Adding upstream version 252.22.upstream/252.22

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 6505 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/load-fragment.c b/src/core/load-fragment.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1001faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/load-fragment.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6505 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+/***
+  Copyright © 2012 Holger Hans Peter Freyther
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/oom.h>
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include <seccomp.h>
+#endif
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#include "sd-messages.h"
+
+#include "af-list.h"
+#include "all-units.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bpf-firewall.h"
+#include "bpf-lsm.h"
+#include "bpf-program.h"
+#include "bpf-socket-bind.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-internal.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "cap-list.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
+#include "cgroup-setup.h"
+#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "core-varlink.h"
+#include "cpu-set-util.h"
+#include "creds-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "ioprio-util.h"
+#include "ip-protocol-list.h"
+#include "journal-file.h"
+#include "limits-util.h"
+#include "load-fragment.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "missing_ioprio.h"
+#include "mountpoint-util.h"
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "parse-helpers.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "percent-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include "seccomp-util.h"
+#endif
+#include "securebits-util.h"
+#include "selinux-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "socket-netlink.h"
+#include "specifier.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "syslog-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+#include "unit-printf.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "web-util.h"
+
+static int parse_socket_protocol(const char *s) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_ip_protocol(s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!IN_SET(r, IPPROTO_UDPLITE, IPPROTO_SCTP))
+                return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int parse_crash_chvt(const char *value, int *data) {
+        int b;
+
+        if (safe_atoi(value, data) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        b = parse_boolean(value);
+        if (b < 0)
+                return b;
+
+        if (b > 0)
+                *data = 0; /* switch to where kmsg goes */
+        else
+                *data = -1; /* turn off switching */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_confirm_spawn(const char *value, char **console) {
+        char *s;
+        int r;
+
+        r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : 1;
+        if (r == 0) {
+                *console = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        } else if (r > 0) /* on with default tty */
+                s = strdup("/dev/console");
+        else if (is_path(value)) /* on with fully qualified path */
+                s = strdup(value);
+        else /* on with only a tty file name, not a fully qualified path */
+                s = path_join("/dev/", value);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *console = s;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE(config_parse_socket_protocol, parse_socket_protocol, "Failed to parse socket protocol");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE(config_parse_exec_secure_bits, secure_bits_from_string, "Failed to parse secure bits");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_collect_mode, collect_mode, CollectMode, "Failed to parse garbage collection mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_device_policy, cgroup_device_policy, CGroupDevicePolicy, "Failed to parse device policy");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_exec_keyring_mode, exec_keyring_mode, ExecKeyringMode, "Failed to parse keyring mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_protect_proc, protect_proc, ProtectProc, "Failed to parse /proc/ protection mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_proc_subset, proc_subset, ProcSubset, "Failed to parse /proc/ subset mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_exec_utmp_mode, exec_utmp_mode, ExecUtmpMode, "Failed to parse utmp mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_job_mode, job_mode, JobMode, "Failed to parse job mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_notify_access, notify_access, NotifyAccess, "Failed to parse notify access specifier");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_protect_home, protect_home, ProtectHome, "Failed to parse protect home value");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_protect_system, protect_system, ProtectSystem, "Failed to parse protect system value");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_runtime_preserve_mode, exec_preserve_mode, ExecPreserveMode, "Failed to parse runtime directory preserve mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_service_type, service_type, ServiceType, "Failed to parse service type");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_service_exit_type, service_exit_type, ServiceExitType, "Failed to parse service exit type");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_service_restart, service_restart, ServiceRestart, "Failed to parse service restart specifier");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_service_timeout_failure_mode, service_timeout_failure_mode, ServiceTimeoutFailureMode, "Failed to parse timeout failure mode");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_socket_bind, socket_address_bind_ipv6_only_or_bool, SocketAddressBindIPv6Only, "Failed to parse bind IPv6 only value");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_oom_policy, oom_policy, OOMPolicy, "Failed to parse OOM policy");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_managed_oom_preference, managed_oom_preference, ManagedOOMPreference, "Failed to parse ManagedOOMPreference=");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM_WITH_DEFAULT(config_parse_ip_tos, ip_tos, int, -1, "Failed to parse IP TOS value");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_PTR(config_parse_blockio_weight, cg_blkio_weight_parse, uint64_t, "Invalid block IO weight");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_PTR(config_parse_cg_weight, cg_weight_parse, uint64_t, "Invalid weight");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_PTR(config_parse_cg_cpu_weight, cg_cpu_weight_parse, uint64_t, "Invalid CPU weight");
+static DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_PTR(config_parse_cpu_shares_internal, cg_cpu_shares_parse, uint64_t, "Invalid CPU shares");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_PTR(config_parse_exec_mount_flags, mount_propagation_flags_from_string, unsigned long, "Failed to parse mount flag");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM_WITH_DEFAULT(config_parse_numa_policy, mpol, int, -1, "Invalid NUMA policy type");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_status_unit_format, status_unit_format, StatusUnitFormat, "Failed to parse status unit format");
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM_FULL(config_parse_socket_timestamping, socket_timestamping_from_string_harder, SocketTimestamping, "Failed to parse timestamping precision");
+
+int config_parse_cpu_shares(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+
+        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                   "Unit uses %s=; please use CPUWeight= instead. Support for %s= will be removed soon.",
+                   lvalue, lvalue);
+
+        return config_parse_cpu_shares_internal(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, rvalue, data, userdata);
+}
+
+bool contains_instance_specifier_superset(const char *s) {
+        const char *p, *q;
+        bool percent = false;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        p = strchr(s, '@');
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        p++; /* Skip '@' */
+
+        q = strrchr(p, '.');
+        if (!q)
+                q = p + strlen(p);
+
+        /* If the string is just the instance specifier, it's not a superset of the instance. */
+        if (memcmp_nn(p, q - p, "%i", strlen("%i")) == 0)
+                return false;
+
+        /* %i, %n and %N all expand to the instance or a superset of it. */
+        for (; p < q; p++) {
+                if (*p == '%')
+                        percent = !percent;
+                else if (percent) {
+                        if (IN_SET(*p, 'n', 'N', 'i'))
+                                return true;
+                        percent = false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+/* `name` is the rendered version of `format` via `unit_printf` or similar functions. */
+int unit_is_likely_recursive_template_dependency(Unit *u, const char *name, const char *format) {
+        const char *fragment_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(name);
+
+        /* If a template unit has a direct dependency on itself that includes the unit instance as part of
+         * the template instance via a unit specifier (%i, %n or %N), this will almost certainly lead to
+         * infinite recursion as systemd will keep instantiating new instances of the template unit.
