95
#define T_CLOSE_SESSION_RESPONSE  0x96

/* status for open/create session */
#define SESS_OPENED                   0x00
#define SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_NON_EXIST 0xF0
#define SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_UNAVAIL   0xF1
#define SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_VER_LOWER 0xF2
#define SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_BUSY      0xF3

/* status for close session */
#define SESS_CLOSED       0x00
#define SESS_NB_NOT_ALLOC 0xF0

/* circuit id from session number (16bit) and transport connection id * (8bit) */
#define CT_ID(s,t) ((uint32_t)(s<<8|t))

/* resource id */
#define RES_ID_TYPE_MASK 0xC0000000
#define RES_CLASS_MASK   0x3FFF0000
#define RES_TYPE_MASK    0x0000FFC0
#define RES_VER_MASK     0x0000003F

/* resource class */
#define RES_CLASS_RM  0x01
#define RES_CLASS_AP  0x02
#define RES_CLASS_CA  0x03
#define RES_CLASS_AUT 0x10
#define RES_CLASS_HC  0x20
#define RES_CLASS_DT  0x24
#define RES_CLASS_MMI 0x40
#define RES_CLASS_AMI 0x41
#define RES_CLASS_LSC 0x60
#define RES_CLASS_CC  0x8C
#define RES_CLASS_HLC 0x8D
#define RES_CLASS_CUP 0x8E
#define RES_CLASS_OPP 0x8F
#define RES_CLASS_AFS 0x91
#define RES_CLASS_SAS 0x96

#define RES_ID_LEN 4 /* bytes */
#define RES_CLASS(_res_id) (_res_id & RES_CLASS_MASK) >> 16
#define RES_VER(_res_id)   (_res_id & RES_VER_MASK)

/* appinfo resource */
#define APP_TYPE_CA  0x1
#define APP_TYPE_EPG 0x2

#define DATA_RATE_72 0x0
#define DATA_RATE_96 0x1

/* ca resource */
#define LIST_MGMT_MORE   0x0
#define LIST_MGMT_FIRST  0x1
#define LIST_MGMT_LAST   0x2
#define LIST_MGMT_ONLY   0x3
#define LIST_MGMT_ADD    0x4
#define LIST_MGMT_UPDATE 0x5

#define CMD_ID_OK_DESCR     0x1
#define CMD_ID_OK_MMI       0x2
#define CMD_ID_QUERY        0x3
#define CMD_ID_NOT_SELECTED 0x4

#define CA_DESC_TAG 0x9

#define CA_ENAB_DESC_OK             0x01
#define CA_ENAB_DESC_OK_PURCHASE    0x02
#define CA_ENAB_DESC_OK_TECH        0x03
#define CA_ENAB_DESC_NG_ENTITLEMENT 0x71
#define CA_ENAB_DESC_NG_TECH        0x73

/* host control resource */
#define HC_STAT_OK            0x0
#define HC_STAT_ERR_DLVRY     0x1
#define HC_STAT_ERR_LOCK      0x2
#define HC_STAT_ERR_BUSY      0x3
#define HC_STAT_ERR_PARAM     0x4
#define HC_STAT_ERR_NOT_FOUND 0x5
#define HC_STAT_ERR_UNKNOWN   0x6

#define HC_RELEASE_OK      0x0
#define HC_RELEASE_REFUSED 0x1

/* mmi resource */
#define CLOSE_MMI_CMD_ID_IMMEDIATE 0x0
#define CLOSE_MMI_CMD_ID_DELAY     0x1

/* only commands and parameters for high-level mmi are supported */
#define DISP_CMD_SET_MMI_MODE 1
#define DISP_CMD_GET_DISP_TBL 2
#define DISP_CMD_GET_INP_TBL  3

#define MMI_MODE_HIGH 1

#define DISP_REP_ID_MMI_MODE_ACK     0x01
#define DISP_REP_ID_DISP_CHAR_TBL    0x02
#define DISP_REP_ID_INP_CHAR_TBL     0x03
#define DISP_REP_ID_UNKNOWN_CMD      0xF0
#define DISP_REP_ID_UNKNOWN_MMI_MODE 0xF1
#define DISP_REP_ID_UNKNOWN_CHAR_TBL 0xF2

#define VISIBLE_ANS 0
#define BLIND_ANS   1

#define ANSW_ID_CANCEL 0x00
#define ANSW_ID_ANSWER 0x01

/* used for answer_text_length, choice_nb and item_nb */
#define NB_UNKNOWN 0xFF

/* cam upgrade resource */
#define CUP_DELAYED   0x0
#define CUP_IMMEDIATE 0x1

#define CUP_ANS_NO  0x0
#define CUP_ANS_YES 0x1
#define CUP_ANS_ASK 0x2

#define CUP_RESET_PCMCIA 0x0
#define CUP_RESET_CMDIF  0x1
#define CUP_RESET_NONE   0x2

/* content control resource */
#define CC_ID_HOST_ID            0x05
#define CC_ID_CICAM_ID           0x06
#define CC_ID_HOST_BRAND_CERT    0x07
#define CC_ID_CICAM_BRAND_CERT   0x08
#define CC_ID_KP                 0x0C
#define CC_ID_DHPH               0x0D
#define CC_ID_DHPM               0x0E
#define CC_ID_HOST_DEV_CERT      0x0F
#define CC_ID_CICAM_DEV_CERT     0x10
#define CC_ID_SIG_A              0x11
#define CC_ID_SIG_B              0x12
#define CC_ID_AUTH_NONCE         0x13
#define CC_ID_NS_HOST            0x14
#define CC_ID_NS_MODULE          0x15
#define CC_ID_AKH                0x16
#define CC_ID_URI                0x19
#define CC_ID_PROG_NUM           0x1A
#define CC_ID_URI_CNF            0x1B
#define CC_ID_KEY_REGISTER       0x1C
#define CC_ID_URI_VERSIONS       0x1D
#define CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD       0x1E
#define CC_ID_SRM_DATA           0x1F
#define CC_ID_SRM_CONFIRM        0x20
#define CC_ID_CICAM_LICENSE      0x21
#define CC_ID_LICENSE_STATUS     0x22
#define CC_ID_LICENSE_RCV_STATUS 0x23
#define CC_ID_HOST_LICENSE       0x24
#define CC_ID_PLAY_COUNT         0x25
#define CC_ID_OPERATING_MODE     0x26
#define CC_ID_PINCODE_DATA       0x27
#define CC_ID_REC_START_STATUS   0x28
#define CC_ID_MODE_CHG_STATUS    0x29
#define CC_ID_REC_STOP_STATUS    0x2A

#define CC_EMI_FREE    0x00
#define CC_EMI_NO_MORE 0x01
#define CC_EMI_ONCE    0x02
#define CC_EMI_NEVER   0x03

#define CC_KEY_EVEN 0x0
#define CC_KEY_ODD  0x1

#define CC_STATUS_OK                    0x0
#define CC_STATUS_NO_CC_SUPPORT         0x1
#define CC_STATUS_HOST_BUSY             0x2
#define CC_STATUS_AUTH_FAILED_OR_NO_SRM 0x3
#define CC_STATUS_CICAM_BUSY            0x4
#define CC_STATUS_REC_MODE_ERR          0x5

#define SAC_MSG_HDR_LEN 8

#define CC_SAC_AUTH_AES128_XCBC_MAC 0x0
#define CC_SAC_ENC_AES128_CBC       0x0

#define CC_CAP_NONE               0x0
#define CC_CAP_CAS_PIN            0x1
#define CC_CAP_CAS_FTA_PIN        0x2
#define CC_CAP_CAS_PIN_CACHED     0x3
#define CC_CAP_CAS_FTA_PIN_CACHED 0x4

/* length of DVB-SI utc time field in bytes */
#define UTC_TIME_LEN 5

#define CC_PIN_BAD         0x0
#define CC_PIN_CAM_BUSY    0x1
#define CC_PIN_OK          0x2
#define CC_PIN_UNCONFIRMED 0x3
#define CC_PIN_VB_NOT_REQ  0x4
#define CC_PIN_CSA         0x5

#define CC_OP_MODE_WATCH_BUFFER 0x0
#define CC_OP_MODE_TIMESHIFT    0x1
#define CC_OP_MODE_UNATTENDED   0x2

/* application mmi resource */
#define ACK_CODE_OK        0x1
#define ACK_CODE_WRONG_API 0x2
#define ACK_CODE_API_BUSY  0x3

#define REQ_TYPE_FILE      0x0
#define REQ_TYPE_DATA      0x1
#define REQ_TYPE_FILE_HASH 0x2
#define REQ_TYPE_REQ       0x3

/* lsc resource */
#define COMMS_CMD_ID_CONNECT_ON_CHANNEL    1
#define COMMS_CMD_ID_DISCONNECT_ON_CHANNEL 2
#define COMMS_CMD_ID_SET_PARAMS            3
#define COMMS_CMD_ID_ENQUIRE_STATUS        4
#define COMMS_CMD_ID_GET_NEXT_BUFFER       5

#define CONN_DESC_TEL      1
#define CONN_DESC_CABLE    2
#define CONN_DESC_IP       3
#define CONN_DESC_HOSTNAME 4

#define LSC_DESC_IP       0xCF
#define LSC_DESC_HOSTNAME 0xCD

#define LSC_IPV4 1
#define LSC_IPV6 2

#define LSC_TCP 1
#define LSC_UDP 2

#define COMMS_REP_ID_CONNECT_ACK         1
#define COMMS_REP_ID_DISCONNECT_ACK      2
#define COMMS_REP_ID_SET_PARAMS_ACK      3
#define COMMS_REP_ID_STATUS_REPLY        4
#define COMMS_REP_ID_GET_NEXT_BUFFER_ACK 5
#define COMMS_REP_ID_SEND_ACK            6

#define LSC_RET_OK 0
#define LSC_DISCONNECTED 0
#define LSC_CONNECTED    1
#define LSC_RET_TOO_BIG 0xFE

/* auxiliary file system resource */
#define AFS_ACK_RSV     0
#define AFS_ACK_OK      1
#define AFS_ACK_UNKNOWN 2

/* operator profile resource */
#define TABLE_ID_CICAM_NIT 0x40  /* CICAM NIT must be a NIT actual */

#define OPP_REF_REG_FLG_NONE  0
#define OPP_REF_REG_FLG_ADV   1
#define OPP_REF_REG_FLG_URG   2
#define OPP_REF_REG_FLG_SCHED 3

#define OPP_ERR_FLG_OK          0
#define OPP_ERR_FLG_PROF        1
#define OPP_ERR_FLG_UNSUPPORTED 2
#define OPP_ERR_FLG_CANCELLED   3

/* EIT p/f, EIT schedule usage */
#define OPP_EIT_ABSENT 0
#define OPP_EIT_NOT_X  1
#define OPP_EIT_FULL_X 2
#define OPP_EIT_BARKER 3
#define OPP_EPG_APP    4

#define OPP_EXT_EVT_DIFF 0
#define OPP_EXT_EVT_ADD  1

/* these values match the delivery system descriptor tags */
#define OPP_DLV_CAP_S  0x43
#define OPP_DLV_CAP_C  0x44
#define OPP_DLV_CAP_T  0x5A
#define OPP_DLV_CAP_S2 0x79

#define OPP_TUNE_OK          0
#define OPP_TUNE_UNSUPPORTED 1
#define OPP_TUNE_INVALID     2
#define OPP_TUNE_ERR         3

#define OPP_NO_MORE_DESC 0xFF

/* sas resource */
#define SAS_SESS_STATE_CONNECTED 0
#define SAS_SESS_STATE_NOT_FOUND 1
#define SAS_SESS_STATE_DENIED    2


/* application layer */

#define APDU_TAG_SIZE 3

/* "don't care" value for min_len_field and len_field (this can't be 0) */
#define LEN_FIELD_ANY UINT32_MAX

static GHashTable *apdu_table;

typedef struct _apdu_info_t {
    uint32_t tag;
    /* the minimum length required for this apdu */
    uint32_t min_len_field;
    /* if the apdu has a well-known length, we enforce it here
     * (otherwise, we set this to LEN_FIELD_ANY) */
    uint32_t len_field;
    uint8_t direction;
    uint16_t res_class;
    uint8_t res_min_ver;
    void (*dissect_payload)(uint32_t, int,
            tvbuff_t *, int, conversation_t *, packet_info *, proto_tree *);
} apdu_info_t;


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_rm(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_ap(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_ca(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_aut(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_hc(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_dt(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_hlc(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_cup(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_cc(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_ami(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_opp(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_afs(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_sas(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree);


/* apdu defines */
#define T_PROFILE_ENQ                   0x9F8010
#define T_PROFILE                       0x9F8011
#define T_PROFILE_CHANGE                0x9F8012
#define T_APP_INFO_ENQ                  0x9F8020
#define T_APP_INFO                      0x9F8021
#define T_ENTER_MENU                    0x9F8022
#define T_REQUEST_CICAM_RESET           0x9F8023
#define T_DATARATE_INFO                 0x9F8024
#define T_CA_INFO_ENQ                   0x9F8030
#define T_CA_INFO                       0x9F8031
#define T_CA_PMT                        0x9F8032
#define T_CA_PMT_REPLY                  0x9F8033
#define T_AUTH_REQ                      0x9F8200
#define T_AUTH_RESP                     0x9F8201
#define T_TUNE                          0x9F8400
#define T_REPLACE                       0x9F8401
#define T_CLEAR_REPLACE                 0x9F8402
#define T_ASK_RELEASE                   0x9F8403
#define T_TUNE_BROADCAST_REQ            0x9F8404
#define T_TUNE_REPLY                    0x9F8405
#define T_ASK_RELEASE_REPLY             0x9F8406
#define T_TUNE_LCN_REQ                  0x9F8407
#define T_TUNE_IP_REQ                   0x9F8408
#define T_TUNE_TRIPLET_REQ              0x9F8409
#define T_TUNE_STATUS_REQ               0x9F840A
#define T_TUNE_STATUS_REPLY             0x9F840B
#define T_DATE_TIME_ENQ                 0x9F8440
#define T_DATE_TIME                     0x9F8441
#define T_CLOSE_MMI                     0x9F8800
#define T_DISPLAY_CONTROL               0x9F8801
#define T_DISPLAY_REPLY                 0x9F8802
#define T_ENQ                           0x9F8807
#define T_ANSW                          0x9F8808
#define T_MENU_LAST                     0x9F8809
#define T_MENU_MORE                     0x9F880A
#define T_MENU_ANSW                     0x9F880B
#define T_LIST_LAST                     0x9F880C
#define T_LIST_MORE                     0x9F880D
#define T_HOST_COUNTRY_ENQ              0x9F8100
#define T_HOST_COUNTRY                  0x9F8101
#define T_HOST_LANGUAGE_ENQ             0x9F8110
#define T_HOST_LANGUAGE                 0x9F8111
#define T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE          0x9F9D01
#define T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_REPLY    0x9F9D02
#define T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_PROGRESS 0x9F9D03
#define T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_COMPLETE 0x9F9D04
#define T_CC_OPEN_REQ                   0x9F9001
#define T_CC_OPEN_CNF                   0x9F9002
#define T_CC_DATA_REQ                   0x9F9003
#define T_CC_DATA_CNF                   0x9F9004
#define T_CC_SYNC_REQ                   0x9F9005
#define T_CC_SYNC_CNF                   0x9F9006
#define T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ               0x9F9007
#define T_CC_SAC_DATA_CNF               0x9F9008
#define T_CC_SAC_SYNC_REQ               0x9F9009
#define T_CC_SAC_SYNC_CNF               0x9F9010
#define T_CC_PIN_CAPABILITIES_REQ       0x9F9011
#define T_CC_PIN_CAPABILITIES_REPLY     0x9F9012
#define T_CC_PIN_CMD                    0x9F9013
#define T_CC_PIN_REPLY                  0x9F9014
#define T_CC_PIN_EVENT                  0x9F9015
#define T_CC_PIN_PLAYBACK               0x9F9016
#define T_CC_PIN_MMI_REQ                0x9F9017
#define T_REQUEST_START                 0x9F8000
#define T_REQUEST_START_ACK             0x9F8001
#define T_FILE_REQUEST                  0x9F8002
#define T_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE              0x9F8003
#define T_APP_ABORT_REQUEST             0x9F8004
#define T_APP_ABORT_ACK                 0x9F8005
#define T_COMMS_CMD                     0x9F8C00
#define T_COMMS_REPLY                   0x9F8C02
#define T_COMMS_SEND_LAST               0x9F8C03
#define T_COMMS_SEND_MORE               0x9F8C04
#define T_COMMS_RCV_LAST                0x9F8C05
#define T_COMMS_RCV_MORE                0x9F8C06
#define T_COMMS_IP_CONFIG_REQ           0x9F8C09
#define T_COMMS_IP_CONFIG_REPLY         0x9F8C0A
#define T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_OFFER         0x9F9400
#define T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_ACK           0x9F9401
#define T_AFS_FILE_REQUEST              0x9F9402
#define T_AFS_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE          0x9F9403
#define T_OPERATOR_STATUS_REQ           0x9F9C00
#define T_OPERATOR_STATUS               0x9F9C01
#define T_OPERATOR_NIT_REQ              0x9F9C02
#define T_OPERATOR_NIT                  0x9F9C03
#define T_OPERATOR_INFO_REQ             0x9F9C04
#define T_OPERATOR_INFO                 0x9F9C05
#define T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_START         0x9F9C06
#define T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_STATUS        0x9F9C07
#define T_OPERATOR_EXIT                 0x9F9C08
#define T_OPERATOR_TUNE                 0x9F9C09
#define T_OPERATOR_TUNE_STATUS          0x9F9C0A
#define T_OPERATOR_ENTITLEMENT_ACK      0x9F9C0B
#define T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_CANCEL        0x9F9C0C
#define T_SAS_CONNECT_RQST              0x9F9A00
#define T_SAS_CONNECT_CNF               0x9F9A01
#define T_SAS_ASYNC_MSG                 0x9F9A07

/* these are no real apdus, they just use the same format */
#define T_TEXT_LAST             0x9F8803
#define T_TEXT_MORE             0x9F8804
#define T_CONNECTION_DESCRIPTOR 0x9F8C01

#define IS_MENU_APDU(t) (t==T_MENU_MORE || t==T_MENU_LAST)


static const apdu_info_t apdu_info[] = {
    {T_PROFILE_ENQ,         0, 0,             DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_RM, 1, NULL},
    {T_PROFILE,             0, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_RM, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_rm},
    {T_PROFILE_CHANGE,      0, 0,             DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_RM, 1, NULL},

    {T_APP_INFO_ENQ,        0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AP, 1, NULL},
    {T_APP_INFO,            6, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_AP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ap},
    {T_ENTER_MENU,          0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AP, 1, NULL},
    {T_REQUEST_CICAM_RESET, 0, 0,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_AP, 3, NULL},
    {T_DATARATE_INFO,       0, 1,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AP, 3, dissect_dvbci_payload_ap},

    {T_CA_INFO_ENQ,         0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CA, 1, NULL},
    {T_CA_INFO,             0, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CA, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ca},
    {T_CA_PMT,              6, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CA, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ca},
    {T_CA_PMT_REPLY,        8, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CA, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ca},

    {T_AUTH_REQ,            2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_AUT, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_aut},
    {T_AUTH_RESP,           2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AUT, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_aut},

    {T_TUNE,                0, 8,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_HC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_hc},
    {T_REPLACE,             0, 5,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_HC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_hc},
    {T_CLEAR_REPLACE,       0, 1,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_HC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_hc},
    {T_ASK_RELEASE,         0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_HC, 1, NULL},
    {T_TUNE_BROADCAST_REQ,  5, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_HC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_hc},
    {T_TUNE_REPLY,          1, 1,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_HC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_hc},
    {T_ASK_RELEASE_REPLY,   1, 1,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_HC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_hc},

    {T_DATE_TIME_ENQ,       0, 1,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_DT, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_dt},
    {T_DATE_TIME,           5, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_DT, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_dt},

    {T_CLOSE_MMI,           1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_DISPLAY_CONTROL,     1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_DISPLAY_REPLY,       1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_ENQ,                 2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_ANSW,                1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_MENU_LAST,          13, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_MENU_MORE,          13, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_MENU_ANSW,           0, 1,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_LIST_LAST,          13, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},
    {T_LIST_MORE,          13, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_MMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi},

    {T_HOST_COUNTRY_ENQ,    0, 0,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_HLC, 1, NULL},
    {T_HOST_COUNTRY,        0, 3,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_HLC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_hlc},
    {T_HOST_LANGUAGE_ENQ,   0, 0,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_HLC, 1, NULL},
    {T_HOST_LANGUAGE,       0, 3,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_HLC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_hlc},

    {T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE,          0, 3, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CUP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cup},
    {T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_REPLY,    0, 1, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CUP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cup},
    {T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_PROGRESS, 0, 1, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CUP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cup},
    {T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_COMPLETE, 0, 1, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CUP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cup},

    {T_CC_OPEN_REQ,                0,  0,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, NULL},
    {T_CC_OPEN_CNF,                0,  1,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_DATA_REQ,                3,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_DATA_CNF,                2,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_SYNC_REQ,                0,  0,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, NULL},
    {T_CC_SYNC_CNF,                0,  1,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ,            8,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_SAC_DATA_CNF,            8,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_SAC_SYNC_REQ,            8,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_SAC_SYNC_CNF,            8,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_PIN_CAPABILITIES_REQ,    0,  0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 2, NULL},
    {T_CC_PIN_CAPABILITIES_REPLY,  7,  7,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_PIN_CMD,                 1,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_PIN_REPLY,               1,  1,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_PIN_EVENT,              25, 25,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_CC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_PIN_PLAYBACK,           16, 16,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},
    {T_CC_PIN_MMI_REQ,             1,  LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_CC, 2, dissect_dvbci_payload_cc},

    {T_REQUEST_START,       2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_AMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ami},
    {T_REQUEST_START_ACK,   0, 1,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ami},
    {T_FILE_REQUEST,        1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ami},
    {T_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE,    2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_AMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ami},
    {T_APP_ABORT_REQUEST,   0, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_AMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ami},
    {T_APP_ABORT_ACK,       0, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_AMI, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_ami},

    {T_COMMS_CMD,             1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_LSC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc},
    {T_COMMS_REPLY,           0, 2,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_LSC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc},
    {T_COMMS_SEND_LAST,       2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_LSC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc},
    {T_COMMS_SEND_MORE,       2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_LSC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc},
    {T_COMMS_RCV_LAST,        2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_LSC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc},
    {T_COMMS_RCV_MORE,        2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_LSC, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc},
    {T_COMMS_IP_CONFIG_REQ,   0, 0,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_LSC, 4, NULL},
    {T_COMMS_IP_CONFIG_REPLY, 2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_LSC, 4, dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc},

    {T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_OFFER, 1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_AFS, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_afs},
    {T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_ACK,   1, 1,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AFS, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_afs},
    {T_AFS_FILE_REQUEST,      1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_AFS, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_afs},
    {T_AFS_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE,  2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_AFS, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_afs},

    {T_OPERATOR_STATUS_REQ,       0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, NULL},
    {T_OPERATOR_STATUS,           0, 6,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_opp},
    {T_OPERATOR_NIT_REQ,          0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, NULL},
    {T_OPERATOR_NIT,              2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_opp},
    {T_OPERATOR_INFO_REQ,         0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, NULL},
    {T_OPERATOR_INFO,             1, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_opp},
    {T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_START,     3, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_opp},
    {T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_STATUS,    0, 6,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_opp},
    {T_OPERATOR_EXIT,             0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, NULL},
    {T_OPERATOR_TUNE,             2, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_opp},
    {T_OPERATOR_TUNE_STATUS,      5, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_opp},
    {T_OPERATOR_ENTITLEMENT_ACK,  0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, NULL},
    {T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_CANCEL,    0, 0,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_OPP, 1, NULL},

