summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/test/lua/pcap_file.lua
blob: b949a38717dba4c114bae5878b107411bf4fa735 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
-- pcap_file_reader.lua
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--[[
    This is a Wireshark Lua-based pcap capture file reader.
    Author: Hadriel Kaplan

    This "capture file" reader reads pcap files - the old style ones. Don't expect this to
    be as good as the real thing; this is a simplistic implementation to show how to
    create such file readers, and for testing purposes.

    This script requires Wireshark v1.12 or newer.
--]]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- do not modify this table
local debug = {
    DISABLED = 0,
    LEVEL_1  = 1,
    LEVEL_2  = 2
}

-- set this DEBUG to debug.LEVEL_1 to enable printing debug info
-- set it to debug.LEVEL_2 to enable really verbose printing
local DEBUG = debug.LEVEL_1


local wireshark_name = "Wireshark"
if not GUI_ENABLED then
    wireshark_name = "Tshark"
end

-- verify Wireshark is new enough
local major, minor, micro = get_version():match("(%d+)%.(%d+)%.(%d+)")
if major and tonumber(major) <= 1 and ((tonumber(minor) <= 10) or (tonumber(minor) == 11 and tonumber(micro) < 3)) then
        error(  "Sorry, but your " .. wireshark_name .. " version (" .. get_version() .. ") is too old for this script!\n" ..
                "This script needs " .. wireshark_name .. "version 1.12 or higher.\n" )
end

-- verify we have the Struct library in wireshark
-- technically we should be able to do this with 'require', but Struct is a built-in
assert(Struct.unpack, wireshark_name .. " does not have the Struct library!")

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- early definitions
-- throughout most of this file I try to pre-declare things to help ease
-- reading it and following the logic flow, but some things just have to be done
-- before others, so this sections has such things that cannot be avoided
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- first some variable declarations for functions we'll define later
local parse_file_header, parse_rec_header, read_common

-- these will be set inside of parse_file_header(), but we're declaring them up here
local default_settings =
{
    debug           = DEBUG,
    corrected_magic = 0xa1b2c3d4,
    version_major   = 2,
    version_minor   = 4,
    timezone        = 0,
    sigfigs         = 0,
    read_snaplen    = 0, -- the snaplen we read from file
    snaplen         = 0, -- the snaplen we use (limited by WTAP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE)
    linktype        = -1, -- the raw linktype number in the file header
    wtap_type       = wtap_encaps.UNKNOWN, -- the mapped internal wtap number based on linktype
    endianess       = ENC_BIG_ENDIAN,
    time_precision  = wtap_tsprecs.USEC,
    rec_hdr_len     = 16,            -- default size of record header
    rec_hdr_patt    = "I4 I4 I4 I4", -- pattern for Struct to use
    num_rec_fields  = 4,             -- number of vars in pattern
}

local dprint = function() end
local dprint2 = function() end
local function reset_debug()
    if default_settings.debug > debug.DISABLED then
        dprint = function(...)
            print(table.concat({"Lua:", ...}," "))
        end

        if default_settings.debug > debug.LEVEL_1 then
            dprint2 = dprint
        end
    end
end
-- call it now
reset_debug()

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- file reader handling functions for Wireshark to use
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------
-- The read_open() is called by Wireshark once per file, to see if the file is this reader's type.
-- Wireshark passes in (1) a File object and (2) CaptureInfo object to this function
-- It expects in return either nil or false to mean it's not our file type, or true if it is
-- In our case what this means is we figure out if the file has the magic header, and get the
-- endianess of the file, and the encapsulation type of its frames/records
local function read_open(file, capture)
    dprint2("read_open() called")

    local file_settings = parse_file_header(file)

    if file_settings then

        dprint2("read_open: success, file is for us")

        -- save our state
        capture.private_table = file_settings

        -- if the file is for us, we MUST set the file position cursor to
        -- where we want the first call to read() function to get it the next time
        -- for example if we checked a few records to be sure it's or type
        -- but in this simple example we only verify the file header (24 bytes)
        -- and we want the file position to remain after that header for our read()
        -- call, so we don't change it back
        --file:seek("set",position)