+         * https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/17602 shows a good example of how this can happen in
+         * practice. To guard against this, we check for templates that depend on themselves and have the
+         * instantiated unit instance included as part of the template instance of the dependency via a
+         * specifier.
+         *
+         * For example, if systemd-notify@.service depends on systemd-notify@%n.service, this will result in
+         * infinite recursion.
+         */
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!unit_name_prefix_equal(u->id, name))
+                return false;
+
+        if (u->type != unit_name_to_type(name))
+                return false;
+
+        r = unit_file_find_fragment(u->manager->unit_id_map, u->manager->unit_name_map, name, &fragment_path, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Fragment paths should also be equal as a custom fragment for a specific template instance
+         * wouldn't necessarily lead to infinite recursion. */
+        if (!path_equal_ptr(u->fragment_path, fragment_path))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!contains_instance_specifier_superset(format))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_deps(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        UnitDependency d = ltype;
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+                int r;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_name_printf(u, word, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_is_likely_recursive_template_dependency(u, k, word);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to determine if '%s' is a recursive dependency, ignoring: %m", k);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_DEBUG, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Dropping dependency %s=%s that likely leads to infinite recursion.",
+                                   unit_dependency_to_string(d), word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_add_dependency_by_name(u, d, k, true, UNIT_DEPENDENCY_FILE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to add dependency on %s, ignoring: %m", k);
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_obsolete_unit_deps(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                   "Unit dependency type %s= is obsolete, replacing by %s=, please update your unit file", lvalue, unit_dependency_to_string(ltype));
+
+        return config_parse_unit_deps(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, rvalue, data, userdata);
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_string_printf(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return config_parse_string(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, k, data, userdata);
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_strv_printf(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return config_parse_strv(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, k, data, userdata);
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_path_printf(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+        bool fatal = ltype;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, fatal ? LOG_ERR : LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s'%s: %m",
+                           rvalue, fatal ? "" : ", ignoring");
+                return fatal ? -ENOEXEC : 0;
+        }
+
+        return config_parse_path(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, k, data, userdata);
+}
+
+int config_parse_colon_separated_paths(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+        char ***sv = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                *sv = strv_free(*sv);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to extract first word, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, word, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", word);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(k, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = strv_consume(sv, TAKE_PTR(k));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_path_strv_printf(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        char ***x = data;
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *x = strv_free(*x);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, word, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", word);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(k, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = strv_consume(x, TAKE_PTR(k));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+}
+
+static int patch_var_run(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                char **path) {
+
+        const char *e;
+        char *z;
+
+        e = path_startswith(*path, "/var/run/");
+        if (!e)
+                return 0;
+
+        z = path_join("/run/", e);
+        if (!z)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        log_syntax(unit, LOG_NOTICE, filename, line, 0,
+                   "%s= references a path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating %s → %s; "
+                   "please update the unit file accordingly.", lvalue, *path, z);
+
+        free_and_replace(*path, z);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int config_parse_socket_listen(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ SocketPort *p = NULL;
+        SocketPort *tail;
+        Socket *s;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        s = SOCKET(data);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* An empty assignment removes all ports */
+                socket_free_ports(s);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        p = new0(SocketPort, 1);
+        if (!p)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (ltype != SOCKET_SOCKET) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(UNIT(s), rvalue, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(k, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (ltype == SOCKET_FIFO) {
+                        r = patch_var_run(unit, filename, line, lvalue, &k);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                free_and_replace(p->path, k);
+                p->type = ltype;
+
+        } else if (streq(lvalue, "ListenNetlink")) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char  *k = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(UNIT(s), rvalue, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = socket_address_parse_netlink(&p->address, k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse address value in '%s', ignoring: %m", k);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                p->type = SOCKET_SOCKET;
+
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(UNIT(s), rvalue, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (k[0] == '/') { /* Only for AF_UNIX file system sockets… */
+                        r = patch_var_run(unit, filename, line, lvalue, &k);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = socket_address_parse_and_warn(&p->address, k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r != -EAFNOSUPPORT)
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse address value in '%s', ignoring: %m", k);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (streq(lvalue, "ListenStream"))
+                        p->address.type = SOCK_STREAM;
+                else if (streq(lvalue, "ListenDatagram"))
+                        p->address.type = SOCK_DGRAM;
+                else {
+                        assert(streq(lvalue, "ListenSequentialPacket"));
+                        p->address.type = SOCK_SEQPACKET;
+                }
+
+                if (socket_address_family(&p->address) != AF_UNIX && p->address.type == SOCK_SEQPACKET) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Address family not supported, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                p->type = SOCKET_SOCKET;
+        }
+
+        p->fd = -1;
+        p->auxiliary_fds = NULL;
+        p->n_auxiliary_fds = 0;
+        p->socket = s;
+
+        LIST_FIND_TAIL(port, s->ports, tail);
+        LIST_INSERT_AFTER(port, s->ports, tail, p);
+
+        p = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_nice(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int priority, r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->nice_set = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_nice(rvalue, &priority);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -ERANGE)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Nice priority out of range, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                else
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse nice priority '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->nice = priority;
+        c->nice_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_oom_score_adjust(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int oa, r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->oom_score_adjust_set = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_oom_score_adjust(rvalue, &oa);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -ERANGE)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "OOM score adjust value out of range, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                else
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse the OOM score adjust value '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->oom_score_adjust = oa;
+        c->oom_score_adjust_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_coredump_filter(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->coredump_filter = 0;
+                c->coredump_filter_set = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t f;
+        r = coredump_filter_mask_from_string(rvalue, &f);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to parse the CoredumpFilter=%s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->coredump_filter |= f;
+        c->coredump_filter_set = true;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_kill_mode(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        KillMode *k = data, m;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *k = KILL_CONTROL_GROUP;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        m = kill_mode_from_string(rvalue);
+        if (m < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, m,
+                           "Failed to parse kill mode specification, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (m == KILL_NONE)
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Unit uses KillMode=none. "
+                           "This is unsafe, as it disables systemd's process lifecycle management for the service. "
+                           "Please update the service to use a safer KillMode=, such as 'mixed' or 'control-group'. "
+                           "Support for KillMode=none is deprecated and will eventually be removed.");
+
+        *k = m;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecCommand **e = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        const char *p;
+        bool semicolon;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        e += ltype;
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* An empty assignment resets the list */
+                *e = exec_command_free_list(*e);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        p = rvalue;
+        do {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *firstword = NULL;
+                ExecCommandFlags flags = 0;
+                bool ignore = false, separate_argv0 = false;
+                _cleanup_free_ ExecCommand *nce = NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **n = NULL;
+                size_t nlen = 0;
+                const char *f;
+
+                semicolon = false;
+
+                r = extract_first_word_and_warn(&p, &firstword, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE, unit, filename, line, rvalue);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* A lone ";" is a separator. Let's make sure we don't treat it as an executable name. */
+                if (streq(firstword, ";")) {
+                        semicolon = true;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                f = firstword;
+                for (;;) {
+                        /* We accept an absolute path as first argument.  If it's prefixed with - and the path doesn't
+                         * exist, we ignore it instead of erroring out; if it's prefixed with @, we allow overriding of
+                         * argv[0]; if it's prefixed with :, we will not do environment variable substitution;
+                         * if it's prefixed with +, it will be run with full privileges and no sandboxing; if
+                         * it's prefixed with '!' we apply sandboxing, but do not change user/group credentials; if
+                         * it's prefixed with '!!', then we apply user/group credentials if the kernel supports ambient
+                         * capabilities -- if it doesn't we don't apply the credentials themselves, but do apply most
+                         * other sandboxing, with some special exceptions for changing UID.