    {T_SAS_CONNECT_RQST,    0, 8,             DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, RES_CLASS_SAS, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_sas},
    {T_SAS_CONNECT_CNF,     0, 9,             DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, RES_CLASS_SAS, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_sas},
    {T_SAS_ASYNC_MSG,       3, LEN_FIELD_ANY, DIRECTION_ANY,    RES_CLASS_SAS, 1, dissect_dvbci_payload_sas}
};

static const value_string dvbci_apdu_tag[] = {
    { T_PROFILE_ENQ,                   "Profile enquiry" },
    { T_PROFILE,                       "Profile information" },
    { T_PROFILE_CHANGE,                "Profile change notification" },
    { T_APP_INFO_ENQ,                  "Application info enquiry" },
    { T_APP_INFO,                      "Application info" },
    { T_ENTER_MENU,                    "Enter menu" },
    { T_REQUEST_CICAM_RESET,           "Request CICAM reset" },
    { T_DATARATE_INFO,                 "Datarate info" },
    { T_CA_INFO_ENQ,                   "CA info enquiry" },
    { T_CA_INFO,                       "CA info" },
    { T_CA_PMT,                        "CA PMT" },
    { T_CA_PMT_REPLY,                  "CA PMT reply" },
    { T_AUTH_REQ,                      "Authentication request" },
    { T_AUTH_RESP,                     "Authentication response" },
    { T_TUNE,                          "Tune" },
    { T_REPLACE,                       "Replace" },
    { T_CLEAR_REPLACE,                 "Clear replace" },
    { T_ASK_RELEASE,                   "Ask release" },
    { T_TUNE_BROADCAST_REQ,            "Tune broadcast request" },
    { T_TUNE_REPLY,                    "Tune reply" },
    { T_ASK_RELEASE_REPLY,             "Ask release reply" },
    { T_TUNE_LCN_REQ,                  "Tune LCN request" },
    { T_TUNE_IP_REQ,                   "Tune IP request" },
    { T_TUNE_TRIPLET_REQ,              "Tune triplet request" },
    { T_TUNE_STATUS_REQ,               "Tune status request" },
    { T_TUNE_STATUS_REPLY,             "Tune status reply" },
    { T_DATE_TIME_ENQ,                 "Date-Time enquiry" },
    { T_DATE_TIME,                     "Date-Time" },
    { T_CLOSE_MMI,                     "Close MMI" },
    { T_DISPLAY_CONTROL,               "Display control" },
    { T_DISPLAY_REPLY,                 "Display reply" },
    { T_TEXT_LAST,                     "Text last" },
    { T_TEXT_MORE,                     "Text more" },
    { T_ENQ,                           "Enquiry" },
    { T_ANSW,                          "Answer" },
    { T_MENU_LAST,                     "Menu last" },
    { T_MENU_MORE,                     "Menu more" },
    { T_MENU_ANSW,                     "Menu answer" },
    { T_LIST_LAST,                     "List last" },
    { T_LIST_MORE,                     "List more" },
    { T_HOST_COUNTRY_ENQ,              "Host country enquiry" },
    { T_HOST_COUNTRY,                  "Host country" },
    { T_HOST_LANGUAGE_ENQ,             "Host language enquiry" },
    { T_HOST_LANGUAGE,                 "Host language" },
    { T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE,          "CAM firmware upgrade" },
    { T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_REPLY,    "CAM firmware upgrade reply" },
    { T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_PROGRESS, "CAM firmware upgrade progress" },
    { T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_COMPLETE, "CAM firmware upgrade complete" },
    { T_CC_OPEN_REQ,                   "CC open request" },
    { T_CC_OPEN_CNF,                   "CC open confirm" },
    { T_CC_DATA_REQ,                   "CC data request" },
    { T_CC_DATA_CNF,                   "CC data confirm" },
    { T_CC_SYNC_REQ,                   "CC sync request" },
    { T_CC_SYNC_CNF,                   "CC sync confirm" },
    { T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ,               "CC SAC data request" },
    { T_CC_SAC_DATA_CNF,               "CC SAC data confirm" },
    { T_CC_SAC_SYNC_REQ,               "CC SAC sync request" },
    { T_CC_SAC_SYNC_CNF,               "CC SAC sync confirm" },
    { T_CC_PIN_CAPABILITIES_REQ,       "CC PIN capabilities request" },
    { T_CC_PIN_CAPABILITIES_REPLY,     "CC PIN capabilities reply" },
    { T_CC_PIN_CMD,                    "CC PIN command" },
    { T_CC_PIN_REPLY,                  "CC PIN reply" },
    { T_CC_PIN_EVENT,                  "CC PIN event" },
    { T_CC_PIN_PLAYBACK,               "CC PIN playback" },
    { T_CC_PIN_MMI_REQ,                "CC PIN MMI request" },
    { T_REQUEST_START,                 "Request start" },
    { T_REQUEST_START_ACK,             "Request start ack" },
    { T_FILE_REQUEST,                  "File request" },
    { T_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE,              "File acknowledge" },
    { T_APP_ABORT_REQUEST,             "App abort request" },
    { T_APP_ABORT_ACK,                 "App abort ack" },
    { T_COMMS_CMD,                     "Comms command" },
    { T_COMMS_REPLY,                   "Comms reply" },
    { T_CONNECTION_DESCRIPTOR,         "Connection descriptor" },
    { T_COMMS_SEND_LAST,               "Comms send last" },
    { T_COMMS_SEND_MORE,               "Comms send more" },
    { T_COMMS_RCV_LAST,                "Comms receive last" },
    { T_COMMS_RCV_MORE,                "Comms receive more" },
    { T_COMMS_IP_CONFIG_REQ,           "Comms IP config request" },
    { T_COMMS_IP_CONFIG_REPLY,         "Comms IP config reply" },
    { T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_OFFER,         "File system offer" },
    { T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_ACK,           "File system ack" },
    { T_AFS_FILE_REQUEST,              "File request" },
    { T_AFS_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE,          "File acknowledge" },
    { T_OPERATOR_STATUS_REQ,           "Operator status request" },
    { T_OPERATOR_STATUS,               "Operator status" },
    { T_OPERATOR_NIT_REQ,              "Operator NIT request" },
    { T_OPERATOR_NIT,                  "Operator NIT" },
    { T_OPERATOR_INFO_REQ,             "Operator info request" },
    { T_OPERATOR_INFO,                 "Operator info" },
    { T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_START,         "Operator search start" },
    { T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_STATUS,        "Operator search status" },
    { T_OPERATOR_EXIT,                 "Operator exit" },
    { T_OPERATOR_TUNE,                 "Operator tune" },
    { T_OPERATOR_TUNE_STATUS,          "Operator tune status" },
    { T_OPERATOR_ENTITLEMENT_ACK,      "Operator entitlement acknowledge" },
    { T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_CANCEL,        "Operator search cancel" },
    { T_SAS_CONNECT_RQST,              "SAS connect request" },
    { T_SAS_CONNECT_CNF,               "SAS connect confirm" },
    { T_SAS_ASYNC_MSG,                 "SAS async message" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

WS_DLL_PUBLIC_DEF const value_string dvbci_event[] = {
    { DVBCI_EVT_DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, "data transfer Host -> CAM" },
    { DVBCI_EVT_DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, "data transfer CAM -> Host" },
    { DVBCI_EVT_CIS_READ,         "read the Card Information Structure (CIS)" },
    { DVBCI_EVT_COR_WRITE,        "write into the Configuration Option Register (COR)" },
    { DVBCI_EVT_HW_EVT,           "hardware event" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

static int proto_dvbci;

static dissector_handle_t dvbci_handle;

static const char *dvbci_sek;
static const char *dvbci_siv;
static bool dvbci_dissect_lsc_msg;

/* the output of pref_key_string_to_bin() applied to dvbci_sek and _siv */
static unsigned char *dvbci_sek_bin;
static unsigned char *dvbci_siv_bin;

static dissector_handle_t data_handle;
static dissector_handle_t mpeg_pmt_handle;
static dissector_handle_t dvb_nit_handle;
static dissector_handle_t mime_handle;
static dissector_table_t tcp_dissector_table;
static dissector_table_t udp_dissector_table;

static int exported_pdu_tap = -1;

static int ett_dvbci;
static int ett_dvbci_hdr;
static int ett_dvbci_cis;
static int ett_dvbci_cis_tpl;
static int ett_dvbci_cis_subtpl;
static int ett_dvbci_link;
static int ett_dvbci_link_frag;
static int ett_dvbci_link_frags;
static int ett_dvbci_transport;
static int ett_dvbci_transport_frag;
static int ett_dvbci_transport_frags;
static int ett_dvbci_session;
static int ett_dvbci_res;
static int ett_dvbci_application;
static int ett_dvbci_es;
static int ett_dvbci_ca_desc;
static int ett_dvbci_text;
static int ett_dvbci_cc_item;
static int ett_dvbci_sac_msg_body;
static int ett_dvbci_ami_req_types;
static int ett_dvbci_lsc_conn_desc;
static int ett_dvbci_opp_cap_loop;
static int ett_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint;


static int hf_dvbci_hdr_ver;
static int hf_dvbci_event;
static int hf_dvbci_len;
static int hf_dvbci_hw_event;
static int hf_dvbci_cor_addr;
static int hf_dvbci_cor_val;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_code;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_len;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_data;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_major;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_minor;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_manuf;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_name;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_additional;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_end;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rfsz;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rmsz;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rasz;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_last;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_radr;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rmsk;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_st_code;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_st_len;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_stci_ifn_size;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_stci_ifn;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_stci_str;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_intface;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_default;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_cnf_entry;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_if_type;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_mem_space;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_irq;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_io;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_dev_vcc_used;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_dev_mwait;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_dev_oth_cond_info;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tplmid_manf;
static int hf_dvbci_cis_tplmid_card;
static int hf_dvbci_buf_size;
static int hf_dvbci_tcid;
static int hf_dvbci_ml;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frags;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frag;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frag_overlap;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frag_overlap_conflicts;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frag_multiple_tails;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frag_too_long_frag;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frag_err;
static int hf_dvbci_l_frag_cnt;
static int hf_dvbci_l_reass_in;
static int hf_dvbci_l_reass_len;
static int hf_dvbci_c_tpdu_tag;
static int hf_dvbci_r_tpdu_tag;
static int hf_dvbci_t_c_id;
static int hf_dvbci_sb_tag;
static int hf_dvbci_sb_value;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frags;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frag;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frag_overlap;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frag_overlap_conflicts;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frag_multiple_tails;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frag_too_long_frag;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frag_err;
static int hf_dvbci_t_frag_cnt;
static int hf_dvbci_t_reass_in;
static int hf_dvbci_t_reass_len;
static int hf_dvbci_spdu_tag;
static int hf_dvbci_sess_status;
static int hf_dvbci_sess_nb;
static int hf_dvbci_close_sess_status;
static int hf_dvbci_res_id;
static int hf_dvbci_res_id_type;
static int hf_dvbci_res_class;
static int hf_dvbci_res_type;
static int hf_dvbci_res_ver;
static int hf_dvbci_apdu_tag;
static int hf_dvbci_app_type;
static int hf_dvbci_app_manf;
static int hf_dvbci_manf_code;
static int hf_dvbci_menu_str_len;
static int hf_dvbci_ap_char_tbl;
static int hf_dvbci_menu_str;
static int hf_dvbci_data_rate;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_sys_id;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_pmt_list_mgmt;
static int hf_dvbci_prog_num;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_ver;
static int hf_dvbci_curr_next;
static int hf_dvbci_prog_info_len;
static int hf_dvbci_stream_type;
static int hf_dvbci_es_pid;
static int hf_dvbci_es_info_len;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id;
static int hf_dvbci_descr_len;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_pid;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_priv_data;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_enable_flag;
static int hf_dvbci_ca_enable;
static int hf_dvbci_auth_proto_id;
static int hf_dvbci_auth_req_bytes;
static int hf_dvbci_auth_resp_bytes;
static int hf_dvbci_network_id;
static int hf_dvbci_original_network_id;
static int hf_dvbci_transport_stream_id;
static int hf_dvbci_service_id;
static int hf_dvbci_replacement_ref;
static int hf_dvbci_replaced_pid;
static int hf_dvbci_replacement_pid;
static int hf_dvbci_pmt_flag;
static int hf_dvbci_hc_desc_loop_len;
static int hf_dvbci_hc_status;
static int hf_dvbci_hc_release_reply;
static int hf_dvbci_resp_intv;
static int hf_dvbci_utc_time;
static int hf_dvbci_local_offset;
static int hf_dvbci_close_mmi_cmd_id;
static int hf_dvbci_close_mmi_delay;
static int hf_dvbci_disp_ctl_cmd;
static int hf_dvbci_mmi_mode;
static int hf_dvbci_disp_rep_id;
static int hf_dvbci_mmi_char_tbl;
static int hf_dvbci_blind_ans;
static int hf_dvbci_ans_txt_len;
static int hf_dvbci_enq;
static int hf_dvbci_ans_id;
static int hf_dvbci_ans;
static int hf_dvbci_choice_nb;
static int hf_dvbci_choice_ref;
static int hf_dvbci_item_nb;
static int hf_dvbci_title;
static int hf_dvbci_subtitle;
static int hf_dvbci_bottom;
static int hf_dvbci_item;
static int hf_dvbci_host_country;
static int hf_dvbci_host_language;
static int hf_dvbci_cup_type;
static int hf_dvbci_cup_download_time;
static int hf_dvbci_cup_answer;
static int hf_dvbci_cup_progress;
static int hf_dvbci_cup_reset;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_sys_id_bitmask;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_snd_dat_nbr;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_req_dat_nbr;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_dat_id;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_dat_len;
static int hf_dvbci_brand_cert;
static int hf_dvbci_dev_cert;
static int hf_dvbci_uri_ver;
static int hf_dvbci_uri_aps;
static int hf_dvbci_uri_emi;
static int hf_dvbci_uri_ict;
static int hf_dvbci_uri_rct;
static int hf_dvbci_uri_dot;
static int hf_dvbci_uri_rl;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_key_register;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_status_field;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_op_mode;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_data;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_msg_ctr;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_proto_ver;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_auth_cip;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_payload_enc;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_enc_cip;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_payload_len;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_enc_body;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_padding;
static int hf_dvbci_sac_signature;
static int hf_dvbci_rating;
static int hf_dvbci_capability_field;
static int hf_dvbci_pin_chg_time;
static int hf_dvbci_pincode_status;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_prog_num;
static int hf_dvbci_pin_evt_time;
static int hf_dvbci_pin_evt_cent;
static int hf_dvbci_cc_priv_data;
static int hf_dvbci_pincode;
static int hf_dvbci_app_dom_id_len;
static int hf_dvbci_init_obj_len;
static int hf_dvbci_app_dom_id;
static int hf_dvbci_init_obj;
static int hf_dvbci_ack_code;
static int hf_dvbci_req_type;
static int hf_dvbci_file_hash;
static int hf_dvbci_file_name_len;
static int hf_dvbci_file_name;
static int hf_dvbci_file_data_len;
static int hf_dvbci_ami_priv_data;
static int hf_dvbci_req_ok;
static int hf_dvbci_file_ok;
static int hf_dvbci_abort_req_code;
static int hf_dvbci_abort_ack_code;
static int hf_dvbci_phase_id;
static int hf_dvbci_comms_rep_id;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_buf_size;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_ret_val;
static int hf_dvbci_comms_cmd_id;
static int hf_dvbci_conn_desc_type;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_media_tag;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_media_len;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_media_data;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_ip_ver;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_ipv4_addr;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_ipv6_addr;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_dst_port;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_proto;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_hostname;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_retry_count;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_timeout;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_conn_state;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_phys_addr;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_netmask;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_gateway;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_dhcp_srv;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_num_dns_srv;
static int hf_dvbci_lsc_dns_srv;
static int hf_dvbci_afs_dom_id;
static int hf_dvbci_afs_ack_code;
static int hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_status;
static int hf_dvbci_nit_ver;
static int hf_dvbci_pro_typ;
static int hf_dvbci_init_flag;
static int hf_dvbci_ent_chg_flag;
static int hf_dvbci_ent_val_flag;
static int hf_dvbci_ref_req_flag;
static int hf_dvbci_err_flag;
static int hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint;
static int hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_t;
static int hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_s;
static int hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_c;
static int hf_dvbci_refr_req_date;
static int hf_dvbci_refr_req_time;
static int hf_dvbci_nit_loop_len;
static int hf_dvbci_info_valid;
static int hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_info;
static int hf_dvbci_cicam_onid;
static int hf_dvbci_cicam_id;
static int hf_dvbci_opp_char_tbl;
static int hf_dvbci_sdt_rst_trusted;
static int hf_dvbci_eit_rst_trusted;
static int hf_dvbci_eit_pf_usage;
static int hf_dvbci_eit_sch_usage;
static int hf_dvbci_ext_evt_usage;
static int hf_dvbci_sdt_oth_trusted;
static int hf_dvbci_eit_evt_trigger;
static int hf_dvbci_opp_lang_code;
static int hf_dvbci_prof_name;
static int hf_dvbci_unattended;
static int hf_dvbci_opp_svc_type_loop_len;
static int hf_dvbci_opp_svc_type;
static int hf_dvbci_dlv_cap_loop_len;
static int hf_dvbci_dlv_cap_byte;
static int hf_dvbci_app_cap_loop_len;
static int hf_dvbci_app_cap_bytes;
static int hf_dvbci_desc_num;
static int hf_dvbci_sig_strength;
static int hf_dvbci_sig_qual;
static int hf_dvbci_opp_tune_status;
static int hf_dvbci_opp_desc_loop_len;
static int hf_dvbci_sas_app_id;
static int hf_dvbci_sas_sess_state;
static int hf_dvbci_sas_msg_nb;
static int hf_dvbci_sas_msg_len;

static int * const dvb_ci_res_id_fields[] = {
  &hf_dvbci_res_id_type,
  &hf_dvbci_res_class,
  &hf_dvbci_res_type,
  &hf_dvbci_res_ver,
  NULL
};

static int * const dvbci_opp_dlv_sys_hint_fields[] = {
    &hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_t,
    &hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_s,
    &hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_c,
    NULL
};


static expert_field ei_dvbci_cor_addr;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_buf_size;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_ml;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_c_tpdu_tag;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_r_tpdu_status_mandatory;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_r_tpdu_tag;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_sb_value;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_t_c_id;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_tpdu_status_tag;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_spdu_tag;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_spdu_cam_to_host;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_spdu_host_to_cam;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_apdu_tag;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_apu_cam_to_host;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_apu_host_to_cam;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_apdu_not_supported;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_res_ver;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_res_class;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_bad_length;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_invalid_char_tbl;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_no_ca_desc_es;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_no_ca_desc_prog;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_time_offs_unknown;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_not_text_more_or_text_last;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_network_id;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_cc_pin_nvr_chg;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_pin_evt_cent;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_sac_payload_enc;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_sig_qual;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_cicam_nit_table_id;
static expert_field ei_dvbci_cup_progress;

static dissector_table_t sas_msg_dissector_table;

static reassembly_table tpdu_reassembly_table;
static reassembly_table spdu_reassembly_table;

static const fragment_items tpdu_frag_items = {
    &ett_dvbci_link_frag,
    &ett_dvbci_link_frags,

    &hf_dvbci_l_frags,
    &hf_dvbci_l_frag,
    &hf_dvbci_l_frag_overlap,
    &hf_dvbci_l_frag_overlap_conflicts,
    &hf_dvbci_l_frag_multiple_tails,
    &hf_dvbci_l_frag_too_long_frag,
    &hf_dvbci_l_frag_err,
    &hf_dvbci_l_frag_cnt,

    &hf_dvbci_l_reass_in,
    &hf_dvbci_l_reass_len,
    /* Reassembled data field */
    NULL,
    "Tpdu fragments"
};
static const fragment_items spdu_frag_items = {
    &ett_dvbci_transport_frag,
    &ett_dvbci_transport_frags,

    &hf_dvbci_t_frags,
    &hf_dvbci_t_frag,
    &hf_dvbci_t_frag_overlap,
    &hf_dvbci_t_frag_overlap_conflicts,
    &hf_dvbci_t_frag_multiple_tails,
    &hf_dvbci_t_frag_too_long_frag,
    &hf_dvbci_t_frag_err,
    &hf_dvbci_t_frag_cnt,

    &hf_dvbci_t_reass_in,
    &hf_dvbci_t_reass_len,
    /* Reassembled data field */
    NULL,
    "Spdu fragments"
};



typedef struct _spdu_info_t {
    uint8_t tag;
    uint8_t direction;
    uint8_t len_field;
} spdu_info_t;