        -- these we can also set per record later during read operations
        capture.time_precision  = file_settings.time_precision
        capture.encap           = file_settings.wtap_type
        capture.snapshot_length = file_settings.snaplen

        return true
    end

    dprint2("read_open: file not for us")

    -- if it's not for us, wireshark will reset the file position itself

    return false
end

----------------------------------------
-- Wireshark/tshark calls read() for each frame/record in the file
-- It passes in (1) a File, (2) CaptureInfo, and (3) FrameInfo object to this function
-- It expects in return the file offset position the record starts at,
-- or nil/false if there's an error or end-of-file is reached.
-- The offset position is used later: wireshark remembers it and gives
-- it to seek_read() at various random times
local function read(file, capture, frame)
    dprint2("read() called")

    -- call our common reader function
    local position = file:seek()

    if not read_common("read", file, capture, frame) then
        -- this isnt' actually an error, because it might just mean we reached end-of-file
        -- so let's test for that (read(0) is a special case in Lua, see Lua docs)
        if file:read(0) ~= nil then
            dprint("read: failed to call read_common")
        else
            dprint2("read: reached end of file")
        end
        return false
    end

    dprint2("read: succeess")

    -- return the position we got to (or nil if we hit EOF/error)
    return position
end

----------------------------------------
-- Wireshark/tshark calls seek_read() for each frame/record in the file, at random times
-- It passes in (1) a File, (2) CaptureInfo, (3) FrameInfo object, and the offset position number
-- It expects in return true for successful parsing, or nil/false if there's an error.
local function seek_read(file, capture, frame, offset)
    dprint2("seek_read() called")

    -- first move to the right position in the file
    file:seek("set",offset)

    if not read_common("seek_read", file, capture, frame) then
        dprint("seek_read: failed to call read_common")
        return false
    end

    return true
end

----------------------------------------
-- Wireshark/tshark calls read_close() when it's closing the file completely
-- It passes in (1) a File and (2) CaptureInfo object to this function
-- this is a good opportunity to clean up any state you may have created during
-- file reading. (in our case there's no real state)
local function read_close(file, capture)
    dprint2("read_close() called")
    -- we don't really have to reset anything, because we used the
    -- capture.private_table and wireshark clears it for us after this function
    return true
end

----------------------------------------
-- An often unused function, Wireshark calls this when the sequential walk-through is over
-- (i.e., no more calls to read(), only to seek_read()).
-- It passes in (1) a File and (2) CaptureInfo object to this function
-- This gives you a chance to clean up any state you used during read() calls, but remember
-- that there will be calls to seek_read() after this (in Wireshark, though not Tshark)
local function seq_read_close(file, capture)
    dprint2("First pass of read() calls are over, but there may be seek_read() calls after this")
    return true
end

----------------------------------------
-- ok, so let's create a FileHandler object
local fh = FileHandler.new("Lua-based PCAP reader", "lua_pcap", "A Lua-based file reader for PCAP-type files","rms")

-- set above functions to the FileHandler
fh.read_open = read_open
fh.read = read
fh.seek_read = seek_read
fh.read_close = read_close
fh.seq_read_close = seq_read_close
fh.extensions = "pcap;cap" -- this is just a hint

-- and finally, register the FileHandler!
register_filehandler(fh)

dprint2("FileHandler registered")