+                         *
+                         * The idea is that '!!' may be used to write services that can take benefit of systemd's
+                         * UID/GID dropping if the kernel supports ambient creds, but provide an automatic fallback to
+                         * privilege dropping within the daemon if the kernel does not offer that. */
+
+                        if (*f == '-' && !(flags & EXEC_COMMAND_IGNORE_FAILURE)) {
+                                flags |= EXEC_COMMAND_IGNORE_FAILURE;
+                                ignore = true;
+                        } else if (*f == '@' && !separate_argv0)
+                                separate_argv0 = true;
+                        else if (*f == ':' && !(flags & EXEC_COMMAND_NO_ENV_EXPAND))
+                                flags |= EXEC_COMMAND_NO_ENV_EXPAND;
+                        else if (*f == '+' && !(flags & (EXEC_COMMAND_FULLY_PRIVILEGED|EXEC_COMMAND_NO_SETUID|EXEC_COMMAND_AMBIENT_MAGIC)))
+                                flags |= EXEC_COMMAND_FULLY_PRIVILEGED;
+                        else if (*f == '!' && !(flags & (EXEC_COMMAND_FULLY_PRIVILEGED|EXEC_COMMAND_NO_SETUID|EXEC_COMMAND_AMBIENT_MAGIC)))
+                                flags |= EXEC_COMMAND_NO_SETUID;
+                        else if (*f == '!' && !(flags & (EXEC_COMMAND_FULLY_PRIVILEGED|EXEC_COMMAND_AMBIENT_MAGIC))) {
+                                flags &= ~EXEC_COMMAND_NO_SETUID;
+                                flags |= EXEC_COMMAND_AMBIENT_MAGIC;
+                        } else
+                                break;
+                        f++;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, f, &path);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s'%s: %m",
+                                   f, ignore ? ", ignoring" : "");
+                        return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+
+                if (isempty(path)) {
+                        /* First word is either "-" or "@" with no command. */
+                        log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Empty path in command line%s: '%s'",
+                                   ignore ? ", ignoring" : "", rvalue);
+                        return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+                if (!string_is_safe(path)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Executable name contains special characters%s: %s",
+                                   ignore ? ", ignoring" : "", path);
+                        return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+                if (endswith(path, "/")) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Executable path specifies a directory%s: %s",
+                                   ignore ? ", ignoring" : "", path);
+                        return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+
+                if (!(path_is_absolute(path) ? path_is_valid(path) : filename_is_valid(path))) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Neither a valid executable name nor an absolute path%s: %s",
+                                   ignore ? ", ignoring" : "", path);
+                        return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+
+                if (!separate_argv0) {
+                        char *w = NULL;
+
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(n, nlen + 2))
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        w = strdup(path);
+                        if (!w)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        n[nlen++] = w;
+                        n[nlen] = NULL;
+                }
+
+                path_simplify(path);
+
+                while (!isempty(p)) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+
+                        /* Check explicitly for an unquoted semicolon as
+                         * command separator token.  */
+                        if (p[0] == ';' && (!p[1] || strchr(WHITESPACE, p[1]))) {
+                                p++;
+                                p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+                                semicolon = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Check for \; explicitly, to not confuse it with \\; or "\;" or "\\;" etc.