static const value_string dvbci_hw_event[] = {
    { CAM_IN,    "CI Module is inserted" },
    { CAM_OUT,   "CI Module is removed" },
    { POWER_ON,  "CI slot power on" },
    { POWER_OFF, "CI slot power off" },
    { TS_ROUTE,  "Transport stream routed through the CI Module" },
    { TS_BYPASS, "Transport stream bypasses the CI Module" },
    { RESET_H,   "Reset pin is high" },
    { RESET_L,   "Reset pin is low" },
    { READY_H,   "Ready pin is high" },
    { READY_L,   "Ready pin is low" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cis_tpl_code[] = {
    { CISTPL_NO_LINK, "No-link tuple" },
    { CISTPL_VERS_1, "Level 1 version/product information" },
    { CISTPL_CONFIG, "Configuration for a 16bit PC-Card" },
    { CISTPL_CFTABLE_ENTRY, "Configuration-table entry" },
    { CISTPL_DEVICE_OC, "Device information for Common Memory" },
    { CISTPL_DEVICE_OA, "Device information for Attribute Memory" },
    { CISTPL_MANFID, "Manufacturer identification string" },
    { CISTPL_END, "End of chain" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cis_subtpl_code[] = {
    { CCSTPL_CIF, "Custom interface subtuple" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cis_tpce_if_type[] = {
    { TPCE_IF_TYPE_MEM,    "Memory" },
    { TPCE_IF_TYPE_IO_MEM, "I/O and Memory" },
    { TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST0,  "Custom Interface 0" },
    { TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST1,  "Custom Interface 1" },
    { TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST2,  "Custom Interface 2" },
    { TPCE_IF_TYPE_CUST3,  "Custom Interface 3" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cis_dev_vcc_used[] = {
    { CIS_DEV_VCC50, "5.0V" },
    { CIS_DEV_VCC33, "3.3V" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_ml[] = {
    { ML_MORE, "more TPDU fragments pending" },
    { ML_LAST, "last TPDU fragment" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_c_tpdu[] = {
    { T_RCV, "T_RCV" },
    { T_CREATE_T_C,  "T_create_t_c" },
    { T_DELETE_T_C,  "T_delete_t_c" },
    { T_D_T_C_REPLY, "T_d_t_c_reply" },
    { T_NEW_T_C,     "T_new_t_c" },
    { T_T_C_ERROR,   "T_t_c_error" },
    { T_DATA_LAST,   "T_data_last" },
    { T_DATA_MORE,   "T_data_more" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_r_tpdu[] = {
    { T_C_T_C_REPLY, "T_c_tc_reply" },
    { T_DELETE_T_C,  "T_delete_t_c" },
    { T_D_T_C_REPLY, "T_d_t_c_reply" },
    { T_REQUEST_T_C, "T_request_t_c" },
    { T_DATA_LAST,   "T_data_last" },
    { T_DATA_MORE,   "T_data_more" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_sb_value[] = {
    { SB_VAL_MSG_AVAILABLE,    "message available" },
    { SB_VAL_NO_MSG_AVAILABLE, "no message available" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_spdu_tag[] = {
    { T_SESSION_NUMBER,          "Session Number (payload data)" },
    { T_OPEN_SESSION_REQUEST,    "Open Session Request" },
    { T_OPEN_SESSION_RESPONSE,   "Open Session Response" },
    { T_CREATE_SESSION,          "Create Session" },
    { T_CREATE_SESSION_RESPONSE, "Create Session Response" },
    { T_CLOSE_SESSION_REQUEST,   "Close Session Request" },
    { T_CLOSE_SESSION_RESPONSE,  "Close Session Response" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static GHashTable *spdu_table;
static const spdu_info_t spdu_info[] = {
    { T_SESSION_NUMBER,          DIRECTION_ANY, 2 },
    { T_OPEN_SESSION_REQUEST,    DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, 4 },
    { T_OPEN_SESSION_RESPONSE,   DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, 7 },
    { T_CREATE_SESSION,          DATA_HOST_TO_CAM, 6 },
    { T_CREATE_SESSION_RESPONSE, DATA_CAM_TO_HOST, 7 },
    { T_CLOSE_SESSION_REQUEST,   DIRECTION_ANY, 2 },
    { T_CLOSE_SESSION_RESPONSE,  DIRECTION_ANY, 3 }
};
static const value_string dvbci_sess_status[] = {
    { SESS_OPENED,
      "Session opened" },
    { SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_NON_EXIST,
      "Resource does not exist" },
    { SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_UNAVAIL,
      "Resource exists but it's unavailable" },
    { SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_VER_LOWER,
      "Existing resource's version is lower than requested version" },
    { SESS_NOT_OPENED_RES_BUSY,
      "Resource is busy" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_close_sess_status[] = {
    { SESS_CLOSED,       "Session closed" },
    { SESS_NB_NOT_ALLOC, "Session number not allocated" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_res_class[] = {
    { RES_CLASS_RM,  "Resource Manager" },
    { RES_CLASS_AP,  "Application Info" },
    { RES_CLASS_CA,  "Conditional Access" },
    { RES_CLASS_AUT, "Authentication" },
    { RES_CLASS_HC,  "Host Control" },
    { RES_CLASS_DT,  "Date-Time" },
    { RES_CLASS_MMI, "Man-machine interface (MMI)" },
    { RES_CLASS_AMI, "Application MMI" },
    { RES_CLASS_LSC, "Low-Speed Communication" },
    { RES_CLASS_CC,  "Content Control" },
    { RES_CLASS_HLC, "Host Language & Country" },
    { RES_CLASS_CUP, "CAM Upgrade" },
    { RES_CLASS_OPP, "Operator Profile" },
    { RES_CLASS_AFS, "Auxiliary File System" },
    { RES_CLASS_SAS, "Specific Application Support" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_app_type[] = {
    { APP_TYPE_CA,  "Conditional Access" },
    { APP_TYPE_EPG, "Electronic Program Guide" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_data_rate[] = {
    { DATA_RATE_72, "72 Mbit/s" },
    { DATA_RATE_96, "96 Mbit/s" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_ca_pmt_list_mgmt[] = {
    { LIST_MGMT_MORE,   "more" },
    { LIST_MGMT_FIRST,  "first" },
    { LIST_MGMT_LAST,   "last" },
    { LIST_MGMT_ONLY,   "only" },
    { LIST_MGMT_ADD,    "add" },
    { LIST_MGMT_UPDATE, "update" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id[] = {
    { CMD_ID_OK_DESCR,     "ok descrambling" },
    { CMD_ID_OK_MMI,       "ok mmi" },
    { CMD_ID_QUERY,        "query" },
    { CMD_ID_NOT_SELECTED, "not selected" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_ca_enable[] = {
    { CA_ENAB_DESC_OK, "descrambling possible" },
    { CA_ENAB_DESC_OK_PURCHASE,
        "descrambling possible under conditions (purchase dialogue)" },
    { CA_ENAB_DESC_OK_TECH,
        "descrambling possible under conditions (technical dialogue)" },
    { CA_ENAB_DESC_NG_ENTITLEMENT,
        "descrambling not possible (because no entitlement)" },
    { CA_ENAB_DESC_NG_TECH,
        "descrambling not possible (for technical reasons)" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_hc_status[] = {
    { HC_STAT_OK, "ok" },
    { HC_STAT_ERR_DLVRY, "unsupported delivery system descriptor" },
    { HC_STAT_ERR_LOCK, "tuner not locking" },
    { HC_STAT_ERR_BUSY, "tuner busy" },
    { HC_STAT_ERR_PARAM, "bad or missing parameters" },
    { HC_STAT_ERR_NOT_FOUND, "service not found" },
    { HC_STAT_ERR_UNKNOWN, "unknown error" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_hc_release_reply[] = {
    { HC_RELEASE_OK, "Host regains control of the tuner" },
    { HC_RELEASE_REFUSED, "CICAM retains control of the tuner" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_close_mmi_cmd_id[] = {
    { CLOSE_MMI_CMD_ID_IMMEDIATE, "immediate close" },
    { CLOSE_MMI_CMD_ID_DELAY, "delayed close" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_disp_ctl_cmd[] = {
    { DISP_CMD_SET_MMI_MODE, "set MMI mode" },
    { DISP_CMD_GET_DISP_TBL, "get display character tables" },
    { DISP_CMD_GET_INP_TBL,  "get input character tables" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_mmi_mode[] = {
    { MMI_MODE_HIGH, "High-level MMI" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_disp_rep_id[] = {
    { DISP_REP_ID_MMI_MODE_ACK,     "MMI mode acknowledge" },
    { DISP_REP_ID_DISP_CHAR_TBL,    "list display character tables" },
    { DISP_REP_ID_INP_CHAR_TBL,     "list input character tables" },
    { DISP_REP_ID_UNKNOWN_CMD,      "unknown display control command" },
    { DISP_REP_ID_UNKNOWN_MMI_MODE, "unknown MMI mode" },
    { DISP_REP_ID_UNKNOWN_CHAR_TBL, "unknown character table" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_blind_ans[] = {
    { VISIBLE_ANS, "visible" },
    { BLIND_ANS,   "blind" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_ans_id[] = {
    { ANSW_ID_CANCEL, "cancel" },
    { ANSW_ID_ANSWER, "answer" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cup_type[] = {
    { CUP_DELAYED, "delayed" },
    { CUP_IMMEDIATE, "immediate" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cup_answer[] = {
    { CUP_ANS_NO,  "upgrade denied" },
    { CUP_ANS_YES, "upgrade allowed" },
    { CUP_ANS_ASK, "ask the user for permission" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cup_reset[] = {
    { CUP_RESET_PCMCIA, "PCMCIA reset" },
    { CUP_RESET_CMDIF,  "CI command interface reset" },
    { CUP_RESET_NONE,   "no reset" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_dat_id[] = {
    { CC_ID_HOST_ID,            "Host ID" },
    { CC_ID_CICAM_ID,           "Cicam ID" },
    { CC_ID_HOST_BRAND_CERT,    "Host brand certificate" },
    { CC_ID_CICAM_BRAND_CERT,   "Cicam brand certificate" },
    { CC_ID_KP,                 "Key precursor for CCK" },
    { CC_ID_DHPH,               "Host Diffie-Hellman public key" },
    { CC_ID_DHPM,               "Cicam Diffie-Hellman public key" },
    { CC_ID_HOST_DEV_CERT,      "Host device certificate" },
    { CC_ID_CICAM_DEV_CERT,     "Cicam device certificate" },
    { CC_ID_SIG_A,              "Signature of host Diffie-Hellman public key" },
    { CC_ID_SIG_B,              "Signature of cicam Diffie-Hellman public key" },
    { CC_ID_NS_HOST,            "Host nonce" },
    { CC_ID_AUTH_NONCE,         "Nonce for authentication" },
    { CC_ID_NS_MODULE,          "Cicam nonce" },
    { CC_ID_AKH,                "Host authentication key" },
    { CC_ID_URI,                "URI" },
    { CC_ID_PROG_NUM,           "Program number" },
    { CC_ID_URI_CNF,            "URI confirmation" },
    { CC_ID_KEY_REGISTER,       "Key register" },
    { CC_ID_URI_VERSIONS,       "Supported URI versions" },
    { CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD,       "Status field" },
    { CC_ID_SRM_DATA,           "SRM for HDCP" },
    { CC_ID_SRM_CONFIRM,        "SRM confirmation hash" },
    { CC_ID_CICAM_LICENSE,      "License received from the cicam" },
    { CC_ID_LICENSE_STATUS,     "Current status of the license" },
    { CC_ID_LICENSE_RCV_STATUS, "Status of the license exchange" },
    { CC_ID_HOST_LICENSE,
        "License for which the host requests the current status" },
    { CC_ID_PLAY_COUNT,         "Play count" },
    { CC_ID_OPERATING_MODE,     "Operating mode" },
    { CC_ID_PINCODE_DATA,       "Pincode data" },
    { CC_ID_REC_START_STATUS,   "Record start status" },
    { CC_ID_MODE_CHG_STATUS,    "Change operating mode status" },
    { CC_ID_REC_STOP_STATUS,    "Record stop status" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_uri_emi[] = {
    { CC_EMI_FREE,    "Copy free" },
    { CC_EMI_NO_MORE, "Copy no more" },
    { CC_EMI_ONCE,    "Copy once" },
    { CC_EMI_NEVER,   "Copy never" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_key_register[] = {
    { CC_KEY_EVEN,  "Even" },
    { CC_KEY_ODD,   "Odd" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_status[] = {
    { CC_STATUS_OK,                    "Ok" },
    { CC_STATUS_NO_CC_SUPPORT,         "No CC support" },
    { CC_STATUS_HOST_BUSY,             "Host busy" },
    { CC_STATUS_AUTH_FAILED_OR_NO_SRM, "Authentication failed / SRM not required" },
    { CC_STATUS_CICAM_BUSY,            "CICAM busy" },
    { CC_STATUS_REC_MODE_ERR,          "Recording mode error" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_sac_auth[] = {
    { CC_SAC_AUTH_AES128_XCBC_MAC, "AES 128 XCBC MAC" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_sac_enc[] = {
    { CC_SAC_ENC_AES128_CBC, "AES 128 CBC" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_cap[] = {
    { CC_CAP_NONE,
        "No PIN handling capability" },
    { CC_CAP_CAS_PIN,
        "CAM can do PIN handling on CAS services" },
    { CC_CAP_CAS_FTA_PIN,
        "CAM can do PIN handling on CAS and free services" },
    { CC_CAP_CAS_PIN_CACHED,
        "CAM can do PIN handling on CAS services and supports PIN caching" },
    { CC_CAP_CAS_FTA_PIN_CACHED,
        "CAM can do PIN handling on CAS and free services, supports PIN caching" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_pincode_status[] = {
    { CC_PIN_BAD,         "Bad pin code" },
    { CC_PIN_CAM_BUSY,    "CAM busy" },
    { CC_PIN_OK,          "Pin code correct" },
    { CC_PIN_UNCONFIRMED, "Pin code unconfirmed" },
    { CC_PIN_VB_NOT_REQ,  "Video blanking not required" },
    { CC_PIN_CSA,         "Content still CSA scrambled" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_cc_op_mode[] = {
    { CC_OP_MODE_WATCH_BUFFER, "Watch and buffer" },
    { CC_OP_MODE_TIMESHIFT,    "Timeshift" },
    { CC_OP_MODE_UNATTENDED,   "Unattended recording" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_ack_code[] = {
    { ACK_CODE_OK, "Ok" },
    { ACK_CODE_WRONG_API,  "Application Domain unsupported" },
    { ACK_CODE_API_BUSY,   "Application Domain currently unavailable" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_req_type[] = {
    { REQ_TYPE_FILE, "File" },
    { REQ_TYPE_DATA, "Data" },
    { REQ_TYPE_FILE_HASH, "FileHash" },
    { REQ_TYPE_REQ, "List supported request types" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_comms_cmd_id[] = {
    { COMMS_CMD_ID_CONNECT_ON_CHANNEL, "connect on channel" },
    { COMMS_CMD_ID_DISCONNECT_ON_CHANNEL, "disconnect on channel" },
    { COMMS_CMD_ID_SET_PARAMS, "set parameters" },
    { COMMS_CMD_ID_ENQUIRE_STATUS, "status enquiry" },
    { COMMS_CMD_ID_GET_NEXT_BUFFER, "get next buffer" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_conn_desc_type[] = {
    { CONN_DESC_TEL, "DVB-SI telephone descriptor" },
    { CONN_DESC_CABLE, "cable return channel" },
    { CONN_DESC_IP, "IP descriptor" },
    { CONN_DESC_HOSTNAME, "hostname descriptor" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_lsc_desc_tag[] = {
    { LSC_DESC_IP, "IP descriptor" },
    { LSC_DESC_HOSTNAME, "hostname descriptor" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_lsc_ip_ver[] = {
    { LSC_IPV4, "IPv4" },
    { LSC_IPV6, "IPv6" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_lsc_proto[] = {
    { LSC_TCP, "TCP" },
    { LSC_UDP, "UDP" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_comms_rep_id[] = {
    { COMMS_REP_ID_CONNECT_ACK, "connect ack" },
    { COMMS_REP_ID_DISCONNECT_ACK, "disconnect ack" },
    { COMMS_REP_ID_SET_PARAMS_ACK, "set parameters ack" },
    { COMMS_REP_ID_STATUS_REPLY, "status reply" },
    { COMMS_REP_ID_GET_NEXT_BUFFER_ACK, "get next buffer ack" },
    { COMMS_REP_ID_SEND_ACK, "send ack" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_lsc_ret_val[] = {
    { LSC_RET_OK, "ok" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_lsc_connect[] = {
    { LSC_DISCONNECTED, "disconnected" },
    { LSC_CONNECTED, "connected" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_lsc_ret_val_params[] = {
    { LSC_RET_OK, "ok" },
    { LSC_RET_TOO_BIG, "buffer size too big" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_afs_ack_code[] = {
    { AFS_ACK_RSV, "Reserved for future use" },
    { AFS_ACK_OK, "The application environment is supported by the Host" },
    { AFS_ACK_UNKNOWN, "The DomainIdentifier is not supported by the Host" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_opp_ref_req_flag[] = {
    { OPP_REF_REG_FLG_NONE,  "none" },
    { OPP_REF_REG_FLG_ADV,   "advance warning" },
    { OPP_REF_REG_FLG_URG,   "urgent" },
    { OPP_REF_REG_FLG_SCHED, "scheduled" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_opp_err_flag[] = {
    { OPP_ERR_FLG_OK,          "no error" },
    { OPP_ERR_FLG_PROF,        "CICAM can't acquire the profile" },
    { OPP_ERR_FLG_UNSUPPORTED, "unsupported delivery system" },
    { OPP_ERR_FLG_CANCELLED,   "operator search was cancelled" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_opp_eit_pf_usage[] = {
    { OPP_EIT_ABSENT, "no EIT present" },
    { OPP_EIT_NOT_X,  "EIT is not fully ross-carried" },
    { OPP_EIT_FULL_X, "EIT is fully cross-carried" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_opp_eit_sch_usage[] = {
    { OPP_EIT_ABSENT, "no EIT present" },
    { OPP_EIT_NOT_X,  "EIT is not fully ross-carried" },
    { OPP_EIT_FULL_X, "EIT is fully cross-carried" },
    { OPP_EIT_BARKER, "EIT is available from a barker channel" },
    { OPP_EPG_APP,    "EPG is delivered using an application" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_opp_ext_evt[] = {
    { OPP_EXT_EVT_DIFF, "extended event info is different from short event" },
    { OPP_EXT_EVT_ADD,  "extended event info includes short event" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_opp_dlv_cap[] = {
    { OPP_DLV_CAP_S,  "DVB-S" },
    { OPP_DLV_CAP_C,  "DVB-C" },
    { OPP_DLV_CAP_T,  "DVB-T" },
    { OPP_DLV_CAP_S2, "DVB-S2" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_opp_tune_stat[] = {
    { OPP_TUNE_OK,          "success" },
    { OPP_TUNE_UNSUPPORTED, "unsupported delivery system descriptor" },
    { OPP_TUNE_INVALID,     "invalid delivery system descriptor" },
    { OPP_TUNE_ERR,         "failed" },
    { 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string dvbci_sas_sess_state[] = {
    { SAS_SESS_STATE_CONNECTED, "connected" },
    { SAS_SESS_STATE_NOT_FOUND, "application not found" },
    { SAS_SESS_STATE_DENIED, "denied, no more connections available" },
    { 0, NULL }
};

extern value_string_ext mpeg_pmt_stream_type_vals_ext;

static uint16_t buf_size_cam;    /* buffer size proposal by the CAM */
/* buffer size proposal by the host == negotiated buffer size */
static uint16_t buf_size_host;


int
dvbci_set_addrs(uint8_t event, packet_info *pinfo)
{
    if (!IS_DATA_TRANSFER(event))
        return -1;

    if (event == DVBCI_EVT_DATA_HOST_TO_CAM) {
        set_address(&pinfo->src, AT_STRINGZ,
                (int)strlen(ADDR_HOST)+1, ADDR_HOST);
        set_address(&pinfo->dst, AT_STRINGZ,
                (int)strlen(ADDR_CAM)+1 , ADDR_CAM);
    }
    else {
        set_address(&pinfo->src, AT_STRINGZ,
                (int)strlen(ADDR_CAM)+1 , ADDR_CAM);
        set_address(&pinfo->dst, AT_STRINGZ,
                (int)strlen(ADDR_HOST)+1, ADDR_HOST);
    }

    return 1;
}

static uint8_t
dvbci_get_evt_from_addrs(packet_info *pinfo)
{
    /* this should be working from C89 on */
    static const address a_cam  = ADDRESS_INIT(AT_STRINGZ, sizeof(ADDR_CAM), ADDR_CAM);
    static const address a_host = ADDRESS_INIT(AT_STRINGZ, sizeof(ADDR_HOST), ADDR_HOST);

    if ( addresses_equal(&(pinfo->src), &a_cam) &&
         addresses_equal(&(pinfo->dst), &a_host) ) {
        return DVBCI_EVT_DATA_CAM_TO_HOST;
    }
    else if ( addresses_equal(&(pinfo->src), &a_host) &&
              addresses_equal(&(pinfo->dst), &a_cam) ) {
        return DVBCI_EVT_DATA_HOST_TO_CAM;
    }
    else
        return DVBCI_EVT_INVALID_EVT;
}


/* this must be a function, not a macro,
   so that we can enforce the return type */
static inline int16_t two_comp_to_int16(uint16_t x)
{
   return (x&0x8000) ? -~(x-1) : x;
}


/* initialize/reset per capture state data */
static void
dvbci_init(void)
{
    buf_size_cam  = 0;
    buf_size_host = 0;
}


/* dissect a delivery system descriptor loop
   and the preceding length field
   (used for host control and operator profile)
   return the number of bytes dissected */
static int
dissect_desc_loop(int len_hf,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int offset_start;
    uint16_t desc_loop_len;
    unsigned desc_len;

    offset_start = offset;

    desc_loop_len = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset) & 0x0FFF;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, len_hf, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;
    while (offset-offset_start < 2+desc_loop_len) {
        desc_len = proto_mpeg_descriptor_dissect(tvb, offset, tree);
        if (desc_len==0)
            break;
        offset += desc_len;
    }

    return offset-offset_start;
}


/* dissect operator profile's status body, return its length */
static int
dissect_opp_status_body(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int offset_start;

    offset_start = offset;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_status,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_nit_ver,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_pro_typ,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_init_flag,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ent_chg_flag,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ent_val_flag,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ref_req_flag,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_err_flag,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_bitmask(tree, tvb, offset,
            hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint, ett_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint,
            dvbci_opp_dlv_sys_hint_fields, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_refr_req_date,
            tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_refr_req_time,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    return offset-offset_start;
}


/* dissect a capability loop in an operator_search_start apdu */
static int
dissect_opp_cap_loop(uint8_t cap_loop_len, const char *title,
        int item_hf, unsigned item_len,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    proto_tree *loop_tree = NULL;
    unsigned    i;

    if (!title)
        return -1;
    if (item_len==0)
        return -1;

    if (tree && cap_loop_len>0) {
        loop_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, cap_loop_len, ett_dvbci_opp_cap_loop, NULL, title);
    }
    for (i=0; i<item_len*cap_loop_len; i+=item_len) {
        proto_tree_add_item(loop_tree, item_hf,
                tvb, offset+i, item_len, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }

    return cap_loop_len;
}


/* dissect age rating byte encoded as defined in
   DVB-SI parental rating descriptor
   returns rating's length in bytes or -1 for error */
static int
dissect_rating(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint8_t rating;

    rating = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    if (1<=rating && rating<=0x0F) {
        proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_rating,
                tvb, offset, 1, rating,
                "Rating is %d years (%d+3)", rating+3, rating);
    } else {
        proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_rating,
                tvb, offset, 1, rating,
                "Rating is unknown/undefined (%d)", rating);
    }

    return 1;
}


/* if there's a dissector for the protocol and target port of our
    lsc connection, store it in the lsc session's circuit */
static void
store_lsc_msg_dissector(conversation_t *conv, uint8_t ip_proto, uint16_t port)
{
    dissector_handle_t msg_handle = NULL;

    if (!conv)
        return;

    if (ip_proto==LSC_TCP)
        msg_handle = dissector_get_uint_handle(tcp_dissector_table, port);
    else if (ip_proto==LSC_UDP)
        msg_handle = dissector_get_uint_handle(udp_dissector_table, port);

    conversation_set_dissector(conv, msg_handle);
}


/* dissect a connection_descriptor for the lsc resource
   returns its length or -1 for error */
static int
dissect_conn_desc(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *conn_desc_tree = NULL;
    uint32_t    tag;
    int         offset_start, offset_body;
    int         len_field;
    uint8_t     conn_desc_type;
    uint8_t     ip_ver, ip_proto;
    uint16_t    port;
    proto_item *port_item      = NULL;
    int         hostname_len;

    offset_start = offset;

    tag = tvb_get_ntoh24(tvb, offset);
    if (tag!= T_CONNECTION_DESCRIPTOR)
        return 0;

    conn_desc_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb,
            offset_start, -1, ett_dvbci_lsc_conn_desc, &ti, "Connection descriptor");

    proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_apdu_tag,
            tvb, offset, APDU_TAG_SIZE, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += APDU_TAG_SIZE;
    offset = dissect_ber_length(pinfo, conn_desc_tree,
                    tvb, offset, &len_field, NULL);
    offset_body = offset;

    conn_desc_type = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_conn_desc_type,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    if (conn_desc_type == CONN_DESC_IP) {
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_media_tag,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_media_len,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        ip_ver = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_ip_ver,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;

        if (ip_ver == LSC_IPV4) {
            offset += FT_IPv6_LEN-FT_IPv4_LEN;
            proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_ipv4_addr,
                    tvb, offset, FT_IPv4_LEN, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += FT_IPv4_LEN;
        }
        else if (ip_ver == LSC_IPV6) {
            proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_ipv6_addr,
                    tvb, offset, FT_IPv6_LEN, ENC_NA);
            offset += FT_IPv6_LEN;
        }
        else
            offset += FT_IPv6_LEN;

        port = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
        port_item = proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree,
                hf_dvbci_lsc_dst_port, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset +=2;
        ip_proto = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_proto,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset ++;
        if (port_item) {
            if (ip_proto==LSC_TCP && tcp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port)) {
                proto_item_append_text(port_item, " (%s)",
                        tcp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port));
            }
            else if (ip_proto==LSC_UDP && udp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port)) {
                proto_item_append_text(port_item, " (%s)",
                        udp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port));
            }
        }
        store_lsc_msg_dissector(conv, ip_proto, port);

    } else if (conn_desc_type == CONN_DESC_HOSTNAME) {
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_media_tag,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_media_len,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        ip_proto = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_proto,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset ++;
        port = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
        port_item = proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree,
                hf_dvbci_lsc_dst_port, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset +=2;
        if (port_item) {
            if (ip_proto==LSC_TCP && tcp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port)) {
                proto_item_append_text(port_item, " (%s)",
                        tcp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port));
            }
            else if (ip_proto==LSC_UDP && udp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port)) {
                proto_item_append_text(port_item, " (%s)",
                        udp_port_to_display(pinfo->pool, port));
            }
        }
        store_lsc_msg_dissector(conv, ip_proto, port);

        /* everything from here to the descriptor's end is a hostname */
        hostname_len = (offset_body+len_field)-offset;
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_hostname,
                tvb, offset, hostname_len, ENC_ASCII);
        offset += hostname_len;
    } else {
        proto_tree_add_item(conn_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_media_data,
                tvb, offset, len_field-1, ENC_NA);
        offset += len_field-1;
    }

    proto_item_set_len(ti, offset-offset_start);
    return offset-offset_start;
}


/* check if the given CC resource item may appear in the clear
   as part of an exported PDU */
static inline bool
is_cc_item_exportable(uint8_t dat_id)
{
    /* the CCK precursor value does not contain sensitive information as such
       nevertheless, it is safer to prevent people from exporting this value
       accidentially */
    if (dat_id == CC_ID_KP)
        return false;
    /* we could add some more items here which do not appear in SAC messages
       normally: CC_ID_DHPH, CC_ID_DHPM */

    return true;
}


/* dissect the URI, return the number of bytes processed or -1 for error */
static int
dissect_uri(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int         offset_start;
    uint8_t     uri_ver, emi, rl;
    proto_item *rl_item;

    offset_start = offset;

    col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "URI");

    uri_ver = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_uri_ver,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_uri_aps,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    emi = (tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x30) >> 4;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_uri_emi,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
            val_to_str_const(emi, dvbci_cc_uri_emi, "unknown"));
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_uri_ict,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (emi==CC_EMI_FREE) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_uri_rct,
                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }
    if (uri_ver>=2 && emi==CC_EMI_NEVER) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_uri_dot,
                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }
    offset++;

    if (emi==CC_EMI_NEVER) {
        if (uri_ver==1)
            rl = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x3F;
        else
            rl = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);

        rl_item = proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_dvbci_uri_rl,
                tvb, offset, 1, rl);

        if (rl==0x00)
            proto_item_append_text(rl_item, " (90 minutes)");
        else if (rl==0x01)
            proto_item_append_text(rl_item, " (6 hours)");
        else if (rl==0x02)
            proto_item_append_text(rl_item, " (12 hours)");
        else if (uri_ver>=2 && rl==0xFF)
            proto_item_append_text(rl_item, " (unlimited)");
        else {
            /* no need for a range check, rl 0x3F mask was applied above */
            proto_item_append_text(rl_item, " (%d days)", rl-2);
        }
    }

    return offset-offset_start;
}


/* dissect an item from cc_(sac_)data_req/cc_(sac_)data_cnf,
   returns its length or -1 for error
   if dat_id_ptr is not NULL, fill in the datatype id */
static int
dissect_cc_item(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, uint8_t *dat_id_ptr)
{
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *cc_item_tree = NULL;
    int         offset_start;
    uint16_t    dat_len;
    uint8_t     dat_id;
    asn1_ctx_t  asn1_ctx;
    int         hf_cert_index;
    uint16_t    prog_num;
    uint8_t     status;


    offset_start = offset;
    dat_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    if (dat_id_ptr)
        *dat_id_ptr = dat_id;

    cc_item_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset_start, -1, ett_dvbci_cc_item, &ti,
        "CC data item: %s", val_to_str_const(dat_id, dvbci_cc_dat_id, "unknown"));

    proto_tree_add_item(cc_item_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_dat_id,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    dat_len = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(cc_item_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_dat_len,
            tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;
    switch (dat_id) {
        case CC_ID_HOST_BRAND_CERT:
        case CC_ID_CICAM_BRAND_CERT:
        case CC_ID_HOST_DEV_CERT:
        case CC_ID_CICAM_DEV_CERT:
            asn1_ctx_init(&asn1_ctx, ASN1_ENC_BER, true, pinfo);
            hf_cert_index = (dat_id==CC_ID_HOST_BRAND_CERT ||
                             dat_id==CC_ID_CICAM_BRAND_CERT) ?
                hf_dvbci_brand_cert : hf_dvbci_dev_cert;