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- ok now for the boring stuff that actually does the work
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------
-- in Lua, we have access to encapsulation types in the 'wtap_encaps' table, but
-- those numbers don't actually necessarily match the numbers in pcap files
-- for the encapsulation type, because the namespace got screwed up at some
-- point in the past (blame LBL NRG, not wireshark for that)
-- but I'm not going to create the full mapping of these two namespaces
-- instead we'll just use this smaller table to map them
-- these are taken from wiretap/pcap-common.c
local pcap2wtap = {
    [0]   = wtap_encaps.NULL,
    [1]   = wtap_encaps.ETHERNET,
    [6]   = wtap_encaps.TOKEN_RING,
    [8]   = wtap_encaps.SLIP,
    [9]   = wtap_encaps.PPP,
    [101] = wtap_encaps.RAW_IP,
    [105] = wtap_encaps.IEEE_802_11,
    [127] = wtap_encaps.IEEE_802_11_RADIOTAP,
    [140] = wtap_encaps.MTP2,
    [141] = wtap_encaps.MTP3,
    [143] = wtap_encaps.DOCSIS,
    [147] = wtap_encaps.USER0,
    [148] = wtap_encaps.USER1,
    [149] = wtap_encaps.USER2,
    [150] = wtap_encaps.USER3,
    [151] = wtap_encaps.USER4,
    [152] = wtap_encaps.USER5,
    [153] = wtap_encaps.USER6,
    [154] = wtap_encaps.USER7,
    [155] = wtap_encaps.USER8,
    [156] = wtap_encaps.USER9,
    [157] = wtap_encaps.USER10,
    [158] = wtap_encaps.USER11,
    [159] = wtap_encaps.USER12,
    [160] = wtap_encaps.USER13,
    [161] = wtap_encaps.USER14,
    [162] = wtap_encaps.USER15,
    [186] = wtap_encaps.USB,
    [187] = wtap_encaps.BLUETOOTH_H4,
    [189] = wtap_encaps.USB_LINUX,
    [195] = wtap_encaps.IEEE802_15_4,
}

-- we can use the above to directly map very quickly
-- but to map it backwards we'll use this, because I'm lazy:
local function wtap2pcap(encap)
    for k,v in pairs(pcap2wtap) do
        if v == encap then
            return k
        end
    end
    return 0
end

----------------------------------------
-- here are the "structs" we're going to parse, of the various records in a pcap file
-- these pattern string gets used in calls to Struct.unpack()
--
-- we will prepend a '<' or '>' later, once we figure out what endian-ess the files are in
--
-- this is a constant for minimum we need to read before we figure out the filetype
local FILE_HDR_LEN = 24
-- a pcap file header struct
-- this is: magic, version_major, version_minor, timezone, sigfigs, snaplen, encap type
local FILE_HEADER_PATT = "I4 I2 I2 i4 I4 I4 I4"
-- it's too bad Struct doesn't have a way to get the number of vars the pattern holds
-- another thing to add to my to-do list?
local NUM_HDR_FIELDS = 7

-- these will hold the '<'/'>' prepended version of above
--local file_header, rec_header

-- snaplen/caplen can't be bigger than this
local WTAP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 65535

----------------------------------------
-- different pcap file types have different magic values
-- we need to know various things about them for various functions
-- in this script, so this table holds all the info
--
-- See default_settings table above for the defaults used if this table
-- doesn't override them.
--
-- Arguably, these magic types represent different "Protocols" to dissect later,
-- but this script treats them all as "pcapfile" protocol.
--
-- From this table, we'll auto-create a value-string table for file header magic field
local magic_spells =
{
    normal =
    {
        magic = 0xa1b2c3d4,
        name  = "Normal (Big-endian)",
    },
    swapped =
    {
        magic = 0xd4c3b2a1,
        name  = "Swapped Normal (Little-endian)",
        endianess = ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
    },
    modified =
    {
        -- this is for a ss991029 patched format only
        magic = 0xa1b2cd34,
        name  = "Modified",
        rec_hdr_len    = 24,
        rec_hdr_patt   = "I4I4I4I4 I4 I2 I1 I1",
        num_rec_fields = 8,
    },
    swapped_modified =
    {
        -- this is for a ss991029 patched format only
        magic = 0x34cdb2a1,
        name  = "Swapped Modified",
        rec_hdr_len    = 24,
        rec_hdr_patt   = "I4I4I4I4 I4 I2 I1 I1",
        num_rec_fields = 8,
        endianess = ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
    },
    nsecs =
    {
        magic = 0xa1b23c4d,
        name  = "Nanosecond",
        time_precision = wtap_filetypes.TSPREC_NSEC,
    },
    swapped_nsecs =
    {
        magic = 0x4d3cb2a1,
        name  = "Swapped Nanosecond",
        endianess      = ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
        time_precision = wtap_filetypes.TSPREC_NSEC,
    },
}

-- create a magic-to-spell entry table from above magic_spells table
-- so we can find them faster during file read operations
-- we could just add them right back into spells table, but this is cleaner
local magic_values = {}
for k,t in pairs(magic_spells) do
    magic_values[t.magic] = t
end