+                         * extract_first_word() would return the same for all of those.  */
+                        if (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == ';' && (!p[2] || strchr(WHITESPACE, p[2]))) {
+                                char *w;
+
+                                p += 2;
+                                p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(n, nlen + 2))
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                w = strdup(";");
+                                if (!w)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                n[nlen++] = w;
+                                n[nlen] = NULL;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = extract_first_word_and_warn(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE, unit, filename, line, rvalue);
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+
+                        r = unit_full_printf(u, word, &resolved);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,
+                                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s%s: %m",
+                                           word, ignore ? ", ignoring" : "");
+                                return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(n, nlen + 2))
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        n[nlen++] = TAKE_PTR(resolved);
+                        n[nlen] = NULL;
+                }
+
+                if (!n || !n[0]) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Empty executable name or zeroeth argument%s: %s",
+                                   ignore ? ", ignoring" : "", rvalue);
+                        return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+
+                nce = new0(ExecCommand, 1);
+                if (!nce)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                nce->argv = TAKE_PTR(n);
+                nce->path = TAKE_PTR(path);
+                nce->flags = flags;
+
+                exec_command_append_list(e, nce);
+
+                /* Do not _cleanup_free_ these. */
+                nce = NULL;
+
+                rvalue = p;
+        } while (semicolon);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_socket_bindtodevice(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Socket *s = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue) || streq(rvalue, "*")) {
+                s->bind_to_device = mfree(s->bind_to_device);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!ifname_valid(rvalue)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid interface name, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return free_and_strdup_warn(&s->bind_to_device, rvalue);
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_input(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        const char *n;
+        ExecInput ei;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(line);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        n = startswith(rvalue, "fd:");
+        if (n) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_fd_printf(u, n, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", n);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (isempty(resolved))
+                        resolved = mfree(resolved);
+                else if (!fdname_is_valid(resolved)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid file descriptor name, ignoring: %s", resolved);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                free_and_replace(c->stdio_fdname[STDIN_FILENO], resolved);
+
+                ei = EXEC_INPUT_NAMED_FD;
+
+        } else if ((n = startswith(rvalue, "file:"))) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, n, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", n);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE | PATH_CHECK_FATAL, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                free_and_replace(c->stdio_file[STDIN_FILENO], resolved);
+
+                ei = EXEC_INPUT_FILE;
+
+        } else {
+                ei = exec_input_from_string(rvalue);
+                if (ei < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, ei, "Failed to parse input specifier, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        c->std_input = ei;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_input_text(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *unescaped = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(line);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Reset if the empty string is assigned */
+                c->stdin_data = mfree(c->stdin_data);
+                c->stdin_data_size = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        ssize_t l = cunescape(rvalue, 0, &unescaped);
+        if (l < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, l,
+                           "Failed to decode C escaped text '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_full_printf_full(u, unescaped, EXEC_STDIN_DATA_MAX, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", unescaped);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        size_t sz = strlen(resolved);
+        if (c->stdin_data_size + sz + 1 < c->stdin_data_size || /* check for overflow */
+            c->stdin_data_size + sz + 1 > EXEC_STDIN_DATA_MAX) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Standard input data too large (%zu), maximum of %zu permitted, ignoring.",
+                           c->stdin_data_size + sz, (size_t) EXEC_STDIN_DATA_MAX);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        void *p = realloc(c->stdin_data, c->stdin_data_size + sz + 1);
+        if (!p)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *((char*) mempcpy((char*) p + c->stdin_data_size, resolved, sz)) = '\n';
+
+        c->stdin_data = p;
+        c->stdin_data_size += sz + 1;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_input_data(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ void *p = NULL;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        size_t sz;
+        void *q;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(line);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Reset if the empty string is assigned */
+                c->stdin_data = mfree(c->stdin_data);
+                c->stdin_data_size = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unbase64mem(rvalue, SIZE_MAX, &p, &sz);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to decode base64 data, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        assert(sz > 0);
+
+        if (c->stdin_data_size + sz < c->stdin_data_size || /* check for overflow */
+            c->stdin_data_size + sz > EXEC_STDIN_DATA_MAX) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Standard input data too large (%zu), maximum of %zu permitted, ignoring.",
+                           c->stdin_data_size + sz, (size_t) EXEC_STDIN_DATA_MAX);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        q = realloc(c->stdin_data, c->stdin_data_size + sz);
+        if (!q)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        memcpy((uint8_t*) q + c->stdin_data_size, p, sz);
+
+        c->stdin_data = q;
+        c->stdin_data_size += sz;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_output(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
+        const char *n;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        bool obsolete = false;
+        ExecOutput eo;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(line);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        n = startswith(rvalue, "fd:");
+        if (n) {
+                r = unit_fd_printf(u, n, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s: %m", n);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (isempty(resolved))
+                        resolved = mfree(resolved);
+                else if (!fdname_is_valid(resolved)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid file descriptor name, ignoring: %s", resolved);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                eo = EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD;
+
+        } else if (streq(rvalue, "syslog")) {
+                eo = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
+                obsolete = true;
+
+        } else if (streq(rvalue, "syslog+console")) {
+                eo = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE;
+                obsolete = true;
+
+        } else if ((n = startswith(rvalue, "file:"))) {
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, n, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", n);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE | PATH_CHECK_FATAL, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                eo = EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE;
+
+        } else if ((n = startswith(rvalue, "append:"))) {
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, n, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", n);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE | PATH_CHECK_FATAL, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                eo = EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND;
+
+        } else if ((n = startswith(rvalue, "truncate:"))) {
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, n, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", n);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE | PATH_CHECK_FATAL, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                eo = EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE;
+        } else {
+                eo = exec_output_from_string(rvalue);
+                if (eo < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, eo, "Failed to parse output specifier, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (obsolete)
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_NOTICE, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Standard output type %s is obsolete, automatically updating to %s. Please update your unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.",
+                           rvalue, exec_output_to_string(eo));
+
+        if (streq(lvalue, "StandardOutput")) {
+                if (eo == EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD)
+                        free_and_replace(c->stdio_fdname[STDOUT_FILENO], resolved);
+                else
+                        free_and_replace(c->stdio_file[STDOUT_FILENO], resolved);
+
+                c->std_output = eo;
+
+        } else {
+                assert(streq(lvalue, "StandardError"));
+
+                if (eo == EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD)
+                        free_and_replace(c->stdio_fdname[STDERR_FILENO], resolved);
+                else
+                        free_and_replace(c->stdio_file[STDERR_FILENO], resolved);
+
+                c->std_error = eo;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_io_class(const char *unit,
+                               const char *filename,
+                               unsigned line,
+                               const char *section,
+                               unsigned section_line,
+                               const char *lvalue,
+                               int ltype,
+                               const char *rvalue,
+                               void *data,
+                               void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int x;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->ioprio_set = false;