            /* enable dissection of CI+ specific X.509 extensions
               only for our certificates */
            x509ce_enable_ciplus();
            dissect_x509af_Certificate(false, tvb, offset,
                    &asn1_ctx, cc_item_tree, hf_cert_index);
            x509ce_disable_ciplus();
            break;
        case CC_ID_URI:
            dissect_uri(tvb, offset, pinfo, cc_item_tree);
            break;
        case CC_ID_PROG_NUM:
            prog_num = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                    "Program number 0x%x", prog_num);
            proto_tree_add_item(cc_item_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_prog_num,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case CC_ID_KEY_REGISTER:
            proto_tree_add_item(cc_item_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_key_register,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD:
        case CC_ID_REC_START_STATUS:
        case CC_ID_MODE_CHG_STATUS:
        case CC_ID_REC_STOP_STATUS:
            status = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "Status: %s",
                    val_to_str_const(status, dvbci_cc_status, "unknown"));
            proto_tree_add_item(cc_item_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_status_field,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case CC_ID_OPERATING_MODE:
            proto_tree_add_item(cc_item_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_op_mode,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        default:
            proto_tree_add_item(cc_item_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_data,
                    tvb, offset, dat_len, ENC_NA);
            break;
    }
    offset += dat_len;

    proto_item_set_len(ti, offset-offset_start);
    return offset-offset_start;
}


/* add the CC protocol name and step to the info column */
static void
add_cc_protocol_name_step(packet_info *pinfo,
    uint64_t snd_dat_ids, uint64_t req_dat_ids)
{
    bool chk_snd_ids = false;

    switch (req_dat_ids) {
        case CC_ID_DHPH<<24|CC_ID_SIG_A<<16|CC_ID_HOST_DEV_CERT<<8|CC_ID_HOST_BRAND_CERT:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Authentication Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Authentication Step 3)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_AKH:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(AuthKey Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_HOST_ID<<8|CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(CC key calculation Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_HOST_ID<<8|CC_ID_NS_HOST:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(SAC key calculation Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_URI_CNF:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(URI transmission Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_URI_VERSIONS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(URI version negotiation Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_LICENSE_RCV_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(CICAM to Host License Exchange Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_PROG_NUM<<24|CC_ID_LICENSE_STATUS<<16|CC_ID_URI<<8|CC_ID_CICAM_LICENSE:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Playback License Exchange Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_LICENSE_STATUS<<8|CC_ID_PLAY_COUNT:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(License Check Exchange Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_REC_START_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Record Start Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_MODE_CHG_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Change Operating Mode Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_REC_STOP_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Record Stop Step 1)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD<<8|CC_ID_SRM_CONFIRM:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(SRM Transmission Step 1)");
            break;
        default:
            /* unable to determine the protocol from the requested ids
               check the sent ids as well */
            chk_snd_ids = true;
            break;
    }
    if (!chk_snd_ids)
        return;

    switch (snd_dat_ids) {
        case CC_ID_DHPH<<24|CC_ID_SIG_A<<16|CC_ID_HOST_DEV_CERT<<8|CC_ID_HOST_BRAND_CERT:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Authentication Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Authentication Step 4)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_AKH:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(AuthKey Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_HOST_ID<<8|CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(CC key calculation Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_HOST_ID<<8|CC_ID_NS_HOST:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(SAC key calculation Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_URI_CNF:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(URI transmission Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_URI_VERSIONS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(URI version negotiation Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_LICENSE_RCV_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(CICAM to Host License Exchange Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_PROG_NUM<<24|CC_ID_LICENSE_STATUS<<16|CC_ID_URI<<8|CC_ID_CICAM_LICENSE:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Playback License Exchange Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_LICENSE_STATUS<<8|CC_ID_PLAY_COUNT:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(License Check Exchange Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_REC_START_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Record Start Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_MODE_CHG_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Change Operating Mode Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_REC_STOP_STATUS:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(Record Stop Step 2)");
            break;
        case CC_ID_STATUS_FIELD<<8|CC_ID_SRM_CONFIRM:
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                    "(SRM Transmission Step 2)");
            break;
    }
}


/* dissect the payload of a cc message that contains data items
   if not NULL, set exportable_flag to true if the message contains no
    sensitive data and can be passed to the export PDU mechanism */
static int
dissect_cc_data_payload(uint32_t tag, tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, bool *exportable_flag)
{
    int         offset_start;
    uint8_t     i, snd_dat_nbr, req_dat_nbr;
    uint8_t     dat_id;
    int         item_len;
    /* the last 8 sent/requested datatype ids */
    uint64_t    snd_dat_ids=0, req_dat_ids=0;

    /* we only export cc_sac_data_req and cc_sac_data_cnf
       the only meta info in the exported PDU is the data transfer
        direction, if we only ever export  cc_sac_data_req and
        cc_sac_data_cnf, this info is enough to recover the apdu tag from the
        direction
       cc_sac_sync req and cc_sac_sync_cnf contain no interesting data */
    if (exportable_flag)
        *exportable_flag = (tag==T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ || tag==T_CC_SAC_DATA_CNF);

    offset_start = offset;

    proto_tree_add_item(
            tree, hf_dvbci_cc_sys_id_bitmask, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    snd_dat_nbr = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(
            tree, hf_dvbci_cc_snd_dat_nbr, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    for(i=0; i<snd_dat_nbr &&
            tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset)>0; i++) {
        item_len = dissect_cc_item(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree, &dat_id);
        if (item_len < 0)
            return -1;
        offset += item_len;
        /* for more than 8 sent datatype ids, some ids might get lost by
         * the shift, that's ok, we're only using the last 8 ids for
         * protocol detection */
        snd_dat_ids = snd_dat_ids<<8|dat_id;
        if (!exportable_flag || *exportable_flag==false)
            continue;
        if (!is_cc_item_exportable(dat_id))
            *exportable_flag = false;
    }

    if (tag==T_CC_DATA_REQ || tag==T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ) {
        req_dat_nbr = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_cc_req_dat_nbr, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        for(i=0; i<req_dat_nbr &&
                tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset)>0; i++) {
            dat_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            req_dat_ids = req_dat_ids<<8|dat_id;
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_cc_dat_id, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
        }
    }

    add_cc_protocol_name_step(pinfo, snd_dat_ids, req_dat_ids);

    return offset-offset_start;
}


/* convert a 0-terminated preference key_string that contains a hex number
 *  into its binary representation
 * e.g. key_string "abcd" will be converted into two bytes 0xab, 0xcd
 * return the number of binary bytes or -1 for error */
static int
pref_key_string_to_bin(const char *key_string, unsigned char **key_bin)
{
    int  key_string_len;
    int  i, j;
    char input[3];

    if (!key_string || !key_bin)
        return -1;
    key_string_len = (int)strlen(key_string);
    if (key_string_len != 2*AES_KEY_LEN)
        return -1;
    *key_bin = (unsigned char*)g_malloc(key_string_len/2);
    input[2] = '\0';

    j=0;
    for (i=0; i<key_string_len-1; i+=2) {
        input[0] = key_string[0+i];
        input[1] = key_string[1+i];
        /* attention, brackets are required */
        (*key_bin)[j++] = (unsigned char)strtoul((const char*)&input, NULL, 16);
    }

    return key_string_len/2;
}


static tvbuff_t *
decrypt_sac_msg_body(packet_info *pinfo,
        uint8_t enc_cip, tvbuff_t *encrypted_tvb, int offset, int len)
{
    bool             opened = false;
    gcry_cipher_hd_t cipher;
    gcry_error_t     err;
    int              clear_len;
    unsigned char    *clear_data = NULL;
    tvbuff_t         *clear_tvb = NULL;

    if (enc_cip != CC_SAC_ENC_AES128_CBC)
        goto end;
    if (len%AES_BLOCK_LEN != 0)
        goto end;

    if (!dvbci_sek_bin || !dvbci_siv_bin)
        goto end;

    err = gcry_cipher_open(&cipher, GCRY_CIPHER_AES, GCRY_CIPHER_MODE_CBC, 0);
    if (gcry_err_code (err))
        goto end;
    opened = true;
    err = gcry_cipher_setkey (cipher, dvbci_sek_bin, AES_KEY_LEN);
    if (gcry_err_code (err))
        goto end;
    err = gcry_cipher_setiv (cipher, dvbci_siv_bin, AES_BLOCK_LEN);
    if (gcry_err_code (err))
        goto end;

    clear_len = len;
    clear_data = (unsigned char *)wmem_alloc(pinfo->pool, clear_len);

    err = gcry_cipher_decrypt (cipher, clear_data, clear_len,
            tvb_memdup(pinfo->pool, encrypted_tvb, offset, len), len);
    if (gcry_err_code (err))
        goto end;

    clear_tvb = tvb_new_child_real_data(encrypted_tvb,
                        (const uint8_t *)clear_data, clear_len, clear_len);

end:
    if (opened)
        gcry_cipher_close (cipher);
    return clear_tvb;
}


/* dissect a text string that is encoded according to DVB-SI (EN 300 468) */
static void
dissect_si_string(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, int str_len,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, int hf, const char *title,
        bool show_col_info)
{
    unsigned        enc_len;
    dvb_encoding_e  encoding;
    uint8_t        *si_str = NULL;

    if (!title)  /* we always have a title for our strings */
        return;
    /* str_len==-1 is not supported, we need an actual length */
    if (str_len<=0)
        return;

    enc_len = dvb_analyze_string_charset(tvb, offset, str_len, &encoding);
    dvb_add_chartbl(tree, hf_dvbci_mmi_char_tbl, tvb, offset, enc_len, encoding);

    offset += enc_len;
    str_len -= enc_len;

    si_str = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool,
            tvb, offset, str_len, dvb_enc_to_item_enc(encoding));
    if (!si_str)
        return;

    proto_tree_add_string_format(tree, hf,
            tvb, offset, str_len, si_str, "%s: %s", title, si_str);

    if (show_col_info)
        col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ", si_str);
}


/* dissect ca_enable_flag and ca_enable fields in the ca_pmt_reply
 * return true if descrambling is possible, false otherwise */
static bool
dissect_ca_enable(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, packet_info *pinfo _U_,
        proto_tree *tree)
{
    bool desc_ok = false;
    uint8_t  byte, ca_enab;

    byte = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ca_enable_flag, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (byte&0x80) {
        ca_enab = byte & ~0x80;
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ca_enable, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        if (ca_enab==CA_ENAB_DESC_OK ||
            ca_enab==CA_ENAB_DESC_OK_PURCHASE ||
            ca_enab==CA_ENAB_DESC_OK_TECH) {
            desc_ok = true;
        }
    }

    return desc_ok;
}


/* dissect a ca descriptor in the ca_pmt */
static int
dissect_ca_desc(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, packet_info *pinfo,
        proto_tree *tree)
{
    int         offset_start;
    uint8_t     tag, len_byte;
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *ca_desc_tree = NULL;

    offset_start = offset;

    tag = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
    if (tag != CA_DESC_TAG) {
        /* we could skip unknown descriptors and make this a warning */
        proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id, tvb, offset, 1);
        return 0;
    }

    ca_desc_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(
            tree, tvb, offset_start, -1, ett_dvbci_ca_desc, &ti, "Conditional Access descriptor");
    offset++;

    len_byte = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(
            ca_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_descr_len, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    proto_tree_add_item(
            ca_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_ca_sys_id, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;

    proto_tree_add_item(
            ca_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_ca_pid, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;

    if ((len_byte-4) != 0) {
        proto_tree_add_item(ca_desc_tree, hf_dvbci_ca_priv_data,
                tvb, offset, len_byte-4, ENC_NA);
        offset += (len_byte-4);
    }

    proto_item_set_len(ti, offset-offset_start);
    return offset-offset_start;
}


/* dissect an elementary stream entry in the ca_pmt */
static int
dissect_es(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, bool *scrambled)
{
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *es_tree = NULL;
    int         offset_start, ca_desc_len;
    int         es_info_len, all_len;

    offset_start = offset;

    if (scrambled) {
        /* default to free service until we found a ca descriptor
           (we could have es info len > 0 and no ca descriptors) */
        *scrambled = false;
    }

    es_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset_start, -1, ett_dvbci_application, &ti, "Elementary Stream");

    proto_tree_add_item(
            es_tree, hf_dvbci_stream_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    proto_tree_add_item(
            es_tree, hf_dvbci_es_pid, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;
    es_info_len = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset) & 0x0FFF;
    /* the definition of hf_dvbci_es_info_len also applies the mask */
    proto_tree_add_item(
            es_tree, hf_dvbci_es_info_len, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;
    if (es_info_len>0) {
        all_len = offset + es_info_len;

        proto_tree_add_item(
                es_tree, hf_dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        while (offset < all_len) {
            ca_desc_len = dissect_ca_desc(tvb, offset, pinfo, es_tree);
            if (ca_desc_len <= 0)
                return -1;
            offset += ca_desc_len;
            if (scrambled)
                *scrambled = true;
        }
    }
    else {
        proto_tree_add_expert(
                es_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_no_ca_desc_es, tvb, 0, 0);
    }

    proto_item_set_len(ti, offset-offset_start);
    return offset-offset_start;
}

/* dissect a text pseudo-apdu */
static int
dissect_dvbci_text(const char *title, tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
                   packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, int hf)
{
    proto_item *ti;
    proto_tree *text_tree;
    uint32_t    tag;
    int         offset_start;
    int         len_field;

    offset_start = offset;

    if (!title)
        return 0;

    /* check the tag before setting up the tree */
    tag = tvb_get_ntoh24(tvb, offset);
    if (tag!=T_TEXT_LAST && tag!=T_TEXT_MORE)
        return 0;

    text_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset_start, -1, ett_dvbci_text, &ti, title);

    proto_tree_add_item(text_tree, hf_dvbci_apdu_tag,
            tvb, offset, APDU_TAG_SIZE, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += APDU_TAG_SIZE;
    offset = dissect_ber_length(pinfo, text_tree, tvb, offset, &len_field, NULL);
    dissect_si_string(tvb, offset, len_field, pinfo, text_tree,
            hf, "Text", false);
    offset += len_field;

    proto_item_set_len(ti, offset-offset_start);
    return (offset-offset_start);
}


static proto_item *
dissect_res_id(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, packet_info *pinfo,
        proto_tree *tree, uint32_t res_id, bool show_col_info)
{
    /* there's two possible inputs for this function
        the resource id is either in a tvbuff_t (tvb!=NULL, res_id==0)
        or in a uint32_t (tvb==NULL, res_id!=0) */

    if (tvb) {
        /* resource id comes in via tvbuff */
        if (res_id!=0)
            return NULL;
        res_id = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset);
    }
    else {
        /* resource id comes in via uint32_t */
        if (res_id==0)
            return NULL;
        /* we'll call proto_tree_add_...( tvb==NULL, offset==0, length==0 )
           this creates a filterable item without any reference to a tvb */
        offset = 0;
    }

    if (show_col_info) {
        col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "%s Version %d",
                val_to_str_const(RES_CLASS(res_id), dvbci_res_class,
                    "Invalid Resource class"),
                RES_VER(res_id));
    }

    return proto_tree_add_bitmask_value_with_flags(tree, tvb, offset,
            hf_dvbci_res_id, ett_dvbci_res, dvb_ci_res_id_fields, res_id,
            BMT_NO_APPEND);
}

/* dissect the body of a resource manager apdu */
static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_rm(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    const char *tag_str;

    if (tag==T_PROFILE) {
        if (len_field % RES_ID_LEN) {
            tag_str = val_to_str(tag, dvbci_apdu_tag, "Unknown: %d");
            proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                   "Invalid APDU length field, %s must be a multiple of 4 bytes",
                   tag_str);
            return;
        }

        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            dissect_res_id(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree, 0, false);
            offset += RES_ID_LEN;
        }
    }
}

static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_ap(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint8_t         menu_str_len;
    unsigned        enc_len;
    dvb_encoding_e  encoding;
    const uint8_t  *menu_string;
    uint8_t         data_rate;

    if (tag==T_APP_INFO) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_app_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_app_manf, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset+=2;
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_manf_code, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset+=2;
        menu_str_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_menu_str_len, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        if (menu_str_len > 0) {
            enc_len = dvb_analyze_string_charset(
                    tvb, offset, menu_str_len, &encoding);
            dvb_add_chartbl(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_ap_char_tbl, tvb, offset, enc_len, encoding);
            offset += enc_len;
            menu_str_len -= enc_len;
            proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tree, hf_dvbci_menu_str,
                    tvb, offset, menu_str_len, dvb_enc_to_item_enc(encoding),
                    pinfo->pool, &menu_string);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                    "Module name %s", menu_string);
        }
    }
    else if (tag== T_DATARATE_INFO) {
        data_rate = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    val_to_str(data_rate, dvbci_data_rate, "unknown (0x%x)"));
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_data_rate, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }
}

static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_ca(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    const char *tag_str;
    uint16_t     prog_num;
    unsigned     prog_info_len;
    int          es_info_len, all_len;
    int          ca_desc_len;
    bool         scrambled = false;
    bool         es_scrambled = false;
    proto_tree  *es_tree = NULL;
    bool         desc_ok = false;


    if (tag==T_CA_INFO) {
        if (len_field % 2) {
            tag_str = val_to_str(tag, dvbci_apdu_tag, "Unknown: %d");
            proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                    "Invalid APDU length field, %s must be a multiple of 2 bytes",
                    tag_str);
            return;
        }

        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_ca_sys_id, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
        }
    }
    else if (tag==T_CA_PMT) {
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_ca_pmt_list_mgmt, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        prog_num = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
        col_append_sep_fstr(
                pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "Program number %x", prog_num);
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_prog_num, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset += 2;
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_ca_ver, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_curr_next, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        prog_info_len = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset) & 0x0FFF;
        /* the definition of hf_dvbci_prog_info_len also applies the mask */
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_prog_info_len, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset += 2;
        if (prog_info_len != 0) {
            all_len = offset + prog_info_len;

            proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            while (offset < all_len) {
                ca_desc_len = dissect_ca_desc(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
                if (ca_desc_len <= 0)
                    return;
                offset += ca_desc_len;
                /* set this only if we've seen at least one valid ca descriptor */
                scrambled = true;
            }
        }
        else {
            proto_tree_add_expert(
                    tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_no_ca_desc_prog, tvb, 0, 0);
        }

        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            es_info_len = dissect_es(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree, &es_scrambled);
            if (es_info_len <= 0)
                return;
            offset += es_info_len;
            if (es_scrambled)
                scrambled = true;
        }

        col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                scrambled ? "scrambled service" : "free service");
    }
    else if (tag==T_CA_PMT_REPLY) {
        prog_num = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
        col_append_sep_fstr(
                pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "Program number %x", prog_num);
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_prog_num, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset += 2;
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_ca_ver, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        proto_tree_add_item(
                tree, hf_dvbci_curr_next, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        desc_ok |= dissect_ca_enable(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
        offset++;
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            /* there's no need to check for tree==NULL */
            es_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, 3, ett_dvbci_application, NULL, "Elementary Stream");

            proto_tree_add_item(es_tree, hf_dvbci_es_pid,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
            desc_ok |= dissect_ca_enable(tvb, offset, pinfo, es_tree);
            offset++;
        }
        if (desc_ok) {
            col_append_sep_str(
                pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "descrambling possible");
        }
     }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_aut(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int bytes_len;

    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_auth_proto_id,
            tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;

    bytes_len = tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset);
    if (bytes_len <= 0)
        return;

    if (tag==T_AUTH_REQ) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_auth_req_bytes,
            tvb, offset, bytes_len, ENC_NA);
    }
    else if (tag==T_AUTH_RESP) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_auth_resp_bytes,
            tvb, offset, bytes_len, ENC_NA);
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_hc(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    proto_item *pi;
    uint16_t    nid, onid, tsid, svcid;
    uint8_t     ref;
    uint16_t    old_pid, new_pid;
    bool        pmt_flag;
    int         desc_loop_len;
    tvbuff_t   *pmt_tvb = NULL;
    uint8_t     status;


    switch (tag) {
        case T_TUNE:
            nid = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            pi = proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_network_id, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            if (nid) {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_network_id);
            }
            offset += 2;
            onid = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_original_network_id,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
            tsid = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_transport_stream_id,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
            svcid = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_service_id, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    "nid 0x%x, onid 0x%x, tsid 0x%x, svcid 0x%x",
                    nid, onid, tsid, svcid);
            break;
        case T_REPLACE:
            ref = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_replacement_ref,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            old_pid = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset) & 0x1FFF;
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_replaced_pid,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
            new_pid = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset) & 0x1FFF;
            proto_tree_add_item( tree, hf_dvbci_replacement_pid,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    "ref 0x%x, 0x%x -> 0x%x", ref, old_pid, new_pid);
            break;
        case T_CLEAR_REPLACE:
            ref = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_replacement_ref,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", "ref 0x%x", ref);
            break;
        case T_TUNE_BROADCAST_REQ:
            pmt_flag = ((tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x01) == 0x01);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_pmt_flag,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_service_id, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
            desc_loop_len = dissect_desc_loop(hf_dvbci_hc_desc_loop_len,
                                tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            if (desc_loop_len<0)
                break;
            offset += desc_loop_len;
            if (pmt_flag) {
                pmt_tvb = tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, offset);
                if (mpeg_pmt_handle) {
                    col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ", ");
                    /* prevent mpeg_pmt dissector from clearing col_info */
                    col_set_fence(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);
                    call_dissector(mpeg_pmt_handle, pmt_tvb, pinfo, tree);
                }
                else
                    call_dissector(data_handle, pmt_tvb, pinfo, tree);
            }
            break;
        case T_TUNE_REPLY:
            status = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_hc_status,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                        (status == HC_STAT_OK ?  "ok" : "error"));
            break;
        case T_ASK_RELEASE_REPLY:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_hc_release_reply,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_dt(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    nstime_t     resp_intv;
    proto_item  *pi = NULL;
    const char *tag_str;
    int          time_field_len;
    nstime_t     utc_time;
    int16_t      local_offset;  /* field in the apdu */


    if (tag==T_DATE_TIME_ENQ) {
        nstime_set_zero(&resp_intv);
        resp_intv.secs = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        pi = proto_tree_add_time(tree, hf_dvbci_resp_intv,
                tvb, offset, 1, &resp_intv);
        if (resp_intv.secs==0) {
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "individual query");
            proto_item_append_text(pi, " (individual query)");
        }
        else {
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                    "update every %s", rel_time_to_str(pinfo->pool, &resp_intv));
        }
    }
    else if (tag==T_DATE_TIME) {
        if (len_field!=5 && len_field!=7) {
            tag_str = val_to_str_const(tag, dvbci_apdu_tag, "unknown");
            proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, APDU_TAG_SIZE, offset-APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                    "Invalid APDU length field, %s must be 5 or 7 bytes", tag_str);
            return;
        }

        time_field_len = packet_mpeg_sect_mjd_to_utc_time(tvb, offset, &utc_time);
        if (time_field_len<0) {
            proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, offset, 5,
                "Invalid UTC time field, 2 bytes MJD, 3 bytes BCD time hhmmss");
            return;
        }
        proto_tree_add_time(tree, hf_dvbci_utc_time,
                tvb, offset, time_field_len, &utc_time);
        col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", "%s UTC",
                abs_time_to_str(pinfo->pool, &utc_time, ABSOLUTE_TIME_UTC, false));
        offset += time_field_len;

        if (len_field==7) {
            local_offset = two_comp_to_int16(tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset));
            proto_tree_add_int_format(tree, hf_dvbci_local_offset,
                    tvb, offset, 2, local_offset,
                    "offset between UTC and local time is %d minutes",
                    local_offset);
        }
        else {
            proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_time_offs_unknown,
                    tvb, 0, 0);
        }
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_mmi(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int             offset_start;
    proto_item     *pi;
    uint8_t         close_mmi_cmd_id;
    uint8_t         disp_ctl_cmd, disp_rep_id;
    const char     *disp_ctl_cmd_str = NULL, *disp_rep_id_str = NULL;
    int             msg_len;
    unsigned        enc_len;
    dvb_encoding_e  encoding;
    uint8_t         ans_txt_len;
    uint8_t         ans_id;
    uint8_t         choice_or_item_nb;
    int             text_len;
    uint8_t         choice_ref;