-- the function which makes a copy of the default settings per file
local function new_settings()
    dprint2("creating new file_settings")
    local file_settings = {}
    for k,v in pairs(default_settings) do
        file_settings[k] = v
    end
    return file_settings
end

-- set the file_settings that the magic value defines in magic_values
local function set_magic_file_settings(magic)
    local t = magic_values[magic]
    if not t then
        dprint("set_magic_file_settings: did not find magic settings for:",magic)
        return false
    end

    local file_settings = new_settings()

    -- the magic_values/spells table uses the same key names, so this is easy
    for k,v in pairs(t) do
        file_settings[k] = v
    end

    -- based on endianess, set the file_header and rec_header
    -- and determine corrected_magic
    if file_settings.endianess == ENC_BIG_ENDIAN then
        file_settings.file_hdr_patt = '>' .. FILE_HEADER_PATT
        file_settings.rec_hdr_patt  = '>' .. file_settings.rec_hdr_patt
        file_settings.corrected_magic = magic
    else
        file_settings.file_hdr_patt = '<' .. FILE_HEADER_PATT
        file_settings.rec_hdr_patt  = '<' .. file_settings.rec_hdr_patt
        local m = Struct.pack(">I4", magic)
        file_settings.corrected_magic = Struct.unpack("<I4", m)
    end

    file_settings.rec_hdr_len = Struct.size(file_settings.rec_hdr_patt)

    return file_settings
end

----------------------------------------
-- internal functions declared previously
----------------------------------------

----------------------------------------
-- used by read_open(), this parses the file header
parse_file_header = function(file)
    dprint2("parse_file_header() called")

    -- by default, file:read() gets the next "string", meaning ending with a newline \n
    -- but we want raw byte reads, so tell it how many bytes to read
    local line = file:read(FILE_HDR_LEN)

    -- it's ok for us to not be able to read it, but we need to tell wireshark the
    -- file's not for us, so return false
    if not line then return false end

    dprint2("parse_file_header: got this line:\n'", Struct.tohex(line,false,":"), "'")

    -- let's peek at the magic int32, assuming it's big-endian
    local magic = Struct.unpack(">I4", line)

    local file_settings = set_magic_file_settings(magic)

    if not file_settings then
        dprint("magic was: '", magic, "', so not a known pcap file?")
        return false
    end

    -- this is: magic, version_major, version_minor, timezone, sigfigs, snaplen, encap type
    local fields = { Struct.unpack(file_settings.file_hdr_patt, line) }

    -- sanity check; also note that Struct.unpack() returns the fields plus
    -- a number of where in the line it stopped reading (i.e., the end in this case)
    -- so we got back number of fields + 1
    if #fields ~= NUM_HDR_FIELDS + 1 then
        -- this should never happen, since we already told file:read() to grab enough bytes
        dprint("parse_file_header: failed to read the file header")
        return nil
    end

    -- fields[1] is the magic, which we already parsed and saved before, but just to be sure
    -- our endianess is set right, we validate what we got is what we expect now that
    -- endianess has been corrected
    if fields[1] ~= file_settings.corrected_magic then
        dprint ("parse_file_header: endianess screwed up? Got:'", fields[1],
                "', but wanted:", file_settings.corrected_magic)
        return nil
    end

    file_settings.version_major = fields[2]
    file_settings.version_minor = fields[3]
    file_settings.timezone      = fields[4]
    file_settings.sigfigs       = fields[5]
    file_settings.read_snaplen  = fields[6]
    file_settings.linktype      = fields[7]

    -- wireshark only supports version 2.0 and later
    if fields[2] < 2 then
        dprint("got version =",VERSION_MAJOR,"but only version 2 or greater supported")
        return false
    end

    -- convert pcap file interface type to wtap number type
    file_settings.wtap_type = pcap2wtap[file_settings.linktype]
    if not file_settings.wtap_type then
        dprint("file nettype", file_settings.linktype,
               "couldn't be mapped to wireshark wtap type")
        return false
    end

    file_settings.snaplen = file_settings.read_snaplen
    if file_settings.snaplen > WTAP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE then
        file_settings.snaplen = WTAP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE
    end

    dprint2("read_file_header: got magic='", magic,
            "', major version='", file_settings.version_major,
            "', minor='", file_settings.version_minor,
            "', timezone='", file_settings.timezone,
            "', sigfigs='", file_settings.sigfigs,
            "', read_snaplen='", file_settings.read_snaplen,
            "', snaplen='", file_settings.snaplen,
            "', nettype ='", file_settings.linktype,
            "', wtap ='", file_settings.wtap_type)