+                c->ioprio = IOPRIO_DEFAULT_CLASS_AND_PRIO;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        x = ioprio_class_from_string(rvalue);
+        if (x < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, x, "Failed to parse IO scheduling class, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->ioprio = ioprio_normalize(ioprio_prio_value(x, ioprio_prio_data(c->ioprio)));
+        c->ioprio_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_io_priority(const char *unit,
+                                  const char *filename,
+                                  unsigned line,
+                                  const char *section,
+                                  unsigned section_line,
+                                  const char *lvalue,
+                                  int ltype,
+                                  const char *rvalue,
+                                  void *data,
+                                  void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int i, r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->ioprio_set = false;
+                c->ioprio = IOPRIO_DEFAULT_CLASS_AND_PRIO;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = ioprio_parse_priority(rvalue, &i);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse IO priority, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->ioprio = ioprio_normalize(ioprio_prio_value(ioprio_prio_class(c->ioprio), i));
+        c->ioprio_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_cpu_sched_policy(const char *unit,
+                                       const char *filename,
+                                       unsigned line,
+                                       const char *section,
+                                       unsigned section_line,
+                                       const char *lvalue,
+                                       int ltype,
+                                       const char *rvalue,
+                                       void *data,
+                                       void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int x;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->cpu_sched_set = false;
+                c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
+                c->cpu_sched_priority = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        x = sched_policy_from_string(rvalue);
+        if (x < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, x, "Failed to parse CPU scheduling policy, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->cpu_sched_policy = x;
+        /* Moving to or from real-time policy? We need to adjust the priority */
+        c->cpu_sched_priority = CLAMP(c->cpu_sched_priority, sched_get_priority_min(x), sched_get_priority_max(x));
+        c->cpu_sched_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_mount_apivfs(const char *unit,
+                                   const char *filename,
+                                   unsigned line,
+                                   const char *section,
+                                   unsigned section_line,
+                                   const char *lvalue,
+                                   int ltype,
+                                   const char *rvalue,
+                                   void *data,
+                                   void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int k;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->mount_apivfs_set = false;
+                c->mount_apivfs = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        k = parse_boolean(rvalue);
+        if (k < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, k,
+                           "Failed to parse boolean value, ignoring: %s",
+                           rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->mount_apivfs_set = true;
+        c->mount_apivfs = k;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_numa_mask(const char *unit,
+                           const char *filename,
+                           unsigned line,
+                           const char *section,
+                           unsigned section_line,
+                           const char *lvalue,
+                           int ltype,
+                           const char *rvalue,
+                           void *data,
+                           void *userdata) {
+        int r;
+        NUMAPolicy *p = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (streq(rvalue, "all")) {
+                r = numa_mask_add_all(&p->nodes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to create NUMA mask representing \"all\" NUMA nodes, ignoring: %m");
+        } else {
+                r = parse_cpu_set_extend(rvalue, &p->nodes, true, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse NUMA node mask, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_cpu_sched_prio(const char *unit,
+                                     const char *filename,
+                                     unsigned line,
+                                     const char *section,
+                                     unsigned section_line,
+                                     const char *lvalue,
+                                     int ltype,
+                                     const char *rvalue,
+                                     void *data,
+                                     void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int i, r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = safe_atoi(rvalue, &i);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse CPU scheduling priority, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* On Linux RR/FIFO range from 1 to 99 and OTHER/BATCH may only be 0. Policy might be set later so
+         * we do not check the precise range, but only the generic outer bounds. */
+        if (i < 0 || i > 99) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "CPU scheduling priority is out of range, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->cpu_sched_priority = i;
+        c->cpu_sched_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_root_image_options(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_(mount_options_free_allp) MountOptions *options = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->root_image_options = mount_options_free_all(c->root_image_options);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = strv_split_colon_pairs(&l, rvalue);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(first, second, l) {
+                MountOptions *o = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *mount_options_resolved = NULL;
+                const char *mount_options = NULL, *partition = "root";
+                PartitionDesignator partition_designator;
+
+                /* Format is either 'root:foo' or 'foo' (root is implied) */
+                if (!isempty(*second)) {
+                        partition = *first;
+                        mount_options = *second;
+                } else
+                        mount_options = *first;
+
+                partition_designator = partition_designator_from_string(partition);
+                if (partition_designator < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, partition_designator,
+                                   "Invalid partition name %s, ignoring", partition);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                r = unit_full_printf(u, mount_options, &mount_options_resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", mount_options);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                o = new(MountOptions, 1);
+                if (!o)
+                        return log_oom();
+                *o = (MountOptions) {
+                        .partition_designator = partition_designator,
+                        .options = TAKE_PTR(mount_options_resolved),
+                };
+                LIST_APPEND(mount_options, options, TAKE_PTR(o));
+        }
+
+        if (options)
+                LIST_JOIN(mount_options, c->root_image_options, options);
+        else
+                /* empty spaces/separators only */
+                c->root_image_options = mount_options_free_all(c->root_image_options);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_root_hash(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ void *roothash_decoded = NULL;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        size_t roothash_decoded_size = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(line);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Reset if the empty string is assigned */
+                c->root_hash_path = mfree(c->root_hash_path);
+                c->root_hash = mfree(c->root_hash);
+                c->root_hash_size = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(rvalue)) {
+                /* We have the path to a roothash to load and decode, eg: RootHash=/foo/bar.roothash */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                p = strdup(rvalue);
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                free_and_replace(c->root_hash_path, p);
+                c->root_hash = mfree(c->root_hash);
+                c->root_hash_size = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* We have a roothash to decode, eg: RootHash=012345789abcdef */
+        r = unhexmem(rvalue, strlen(rvalue), &roothash_decoded, &roothash_decoded_size);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to decode RootHash=, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (roothash_decoded_size < sizeof(sd_id128_t)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "RootHash= is too short, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        free_and_replace(c->root_hash, roothash_decoded);
+        c->root_hash_size = roothash_decoded_size;
+        c->root_hash_path = mfree(c->root_hash_path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_root_hash_sig(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ void *roothash_sig_decoded = NULL;
+        char *value;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        size_t roothash_sig_decoded_size = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(line);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Reset if the empty string is assigned */
+                c->root_hash_sig_path = mfree(c->root_hash_sig_path);
+                c->root_hash_sig = mfree(c->root_hash_sig);
+                c->root_hash_sig_size = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(rvalue)) {
+                /* We have the path to a roothash signature to load and decode, eg: RootHashSignature=/foo/bar.roothash.p7s */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                p = strdup(rvalue);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                free_and_replace(c->root_hash_sig_path, p);
+                c->root_hash_sig = mfree(c->root_hash_sig);
+                c->root_hash_sig_size = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!(value = startswith(rvalue, "base64:"))) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Failed to decode RootHashSignature=, not a path but doesn't start with 'base64:', ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* We have a roothash signature to decode, eg: RootHashSignature=base64:012345789abcdef */