    offset_start = offset;

    switch(tag) {
        case T_CLOSE_MMI:
            close_mmi_cmd_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_close_mmi_cmd_id,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            /* apdu layer len field checks are sufficient for "immediate" */
            if (close_mmi_cmd_id == CLOSE_MMI_CMD_ID_DELAY) {
                if (len_field != 2) {
                    proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb,
                            APDU_TAG_SIZE, offset_start-APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                            "Length field must be 2");
                    return;
                }
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_close_mmi_delay, tvb,
                        offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            }
            break;
        case T_DISPLAY_CONTROL:
            disp_ctl_cmd = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            disp_ctl_cmd_str = val_to_str_const(disp_ctl_cmd,
                                                dvbci_disp_ctl_cmd, "unknown command");
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    disp_ctl_cmd_str);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_disp_ctl_cmd, tvb,
                    offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            if (disp_ctl_cmd == DISP_CMD_SET_MMI_MODE)
            {
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_mmi_mode, tvb,
                        offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                if (len_field != 2) {
                    proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb,
                            APDU_TAG_SIZE, offset_start-APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                            "Length field must be 2");
                    return;
                }
            }
            break;
        case T_DISPLAY_REPLY:
            disp_rep_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            disp_rep_id_str = val_to_str_const(disp_rep_id,
                    dvbci_disp_rep_id, "unknown command");
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    disp_rep_id_str);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_disp_rep_id,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            if (disp_rep_id == DISP_REP_ID_MMI_MODE_ACK) {
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_mmi_mode,
                        tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            }
            else if (disp_rep_id == DISP_REP_ID_DISP_CHAR_TBL ||
                     disp_rep_id == DISP_REP_ID_INP_CHAR_TBL) {
                while ((msg_len=tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset)) > 0) {
                    enc_len = dvb_analyze_string_charset(
                            tvb, offset, msg_len, &encoding);
                    if (enc_len==0) {
                        proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo,
                            &ei_dvbci_invalid_char_tbl, tvb, offset, msg_len);
                        break;
                    }
                    dvb_add_chartbl(tree, hf_dvbci_mmi_char_tbl,
                            tvb, offset, enc_len, encoding);
                    offset += enc_len;
                 }
            }
            break;
        case T_ENQ:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_blind_ans,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            ans_txt_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ans_txt_len,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            if (ans_txt_len == NB_UNKNOWN) {
                proto_item_append_text(pi,
                        " (Length of expected answer is unknown)");
            }
            offset++;
            dissect_si_string(tvb, offset,
                    tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
                    pinfo, tree, hf_dvbci_enq, "Enquiry string", false);
            break;
        case T_ANSW:
            ans_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ans_id, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            if (ans_id == ANSW_ID_ANSWER) {
                dissect_si_string(tvb, offset,
                    tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
                    pinfo, tree, hf_dvbci_ans, "Answer", true);
            }
            break;
        case T_MENU_LAST:
        case T_MENU_MORE:
        case T_LIST_LAST:
        case T_LIST_MORE:
            choice_or_item_nb = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            if (IS_MENU_APDU(tag)) {
                pi = proto_tree_add_item(
                        tree, hf_dvbci_choice_nb, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                if (choice_or_item_nb == NB_UNKNOWN) {
                    proto_item_append_text(pi,
                            " (Number of choices is unknown)");
                }
            }
            else {
                pi = proto_tree_add_item(
                        tree, hf_dvbci_item_nb, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                if (choice_or_item_nb == NB_UNKNOWN) {
                    proto_item_append_text(pi,
                            "(Number of items is unknown)");
                }
            }
            offset++;
            text_len = dissect_dvbci_text("Title", tvb, offset,
                    pinfo, tree, hf_dvbci_title);
            offset += text_len;
            text_len = dissect_dvbci_text("Sub-title", tvb, offset,
                    pinfo, tree, hf_dvbci_subtitle);
            offset += text_len;
            text_len = dissect_dvbci_text("Bottom line", tvb, offset,
                    pinfo, tree, hf_dvbci_bottom);
            offset += text_len;
            while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
                text_len = dissect_dvbci_text("Item", tvb, offset, pinfo, tree, hf_dvbci_item);
                /* minimum is apdu tag + 1 byte len field */
                if (text_len<APDU_TAG_SIZE+1) {
                    proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_not_text_more_or_text_last, tvb, offset, -1);
                    return;
                }
                offset += text_len;
            }
            break;
        case T_MENU_ANSW:
            choice_ref = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            pi = proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_choice_ref, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            if (choice_ref == 0x0) {
                proto_item_append_text(pi, " (Selection was cancelled)");
                col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                        "cancelled");
            }
            else {
                col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                        "Item %d", choice_ref);
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_hlc(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
  uint8_t *str;

  if (tag==T_HOST_COUNTRY) {
      proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_host_country,
              tvb, offset, tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
              ENC_ISO_8859_1|ENC_NA);
  }
  else if (tag==T_HOST_LANGUAGE) {
      proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_host_language,
              tvb, offset, tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
              ENC_ISO_8859_1|ENC_NA);
  }

  /* both apdus' body is only a country code, this can be shared */
  str = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool, tvb, offset,
              tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
              ENC_ISO_8859_1|ENC_NA);
  if (str)
      col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", str);
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_cup(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
  uint8_t     upgrade_type;
  uint16_t    download_time;
  uint8_t     answer, progress;

  switch(tag) {
    case T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE:
      upgrade_type = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
      proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cup_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
      col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ", "(%s)",
                    val_to_str_const(upgrade_type, dvbci_cup_type, "unknown"));
      offset++;
      download_time = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
      if (download_time == 0) {
          proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_cup_download_time,
                  tvb, offset, 2, download_time,
                  "estimated download time is unknown");
      }
      else {
          proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_cup_download_time,
                  tvb, offset, 2, download_time,
                  "estimated download time is %d seconds",
                  download_time);
      }
      break;
    case T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_REPLY:
      answer = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
      proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cup_answer, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
      col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    val_to_str_const(answer, dvbci_cup_answer, "unknown"));
      break;
    case T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_PROGRESS:
      progress = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
      if (progress > 100) {
        proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_cup_progress, tvb, offset, 1);
      }
      else {
          col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", "%d%%", progress);
          proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_cup_progress,
                  tvb, offset, 1, progress,
                  "download progress %d%%", progress);
      }
      break;
    case T_CAM_FIRMWARE_UPGRADE_COMPLETE:
      proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cup_reset, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
}

static int exp_pdu_data_dvbci_size(packet_info *pinfo _U_, void* data _U_)
{
  return EXP_PDU_TAG_DVBCI_EVT_LEN + 4;
}

static int exp_pdu_data_dvbci_populate_data(packet_info *pinfo, void* data, uint8_t *tlv_buffer, uint32_t buffer_size _U_)
{
  phton16(&tlv_buffer[0], EXP_PDU_TAG_DVBCI_EVT);
  phton16(&tlv_buffer[2], EXP_PDU_TAG_DVBCI_EVT_LEN);
  tlv_buffer[4] = dvbci_get_evt_from_addrs(pinfo);

  return exp_pdu_data_dvbci_size(pinfo, data);
}

static exp_pdu_data_item_t exp_pdu_dvbci = {exp_pdu_data_dvbci_size, exp_pdu_data_dvbci_populate_data, NULL};

static void
dissect_sac_msg(uint32_t tag, tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, bool exported)
{
    int         offset_start;
    uint32_t    msg_ctr;
    uint8_t     enc_flag, enc_cip;
    proto_item *enc_flag_pi;
    uint16_t    sac_payload_len;          /* payload data and padding */
    int         sac_payload_data_len = 0; /* just payload data */
    tvbuff_t   *clear_sac_body_tvb;
    proto_tree *sac_tree             = NULL;
    bool        is_exportable        = false;

    offset_start = offset;

    /* it's not useful to move sac header dissection to a separate
       function, we need enc/auth cipher etc here to handle the body */
    msg_ctr = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_msg_ctr,
            tvb, offset, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
            "message #%d", msg_ctr);
    offset += 4;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_proto_ver,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_auth_cip,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    enc_flag = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x1;
    enc_flag_pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_payload_enc,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (exported && enc_flag) {
        expert_add_info(pinfo, enc_flag_pi, &ei_dvbci_sac_payload_enc);
        enc_flag = 0;
    }
    offset++;
    enc_cip = (tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset)&0xE0) >> 5;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_enc_cip,
            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    sac_payload_len = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_payload_len,
            tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset += 2;
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) < 0)
        return;
    if (enc_flag) {
        clear_sac_body_tvb = decrypt_sac_msg_body(pinfo, enc_cip,
                tvb, offset, tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset));
    }
    else {
        clear_sac_body_tvb = tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, offset);
    }
    if (!clear_sac_body_tvb) {
        /* we could not decrypt (or access) the clear sac message body */
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_enc_body, tvb, offset,
                tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), ENC_NA);
        return;
    }
    if (enc_flag)
        add_new_data_source(pinfo, clear_sac_body_tvb, "Clear SAC message body");
    if (sac_payload_len>0) {
        sac_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, clear_sac_body_tvb, 0, sac_payload_len,
                ett_dvbci_sac_msg_body, NULL, "SAC message payload");
        if (tag==T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ || tag==T_CC_SAC_DATA_CNF) {
            sac_payload_data_len = dissect_cc_data_payload(tag,
                    clear_sac_body_tvb, 0, pinfo, sac_tree, &is_exportable);
        }
        else if (tag==T_CC_SAC_SYNC_REQ) {
            sac_payload_data_len = 0;
        }
        else if (tag==T_CC_SAC_SYNC_CNF) {
            proto_tree_add_item(sac_tree, hf_dvbci_cc_status_field,
                    clear_sac_body_tvb, 0, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            sac_payload_data_len = 1;
        }

        if (sac_payload_data_len < 0)
            return;
        if (sac_payload_len > sac_payload_data_len) {
            proto_tree_add_item(sac_tree, hf_dvbci_sac_padding,
                    clear_sac_body_tvb, sac_payload_data_len,
                    sac_payload_len-sac_payload_data_len, ENC_NA);
        }
    }
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sac_signature,
            clear_sac_body_tvb, sac_payload_len,
            tvb_reported_length_remaining(clear_sac_body_tvb,
                sac_payload_len), ENC_NA);

    /* we call this function also to dissect exported SAC messages,
        don't try to export them a second time */
    if (!exported && is_exportable && have_tap_listener(exported_pdu_tap)) {
        static const exp_pdu_data_item_t *dvbci_exp_pdu_items[] = {
            &exp_pdu_dvbci,
            NULL
        };

        tvbuff_t       *clear_sac_msg_tvb;
        exp_pdu_data_t *exp_pdu_data;

        clear_sac_msg_tvb = tvb_new_composite();
        tvb_composite_append(clear_sac_msg_tvb,
                tvb_clone_offset_len(tvb, offset_start, SAC_MSG_HDR_LEN));
        tvb_composite_append(clear_sac_msg_tvb, clear_sac_body_tvb);
        tvb_composite_finalize(clear_sac_msg_tvb);

        exp_pdu_data = export_pdu_create_tags(pinfo, EXPORTED_SAC_MSG_PROTO, EXP_PDU_TAG_DISSECTOR_NAME, dvbci_exp_pdu_items);

        exp_pdu_data->tvb_captured_length = tvb_captured_length(clear_sac_msg_tvb);
        exp_pdu_data->tvb_reported_length = tvb_reported_length(clear_sac_msg_tvb);
        exp_pdu_data->pdu_tvb = clear_sac_msg_tvb;
        tap_queue_packet(exported_pdu_tap, pinfo, exp_pdu_data);
    }
}


static int
dissect_dvbci_exported_sac_msg(
        tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data _U_)
{
    uint8_t evt;
    uint32_t tag;

    evt = dvbci_get_evt_from_addrs(pinfo);
    if (!IS_DATA_TRANSFER(evt))
        return 0;

    col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, NULL, EXPORTED_SAC_MSG_DESCRIPTION);
    col_clear(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);

    /* we only export cc_sac_data_req and _cnf, therefore, the tag can be
       derived from the direction of the transfer */
    if (evt== DVBCI_EVT_DATA_CAM_TO_HOST)
       tag = T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ;
    else
       tag = T_CC_SAC_DATA_CNF;

    col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
            val_to_str_const(tag, dvbci_apdu_tag, "unknown"));

    dissect_sac_msg(tag, tvb, 0, pinfo, tree, true);
    return tvb_reported_length(tvb);
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_cc(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint8_t     status;
    proto_item *pi;
    nstime_t    utc_time;
    uint8_t     pin_stat;
    uint8_t     evt_cent;

    switch(tag) {
        case T_CC_OPEN_CNF:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cc_sys_id_bitmask,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case T_CC_DATA_REQ:
        case T_CC_DATA_CNF:
            dissect_cc_data_payload(tag, tvb, offset, pinfo, tree, NULL);
            break;
        case T_CC_SYNC_CNF:
            status = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_cc_status_field, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    val_to_str_const(status, dvbci_cc_status, "unknown"));
            break;
        case T_CC_SAC_DATA_REQ:
        case T_CC_SAC_DATA_CNF:
        case T_CC_SAC_SYNC_REQ:
        case T_CC_SAC_SYNC_CNF:
            dissect_sac_msg(tag, tvb, offset, pinfo, tree, false);
            break;
        case T_CC_PIN_CAPABILITIES_REPLY:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_capability_field,
                    tvb, offset, 1 , ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            /* we can't call packet_mpeg_sect_mjd_to_utc_time()
               and check with nstime_is_zero() */
            if (tvb_get_ntoh40(tvb, offset) == 0) {
                proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_cc_pin_nvr_chg,
                        tvb, offset, UTC_TIME_LEN);
            }
            else {
                if (packet_mpeg_sect_mjd_to_utc_time(tvb, offset, &utc_time) < 0) {
                    proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, offset, UTC_TIME_LEN,
                            "Invalid UTC time field, 2 bytes MJD, 3 bytes BCD time hhmmss");
                    break;
                }
                else {
                    proto_tree_add_time(tree, hf_dvbci_pin_chg_time,
                            tvb, offset, UTC_TIME_LEN, &utc_time);
                }
            }
            offset += UTC_TIME_LEN;
            dissect_rating(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            break;
        case T_CC_PIN_REPLY:
            pin_stat = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_pincode_status,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    val_to_str_const(pin_stat, dvbci_pincode_status, "unknown"));
            break;
        case T_CC_PIN_EVENT:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cc_prog_num,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_pincode_status,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            dissect_rating(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            offset++;
            if (packet_mpeg_sect_mjd_to_utc_time(tvb, offset, &utc_time) < 0) {
                proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, offset, UTC_TIME_LEN,
                        "Invalid UTC time field, 2 bytes MJD, 3 bytes BCD time hhmmss");
                break;
            }
            else {
                proto_tree_add_time(tree, hf_dvbci_pin_evt_time,
                        tvb, offset, UTC_TIME_LEN, &utc_time);
            }
            offset += UTC_TIME_LEN;
            evt_cent = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_pin_evt_cent,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            if (evt_cent > 100) {
                expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_pin_evt_cent);
            }
            offset++;
            /* length field was already checked by the caller */
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cc_priv_data, tvb, offset,
                    tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), ENC_NA);
            break;
        case T_CC_PIN_PLAYBACK:
            dissect_rating(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            offset++;
            /* length field was already checked by the caller */
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cc_priv_data, tvb, offset,
                    tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), ENC_NA);
            break;
        case T_CC_PIN_CMD:
        case T_CC_PIN_MMI_REQ:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_pincode, tvb, offset,
                    tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
                    ENC_ASCII);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_ami_file_req(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint8_t req_type;
    const uint8_t *req_str;

    req_type = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_req_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
            val_to_str_const(req_type, dvbci_req_type, "unknown"));
    offset++;
    if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_FILE_HASH) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_file_hash,
                tvb, offset, 16, ENC_NA);
        offset += 16;
    }
    if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0) {
        return;
    }
    if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_FILE || req_type==REQ_TYPE_FILE_HASH) {
        proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tree, hf_dvbci_file_name,
                tvb, offset, tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
                ENC_ASCII, pinfo->pool, &req_str);
        col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ", req_str);
    }
    else if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_DATA) {
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ami_priv_data, tvb, offset,
                tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), ENC_NA);
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_ami_file_ack(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint8_t     req_type;
    bool        req_ok = false, file_ok;
    uint8_t     file_name_len;
    uint8_t    *file_name_str;
    uint32_t    file_data_len;
    proto_tree *req_tree;

    req_type = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset+1);
    if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_FILE_HASH) {
        req_ok = ((tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x02) == 0x02);
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_req_ok,
                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }
    file_ok = ((tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x01) == 0x01);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_file_ok, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_req_type, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
            val_to_str_const(req_type, dvbci_req_type, "unknown"));
    offset++;
    if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_FILE || req_type==REQ_TYPE_FILE_HASH) {
        file_name_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_file_name_len,
                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        file_name_str = tvb_get_string_enc(pinfo->pool,
                tvb, offset, file_name_len, ENC_ASCII);
        if (!file_name_str)
            return;
        col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                file_name_str);
        proto_tree_add_string_format_value(tree, hf_dvbci_file_name,
                tvb, offset, file_name_len, file_name_str,
                "%s", file_name_str);
        offset += file_name_len;
        file_data_len = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_file_data_len,
                tvb, offset, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        offset += 4;
        if (file_data_len > 0) {
            col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, ", ");
            col_set_fence(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL);
            /* The mime_encap dissector may overwrite this part. */
            col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, "Data");
            col_set_fence(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);
            call_dissector(mime_handle,
                    tvb_new_subset_length(tvb, offset, file_data_len),
                    pinfo, tree);
        }
    }
    else if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_DATA) {
        if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) <= 0)
            return;
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ami_priv_data, tvb, offset,
                tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), ENC_NA);
    }
    else if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_REQ) {
        req_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb,
                offset, tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset),
                ett_dvbci_ami_req_types, NULL, "Supported request types");
        while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
            proto_tree_add_item(req_tree, hf_dvbci_req_type,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
        }
    }

    if (req_type==REQ_TYPE_FILE_HASH && req_ok && !file_ok) {
        col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                "cached copy is valid");
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_ami(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint8_t app_dom_id_len, init_obj_len;
    const uint8_t *app_dom_id;
    uint8_t ack_code;

    switch(tag) {
        case T_REQUEST_START:
            /* no filter for length items */
            app_dom_id_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_app_dom_id_len,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            init_obj_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_init_obj_len,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tree, hf_dvbci_app_dom_id,
                    tvb, offset, app_dom_id_len, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA, pinfo->pool, &app_dom_id);
            if (app_dom_id) {
                col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " ",
                        "for %s", app_dom_id);
            }
            offset += app_dom_id_len;
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_init_obj,
                    tvb, offset, init_obj_len, ENC_ASCII);
            break;
        case T_REQUEST_START_ACK:
            ack_code = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    tree, hf_dvbci_ack_code, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    val_to_str_const(ack_code, dvbci_ack_code, "unknown"));
            break;
        case T_FILE_REQUEST:
            dissect_dvbci_ami_file_req(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            break;
        case T_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE:
            dissect_dvbci_ami_file_ack(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            break;
        case T_APP_ABORT_REQUEST:
            if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_abort_req_code, tvb, offset,
                        tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), ENC_NA);
            }
            break;
        case T_APP_ABORT_ACK:
            if (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0) {
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_abort_ack_code, tvb, offset,
                        tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), ENC_NA);
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_lsc(uint32_t tag, int len_field,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int                 offset_start;
    uint8_t             id, timeout, ret_val, phase_id;
    int                 conn_desc_len, param_len;
    uint16_t            buf_size;
    proto_item         *pi          = NULL;
    const char         *ret_val_str = NULL;
    int                 msg_len;
    tvbuff_t           *msg_tvb;
    dissector_handle_t  msg_handle;
    uint32_t            conn_state, i, num_dns_srv;

    offset_start = offset;

    switch(tag) {
        case T_COMMS_CMD:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_comms_cmd_id,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    val_to_str(id, dvbci_comms_cmd_id, "Unknown: %d"));
            offset++;
            switch(id) {
                case COMMS_CMD_ID_CONNECT_ON_CHANNEL:
                    conn_desc_len = dissect_conn_desc(tvb, offset,
                            conv, pinfo, tree);
                    if (conn_desc_len < 0)
                        break;
                    offset += conn_desc_len;
                    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_retry_count,
                            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                    offset++;
                    timeout = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
                    if (timeout==0) {
                        proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_timeout,
                                tvb, offset, 1, timeout, "Infinite timeout");
                    } else {
                        proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_timeout,
                                tvb, offset, 1, timeout,
                                "Timeout is %d seconds", timeout);
                    }
                    break;
                case COMMS_CMD_ID_DISCONNECT_ON_CHANNEL:
                case COMMS_CMD_ID_ENQUIRE_STATUS:
                    /* len_field == 1 -> only id, no further parameters */
                    if (len_field != 1) {
                        proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb,
                            APDU_TAG_SIZE, offset_start-APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                            "Length field must be 1");
                    }
                    break;
                case COMMS_CMD_ID_SET_PARAMS:
                    param_len = tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset);
                    if (param_len == 2)
                        buf_size = (uint16_t)tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
                    else if (param_len == 3)
                        buf_size = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
                    else {
                        /* length field == 1 byte id + param_len */
                        proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb,
                            APDU_TAG_SIZE, offset_start-APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                            "Length field must be 3 or 4");
                        break;
                    }
                    proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_buf_size,
                            tvb, offset, param_len-1, buf_size,
                            "buffer size %d bytes", buf_size);
                    offset += param_len-1;
                    timeout = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
                    proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_timeout,
                            tvb, offset, 1, timeout,
                            "timeout is %d milliseconds", timeout*10);
                    break;
                case COMMS_CMD_ID_GET_NEXT_BUFFER:
                    phase_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
                    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_phase_id,
                            tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                    col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                            "received #%d", phase_id);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case T_COMMS_REPLY:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_comms_rep_id,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                    val_to_str(id, dvbci_comms_rep_id, "Unknown: %d"));
            offset++;
            ret_val = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,offset);
            pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_ret_val,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            switch (id) {
                case COMMS_REP_ID_SEND_ACK:
                    col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                        "sent #%d", ret_val);
                    proto_item_append_text(pi, " (sent #%d)", ret_val);
                    break;
                case COMMS_REP_ID_SET_PARAMS_ACK:
                    ret_val_str = val_to_str_const(ret_val,
                            dvbci_lsc_ret_val_params, "unknown/error");
                    break;
                case COMMS_REP_ID_STATUS_REPLY:
                    ret_val_str = val_to_str_const(ret_val,
                            dvbci_lsc_connect, "unknown/error");
                    break;
                default:
                    ret_val_str = val_to_str_const(ret_val,
                            dvbci_lsc_ret_val, "unknown/error");
                    break;
            }
            if (ret_val_str) {
                col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                            ret_val_str);
                proto_item_append_text(pi, " (%s)", ret_val_str);
            }
            break;
        case T_COMMS_SEND_LAST:
        case T_COMMS_SEND_MORE:
        case T_COMMS_RCV_LAST:
        case T_COMMS_RCV_MORE:
            phase_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_phase_id,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    "Phase ID %d", phase_id);
            offset++;
            msg_len = tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset);
            if (msg_len<=0)
                break;
            msg_tvb = tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, offset);
            if (!msg_tvb)
                break;
            if (dvbci_dissect_lsc_msg && conv && conversation_get_dissector(conv, 0)) {
                msg_handle = conversation_get_dissector(conv, 0);
                col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ", ");
                col_set_fence(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);
                col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, ", ");
                col_set_fence(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL);
            }
            else {
                msg_handle = data_handle;
            }
            if (msg_handle)
                call_dissector(msg_handle, msg_tvb, pinfo, tree);
            break;
        case T_COMMS_IP_CONFIG_REPLY:
            proto_tree_add_item_ret_uint(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_conn_state,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN, &conn_state);
            offset++;
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_phys_addr,
                    tvb, offset, FT_ETHER_LEN, ENC_NA);
            offset += FT_ETHER_LEN;
            if (conn_state == LSC_CONNECTED) {
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_ipv6_addr,
                        tvb, offset, FT_IPv6_LEN, ENC_NA);
                offset += FT_IPv6_LEN;
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_netmask,
                        tvb, offset, FT_IPv6_LEN, ENC_NA);
                offset += FT_IPv6_LEN;
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_gateway,
                        tvb, offset, FT_IPv6_LEN, ENC_NA);
                offset += FT_IPv6_LEN;
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_dhcp_srv,
                        tvb, offset, FT_IPv6_LEN, ENC_NA);
                offset += FT_IPv6_LEN;
                proto_tree_add_item_ret_uint(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_num_dns_srv,
                        tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN, &num_dns_srv);
                offset++;
                for(i = 0; i < num_dns_srv; i++) {
                    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_lsc_dns_srv,
                            tvb, offset, FT_IPv6_LEN, ENC_NA);
                    offset += FT_IPv6_LEN;
                }
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_opp(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    uint16_t        nit_loop_len, nit_loop_offset;
    tvbuff_t       *nit_loop_tvb, *nit_loop_partial_tvb;
    unsigned        dvb_nit_bytes;
    uint8_t         table_id;
    uint8_t         cap_loop_len;
    bool            info_valid;
    unsigned        enc_len;
    dvb_encoding_e  encoding;
    uint8_t         desc_num;
    uint8_t         sig_strength, sig_qual;
    proto_item     *pi;

    switch(tag) {
        case T_OPERATOR_STATUS:
        case T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_STATUS:
            dissect_opp_status_body(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
          break;
        case T_OPERATOR_NIT:
          nit_loop_len = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_nit_loop_len,
                  tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          if (nit_loop_len==0)
              break;
          offset += 2;
          nit_loop_tvb = tvb_new_subset_length(
                  tvb, offset, nit_loop_len);
          nit_loop_offset = 0;
          if (!dvb_nit_handle) {
              call_dissector(data_handle, nit_loop_tvb, pinfo, tree);
              break;
          }
          /* prevent dvb_nit dissector from clearing the dvb-ci infos */
          col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ", ");
          col_set_fence(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);
          do {
              table_id = tvb_get_uint8(nit_loop_tvb, nit_loop_offset);
              if (table_id != TABLE_ID_CICAM_NIT) {
                  proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_cicam_nit_table_id,
                          nit_loop_tvb, nit_loop_offset, 1);
              }
              nit_loop_partial_tvb =
                  tvb_new_subset_remaining(nit_loop_tvb, nit_loop_offset);
              dvb_nit_bytes = call_dissector(
                      dvb_nit_handle, nit_loop_partial_tvb, pinfo, tree);
              nit_loop_offset += dvb_nit_bytes;
              /* offsets go from 0 to nit_loop_len-1 */
          } while (dvb_nit_bytes>0 && nit_loop_offset<nit_loop_len-1);
          break;
        case T_OPERATOR_INFO:
          info_valid = ((tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x08) == 0x08);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_info_valid,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_info,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          if (!info_valid)
              break;
          offset++;
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cicam_onid,
                  tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset += 2;
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cicam_id,
                  tvb, offset, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset += 4;

          enc_len = dvb_analyze_string_charset(tvb, offset,
                  tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset), &encoding);
          if (enc_len==0) {
              proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo,
                      &ei_dvbci_invalid_char_tbl, tvb, offset,
                      tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset));
              break;
          }
          dvb_add_chartbl(tree, hf_dvbci_opp_char_tbl,
                  tvb, offset, enc_len, encoding);
          offset += enc_len;