    --ok, it's a pcap file
    dprint2("parse_file_header: success")
    return file_settings
end

----------------------------------------
-- this is used by both read() and seek_read()
-- the calling function to this should have already set the file position correctly
read_common = function(funcname, file, capture, frame)
    dprint2(funcname,": read_common() called")

    -- get the state info
    local file_settings = capture.private_table

    -- first parse the record header, which will set the FrameInfo fields
    if not parse_rec_header(funcname, file, file_settings, frame) then
        dprint2(funcname, ": read_common: hit end of file or error")
        return false
    end

    frame.encap = file_settings.wtap_type

    -- now we need to get the packet bytes from the file record into the frame...
    -- we *could* read them into a string using file:read(numbytes), and then
    -- set them to frame.data so that wireshark gets it...
    -- but that would mean the packet's string would be copied into Lua
    -- and then sent right back into wireshark, which is gonna slow things
    -- down; instead FrameInfo has a read_data() method, which makes
    -- wireshark read directly from the file into the frame buffer, so we use that
    if not frame:read_data(file, frame.captured_length) then
        dprint(funcname, ": read_common: failed to read data from file into buffer")
        return false
    end

    return true
end

----------------------------------------
-- the function to parse individual records
parse_rec_header = function(funcname, file, file_settings, frame)
    dprint2(funcname,": parse_rec_header() called")

    local line = file:read(file_settings.rec_hdr_len)

    -- it's ok for us to not be able to read it, if it's end of file
    if not line then return false end

    -- this is: time_sec, time_usec, capture_len, original_len
    local fields = { Struct.unpack(file_settings.rec_hdr_patt, line) }

    -- sanity check; also note that Struct.unpack() returns the fields plus
    -- a number of where in the line it stopped reading (i.e., the end in this case)
    -- so we got back number of fields + 1
    if #fields ~= file_settings.num_rec_fields + 1 then
        dprint(funcname, ": parse_rec_header: failed to read the record header, got:",
               #fields, ", expected:", file_settings.num_rec_fields)
        return nil
    end

    local nsecs = fields[2]

    if file_settings.time_precision == wtap_filetypes.TSPREC_USEC then
        nsecs = nsecs * 1000
    elseif file_settings.time_precision == wtap_filetypes.TSPREC_MSEC then
        nsecs = nsecs * 1000000
    end

    frame.time = NSTime(fields[1], nsecs)

    local caplen, origlen = fields[3], fields[4]

    -- sanity check, verify captured length isn't more than original length
    if caplen > origlen then
        dprint("captured length of", caplen, "is bigger than original length of", origlen)
        -- swap them, a cool Lua ability
        caplen, origlen = origlen, caplen
    end

    if caplen > WTAP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE then
        dprint("Got a captured_length of", caplen, "which is too big")
        caplen = WTAP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE
    end

    frame.rec_type = wtap_rec_types.PACKET

    frame.captured_length = caplen
    frame.original_length = origlen

    frame.flags = wtap_presence_flags.TS + wtap_presence_flags.CAP_LEN -- for timestamp|cap_len

    dprint2(funcname,": parse_rec_header() returning")
    return true
end



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- file writer handling functions for Wireshark to use
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- file encaps we can handle writing
local canwrite = {
    [ wtap_encaps.NULL ]        = true,
    [ wtap_encaps.ETHERNET ]    = true,
    [ wtap_encaps.PPP ]         = true,
    [ wtap_encaps.RAW_IP ]      = true,
    [ wtap_encaps.IEEE_802_11 ] = true,
    [ wtap_encaps.MTP2 ]        = true,
    [ wtap_encaps.MTP3 ]        = true,
    -- etc., etc.
}