+        r = unbase64mem(value, strlen(value), &roothash_sig_decoded, &roothash_sig_decoded_size);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to decode RootHashSignature=, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        free_and_replace(c->root_hash_sig, roothash_sig_decoded);
+        c->root_hash_sig_size = roothash_sig_decoded_size;
+        c->root_hash_sig_path = mfree(c->root_hash_sig_path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_cpu_affinity(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (streq(rvalue, "numa")) {
+                c->cpu_affinity_from_numa = true;
+                cpu_set_reset(&c->cpu_set);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m",
+                           rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_cpu_set_extend(k, &c->cpu_set, true, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                c->cpu_affinity_from_numa = false;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_capability_set(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        uint64_t *capability_set = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        uint64_t sum = 0, initial = 0;
+        bool invert = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '~') {
+                invert = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(lvalue, "CapabilityBoundingSet"))
+                initial = CAP_ALL; /* initialized to all bits on */
+        /* else "AmbientCapabilities" initialized to all bits off */
+
+        r = capability_set_from_string(rvalue, &sum);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse %s= specifier '%s', ignoring: %m", lvalue, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (sum == 0 || *capability_set == initial)
+                /* "", "~" or uninitialized data -> replace */
+                *capability_set = invert ? ~sum : sum;
+        else {
+                /* previous data -> merge */
+                if (invert)
+                        *capability_set &= ~sum;
+                else
+                        *capability_set |= sum;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_selinux_context(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        bool ignore;
+        char *k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->selinux_context = mfree(c->selinux_context);
+                c->selinux_context_ignore = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '-') {
+                ignore = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        } else
+                ignore = false;
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s'%s: %m",
+                           rvalue, ignore ? ", ignoring" : "");
+                return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+        }
+
+        free_and_replace(c->selinux_context, k);
+        c->selinux_context_ignore = ignore;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_apparmor_profile(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        bool ignore;
+        char *k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->apparmor_profile = mfree(c->apparmor_profile);
+                c->apparmor_profile_ignore = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '-') {
+                ignore = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        } else
+                ignore = false;
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s'%s: %m",
+                           rvalue, ignore ? ", ignoring" : "");
+                return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+        }
+
+        free_and_replace(c->apparmor_profile, k);
+        c->apparmor_profile_ignore = ignore;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_smack_process_label(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        bool ignore;
+        char *k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->smack_process_label = mfree(c->smack_process_label);
+                c->smack_process_label_ignore = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '-') {
+                ignore = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        } else
+                ignore = false;
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, ignore ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s'%s: %m",
+                           rvalue, ignore ? ", ignoring" : "");
+                return ignore ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+        }
+
+        free_and_replace(c->smack_process_label, k);
+        c->smack_process_label_ignore = ignore;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_timer(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_(calendar_spec_freep) CalendarSpec *c = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        Timer *t = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        usec_t usec = 0;
+        TimerValue *v;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets list */
+                timer_free_values(t);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (ltype == TIMER_CALENDAR) {
+                r = calendar_spec_from_string(k, &c);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse calendar specification, ignoring: %s", k);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        } else {
+                r = parse_sec(k, &usec);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse timer value, ignoring: %s", k);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        v = new(TimerValue, 1);
+        if (!v)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *v = (TimerValue) {
+                .base = ltype,
+                .value = usec,
+                .calendar_spec = TAKE_PTR(c),
+        };
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(value, t->values, v);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_trigger_unit(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        UnitType type;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (UNIT_TRIGGER(u)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Multiple units to trigger specified, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_name_printf(u, rvalue, &p);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        type = unit_name_to_type(p);
+        if (type < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, type, "Unit type not valid, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (unit_has_name(u, p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Units cannot trigger themselves, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(u, UNIT_BEFORE, UNIT_TRIGGERS, p, true, UNIT_DEPENDENCY_FILE);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to add trigger on %s, ignoring: %m", p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_path_spec(const char *unit,
+                           const char *filename,
+                           unsigned line,
+                           const char *section,
+                           unsigned section_line,
+                           const char *lvalue,
+                           int ltype,
+                           const char *rvalue,
+                           void *data,
+                           void *userdata) {
+
+        Path *p = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        PathSpec *s;
+        PathType b;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment clears list */
+                path_free_specs(p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        b = path_type_from_string(lvalue);
+        if (b < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, b, "Failed to parse path type, ignoring: %s", lvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(UNIT(p), rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(k, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        s = new0(PathSpec, 1);
+        if (!s)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        s->unit = UNIT(p);
+        s->path = TAKE_PTR(k);
+        s->type = b;
+        s->inotify_fd = -1;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(spec, p->specs, s);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_socket_service(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        Socket *s = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        Unit *x;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = unit_name_printf(UNIT(s), rvalue, &p);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!endswith(p, ".service")) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Unit must be of type service, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = manager_load_unit(UNIT(s)->manager, p, NULL, &error, &x);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to load unit %s, ignoring: %s", rvalue, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        unit_ref_set(&s->service, UNIT(s), x);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_fdname(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        Socket *s = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                s->fdname = mfree(s->fdname);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_fd_printf(UNIT(s), rvalue, &p);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!fdname_is_valid(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid file descriptor name, ignoring: %s", p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return free_and_replace(s->fdname, p);
+}
+
+int config_parse_service_sockets(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Service *s = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, 0);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Trailing garbage in sockets, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = unit_name_printf(UNIT(s), word, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!endswith(k, ".socket")) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Unit must be of type socket, ignoring: %s", k);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_WANTS, UNIT_AFTER, k, true, UNIT_DEPENDENCY_FILE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to add dependency on %s, ignoring: %m", k);
+
+                r = unit_add_dependency_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_TRIGGERED_BY, k, true, UNIT_DEPENDENCY_FILE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to add dependency on %s, ignoring: %m", k);
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_bus_name(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = unit_full_printf_full(u, rvalue, SD_BUS_MAXIMUM_NAME_LENGTH, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!sd_bus_service_name_is_valid(k)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid bus name, ignoring: %s", k);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return config_parse_string(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, k, data, userdata);
+}
+
+int config_parse_service_timeout(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Service *s = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        usec_t usec;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        /* This is called for two cases: TimeoutSec= and TimeoutStartSec=. */
+
+        /* Traditionally, these options accepted 0 to disable the timeouts. However, a timeout of 0 suggests it happens
+         * immediately, hence fix this to become USEC_INFINITY instead. This is in-line with how we internally handle
+         * all other timeouts. */
+        r = parse_sec_fix_0(rvalue, &usec);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse %s= parameter, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        s->start_timeout_defined = true;
+        s->timeout_start_usec = usec;