          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sdt_rst_trusted,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_eit_rst_trusted,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_eit_pf_usage,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_eit_sch_usage,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_ext_evt_usage,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset++;
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sdt_oth_trusted,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_eit_evt_trigger,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset++;
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_opp_lang_code,
                  tvb, offset, 3, ENC_ASCII);
          offset += 3;
          /* hf_dvbci_prof_name is an FT_UINT_STRING, one leading len byte */
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_prof_name,
              tvb, offset, 1, ENC_ASCII|ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          break;
        case T_OPERATOR_SEARCH_START:
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_unattended,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

          cap_loop_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset) & 0x7F;
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_opp_svc_type_loop_len,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset++;
          /* no need for error checking, we continue anyway */
          dissect_opp_cap_loop(cap_loop_len, "Service type loop",
                  hf_dvbci_opp_svc_type, 1, tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
          offset += cap_loop_len;

          cap_loop_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_dlv_cap_loop_len,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset++;
          /* XXX - handle multi-byte delivery capabilities */
          dissect_opp_cap_loop(cap_loop_len,
                  "Delivery system capabilities loop",
                  hf_dvbci_dlv_cap_byte, 1,
                  tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
          offset += cap_loop_len;

          cap_loop_len = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_app_cap_loop_len,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset++;
          dissect_opp_cap_loop(cap_loop_len,
                  "Application capabilities loop",
                  hf_dvbci_app_cap_bytes, 2,
                  tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
          break;
        case T_OPERATOR_TUNE_STATUS:
          desc_num = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
          pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_desc_num,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          if (desc_num==OPP_NO_MORE_DESC)
              proto_item_append_text(pi, " (all descriptors were processed)");
          offset++;
          sig_strength = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sig_strength,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          offset++;
          sig_qual = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
          pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sig_qual,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          if (sig_strength>100 || sig_qual>100) {
              expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_sig_qual);
          }
          offset++;
          proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_opp_tune_status,
                  tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
          dissect_desc_loop(hf_dvbci_opp_desc_loop_len,
                  tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
          break;
        case T_OPERATOR_TUNE:
          dissect_desc_loop(hf_dvbci_opp_desc_loop_len,
                  tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
          break;
        default:
          break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_afs(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv _U_,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    const uint8_t *dom_id_str;

    switch(tag) {
        case T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_OFFER:
            proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tree, hf_dvbci_afs_dom_id,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_UTF_8|ENC_BIG_ENDIAN,
                    pinfo->pool, &dom_id_str);
            if (dom_id_str) {
                col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo,
                        COL_INFO, ": ", "%s", dom_id_str);
            }
            break;
        case T_AFS_FILE_SYSTEM_ACK:
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_afs_ack_code,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case T_AFS_FILE_REQUEST:
            dissect_dvbci_ami_file_req(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            break;
        case T_AFS_FILE_ACKNOWLEDGE:
            dissect_dvbci_ami_file_ack(tvb, offset, pinfo, tree);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_payload_sas(uint32_t tag, int len_field _U_,
        tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, conversation_t *conv,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    char    app_id_str[2+16+1]; /* "0x", string of 16 hex digits, trailing 0 */
    uint8_t sas_status;
    dissector_handle_t msg_handle;
    uint8_t msg_nb;
    uint16_t msg_len;
    tvbuff_t *msg_tvb;

    switch(tag) {
        case T_SAS_CONNECT_RQST:
        case T_SAS_CONNECT_CNF:
            snprintf(app_id_str, sizeof(app_id_str),
                    "0x%016" PRIx64, tvb_get_ntoh64(tvb, offset));
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", app_id_str);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sas_app_id,
                    tvb, offset, 8, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 8;
            if (tag == T_SAS_CONNECT_CNF) {
                sas_status = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
                col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                        (sas_status == SAS_SESS_STATE_CONNECTED ?
                         "Ok" : "Error"));
                proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sas_sess_state,
                        tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
                if (!conv)
                    break;
                if (sas_status == SAS_SESS_STATE_CONNECTED) {
                    msg_handle = dissector_get_string_handle(
                            sas_msg_dissector_table, app_id_str);
                    /* this clears the dissector for msg_handle==NULL */
                    conversation_set_dissector(conv, msg_handle);
                }
                else
                    conversation_set_dissector(conv, NULL);
            }
            break;
        case T_SAS_ASYNC_MSG:
            msg_nb = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                    "Message #%d ", msg_nb);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sas_msg_nb,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset++;
            msg_len = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sas_msg_len,
                    tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            offset += 2;
            msg_tvb = tvb_new_subset_length(tvb, offset, msg_len);
            msg_handle = conv ? conversation_get_dissector(conv, 0) : NULL;
            if (msg_handle == NULL)
                msg_handle = data_handle;
            call_dissector(msg_handle, msg_tvb, pinfo, tree);
            break;
        default:
          break;
    }
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_apdu(tvbuff_t *tvb, conversation_t *conv,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, uint8_t direction)
{
    proto_tree  *app_tree;
    uint32_t     apdu_len, tag, len_field;
    const char *tag_str;
    int          offset;
    proto_item  *pi;
    apdu_info_t *ai;
    uint32_t     apdu_res_id;
    const char *ai_res_class_str;


    apdu_len = tvb_reported_length(tvb);

    app_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, 0, apdu_len, ett_dvbci_application, NULL, "Application Layer");

    tag = tvb_get_ntoh24(tvb, 0);
    tag_str = try_val_to_str(tag, dvbci_apdu_tag);
    offset = APDU_TAG_SIZE;

    col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO,
            val_to_str_const(tag, dvbci_apdu_tag, "Unknown/invalid APDU"));
    pi = proto_tree_add_item(
                app_tree, hf_dvbci_apdu_tag, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (tag_str == NULL) {
        expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_apdu_tag);
        return;
    }

    offset = dissect_ber_length(pinfo, app_tree, tvb, offset, &len_field, NULL);
    if ((offset+len_field) != apdu_len) {
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb,
                APDU_TAG_SIZE, offset-APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                "Length field is different from the number of apdu payload bytes");
        /* we need len_field bytes of apdu payload to call
           ai->dissect_payload() and continue dissecting */
        if (apdu_len < offset+len_field)
            return;
    }

    ai = (apdu_info_t *)g_hash_table_lookup(apdu_table,
                                            GUINT_TO_POINTER((unsigned)tag));
    if (!ai) {
        proto_tree_add_expert(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_apdu_not_supported, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE);
        return;
    }
    if (ai->direction!=DIRECTION_ANY && ai->direction!=direction) {
        if (ai->direction==DATA_HOST_TO_CAM) {
            proto_tree_add_expert(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_apu_host_to_cam, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE);
        }
        else {
            proto_tree_add_expert(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_apu_cam_to_host, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE);
        }
        /* don't return, we can continue dissecting the APDU */
    }
    if (ai->min_len_field!=LEN_FIELD_ANY && len_field<ai->min_len_field) {
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                "Invalid APDU length field, minimum length field for %s is %d", tag_str, ai->min_len_field);
        return;
    }
    if (ai->len_field!=LEN_FIELD_ANY && len_field!=ai->len_field) {
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                "Invalid APDU length field, length field for %s must be %d", tag_str, ai->len_field);
        return;
    }
    if (conv) {
        apdu_res_id = GPOINTER_TO_UINT(conversation_get_proto_data(conv, proto_dvbci));

        ai_res_class_str = val_to_str_const(ai->res_class, dvbci_res_class, "Unknown");

        if(RES_CLASS(apdu_res_id) != ai->res_class) {
            proto_tree_add_expert_format(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_res_class, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                    "Invalid resource class for this apdu, %s can only be sent on a %s session",
                    tag_str, ai_res_class_str);
        }
        if(RES_VER(apdu_res_id) < ai->res_min_ver) {
            proto_tree_add_expert_format(app_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_res_ver, tvb, 0, APDU_TAG_SIZE,
                    "Invalid resource version for this apdu, %s apdu requires at least %s version %d",
                    tag_str, ai_res_class_str, ai->res_min_ver);
        }
        /* don't return, we can continue dissecting the APDU */
    }
    if (ai->len_field!=0) {
        if (!ai->dissect_payload) {
            /* don't display an error, getting here means we have illegal
             * data in apdu_info[] */
            return;
        }
        ai->dissect_payload(
                tag, len_field, tvb, offset, conv, pinfo, app_tree);
    }
}

static void
dissect_dvbci_spdu(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
        uint8_t direction, uint8_t tcid)
{
    uint32_t           spdu_len;
    proto_item        *ti;
    proto_tree        *sess_tree;
    uint8_t            tag;
    const char        *tag_str;
    conversation_t    *conv     = NULL;
    proto_item        *pi;
    int                offset;
    uint32_t           len_field;
    const spdu_info_t *si;
    proto_item        *res_id_it   = NULL;
    uint32_t           res_id;
    uint16_t ssnb                   = 0;  /* session numbers start with 1, 0 is invalid */
    uint8_t            sess_stat;
    tvbuff_t          *payload_tvb = NULL;


    spdu_len = tvb_reported_length(tvb);

    sess_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, 0, -1, ett_dvbci_session, &ti, "Session Layer");

    tag = tvb_get_uint8(tvb,0);
    tag_str = try_val_to_str(tag, dvbci_spdu_tag);
    col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO,
            val_to_str_const(tag, dvbci_spdu_tag, "Invalid SPDU"));
    pi = proto_tree_add_item(sess_tree, hf_dvbci_spdu_tag, tvb, 0, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (tag_str == NULL) {
        expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_spdu_tag);
        return;
    }

    offset = dissect_ber_length(pinfo, sess_tree, tvb, 1, &len_field, NULL);

    si = (spdu_info_t *)g_hash_table_lookup(spdu_table,
                                            GUINT_TO_POINTER((unsigned)tag));
    if (!si)
        return;
    if (si->direction!=0 && si->direction!=direction) {
        if (si->direction==DATA_HOST_TO_CAM) {
            proto_tree_add_expert(sess_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_spdu_host_to_cam, tvb, 0, 1);
        }
        else {
            proto_tree_add_expert(sess_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_spdu_cam_to_host, tvb, 0, 1);
        }
    }
    if (si->len_field != len_field) {
        /* offset points to 1st byte after the length field */
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(sess_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, 1, offset-1,
                "Invalid SPDU length field, correct length field for %s is %d", tag_str, si->len_field);
        return;
    }

    switch(tag)
    {
        case T_OPEN_SESSION_REQUEST:
            res_id_it = dissect_res_id(tvb, offset, pinfo, sess_tree, 0, true);
            break;
        case T_CREATE_SESSION:
            res_id_it = dissect_res_id(tvb, offset, pinfo, sess_tree, 0, true);
            /* DVB-CI uses network byte order == big endian */
            ssnb = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset+RES_ID_LEN);
            proto_tree_add_item(sess_tree, hf_dvbci_sess_nb,
                    tvb, offset+RES_ID_LEN, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case T_OPEN_SESSION_RESPONSE:
        case T_CREATE_SESSION_RESPONSE:
            sess_stat = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(sess_tree, hf_dvbci_sess_status,
                    tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            res_id = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset+1);
            res_id_it = dissect_res_id(tvb, offset+1, pinfo, sess_tree, 0, true);
            ssnb = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset+1+RES_ID_LEN);
            proto_tree_add_item(sess_tree, hf_dvbci_sess_nb, tvb,
                    offset+1+RES_ID_LEN, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            if (sess_stat != SESS_OPENED) {
                col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "Error");
                break;
            }
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "Session opened");
            conv = conversation_new_by_id(pinfo->num, CONVERSATION_DVBCI, CT_ID(ssnb, tcid));
            /* we always add the resource id immediately after the circuit
                was created */
            conversation_add_proto_data(conv, proto_dvbci, GUINT_TO_POINTER(res_id));
            break;
        case T_CLOSE_SESSION_REQUEST:
            ssnb = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    sess_tree, hf_dvbci_sess_nb, tvb,
                    offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            break;
        case T_CLOSE_SESSION_RESPONSE:
            sess_stat = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    sess_tree, hf_dvbci_close_sess_status, tvb,
                    offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                    sess_stat==SESS_CLOSED ? "Session closed" : "Error");
            ssnb = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset+1);
            proto_tree_add_item(sess_tree, hf_dvbci_sess_nb,
                    tvb, offset+1, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            conv = find_conversation_by_id(pinfo->num, CONVERSATION_DVBCI, CT_ID(ssnb, tcid));
            if (conv)
                conv->last_frame = pinfo->num;
            break;
        case T_SESSION_NUMBER:
            ssnb = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
            proto_tree_add_item(
                    sess_tree, hf_dvbci_sess_nb, tvb,
                    offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
            payload_tvb =
                tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, offset+2);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    if (ssnb && !conv)
        conv = find_conversation_by_id(pinfo->num, CONVERSATION_DVBCI, CT_ID(ssnb, tcid));

    /* if the packet contains no resource id, we add the cached id from
       the circuit so that each packet has a resource id that can be
       used for filtering */
    if (conv&& !res_id_it) {
        /* when a circuit is found, it always contains a valid resource id */
        res_id = GPOINTER_TO_UINT(conversation_get_proto_data(conv, proto_dvbci));
        res_id_it = dissect_res_id(NULL, 0, pinfo, sess_tree, res_id, true);
        proto_item_set_generated(res_id_it);
    }

    if (payload_tvb) {
        proto_item_set_len(ti, spdu_len-tvb_reported_length(payload_tvb));
        dissect_dvbci_apdu(payload_tvb, conv, pinfo, tree, direction);
    }
    else {
        proto_item_set_len(ti, spdu_len);
    }
}

/* dissect the status of an r_tpdu, return its length or -1 for error */
static int
dissect_dvbci_tpdu_status(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
        uint8_t lpdu_tcid, uint8_t r_tpdu_tag)
{
    int          offset_new, len_start_offset;
    uint8_t      tag;
    uint32_t     len_field;
    uint8_t      t_c_id, sb_value;
    const char *sb_str;
    proto_item  *pi;

    offset_new = offset;

    tag = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset_new);
    if (tag!=T_SB) {
        proto_tree_add_expert(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_tpdu_status_tag, tvb, offset_new, 1);
        return -1;
    }
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sb_tag, tvb,
            offset_new, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, "T_SB");
    offset_new++;

    len_start_offset = offset_new;
    offset_new = dissect_ber_length(
            pinfo, tree, tvb, offset_new, &len_field, NULL);
    if (len_field != 2) {
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, len_start_offset, offset_new-len_start_offset,
                "Invalid status length field, this must always be 2");

        return -1;
    }

    t_c_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset_new);
    pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_t_c_id, tvb, offset_new, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    /* tcid in transport header and link layer must only match for data
     * transmission commands */
    if (t_c_id!=lpdu_tcid) {
        if (r_tpdu_tag==NO_TAG ||
                r_tpdu_tag==T_DATA_MORE || r_tpdu_tag==T_DATA_LAST) {
            expert_add_info_format(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_t_c_id,
                    "Transport Connection ID mismatch, tcid is %d in the transport layer and %d in the link layer",
                    t_c_id, lpdu_tcid);
            return -1;
        }
    }
    offset_new++;

    sb_value = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset_new);
    sb_str = try_val_to_str(sb_value, dvbci_sb_value);
    pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_sb_value, tvb,
            offset_new, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (sb_str) {
        col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", sb_str);
    }
    else {
        expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_sb_value);
    }
    offset_new++;

    return offset_new-offset;
}


/* dissect the header of a c_tpdu or r_tpdu
   return the length of the header (tag, len_field, t_c_id) or -1 for error */
static int
dissect_dvbci_tpdu_hdr(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
        uint8_t direction, uint8_t lpdu_tcid, uint32_t tpdu_len,
        uint8_t *hdr_tag, uint32_t *body_len)
{
    uint8_t      c_tpdu_tag, r_tpdu_tag, *tag = NULL;
    const char *c_tpdu_str, *r_tpdu_str;
    proto_item  *pi;
    int          offset;
    uint32_t     len_field;
    uint8_t      t_c_id;

    if (direction==DATA_HOST_TO_CAM) {
        c_tpdu_tag = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, 0);
        tag = &c_tpdu_tag;
        c_tpdu_str = try_val_to_str(c_tpdu_tag, dvbci_c_tpdu);
        pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_c_tpdu_tag, tvb, 0, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        if (c_tpdu_str) {
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, c_tpdu_str);
        }
        else {
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                    "Invalid Command-TPDU tag");
            expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_c_tpdu_tag);
            return -1;
        }
    }
    else {
        r_tpdu_tag = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, 0);
        if (r_tpdu_tag == T_SB) {
            /* we have an r_tpdu without header and body,
               it contains only the status part */
            if (hdr_tag)
                *hdr_tag = NO_TAG;
            if (body_len)
                *body_len = 0;
            return 0;
        }

        tag = &r_tpdu_tag;
        r_tpdu_str = try_val_to_str(r_tpdu_tag, dvbci_r_tpdu);
        pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_r_tpdu_tag, tvb, 0, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        if (r_tpdu_str) {
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL, r_tpdu_str);
        }
        else {
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
                    "Invalid Response-TPDU tag");
            expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_r_tpdu_tag);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    offset = dissect_ber_length(pinfo, tree, tvb, 1, &len_field, NULL);
    /* len_field must be at least 1 for the following t_c_id
       c_tpdu's len_field must match tvbuff exactly
       r_tpdu's len_field does not include the status part after the body */
    if (len_field==0 ||
        ((direction==DATA_HOST_TO_CAM) && ((offset+len_field)!=tpdu_len)) ||
        ((direction==DATA_CAM_TO_HOST) && ((offset+len_field)>tpdu_len))) {
        /* offset points to 1st byte after the length field */
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, 1, offset-1,
            len_field==0 ? "Invalid length field, length field must be at least 1" :
                           "Invalid length field, length field mismatch");
        return -1;
    }

    t_c_id = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
    pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_t_c_id, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    /* tcid in transport header and link layer must only match for
     * data transmission commands */
    if (t_c_id!=lpdu_tcid) {
        if (tag && (*tag==T_RCV || *tag==T_DATA_MORE || *tag==T_DATA_LAST)) {
            expert_add_info_format(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_t_c_id, "Transport Connection ID mismatch, tcid is %d in the transport layer and %d in the link layer",
                    t_c_id, lpdu_tcid);
        }
    }
    else {
        col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", "tcid %d", t_c_id);
    }
    offset++;

    if (hdr_tag && tag)
        *hdr_tag = *tag;
    if (body_len)
        *body_len = len_field-1;  /* -1 for t_c_id */
    return offset;
}

static void
dissect_dvbci_tpdu(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
        uint8_t direction, uint8_t lpdu_tcid)
{
    uint32_t       tpdu_len, body_len;
    proto_item    *ti;
    proto_tree    *trans_tree;
    int            offset, status_len;
    uint8_t        hdr_tag                = NO_TAG;
    tvbuff_t      *body_tvb, *payload_tvb = NULL;
    fragment_head *frag_msg               = NULL;


    tpdu_len = tvb_reported_length(tvb);

    col_clear(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);

    trans_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, 0, -1, ett_dvbci_transport, &ti, "Transport Layer");

    offset = dissect_dvbci_tpdu_hdr(tvb, pinfo, trans_tree, direction,
            lpdu_tcid, tpdu_len, &hdr_tag, &body_len);
    if (offset==-1)
        return;
    proto_item_set_len(ti, offset);
    if ((offset>0) && (body_len!=0)) {
        /* for unfragmented data, the reassembly api behaviour is unclear
            if we put the body part of the tvb into fragment_add_seq_next(),
            process_reassembled_data() returns the remainder of the tvb
            which is body|status part
           if there's more than one fragment, payload_tvb contains only
            the reassembled bodies as expected
           to work around this issue, we use a dedicated body_tvb as
            input to reassembly routines */
        body_tvb = tvb_new_subset_length(tvb, offset, body_len);
        /* dissect_dvbci_tpdu_hdr() checked that lpdu_tcid==t_c_id */
        frag_msg = fragment_add_seq_next(&spdu_reassembly_table,
                body_tvb, 0, pinfo, SPDU_SEQ_ID_BASE+lpdu_tcid, NULL,
                body_len,
                hdr_tag == T_DATA_MORE ? 1 : 0);
        payload_tvb = process_reassembled_data(body_tvb, 0, pinfo,
                "Reassembled SPDU", frag_msg, &spdu_frag_items,
                NULL, trans_tree);
        if (!payload_tvb) {
            if (hdr_tag == T_DATA_MORE) {
                pinfo->fragmented = true;
                col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " (Message fragment)");
            } else {
                payload_tvb = body_tvb;
            }
        }
        offset += body_len;
    }

    if (direction==DATA_CAM_TO_HOST) {
        /* minimum length of an rtpdu status is 4 bytes */
        if (tpdu_len-offset < 4) {
            proto_tree_add_expert(trans_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_r_tpdu_status_mandatory, tvb, 0, 0);
            return;
        }
        status_len = dissect_dvbci_tpdu_status(
                tvb, offset, pinfo, trans_tree, lpdu_tcid, hdr_tag);
        if (status_len<0)
            return;
        proto_tree_set_appendix(trans_tree, tvb, offset, status_len);
    }

    if (payload_tvb)
        dissect_dvbci_spdu(payload_tvb, pinfo, tree, direction, lpdu_tcid);
}


static void
dissect_dvbci_lpdu(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
        uint8_t direction)
{
    proto_tree    *link_tree;
    uint32_t       payload_len;
    uint8_t        tcid, more_last;
    proto_item    *pi;
    tvbuff_t      *payload_tvb;
    fragment_head *frag_msg;


    payload_len = tvb_reported_length(tvb);

    col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "LPDU");

    link_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, 0, 2, ett_dvbci_link, NULL, "Link Layer");

    tcid = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, 0);
    col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", "tcid %d", tcid);
    proto_tree_add_item(link_tree, hf_dvbci_tcid, tvb, 0, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    more_last = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, 1);
    pi = proto_tree_add_item(link_tree, hf_dvbci_ml, tvb, 1, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    if (try_val_to_str(more_last, dvbci_ml) == NULL) {
        expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_ml);
    }