-- we can't reuse the variables we used in the reader, because this script might be used to both
-- open a file for reading and write it out, at the same time, so we cerate another file_settings
-- instance.
-- set the file_settings for the little-endian version in magic_spells
local function create_writer_file_settings()
    dprint2("create_writer_file_settings called")
    local t = magic_spells.swapped

    local file_settings = new_settings()

    -- the magic_values/spells table uses the same key names, so this is easy
    for k,v in pairs(t) do
        file_settings[k] = v
    end

    -- based on endianess, set the file_header and rec_header
    -- and determine corrected_magic
    if file_settings.endianess == ENC_BIG_ENDIAN then
        file_settings.file_hdr_patt = '>' .. FILE_HEADER_PATT
        file_settings.rec_hdr_patt  = '>' .. file_settings.rec_hdr_patt
        file_settings.corrected_magic = file_settings.magic
    else
        file_settings.file_hdr_patt = '<' .. FILE_HEADER_PATT
        file_settings.rec_hdr_patt  = '<' .. file_settings.rec_hdr_patt
        local m = Struct.pack(">I4", file_settings.magic)
        file_settings.corrected_magic = Struct.unpack("<I4", m)
    end

    file_settings.rec_hdr_len = Struct.size(file_settings.rec_hdr_patt)

    return file_settings
end

----------------------------------------
-- The can_write_encap() function is called by Wireshark when it wants to write out a file,
-- and needs to see if this file writer can handle the packet types in the window.
-- We need to return true if we can handle it, else false
local function can_write_encap(encap)
    dprint2("can_write_encap() called with encap=",encap)
    return canwrite[encap] or false
end

local function write_open(file, capture)
    dprint2("write_open() called")

    local file_settings = create_writer_file_settings()

    -- write out file header
    local hdr = Struct.pack(file_settings.file_hdr_patt,
                            file_settings.corrected_magic,
                            file_settings.version_major,
                            file_settings.version_minor,
                            file_settings.timezone,
                            file_settings.sigfigs,
                            capture.snapshot_length,
                            wtap2pcap(capture.encap))

    if not hdr then
        dprint("write_open: error generating file header")
        return false
    end

    dprint2("write_open generating:", Struct.tohex(hdr))

    if not file:write(hdr) then
        dprint("write_open: error writing file header to file")
        return false
    end

    -- save settings
    capture.private_table = file_settings

    return true
end

local function write(file, capture, frame)
    dprint2("write() called")

    -- get file settings
    local file_settings = capture.private_table
    if not file_settings then
        dprint("write() failed to get private table file settings")
        return false
    end

    -- write out record header: time_sec, time_usec, capture_len, original_len

    -- first get times
    local nstime = frame.time

    -- pcap format is in usecs, but wireshark's internal is nsecs
    local nsecs = nstime.nsecs

    if file_settings.time_precision == wtap_filetypes.TSPREC_USEC then
        nsecs = nsecs / 1000
    elseif file_settings.time_precision == wtap_filetypes.TSPREC_MSEC then
        nsecs = nsecs / 1000000
    end

    local hdr = Struct.pack(file_settings.rec_hdr_patt,
                            nstime.secs,
                            nsecs,
                            frame.captured_length,
                            frame.original_length)

    if not hdr then
        dprint("write: error generating record header")
        return false
    end

    if not file:write(hdr) then
        dprint("write: error writing record header to file")
        return false
    end

    -- we could write the packet data the same way, by getting frame.data and writing it out
    -- but we can avoid copying those bytes into Lua by using the write_data() function
    if not frame:write_data(file) then
        dprint("write: error writing record data to file")
        return false
    end

    return true
end

local function write_close(file, capture)
    dprint2("write_close() called")
    dprint2("Good night, and good luck")
    return true
end

-- ok, so let's create another FileHandler object
local fh2 = FileHandler.new("Lua-based PCAP writer", "lua_pcap2", "A Lua-based file writer for PCAP-type files","wms")

-- set above functions to the FileHandler
fh2.can_write_encap = can_write_encap
fh2.write_open = write_open
fh2.write = write
fh2.write_close = write_close
fh2.extensions = "pcap;cap" -- this is just a hint

-- and finally, register the FileHandler!
register_filehandler(fh2)

dprint2("Second FileHandler registered")