+
+        if (streq(lvalue, "TimeoutSec"))
+                s->timeout_stop_usec = usec;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_timeout_abort(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        usec_t *ret = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        /* Note: apart from setting the arg, this returns an extra bit of information in the return value. */
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *ret = 0;
+                return 0; /* "not set" */
+        }
+
+        r = parse_sec(rvalue, ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse %s= setting, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+
+        return 1; /* "set" */
+}
+
+int config_parse_service_timeout_abort(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Service *s = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        r = config_parse_timeout_abort(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, rvalue,
+                                       &s->timeout_abort_usec, s);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                s->timeout_abort_set = r;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_user_group_compat(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        char **user = data;
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *user = mfree(*user);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s: %m", rvalue);
+                return -ENOEXEC;
+        }
+
+        if (!valid_user_group_name(k, VALID_USER_ALLOW_NUMERIC|VALID_USER_RELAX|VALID_USER_WARN)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0, "Invalid user/group name or numeric ID: %s", k);
+                return -ENOEXEC;
+        }
+
+        if (strstr(lvalue, "User") && streq(k, NOBODY_USER_NAME))
+                log_struct(LOG_NOTICE,
+                           "MESSAGE=%s:%u: Special user %s configured, this is not safe!", filename, line, k,
+                           "UNIT=%s", unit,
+                           "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_NOBODY_USER_UNSUITABLE_STR,
+                           "OFFENDING_USER=%s", k,
+                           "CONFIG_FILE=%s", filename,
+                           "CONFIG_LINE=%u", line);
+
+        return free_and_replace(*user, k);
+}
+
+int config_parse_user_group_strv_compat(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        char ***users = data;
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *users = strv_free(*users);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, 0);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax: %s", rvalue);
+                        return -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = unit_full_printf(u, word, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s: %m", word);
+                        return -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+
+                if (!valid_user_group_name(k, VALID_USER_ALLOW_NUMERIC|VALID_USER_RELAX|VALID_USER_WARN)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0, "Invalid user/group name or numeric ID: %s", k);
+                        return -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+
+                r = strv_push(users, k);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                k = NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_working_directory(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        bool missing_ok;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->working_directory_home = false;
+                c->working_directory = mfree(c->working_directory);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '-') {
+                missing_ok = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        } else
+                missing_ok = false;
+
+        if (streq(rvalue, "~")) {
+                c->working_directory_home = true;
+                c->working_directory = mfree(c->working_directory);
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, missing_ok ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in working directory path '%s'%s: %m",
+                                   rvalue, missing_ok ? ", ignoring" : "");
+                        return missing_ok ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(k, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE | (missing_ok ? 0 : PATH_CHECK_FATAL), unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return missing_ok ? 0 : -ENOEXEC;
+
+                c->working_directory_home = false;
+                free_and_replace(c->working_directory, k);
+        }
+
+        c->working_directory_missing_ok = missing_ok;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_env_file(const char *unit,
+                               const char *filename,
+                               unsigned line,
+                               const char *section,
+                               unsigned section_line,
+                               const char *lvalue,
+                               int ltype,
+                               const char *rvalue,
+                               void *data,
+                               void *userdata) {
+
+        char ***env = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment frees the list */
+                *env = strv_free(*env);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_full_printf_full(u, rvalue, PATH_MAX, &n);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(n[0] == '-' ? n + 1 : n, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = strv_push(env, n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        n = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_environ(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        char ***env = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                *env = strv_free(*env);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;; ) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (u)
+                        r = unit_env_printf(u, word, &resolved);
+                else
+                        r = specifier_printf(word, sc_arg_max(), system_and_tmp_specifier_table, NULL, NULL, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(resolved)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Invalid environment assignment, ignoring: %s", resolved);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = strv_env_replace_consume(env, TAKE_PTR(resolved));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to update environment: %m");
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_pass_environ(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **n = NULL;
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        char*** passenv = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        size_t nlen = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                *passenv = strv_free(*passenv);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Trailing garbage in %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        break;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (u) {
+                        r = unit_env_printf(u, word, &k);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                           "Failed to resolve specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", word);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                } else
+                        k = TAKE_PTR(word);
+
+                if (!env_name_is_valid(k)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Invalid environment name for %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, k);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(n, nlen + 2))
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                n[nlen++] = TAKE_PTR(k);
+                n[nlen] = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (n) {
+                r = strv_extend_strv(passenv, n, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unset_environ(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **n = NULL;
+        char*** unsetenv = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        size_t nlen = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                *unsetenv = strv_free(*unsetenv);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Trailing garbage in %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        break;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (u) {
+                        r = unit_env_printf(u, word, &k);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", word);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                } else
+                        k = TAKE_PTR(word);
+
+                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(k) && !env_name_is_valid(k)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Invalid environment name or assignment %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, k);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(n, nlen + 2))
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                n[nlen++] = TAKE_PTR(k);
+                n[nlen] = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (n) {
+                r = strv_extend_strv(unsetenv, n, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_log_extra_fields(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                exec_context_free_log_extra_fields(c);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+                struct iovec *t;
+                const char *eq;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = unit_full_printf(u, word, &k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                eq = strchr(k, '=');
+                if (!eq) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Log field lacks '=' character, ignoring: %s", k);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!journal_field_valid(k, eq-k, false)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Log field name is invalid, ignoring: %s", k);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                t = reallocarray(c->log_extra_fields, c->n_log_extra_fields+1, sizeof(struct iovec));
+                if (!t)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                c->log_extra_fields = t;
+                c->log_extra_fields[c->n_log_extra_fields++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(k);
+
+                k = NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_log_namespace(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->log_namespace = mfree(c->log_namespace);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_full_printf_full(u, rvalue, NAME_MAX, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!log_namespace_name_valid(k)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Specified log namespace name is not valid, ignoring: %s", k);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        free_and_replace(c->log_namespace, k);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_condition_path(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        Condition **list = ASSERT_PTR(data), *c;
+        ConditionType t = ltype;
+        bool trigger, negate;
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                *list = condition_free_list(*list);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        trigger = rvalue[0] == '|';
+        if (trigger)
+                rvalue++;
+
+        negate = rvalue[0] == '!';
+        if (negate)
+                rvalue++;
