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diff --git a/m4/intl-thread-locale.m4 b/m4/intl-thread-locale.m4
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/m4/intl-thread-locale.m4
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+# intl-thread-locale.m4 serial 4
+dnl Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+dnl
+dnl This file can be used in projects which are not available under
+dnl the GNU General Public License or the GNU Library General Public
+dnl License but which still want to provide support for the GNU gettext
+dnl functionality.
+dnl Please note that the actual code of the GNU gettext library is covered
+dnl by the GNU Library General Public License, and the rest of the GNU
+dnl gettext package is covered by the GNU General Public License.
+dnl They are *not* in the public domain.
+
+dnl Check how to retrieve the name of a per-thread locale (POSIX locale_t).
+dnl Sets gt_nameless_locales.
+AC_DEFUN([gt_INTL_THREAD_LOCALE_NAME],
+[
+  AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST]) dnl for cross-compiles
+
+  dnl Persuade Solaris <locale.h> to define 'locale_t'.
+  AC_REQUIRE([AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS])
+
+  dnl Test whether uselocale() exists and works at all.
+  gt_FUNC_USELOCALE
+
+  dnl On OpenBSD >= 6.2, the locale_t type and the uselocale(), newlocale(),
+  dnl duplocale(), freelocale() functions exist but are effectively useless,
+  dnl because the locale_t value depends only on the LC_CTYPE category of the
+  dnl locale and furthermore contains only one bit of information (it
+  dnl distinguishes the "C" locale from the *.UTF-8 locales). See
+  dnl <https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/src/lib/libc/locale/newlocale.c?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup>.
+  dnl In the setlocale() implementation they have thought about the programs
+  dnl that use the API ("Even though only LC_CTYPE has any effect in the
+  dnl OpenBSD base system, store complete information about the global locale,
+  dnl such that third-party software can access it"), but for uselocale()
+  dnl they did not think about the programs.
+  dnl In this situation, even the HAVE_NAMELESS_LOCALES support does not work.
+  dnl So, define HAVE_FAKE_LOCALES and disable all locale_t support.
+  case "$gt_cv_func_uselocale_works" in
+    *yes)
+      AC_CHECK_HEADERS_ONCE([xlocale.h])
+      AC_CACHE_CHECK([for fake locale system (OpenBSD)],
+        [gt_cv_locale_fake],
+        [AC_RUN_IFELSE(
+           [AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <locale.h>
+#if HAVE_XLOCALE_H
+# include <xlocale.h>
+#endif
+int main ()
+{
+  locale_t loc1, loc2;
+  if (setlocale (LC_ALL, "de_DE.UTF-8") == NULL) return 1;
+  if (setlocale (LC_ALL, "fr_FR.UTF-8") == NULL) return 1;
+  loc1 = newlocale (LC_ALL_MASK, "de_DE.UTF-8", (locale_t)0);
+  loc2 = newlocale (LC_ALL_MASK, "fr_FR.UTF-8", (locale_t)0);
+  return !(loc1 == loc2);
+}]])],
+           [gt_cv_locale_fake=yes],
+           [gt_cv_locale_fake=no],
+           [dnl Guess the locale system is fake only on OpenBSD.
+            case "$host_os" in
+              openbsd*) gt_cv_locale_fake="guessing yes" ;;
+              *)        gt_cv_locale_fake="guessing no" ;;
+            esac
+           ])
+        ])
+      ;;
+    *) gt_cv_locale_fake=no ;;
+  esac
+  case "$gt_cv_locale_fake" in
+    *yes)
+      AC_DEFINE([HAVE_FAKE_LOCALES], [1],
+        [Define if the locale_t type contains insufficient information, as on OpenBSD.])
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  case "$gt_cv_func_uselocale_works" in
+    *yes)
+      AC_CACHE_CHECK([for Solaris 11.4 locale system],
+        [gt_cv_locale_solaris114],
+        [case "$host_os" in
+           solaris*)
+             dnl Test whether <locale.h> defines locale_t as a typedef of
+             dnl 'struct _LC_locale_t **' (whereas Illumos defines it as a
+             dnl typedef of 'struct _locale *').
+             dnl Another possible test would be to include <sys/localedef.h>
+             dnl and test whether it defines the _LC_core_data_locale_t type.
+             dnl This type was added in Solaris 11.4.
+             AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
+               [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+                  #include <locale.h>
+                  struct _LC_locale_t *x;
+                  locale_t y;
+                ]],
+                [[*y = x;]])],
+               [gt_cv_locale_solaris114=yes],
+               [gt_cv_locale_solaris114=no])
+             ;;
+           *) gt_cv_locale_solaris114=no ;;
+         esac
+        ])
+      ;;
+    *) gt_cv_locale_solaris114=no ;;
+  esac
+  if test $gt_cv_locale_solaris114 = yes; then
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_SOLARIS114_LOCALES], [1],
+      [Define if the locale_t type is as on Solaris 11.4.])
+  fi
+
+  dnl Solaris 12 will maybe provide getlocalename_l.  If it does, it will
+  dnl improve the implementation of gl_locale_name_thread(), by removing
+  dnl the use of undocumented structures.
+  case "$gt_cv_func_uselocale_works" in
+    *yes)
+      AC_CHECK_FUNCS([getlocalename_l])
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  dnl This code is for future use, in case we some day have to port to a
+  dnl platform where the locale_t type does not provide access to the name of
+  dnl each locale category.  This code has the drawback that it requires the
+  dnl gnulib overrides of 'newlocale', 'duplocale', 'freelocale', which is a
+  dnl problem for GNU libunistring.  Therefore try hard to avoid enabling this
+  dnl code!
+  gt_nameless_locales=no
+  if false; then
+    gt_nameless_locales=yes
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_NAMELESS_LOCALES], [1],
+      [Define if the locale_t type does not contain the name of each locale category.])
+  fi
+])
+
+dnl Tests whether uselocale() exists and is usable.
+dnl Sets gt_cv_func_uselocale_works. Defines HAVE_WORKING_USELOCALE.
+AC_DEFUN([gt_FUNC_USELOCALE],
+[
+  AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST]) dnl for cross-compiles
+
+  dnl Persuade Solaris <locale.h> to define 'locale_t'.
+  AC_REQUIRE([AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS])
+
+  AC_CHECK_FUNCS_ONCE([uselocale])
+
+  dnl On AIX 7.2, the uselocale() function is not documented and leads to
+  dnl crashes in subsequent setlocale() invocations.
+  if test $ac_cv_func_uselocale = yes; then
+    AC_CHECK_HEADERS_ONCE([xlocale.h])
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether uselocale works],
+      [gt_cv_func_uselocale_works],
+      [AC_RUN_IFELSE(
+         [AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <locale.h>
+#if HAVE_XLOCALE_H
+# include <xlocale.h>
+#endif
+int main ()
+{
+  uselocale (NULL);
+  setlocale (LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8");
+  return 0;
+}]])],
+         [gt_cv_func_uselocale_works=yes],
+         [gt_cv_func_uselocale_works=no],
+         [# Guess no on AIX, yes otherwise.
+          case "$host_os" in
+            aix*) gt_cv_func_uselocale_works="guessing no" ;;
+            *)    gt_cv_func_uselocale_works="guessing yes" ;;
+          esac
+         ])
+      ])
+  else
+    gt_cv_func_uselocale_works=no
+  fi
+  case "$gt_cv_func_uselocale_works" in
+    *yes)
+      AC_DEFINE([HAVE_WORKING_USELOCALE], [1],
+        [Define if the uselocale function exists any may safely be called.])
+      ;;
+  esac
+])