    /* buf_size_host==0 -> we did not capture the buffer size negotiation */
    if (buf_size_host!=0 && payload_len>buf_size_host) {
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(link_tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_bad_length, tvb, 2, payload_len,
                "Payload too large, maximum payload length is the negotiated buffer size (%d bytes)", buf_size_host);
    }

    frag_msg = fragment_add_seq_next(&tpdu_reassembly_table,
            tvb, 2, pinfo, TPDU_SEQ_ID_BASE+tcid, NULL,
            tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, 2),
            more_last == ML_MORE ? 1 : 0);

    payload_tvb = process_reassembled_data(tvb, 2, pinfo,
            "Reassembled TPDU", frag_msg, &tpdu_frag_items,
            NULL, link_tree);
    if (!payload_tvb) {
        if (more_last == ML_MORE) {
            pinfo->fragmented = true;
            col_append_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, " (Message fragment)");
       } else
            payload_tvb = tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, 2);
    }
    if (payload_tvb)
        dissect_dvbci_tpdu(payload_tvb, pinfo, tree, direction, tcid);
}

/* dissect DVB-CI buffer size negotiation */
static void
dissect_dvbci_buf_neg(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree,
        uint8_t direction)
{
    uint16_t    buf_size;
    proto_item *pi;

    buf_size = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, 0);

    col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s: %u bytes",
                 direction == DATA_HOST_TO_CAM ?
                 "negotiated buffer size" : "buffer size proposal",
                 buf_size);

    if (direction == DATA_HOST_TO_CAM) {
        buf_size_host = buf_size;
        pi = proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_buf_size, tvb,
                0, 2, buf_size,
                "Negotiated buffer size: %u bytes", buf_size);
        if (buf_size_host > buf_size_cam) {
            /* ATTENTION:
               wireshark may run through each packet multiple times
               if we didn't check the direction, we'd get the error when
               wireshark runs through the initial CAM packet for the 2nd time
             */
            expert_add_info_format(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_buf_size, "Illegal buffer size command. Host shall not request a buffer size larger than the CAM proposal");
        }
    }
    else if (direction == DATA_CAM_TO_HOST) {
        buf_size_cam = buf_size;
        proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, hf_dvbci_buf_size, tvb,
                0, 2, buf_size,
                "Buffer size proposal by the CAM: %u bytes", buf_size);
    }

    if (buf_size < 16) {
        proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_dvbci_buf_size, tvb, 0, 2,
               "Illegal buffer size, minimum buffer size is 16 bytes");
    }
}

/* dissect Level 1 version/product information tuple's payload
   data_tvb is a separate tvb for the tuple payload (without tag and len)
   return the number of dissected bytes or -1 for error */
static int
dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_tpll_v1(tvbuff_t *data_tvb,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int offset=0, offset_str_end;

    /* the CIS is defined by PCMCIA, all multi-byte values are little endian
       (the rest of DVB-CI is a big-endian protocol) */
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_major,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset++;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_minor,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    /* manufacturer, name and additional infos are 0-terminated strings */
    offset_str_end = tvb_find_uint8(data_tvb, offset, -1, 0x0);
    if (offset_str_end<offset) /* offset_str_end==offset is ok */
        return offset;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_manuf,
            data_tvb, offset, offset_str_end-offset, ENC_ASCII);
    offset = offset_str_end+1; /* +1 for 0 termination */

    offset_str_end = tvb_find_uint8(data_tvb, offset, -1, 0x0);
    if (offset_str_end<offset)
        return offset;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_name,
            data_tvb, offset, offset_str_end-offset, ENC_ASCII);
    offset = offset_str_end+1;

    /* the pc-card spec mentions two additional info strings,
        it's unclear if both are mandatory
       >1 because the last byte is the tuple end marker */
    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(data_tvb, offset)>1) {
        offset_str_end = tvb_find_uint8(data_tvb, offset, -1, 0x0);
        if (offset_str_end<offset)
            break;
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_additional,
                data_tvb, offset, offset_str_end-offset, ENC_ASCII);
        offset = offset_str_end+1;
    }

    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_end,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    return offset;
}

static int
dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_config(tvbuff_t *data_tvb,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int          offset = 0;
    /* these are the actual sizes, the CIS stores rmsz-1 and rasz-1 */
    uint8_t      rfsz, rmsz, rasz;
    uint8_t      st_code, st_len;
    const char *st_code_str;
    proto_item  *st_item = NULL;
    proto_tree  *st_tree = NULL;
    uint8_t      stci_ifn_size;   /* actual size, see comment above */

    rfsz = (tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset)&0xC0) >> 6;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rfsz,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    rmsz = ((tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset)&0x3C) >> 2) + 1;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rmsz,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    rasz = (tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset)&0x03) + 1;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rasz,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_last,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_radr,
            data_tvb, offset, rasz, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset += rasz;
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rmsk,
            data_tvb, offset, rmsz, ENC_NA);
    offset += rmsz;
    offset += rfsz; /* skip reserved bytes */

    while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(data_tvb, offset) > 0) {
        st_code = tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset);
        st_code_str = val_to_str_const(st_code, dvbci_cis_subtpl_code, "unknown");
        st_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, data_tvb, offset, -1,
                ett_dvbci_cis_subtpl, &st_item, "Subtuple: %s (0x%x)", st_code_str, st_code);
        proto_tree_add_item(st_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_st_code,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        st_len = tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset);
        proto_item_set_len(st_item, 2+st_len); /* tag, len byte, body */
        proto_tree_add_item(st_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_st_len,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
        if (st_code == CCSTPL_CIF) {
            stci_ifn_size = ((tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset) & 0xC0)>>6)+1;
            proto_tree_add_item(st_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_stci_ifn_size,
                    data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
            /* don't increment offset,
               size and actual value's LSB share the same byte */
            proto_tree_add_item(st_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_stci_ifn,
                    data_tvb, offset, stci_ifn_size, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
            offset += stci_ifn_size;
            /* the stci_str field could consist of multiple strings,
               this case is not supported for now */
            proto_tree_add_item(st_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_stci_str,
                    data_tvb, offset, st_len-stci_ifn_size, ENC_ASCII);
            offset += st_len-stci_ifn_size;
        }
        else {
            /* skip unknown subtuple's content */
            offset += st_len;
        }
    }

    return offset;
}


static int
dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_cftable_entry(tvbuff_t *data_tvb,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int offset = 0;
    bool intface_flag;

    intface_flag = ((tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset) & 0x80) == 0x80);
    /* tpce_indx byte */
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_intface,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_default,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_cnf_entry,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    if (intface_flag) {
        /* tpce_if byte */
        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_if_type,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        /* XXX parse other components of tpce_if */
        offset++;
    }

    /* tpce_fs byte: this is present in any case */
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_mem_space,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_irq,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_io,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    /* XXX parse other components of tpce_fs */
    offset++;

    return offset;
}

/* dissect the payload of a device_oc or device_oa tuple */
static int
dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_device(tvbuff_t *data_tvb,
        packet_info *pinfo _U_, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int       offset = 0;
    bool      ext;

    ext = ((tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset) & 0x80) == 0x80);

    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_dev_vcc_used,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_dev_mwait,
            data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    offset++;

    while (ext) {
        ext = ((tvb_get_uint8(data_tvb, offset) & 0x80) == 0x80);

        proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_dvbci_cis_dev_oth_cond_info,
                data_tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        offset++;
    }

    return offset;
}

static void
dissect_dvbci_cis(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
        packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree)
{
    int          offset_start;
    proto_tree  *cis_tree = NULL, *tpl_tree = NULL;
    proto_item  *ti_main, *ti_tpl;
    uint8_t      tpl_code;
    const char *tpl_code_str = NULL;
    uint8_t      len_field;
    tvbuff_t    *tpl_data_tvb;

    offset_start = offset;

    cis_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(tree, tvb, offset, -1,
            ett_dvbci_cis, &ti_main, "Card Information Structure (CIS)");

    do {
        tpl_code = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        tpl_code_str = val_to_str_const(tpl_code, dvbci_cis_tpl_code, "unknown");

        tpl_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(cis_tree,
                tvb, offset, -1, ett_dvbci_cis_tpl, &ti_tpl, "CIS tuple: %s", tpl_code_str);

        proto_tree_add_uint_format(tpl_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_code,
                tvb, offset, 1, tpl_code, "Tuple code: %s (0x%x)",
                tpl_code_str, tpl_code);
        offset++;

        if (tpl_code == CISTPL_END) {
            proto_item_set_len(ti_tpl, 1); /* only tag (no len and content) */
            break;
        }

        len_field = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(tpl_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_len,
                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        offset++;

        tpl_data_tvb = tvb_new_subset_length(tvb, offset, len_field);
        switch (tpl_code) {
            case CISTPL_VERS_1:
                dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_tpll_v1(
                        tpl_data_tvb, pinfo, tpl_tree);
                offset += len_field;
                break;
            case CISTPL_CONFIG:
                dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_config(tpl_data_tvb, pinfo, tpl_tree);
                offset += len_field;
                break;
            case CISTPL_CFTABLE_ENTRY:
                dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_cftable_entry(
                        tpl_data_tvb, pinfo, tpl_tree);
                offset += len_field;
                break;
            case CISTPL_DEVICE_OC:
                /* fall through: those two tuples' data is identical */
            case CISTPL_DEVICE_OA:
                dissect_dvbci_cis_payload_device(
                        tpl_data_tvb, pinfo, tpl_tree);
                offset += len_field;
                break;
            case CISTPL_MANFID:
                proto_tree_add_item(tpl_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tplmid_manf,
                        tvb, offset, 2, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
                offset+=2;
                proto_tree_add_item(tpl_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tplmid_card,
                        tvb, offset, 2, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
                offset+=2;
                break;
            default:
                if (len_field>0) {
                    proto_tree_add_item(tpl_tree, hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_data,
                            tvb, offset, len_field, ENC_NA);
                }
                offset += len_field;
                break;
        }

        proto_item_set_len(ti_tpl, 2+len_field); /* tag, len byte, content */

    } while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0);

    proto_item_set_len(ti_main, offset-offset_start);
}


static int
dissect_dvbci(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data _U_)
{
    int          packet_len, offset = 0, offset_ver, offset_evt, offset_len_field;
    uint8_t      version, event;
    const char *event_str;
    uint16_t     len_field;
    proto_item  *ti;
    proto_tree  *dvbci_tree, *hdr_tree;
    tvbuff_t    *payload_tvb;
    uint16_t     cor_addr;
    uint8_t      cor_value;
    proto_item  *pi;
    uint8_t      hw_event;

    if (tvb_captured_length(tvb) < 4)
        return 0;

    offset_ver = offset;
    version = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset++);
    if (version != 0)
        return 0;

    offset_evt = offset;
    event = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset++);
    event_str = try_val_to_str(event, dvbci_event);
    if (!event_str)
        return 0;

    packet_len = tvb_reported_length(tvb);
    offset_len_field = offset;
    len_field = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
    if (len_field != (packet_len-4))
        return 0;
    offset += 2;

    col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, "DVB-CI");
    col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, event_str);

    ti = proto_tree_add_protocol_format(tree, proto_dvbci,
            tvb, 0, packet_len, "DVB Common Interface: %s", event_str);
    dvbci_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_dvbci);
    hdr_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree(dvbci_tree,
            tvb, 0, offset, ett_dvbci_hdr, NULL, "Pseudo header");
    proto_tree_add_item(hdr_tree, hf_dvbci_hdr_ver,
            tvb, offset_ver, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(hdr_tree, hf_dvbci_event,
            tvb, offset_evt, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    proto_tree_add_item(hdr_tree, hf_dvbci_len,
            tvb, offset_len_field, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);

    if (IS_DATA_TRANSFER(event)) {
        dvbci_set_addrs(event, pinfo);

        payload_tvb = tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, offset);
        if (len_field == 2) {
            dissect_dvbci_buf_neg(payload_tvb, pinfo, dvbci_tree, event);
        }
        else {
            dissect_dvbci_lpdu(payload_tvb, pinfo, dvbci_tree, event);
        }
    }
    else if (event==DVBCI_EVT_COR_WRITE) {
        /* PCAP format for DVB-CI defines COR address as big endian */
        pi = proto_tree_add_item(dvbci_tree, hf_dvbci_cor_addr,
                tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        cor_addr = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
        if (cor_addr == 0xFFFF) {
            proto_item_append_text(pi, " (COR address is unknown)");
            col_append_sep_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ", "unknown address");
        }
        else if (cor_addr > 0xFFE) {
            expert_add_info(pinfo, pi, &ei_dvbci_cor_addr);
        }
        else {
            col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, ": ",
                "address 0x%x", cor_addr);
        }
        offset += 2;
        cor_value = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        proto_tree_add_item(dvbci_tree, hf_dvbci_cor_val,
                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
        col_append_sep_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, NULL,
            "value 0x%x", cor_value);
    }
    else if (event==DVBCI_EVT_CIS_READ) {
        dissect_dvbci_cis(tvb, offset, pinfo, dvbci_tree);
    }
    else if (event==DVBCI_EVT_HW_EVT) {
        hw_event = tvb_get_uint8(tvb, offset);
        col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO,
                val_to_str_const(hw_event, dvbci_hw_event, "Invalid hardware event"));
        proto_tree_add_item(dvbci_tree, hf_dvbci_hw_event,
                tvb, offset, 1, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
    }

    return packet_len;
}

static void
dvbci_shutdown(void)
{
    if (spdu_table)
        g_hash_table_destroy(spdu_table);
    if (apdu_table)
        g_hash_table_destroy(apdu_table);
}

void
proto_register_dvbci(void)
{
    unsigned  i;
    module_t *dvbci_module;
    expert_module_t* expert_dvbci;

    static int *ett[] = {
        &ett_dvbci,
        &ett_dvbci_hdr,
        &ett_dvbci_cis,
        &ett_dvbci_cis_tpl,
        &ett_dvbci_cis_subtpl,
        &ett_dvbci_link,
        &ett_dvbci_link_frag,
        &ett_dvbci_link_frags,
        &ett_dvbci_transport,
        &ett_dvbci_transport_frag,
        &ett_dvbci_transport_frags,
        &ett_dvbci_session,
        &ett_dvbci_res,
        &ett_dvbci_application,
        &ett_dvbci_es,
        &ett_dvbci_ca_desc,
        &ett_dvbci_text,
        &ett_dvbci_cc_item,
        &ett_dvbci_sac_msg_body,
        &ett_dvbci_ami_req_types,
        &ett_dvbci_lsc_conn_desc,
        &ett_dvbci_opp_cap_loop,
        &ett_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint
    };

    static hf_register_info hf[] = {
        { &hf_dvbci_hdr_ver,
          { "Version", "dvb-ci.hdr_version",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_event,
          { "Event", "dvb-ci.event",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_event), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_len,
          { "Length field", "dvb-ci.length_field",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_hw_event,
          { "Hardware event", "dvb-ci.hw_event",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_hw_event), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cor_addr,
          { "COR address", "dvb-ci.cor_address",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cor_val,
          { "COR value", "dvb-ci.cor_value",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_code,
          { "CIS tuple code", "dvb-ci.cis.tpl_code",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cis_tpl_code), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_len,
          { "Length field", "dvb-ci.cis.tpl_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpl_data,
          { "Tuple data", "dvb-ci.cis.tpl_data",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_major,
          { "Major version number", "dvb-ci.cis.tpll_v1_major",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_minor,
          { "Minor version number", "dvb-ci.cis.tpll_v1_minor",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_manuf,
          { "Manufacturer", "dvb-ci.cis.tpll_v1_info.manufacturer",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_name,
          { "Name", "dvb-ci.cis.tpll_v1_info.name",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_info_additional,
          { "Additional info", "dvb-ci.cis.tpll_v1_info.additional",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpll_v1_end,
          { "End of chain", "dvb-ci.cis.tpll_v1_end",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rfsz,
          { "Size of reserved area", "dvb-ci.cis.tpcc_rfsz",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0xC0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rmsz,
          { "Size of TPCC_RMSK field - 1", "dvb-ci.cis.tpcc_rmsz",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x3C, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rasz,
          { "Size of TPCC_RADR - 1", "dvb-ci.cis.tpcc_rasz",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x03, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_last,
          { "Index of the last cftable entry", "dvb-ci.cis.tpcc_last",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x3F, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_radr,
          { "COR base address", "dvb-ci.cis.tpcc_radr",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpcc_rmsk,
          { "Configuration register presence mask", "dvb-ci.cis.tpcc_rmsk",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_st_code,
          { "Subtuple tag", "dvb-ci.cis.st_code",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cis_subtpl_code), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_st_len,
          { "Subtuple length", "dvb-ci.cis.st_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_stci_ifn_size,
          { "Size of interface ID number - 1", "dvb-ci.cis.stci_ifn_size",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0xC0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_stci_ifn,
          { "Interface ID number", "dvb-ci.cis.stci_ifn",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_stci_str,
          { "Interface description strings", "dvb-ci.cis.stci_str",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_intface,
          { "Intface", "dvb-ci.cis.tpce_indx.intface",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x80, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_default,
          { "Default", "dvb-ci.cis.tpce_indx.default",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x40, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_indx_cnf_entry,
          { "Configuration entry number", "dvb-ci.cis.tpce_indx.cnf_entry",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x3F, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_if_type,
          { "Interface type", "dvb-ci.cis.tpce_if.type", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX,
              VALS(dvbci_cis_tpce_if_type), 0x0F, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_mem_space,
          { "Mem space", "dvb-ci.cis.tpce_fs.mem_space",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x60, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_irq,
          { "IRQ", "dvb-ci.cis.tpce_fs.irq",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x10, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tpce_fs_io,
          { "IO Space", "dvb-ci.cis.tpce_fs.io",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x08, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_dev_vcc_used,
          { "Vcc used", "dvb-ci.cis.device.vcc_used",
              FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cis_dev_vcc_used), 0x06, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_dev_mwait,
          { "MWait", "dvb-ci.cis.device.mwait",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_dev_oth_cond_info,
          { "Other conditions info", "dvb-ci.cis.device.other_cond",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tplmid_manf,
          { "PC Card manufacturer code", "dvb-ci.cis.tplmid_manf",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cis_tplmid_card,
          { "Manufacturer info", "dvb-ci.cis.tplmid_card",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_buf_size,
          { "Buffer Size", "dvb-ci.buf_size",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_tcid,
          { "Transport Connection ID", "dvb-ci.tcid",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ml,
          { "More/Last indicator", "dvb-ci.more_last",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_ml), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        /* on the link layer, tpdus are reassembled */
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frags,
          { "Tpdu fragments", "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragments",
           FT_NONE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frag,
          { "Tpdu fragment", "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment",
           FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frag_overlap,
          { "Tpdu fragment overlap", "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment.overlap",
           FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frag_overlap_conflicts,
          { "Tpdu fragment overlapping with conflicting data",
           "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment.overlap.conflicts",
           FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frag_multiple_tails,
          { "Tpdu has multiple tail fragments",
           "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment.multiple_tails",
          FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frag_too_long_frag,
          { "Tpdu fragment too long", "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment.too_long_fragment",
           FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frag_err,
          { "Tpdu defragmentation error", "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment.error",
           FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_frag_cnt,
          { "Tpdu fragment count", "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment.count",
           FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_reass_in,
          { "Tpdu reassembled in", "dvb-ci.tpdu_reassembled.in",
           FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_l_reass_len,
          { "Reassembled tpdu length", "dvb-ci.tpdu_reassembled.length",
           FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_c_tpdu_tag,
          { "Command TPDU Tag", "dvb-ci.c_tpdu_tag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_c_tpdu), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_r_tpdu_tag,
           { "Response TPDU Tag", "dvb-ci.r_tpdu_tag",
             FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_r_tpdu), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_c_id,
           { "Transport Connection ID", "dvb-ci.t_c_id",
             FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sb_tag,
           { "SB tag", "dvb-ci.sb_tag",
             FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sb_value,
          { "SB Value", "dvb-ci.sb_value", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX,
            VALS(dvbci_sb_value), 0, NULL, HFILL } },

        /* on the transport layer, spdus are reassembled */
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frags,
          { "Spdu fragments", "dvb-ci.spdu_fragments",
           FT_NONE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frag,
          { "Spdu fragment", "dvb-ci.spdu_fragment",
           FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frag_overlap,
          { "Spdu fragment overlap", "dvb-ci.spdu_fragment.overlap",
           FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frag_overlap_conflicts,
          { "Spdu fragment overlapping with conflicting data",
           "dvb-ci.tpdu_fragment.overlap.conflicts",
          FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frag_multiple_tails,
          { "Spdu has multiple tail fragments",
           "dvb-ci.spdu_fragment.multiple_tails",
           FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frag_too_long_frag,
          { "Spdu fragment too long", "dvb-ci.spdu_fragment.too_long_fragment",
           FT_BOOLEAN, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frag_err,
          { "Spdu defragmentation error", "dvb-ci.spdu_fragment.error",
           FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_frag_cnt,
          { "Spdu fragment count", "dvb-ci.spdu_fragment.count",
           FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_reass_in,
          { "Spdu reassembled in", "dvb-ci.spdu_reassembled.in",
           FT_FRAMENUM, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_t_reass_len,
          { "Reassembled spdu length", "dvb-ci.spdu_reassembled.length",
           FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x00, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_spdu_tag,
          { "SPDU Tag", "dvb-ci.spdu_tag",
           FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_spdu_tag), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sess_status,
          { "Session Status", "dvb-ci.session_status",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_sess_status), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sess_nb,
          { "Session Number", "dvb-ci.session_nb",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL , 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_close_sess_status,
          { "Session Status", "dvb-ci.close_session_status",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_close_sess_status), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_res_id,
          { "Resource ID", "dvb-ci.res.id",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_res_id_type,
          { "Resource ID Type", "dvb-ci.res.id_type",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, RES_ID_TYPE_MASK, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_res_class,
          { "Resource Class", "dvb-ci.res.class",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_res_class), RES_CLASS_MASK, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_res_type,
          { "Resource Type", "dvb-ci.res.type",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, RES_TYPE_MASK, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_res_ver,
          { "Resource Version", "dvb-ci.res.version",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, RES_VER_MASK, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_apdu_tag,
          { "APDU Tag", "dvb-ci.apdu_tag",
            FT_UINT24, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_apdu_tag), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_app_type,
          { "Application type", "dvb-ci.ap.type",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_app_type), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_app_manf,
          { "Application manufacturer", "dvb-ci.ap.manufacturer",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_manf_code,
          { "Manufacturer code", "dvb-ci.ap.manufacturer_code",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_menu_str_len,
          { "Menu string length", "dvb-ci.ap.menu_string_length",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ap_char_tbl,
          { "Character table", "dvb-ci.ap.menu_char_tbl",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_menu_str,
          { "Menu string", "dvb-ci.ap.menu_string",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_data_rate,
          { "Transport stream data rate supported by the host",
            "dvb-ci.ap.data_rate",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_data_rate), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_sys_id,
          { "CA system ID", "dvb-ci.ca.ca_system_id",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_pmt_list_mgmt,
          { "CA PMT list management", "dvb-ci.ca.ca_pmt_list_management",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_ca_pmt_list_mgmt), 0, NULL,
            HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_prog_num,
          { "Program number", "dvb-ci.ca.program_number",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_ver,
          { "Version number", "dvb-ci.ca.version_number",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x3E, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_curr_next,
          { "Current-next indicator", "dvb-ci.ca.current_next_indicator",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_prog_info_len,
          { "Program info length", "dvb-ci.ca.program_info_length",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x0FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_stream_type,
          { "Stream type", "dvb-ci.ca.stream_type", FT_UINT8,
              BASE_HEX|BASE_EXT_STRING, &mpeg_pmt_stream_type_vals_ext,
              0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_es_pid,
          { "Elementary stream PID", "dvb-ci.ca.elementary_pid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x1FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_es_info_len,
          { "Elementary stream info length", "dvb-ci.ca.es_info_length",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x0FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id,
          { "CA PMT command ID", "dvb-ci.ca.ca_pmt_cmd_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_descr_len,
          { "CA descriptor length", "dvb-ci.ca.ca_desc_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_pid,
          { "CA PID", "dvb-ci.ca.ca_pid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x1FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_priv_data,
          { "Private data", "dvb-ci.ca.private_data",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_enable_flag,
          { "CA enable flag", "dvb-ci.ca.ca_enable_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x80, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ca_enable,
          { "CA enable", "dvb-ci.ca.ca_enable",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_ca_enable), 0x7F, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_auth_proto_id,
          { "Authentication protocol ID", "dvb-ci.aut.proto_id",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_auth_req_bytes,
          { "Authentication request data", "dvb-ci.aut.req",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_auth_resp_bytes,
          { "Authentication response data", "dvb-ci.aut.resp",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_network_id,
          { "Network ID", "dvb-ci.hc.nid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_original_network_id,
          { "Original network ID", "dvb-ci.hc.onid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_transport_stream_id,
          { "Transport stream ID", "dvb-ci.hc.tsid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_service_id,
          { "Service ID", "dvb-ci.hc.svcid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_replacement_ref,
          { "Replacement reference", "dvb-ci.hc.replacement_ref",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_replaced_pid,
          { "Replaced PID", "dvb-ci.hc.replaced_pid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x1FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_replacement_pid,
          { "Replacement PID", "dvb-ci.hc.replacement_pid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x1FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_pmt_flag,
          { "PMT flag", "dvb-ci.hc.pmt_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_hc_desc_loop_len,
          { "Descriptor loop length", "dvb-ci.hc.desc_loop_len",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_hc_status,
          { "Status field", "dvb-ci.hc.status_field",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_hc_status), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_hc_release_reply,
          { "Release reply", "dvb-ci.hc.release_reply",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_hc_release_reply), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_resp_intv,
          { "Response interval", "dvb-ci.dt.resp_interval",
            FT_RELATIVE_TIME, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_utc_time,
          { "UTC time", "dvb-ci.dt.utc_time",
            FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME, ABSOLUTE_TIME_UTC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },

        /* we have to use FT_INT16 instead of FT_RELATIVE_TIME,
           local offset can be negative */
        { &hf_dvbci_local_offset,
          { "Local time offset", "dvb-ci.dt.local_offset",
            FT_INT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_close_mmi_cmd_id,
          { "Command ID", "dvb-ci.mmi.close_mmi_cmd_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_close_mmi_cmd_id), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_close_mmi_delay,
          { "Delay (in sec)", "dvb-ci.mmi.delay",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_disp_ctl_cmd,
          { "Command", "dvb-ci.mmi.disp_ctl_cmd",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_disp_ctl_cmd), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_mmi_mode,
          { "MMI mode", "dvb-ci.mmi.mode",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_mmi_mode), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_disp_rep_id,
          { "Reply ID", "dvb-ci.mmi.disp_rep_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_disp_rep_id), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_mmi_char_tbl,
          { "Character table", "dvb-ci.mmi.char_tbl",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_blind_ans,
          { "Blind answer flag", "dvb-ci.mmi.blind_ans",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_blind_ans), 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ans_txt_len,
          { "Answer text length", "dvb-ci.mmi.ans_txt_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL , 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_enq,
          { "Enquiry string", "dvb-ci.mmi.enq",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ans_id,
          { "Answer ID", "dvb-ci.mmi.ans_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_ans_id) , 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ans,
          { "Answer", "dvb-ci.mmi.ans",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_choice_nb,
          { "Number of menu items", "dvb-ci.mmi.choice_nb",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_choice_ref,
          { "Selected item", "dvb-ci.mmi.choice_ref",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_item_nb,
          { "Number of list items", "dvb-ci.mmi.item_nb",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_title,
          { "Title", "dvb-ci.mmi.title",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_subtitle,
          { "Sub-title", "dvb-ci.mmi.subtitle",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_bottom,
          { "Bottom line", "dvb-ci.mmi.bottom",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_item,
          { "Item", "dvb-ci.mmi.item",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_host_country,
          { "Host country", "dvb-ci.hlc.country",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_host_language,
          { "Host language", "dvb-ci.hlc.language",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cup_type,
          { "CAM upgrade type", "dvb-ci.cup.type",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cup_type), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cup_download_time,
          { "Download time", "dvb-ci.cup.download_time",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cup_answer,
          { "CAM upgrade answer", "dvb-ci.cup.answer",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cup_answer), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cup_progress,
          { "CAM upgrade progress", "dvb-ci.cup.progress",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cup_reset,
          { "requested CAM reset", "dvb-ci.cup.reset",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cup_reset), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_sys_id_bitmask,
          { "CC system id bitmask", "dvb-ci.cc.sys_id_bitmask",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_snd_dat_nbr,
          { "Number of sent data items", "dvb-ci.cc.snd_dat_nbr",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_req_dat_nbr,
          { "Number of requested data items", "dvb-ci.cc.req_dat_nbr",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_dat_id,
          { "CC datatype id", "dvb-ci.cc.datatype_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_dat_id), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_dat_len,
          { "Length", "dvb-ci.cc.datatype_length",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_brand_cert,
          { "Brand certificate", "dvb-ci.cc.brand_cert",
            FT_NONE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_dev_cert,
          { "Device certificate", "dvb-ci.cc.dev_cert",
            FT_NONE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_uri_ver,
          { "URI version", "dvb-ci.cc.uri.version",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_uri_aps,
          { "APS", "dvb-ci.cc.uri.aps",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0xC0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_uri_emi,
          { "EMI", "dvb-ci.cc.uri.emi",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_uri_emi), 0x30, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_uri_ict,
          { "Image constraint token", "dvb-ci.cc.uri.ict",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x08, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_uri_rct,
          { "Redistribution control trigger (RCT)", "dvb-ci.cc.uri.rct",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x04, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_uri_dot,
          { "Digital only token (DOT)", "dvb-ci.cc.uri.dot",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        /* retention limit is 6bit in URIv1 and 8bit in URIv2 and later
           the position depends on the version, we can't define a mask here */
        { &hf_dvbci_uri_rl,
          { "Retention limit", "dvb-ci.cc.uri.rl",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_key_register,
          { "Key register", "dvb-ci.cc.key_register",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_key_register), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_status_field,
          { "Status field", "dvb-ci.cc.status_field",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_status), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_op_mode,
          { "Operating mode", "dvb-ci.cc.op_mode",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_op_mode), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_data,
          { "Data", "dvb-ci.cc.data",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_msg_ctr,
          { "Message counter", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.msg_ctr",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_proto_ver,
          { "Protocol version", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.proto_ver",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0xF0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_auth_cip,
          { "Authentication cipher", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.auth_cip",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_sac_auth), 0x0E, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_payload_enc,
          { "Payload encryption flag", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.payload_enc",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_enc_cip,
          { "Encryption cipher", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.enc_cip",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_sac_enc), 0xE0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_payload_len,
          { "Payload length", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.payload_len",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_enc_body,
          { "Encrypted SAC body", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.enc_body",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_padding,
          { "Padding", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.padding",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sac_signature,
          { "Signature", "dvb-ci.cc.sac.signature",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_rating,
          { "Rating", "dvb-ci.cc.rating",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_capability_field,
          { "Capability field", "dvb-ci.cc.capability_field",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_cc_cap), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_pin_chg_time,
          { "PIN change time (UTC)", "dvb-ci.cc.pin_change_time",
            FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME, ABSOLUTE_TIME_UTC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_pincode_status,
          { "Pincode status field", "dvb-ci.cc.pincode_status_field",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_pincode_status), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_prog_num,
          { "Program number", "dvb-ci.cc.program_number",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_pin_evt_time,
          { "PIN event time (UTC)", "dvb-ci.cc.pin_event_time",
            FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME, ABSOLUTE_TIME_UTC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_pin_evt_cent,
          { "PIN event time centiseconds", "dvb-ci.cc.pin_event_time_centi",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cc_priv_data,
          { "Private data", "dvb-ci.cc.private_data",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_pincode,
          { "PIN code", "dvb-ci.cc.pincode",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_app_dom_id_len,
          { "Application Domain Identifier length", "dvb-ci.ami.app_dom_id_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_init_obj_len,
          { "Initial Object length", "dvb-ci.ami.init_obj_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_app_dom_id,
          { "Application Domain Identifier", "dvb-ci.ami.app_dom_id",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_init_obj,
          { "Initial Object", "dvb-ci.ami.init_obj",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ack_code,
          { "Acknowledgement", "dvb-ci.ami.ack_code",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_ack_code), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_req_type,
          { "Request type", "dvb-ci.ami.req_type",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_req_type), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_file_hash,
          { "File hash", "dvb-ci.ami.file_hash",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_file_name_len,
          { "File name length", "dvb-ci.ami.file_name_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_file_name,
          { "File name", "dvb-ci.ami.file_name",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_file_data_len,
          { "File data length", "dvb-ci.ami.file_data_len",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ami_priv_data,
          { "Private data", "dvb-ci.ami.private_data",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_req_ok,
          { "RequestOK", "dvb-ci.ami.request_ok",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x02, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_file_ok,
          { "FileOK", "dvb-ci.ami.file_ok",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_abort_req_code,
          { "Abort request code", "dvb-ci.ami.abort_req_code",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_abort_ack_code,
          { "Abort acknowledgement code", "dvb-ci.ami.abort_ack_code",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_phase_id,
          { "Phase ID", "dvb-ci.lsc.comms_phase_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_comms_rep_id,
          { "Comms reply ID", "dvb-ci.lsc.comms_reply_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_comms_rep_id), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_buf_size,
          { "Buffer size", "dvb-ci.lsc.buf_size",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_ret_val,
          { "Return value", "dvb-ci.lsc.return_value",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_comms_cmd_id,
          { "Comms command ID", "dvb-ci.lsc.comms_cmd_id",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_comms_cmd_id), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_conn_desc_type,
          { "Type", "dvb-ci.lsc.conn_desc_type",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_conn_desc_type), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_media_tag,
          { "Tag", "dvb-ci.lsc.media_tag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_lsc_desc_tag), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_media_len,
          { "Length", "dvb-ci.lsc.media_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_media_data,
          { "Media-specific data", "dvb-ci.lsc.media_data",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_ip_ver,
          { "IP version", "dvb-ci.lsc.ip_version",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(dvbci_lsc_ip_ver), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_ipv4_addr,
          { "IP address", "dvb-ci.lsc.ipv4_addr",
            FT_IPv4, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_ipv6_addr,
          { "IPv6 address", "dvb-ci.lsc.ipv6_addr",
            FT_IPv6, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_dst_port,
          { "Destination port", "dvb-ci.lsc.dst_port",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_proto,
          { "Protocol", "dvb-ci.lsc.protocol",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_lsc_proto), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_hostname,
          { "Hostname", "dvb-ci.lsc.hostname",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_retry_count,
          { "Retry count", "dvb-ci.lsc.retry_count",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_timeout,
          { "Timeout", "dvb-ci.lsc.timeout",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_conn_state,
          { "Connection state", "dvb-ci.lsc.connection_state",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_lsc_connect), 0xC0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_phys_addr,
          { "Physical address", "dvb-ci.lsc.physical_address",
            FT_ETHER, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_netmask,
          { "Network mask", "dvb-ci.lsc.netmask",
            FT_IPv6, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_gateway,
          { "Default gateway", "dvb-ci.lsc.gateway",
            FT_IPv6, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_dhcp_srv,
          { "DHCP server", "dvb-ci.lsc.dhcp_server",
            FT_IPv6, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_num_dns_srv,
          { "Number of DNS servers", "dvb-ci.lsc.num_dns_srv",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_lsc_dns_srv,
          { "DNS server", "dvb-ci.lsc.dns_server",
            FT_IPv6, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_afs_dom_id,
          { "Domain identifier", "dvb-ci.afs.domain_identifier",
            FT_UINT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_afs_ack_code,
          { "Ack code", "dvb-ci.afs.ack_code",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_afs_ack_code), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        /* filter string for hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_status and
         * hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_info below is the same, it seems this is ok */
        { &hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_status,
          { "Info version", "dvb-ci.opp.info_ver",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0xE0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_nit_ver,
          { "NIT version", "dvb-ci.opp.nit_ver",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x1F, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_pro_typ,
          { "Profile type", "dvb-ci.opp.profile_type",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0xC0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_init_flag,
          { "Initialized flag", "dvb-ci.opp.init_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x20, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ent_chg_flag,
          { "Entitlement change flag", "dvb-ci.opp.ent_chg_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x10, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ent_val_flag,
          { "Entitlement valid flag", "dvb-ci.opp.ent_val_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x08, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ref_req_flag,
          { "Refresh request flag", "dvb-ci.opp.refresh_req_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_opp_ref_req_flag), 0x03, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_err_flag,
          { "Error flag", "dvb-ci.opp.err_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_opp_err_flag), 0xF0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint,
          { "Delivery system hint", "dvb-ci.opp.dlv_sys_hint",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x0F, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_t,
          { "terrestrial network (DVB-T/T2)", "dvb-ci.opp.dlv_sys_hint.t",
             FT_BOOLEAN, 4, TFS(&tfs_set_notset), 0x4, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_s,
          { "satellite network (DVB-S/S2)", "dvb-ci.opp.dlv_sys_hint.s",
             FT_BOOLEAN, 4, TFS(&tfs_set_notset), 0x2, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_dlv_sys_hint_c,
          { "cable network (DVB-C/C2)", "dvb-ci.opp.dlv_sys_hint.c",
             FT_BOOLEAN, 4, TFS(&tfs_set_notset), 0x1, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_refr_req_date,
          { "Refresh request date", "dvb-ci.opp.refresh_req_date",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_refr_req_time,
          { "Refresh request time", "dvb-ci.opp.refresh_req_time",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_nit_loop_len,
          { "NIT loop length", "dvb-ci.opp.nit_loop_len",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_info_valid,
          { "Info valid", "dvb-ci.opp.info_valid",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x08, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_info_ver_op_info,
          { "Info version", "dvb-ci.opp.info_ver",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x07, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cicam_onid,
          { "CICAM original network id", "dvb-ci.opp.cicam_onid",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_cicam_id,
          { "CICAM ID", "dvb-ci.opp.cicam_id",
            FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_opp_char_tbl,
          { "Character table", "dvb-ci.opp.char_tbl",
            FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sdt_rst_trusted,
          { "SDT running status trusted", "dvb-ci.opp.sdt_rst_trusted",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x80, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_eit_rst_trusted,
          { "EIT running status trusted", "dvb-ci.opp.eit_rst_trusted",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x40, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_eit_pf_usage,
          { "EIT present/following usage", "dvb-ci.opp.eit_pf_usage",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_opp_eit_pf_usage), 0x30, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_eit_sch_usage,
          { "EIT schedule usage", "dvb-ci.opp.eit_sch_usage",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_opp_eit_sch_usage), 0x0E, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_ext_evt_usage,
          { "Extended event usage", "dvb-ci.opp.ext_evt_usage",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_opp_ext_evt), 0x01, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sdt_oth_trusted,
          { "SDT_other trusted", "dvb-ci.opp.sdt_oth_trusted",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x80, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_eit_evt_trigger,
          { "EIT event trigger", "dvb-ci.opp.eit_evt_trigger",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x40, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_opp_lang_code,
          { "Language code", "dvb-ci.opp.lang_code",
            FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_prof_name,
          { "Profile name", "dvb-ci.opp.profile_name",
            FT_UINT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_unattended,
          { "Unattended flag", "dvb-ci.opp.unattended_flag",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x80, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_opp_svc_type_loop_len,
          { "Service type loop length", "dvb-ci.opp.svc_type_loop_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x7F, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_opp_svc_type,
          { "Service type", "dvb-ci.opp.service_type", FT_UINT8,
              BASE_HEX|BASE_EXT_STRING, &mpeg_descr_service_type_vals_ext,
              0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_dlv_cap_loop_len,
          { "Delivery capability loop length", "dvb-ci.opp.dlv_cap_loop_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_dlv_cap_byte,
          { "Delivery capability byte", "dvb-ci.opp.dlv_cap_byte",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_opp_dlv_cap), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_app_cap_loop_len,
          { "Application capability loop length", "dvb-ci.opp.app_cap_loop_len",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        /* the CI+ spec is not particularly clear about this but an
         * application id in the capability loop must always be 2 bytes */
        { &hf_dvbci_app_cap_bytes,
          { "Application capability bytes", "dvb-ci.opp.app_cap_bytes",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_HEX|BASE_EXT_STRING,
            &mpeg_descr_data_bcast_id_vals_ext, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_desc_num,
          { "Next unprocessed descriptor number", "dvb-ci.opp.desc_num",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sig_strength,
          { "Signal strength", "dvb-ci.opp.sig_strength",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sig_qual,
          { "Signal quality", "dvb-ci.opp.sig_qual",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_opp_tune_status,
          { "Tuning status", "dvb-ci.opp.tune_status",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, VALS(dvbci_opp_tune_stat), 0xF0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_opp_desc_loop_len,
          { "Descriptor loop length", "dvb-ci.opp.desc_loop_len",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0FFF, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sas_app_id,
          { "Application ID", "dvb-ci.sas.app_id",
            FT_UINT64, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sas_sess_state,
          { "Connection state", "dvb-ci.sas.sess_state",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, VALS(dvbci_sas_sess_state), 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sas_msg_nb,
          { "Message number", "dvb-ci.sas.msg_nb",
            FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        },
        { &hf_dvbci_sas_msg_len,
          { "Message length", "dvb-ci.sas.msg_len",
            FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL }
        }
    };

    static ei_register_info ei[] = {
        { &ei_dvbci_cor_addr,
            { "dvb-ci.cor_address.invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "COR address must not be greater than 0xFFE (DVB-CI spec, A.5.6)",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_buf_size,
            { "dvb-ci.buf_size.invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Illegal buffer size command", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_ml,
            { "dvb-ci.more_last.invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid More/Last indicator, second byte of an LPDU must be 0x80 or 0x00", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_c_tpdu_tag,
            { "dvb-ci.c_tpdu_tag.invalid", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Invalid Command-TPDU tag, see DVB-CI specification, table A.16 for valid values", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_r_tpdu_status_mandatory,
            { "dvb-ci.r_tpdu_status.mandatory", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Response TPDU's status part is missing, RTPDU status is mandatory", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_r_tpdu_tag,
            { "dvb-ci.r_tpdu_tag.invalid", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Invalid Response-TPDU tag, see DVB-CI specification, table A.16 for valid values", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_sb_value,
            { "dvb-ci.sb_value.invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid SB_value, must be 0x00 or 0x80", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_t_c_id,
            { "dvb-ci.t_c_id.invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Transport Connection ID mismatch, tcid is %d in the transport layer and %d in the link layer", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_tpdu_status_tag,
            { "dvb-ci.tpdu.status_tag.invalid", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Invalid status tag, this must always be T_SB (0x80)", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_spdu_tag,
            { "dvb-ci.spdu.invalid_tag", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Invalid SPDU tag, See table 14 in the DVB-CI specification",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_spdu_cam_to_host,
            { "dvb-ci.spdu.cam_to_host", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid SPDU direction, this SPDU must be sent from CAM to host",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_spdu_host_to_cam,
            { "dvb-ci.spdu.host_to_cam", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid SPDU direction, this SPDU must be sent from host to CAM",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_apdu_tag,
            { "dvb-ci.apdu.invalid_tag", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Invalid or unsupported APDU tag", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_apu_cam_to_host,
            { "dvb-ci.apu.cam_to_host", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid APDU direction, this APDU must be sent from CAM to host",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_apu_host_to_cam,
            { "dvb-ci.apu.host_to_cam", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid APDU direction, this APDU must be sent from host to CAM",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_apdu_not_supported,
            { "dvb-ci.apdu.not_supported", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Dissection of this APDU is not supported", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_res_ver,
            { "dvb-ci.apdu.res_ver_old", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid resource version for this apdu", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_res_class,
            { "dvb-ci.apdu.res_class_invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid resource class for this apdu", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_bad_length,
            { "dvb-ci.apdu.bad_length", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Invalid APDU length field, %s must be a multiple of 4 bytes",
                EXPFILL }},
        /* this is used for both MMI and operator profile */
        { &ei_dvbci_invalid_char_tbl,
            { "dvb-ci.apdu.invalid_char_tbl", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Invalid character table", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_no_ca_desc_es,
            { "dvb-ci.ca.no_ca_desc_es", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_CHAT,
                "No CA descriptors for this elementary stream", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_no_ca_desc_prog,
            { "dvb-ci.ca.no_ca_desc_prog", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_CHAT,
                "No CA descriptors at program level", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_ca_pmt_cmd_id,
            { "dvb-ci.ca.ca_pmt_cmd_id.ca_pmt", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "The ca_pmt shall only contain ca descriptors (tag 0x9)",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_time_offs_unknown,
            { "dvb-ci.dt.local_offset_unknown", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_CHAT,
                "Offset between UTC and local time is unknown", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_not_text_more_or_text_last,
            { "dvb-ci.mmi.not_text_more_or_text_last", PI_MALFORMED, PI_ERROR,
                "Items must be text_more() or text_last() objects", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_network_id,
            { "dvb-ci.hc.nid.ignored", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_NOTE,
                "Network ID is usually ignored by hosts", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_cc_pin_nvr_chg,
            { "dvb-ci.cc.pin_never_changed", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_CHAT,
                "CICAM PIN has never been changed", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_pin_evt_cent,
            { "dvb-ci.cc.pin_event_time_centi.invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid value for event time centiseconds, Value must be between 0 and 100",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_sac_payload_enc,
            { "dvb-ci.cc.sac.payload_enc.clear", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_NOTE,
                "The original PDU was encrypted, this exported PDU is in the clear",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_sig_qual,
            { "dvb-ci.opp.sig_qual.invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "Invalid value for signal strength / signal quality, values are in percent (0 to 100)",
                EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_cicam_nit_table_id,
            { "dvb-ci.opp.cicam_nit_table_id_invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "CICAM NIT must have table id 0x40 (NIT actual)", EXPFILL }},
        { &ei_dvbci_cup_progress,
            { "dvb-ci.cup.progress_invalid", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN,
                "progress is in percent, value must be between 0 and 100",
                EXPFILL }},
    };

    spdu_table = g_hash_table_new(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal);
    for(i=0; i<array_length(spdu_info); i++) {
        g_hash_table_insert(spdu_table,
                            GUINT_TO_POINTER((unsigned)spdu_info[i].tag),
                            (void *)(&spdu_info[i]));
    }

    apdu_table = g_hash_table_new(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal);
    for(i=0; i<array_length(apdu_info); i++) {
        g_hash_table_insert(apdu_table,
                            GUINT_TO_POINTER((unsigned)apdu_info[i].tag),
                            (void *)(&apdu_info[i]));
    }

    proto_dvbci = proto_register_protocol("DVB Common Interface", "DVB-CI", "dvb-ci");
    proto_register_field_array(proto_dvbci, hf, array_length(hf));
    proto_register_subtree_array(ett, array_length(ett));
    expert_dvbci = expert_register_protocol(proto_dvbci);
    expert_register_field_array(expert_dvbci, ei, array_length(ei));

    dvbci_module = prefs_register_protocol(proto_dvbci, proto_reg_handoff_dvbci);
    prefs_register_string_preference(dvbci_module,
            "sek", "SAC Encryption Key", "SAC Encryption Key (16 hex bytes)",
            &dvbci_sek);
    prefs_register_string_preference(dvbci_module,
            "siv", "SAC Init Vector", "SAC Init Vector (16 hex bytes)",
            &dvbci_siv);
    prefs_register_bool_preference(dvbci_module,
            "dissect_lsc_msg",
            "Dissect LSC messages",
            "Dissect the content of messages transmitted "
                "on the Low-Speed Communication resource. "
                "This requires a dissector for the protocol and target port "
                "contained in the connection descriptor.",
            &dvbci_dissect_lsc_msg);

    sas_msg_dissector_table = register_dissector_table("dvb-ci.sas.app_id_str",
                "SAS application id", proto_dvbci, FT_STRING, STRING_CASE_SENSITIVE);

    register_init_routine(dvbci_init);
    reassembly_table_register(&tpdu_reassembly_table,
                          &addresses_reassembly_table_functions);
    reassembly_table_register(&spdu_reassembly_table,
                          &addresses_reassembly_table_functions);


    /* the dissector for decrypted CI+ SAC messages which we can export */
    register_dissector_with_description(EXPORTED_SAC_MSG_PROTO,
        EXPORTED_SAC_MSG_DESCRIPTION,
        dissect_dvbci_exported_sac_msg, proto_dvbci);

    exported_pdu_tap = register_export_pdu_tap("DVB-CI");

    register_shutdown_routine(dvbci_shutdown);

    dvbci_handle = register_dissector("dvb-ci", dissect_dvbci, proto_dvbci);
}


void
proto_reg_handoff_dvbci(void)
{
    static bool initialized = false;

    if (!initialized) {
        dissector_add_uint("wtap_encap", WTAP_ENCAP_DVBCI, dvbci_handle);

        data_handle = find_dissector("data");
        mpeg_pmt_handle = find_dissector_add_dependency("mpeg_pmt", proto_dvbci);
        dvb_nit_handle = find_dissector_add_dependency("dvb_nit", proto_dvbci);
        mime_handle = find_dissector_add_dependency("mime_dlt", proto_dvbci);
        tcp_dissector_table = find_dissector_table("tcp.port");
        udp_dissector_table = find_dissector_table("udp.port");
        initialized = true;
    }

    g_free(dvbci_sek_bin);
    g_free(dvbci_siv_bin);
    pref_key_string_to_bin(dvbci_sek, &dvbci_sek_bin);
    pref_key_string_to_bin(dvbci_siv, &dvbci_siv_bin);
}

/*
 * Editor modelines  -  https://www.wireshark.org/tools/modelines.html
 *
 * Local variables:
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * tab-width: 8
 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
 * End:
 *
 * vi: set shiftwidth=4 tabstop=8 expandtab:
 * :indentSize=4:tabSize=8:noTabs=true:
 */