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(u, rvalue, &p);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(p, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        c = condition_new(t, p, trigger, negate);
+        if (!c)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(conditions, *list, c);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_condition_string(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        Condition **list = ASSERT_PTR(data), *c;
+        ConditionType t = ltype;
+        bool trigger, negate;
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                *list = condition_free_list(*list);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        trigger = *rvalue == '|';
+        if (trigger)
+                rvalue += 1 + strspn(rvalue + 1, WHITESPACE);
+
+        negate = *rvalue == '!';
+        if (negate)
+                rvalue += 1 + strspn(rvalue + 1, WHITESPACE);
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &s);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c = condition_new(t, s, trigger, negate);
+        if (!c)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(conditions, *list, c);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_requires_mounts_for(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, word, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = unit_require_mounts_for(u, resolved, UNIT_DEPENDENCY_FILE);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to add required mount '%s', ignoring: %m", resolved);
+                        continue;
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_documentation(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+        char **a, **b;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                u->documentation = strv_free(u->documentation);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = config_parse_unit_strv_printf(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype,
+                                          rvalue, data, userdata);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (a = b = u->documentation; a && *a; a++) {
+
+                if (documentation_url_is_valid(*a))
+                        *(b++) = *a;
+                else {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid URL, ignoring: %s", *a);
+                        free(*a);
+                }
+        }
+        if (b)
+                *b = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+int config_parse_syscall_filter(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = data;
+        _unused_ const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        bool invert = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                c->syscall_filter = hashmap_free(c->syscall_filter);
+                c->syscall_allow_list = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '~') {
+                invert = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        }
+
+        if (!c->syscall_filter) {
+                c->syscall_filter = hashmap_new(NULL);
+                if (!c->syscall_filter)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (invert)
+                        /* Allow everything but the ones listed */
+                        c->syscall_allow_list = false;
+                else {
+                        /* Allow nothing but the ones listed */
+                        c->syscall_allow_list = true;
+
+                        /* Accept default syscalls if we are on an allow_list */
+                        r = seccomp_parse_syscall_filter(
+                                        "@default", -1, c->syscall_filter,
+                                        SECCOMP_PARSE_PERMISSIVE|SECCOMP_PARSE_ALLOW_LIST,
+                                        unit,
+                                        NULL, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *name = NULL;
+                int num;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, 0);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = parse_syscall_and_errno(word, &name, &num);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to parse syscall:errno, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (!invert && num >= 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "Allow-listed system calls cannot take error number, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = seccomp_parse_syscall_filter(
+                                name, num, c->syscall_filter,
+                                SECCOMP_PARSE_LOG|SECCOMP_PARSE_PERMISSIVE|
+                                (invert ? SECCOMP_PARSE_INVERT : 0)|
+                                (c->syscall_allow_list ? SECCOMP_PARSE_ALLOW_LIST : 0),
+                                unit, filename, line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_syscall_log(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = data;
+        _unused_ const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        bool invert = false;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                c->syscall_log = hashmap_free(c->syscall_log);
+                c->syscall_log_allow_list = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '~') {
+                invert = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        }
+
+        if (!c->syscall_log) {
+                c->syscall_log = hashmap_new(NULL);
+                if (!c->syscall_log)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (invert)
+                        /* Log everything but the ones listed */
+                        c->syscall_log_allow_list = false;
+                else
+                        /* Log nothing but the ones listed */
+                        c->syscall_log_allow_list = true;
+        }
+
+        p = rvalue;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, 0);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = seccomp_parse_syscall_filter(
+                                word, -1, c->syscall_log,
+                                SECCOMP_PARSE_LOG|SECCOMP_PARSE_PERMISSIVE|
+                                (invert ? SECCOMP_PARSE_INVERT : 0)|
+                                (c->syscall_log_allow_list ? SECCOMP_PARSE_ALLOW_LIST : 0),
+                                unit, filename, line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_syscall_archs(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Set **archs = data;
+        int r;
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *archs = set_free(*archs);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                uint32_t a;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = seccomp_arch_from_string(word, &a);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to parse system call architecture \"%s\", ignoring: %m", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = set_ensure_put(archs, NULL, UINT32_TO_PTR(a + 1));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_syscall_errno(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = data;
+        int e;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue) || streq(rvalue, "kill")) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets to KILL */
+                c->syscall_errno = SECCOMP_ERROR_NUMBER_KILL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        e = parse_errno(rvalue);
+        if (e < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, e, "Failed to parse error number, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (e == 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid error number, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->syscall_errno = e;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_address_families(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = data;
+        bool invert = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                c->address_families = set_free(c->address_families);
+                c->address_families_allow_list = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(rvalue, "none")) {
+                /* Forbid all address families. */
+                c->address_families = set_free(c->address_families);
+                c->address_families_allow_list = true;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '~') {
+                invert = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        }
+
+        if (!c->address_families) {
+                c->address_families = set_new(NULL);
+                if (!c->address_families)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                c->address_families_allow_list = !invert;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                int af;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                af = af_from_name(word);
+                if (af < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, af,
+                                   "Failed to parse address family, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* If we previously wanted to forbid an address family and now
+                 * we want to allow it, then just remove it from the list.
+                 */
+                if (!invert == c->address_families_allow_list)  {
+                        r = set_put(c->address_families, INT_TO_PTR(af));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                } else
+                        set_remove(c->address_families, INT_TO_PTR(af));
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_restrict_namespaces(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = data;
+        unsigned long flags;
+        bool invert = false;
+        int r;
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Reset to the default. */
+                c->restrict_namespaces = NAMESPACE_FLAGS_INITIAL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Boolean parameter ignores the previous settings */
+        r = parse_boolean(rvalue);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                c->restrict_namespaces = 0;
+                return 0;
+        } else if (r == 0) {
+                c->restrict_namespaces = NAMESPACE_FLAGS_ALL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '~') {
+                invert = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        }
+
+        /* Not a boolean argument, in this case it's a list of namespace types. */
+        r = namespace_flags_from_string(rvalue, &flags);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse namespace type string, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (c->restrict_namespaces == NAMESPACE_FLAGS_INITIAL)
+                /* Initial assignment. Just set the value. */
+                c->restrict_namespaces = invert ? (~flags) & NAMESPACE_FLAGS_ALL : flags;
+        else
+                /* Merge the value with the previous one. */
+                SET_FLAG(c->restrict_namespaces, flags, !invert);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+int config_parse_restrict_filesystems(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        bool invert = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                c->restrict_filesystems = set_free_free(c->restrict_filesystems);
+                c->restrict_filesystems_allow_list = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '~') {
+                invert = true;
+                rvalue++;
+        }
+
+        if (!c->restrict_filesystems) {
+                if (invert)
+                        /* Allow everything but the ones listed */
+                        c->restrict_filesystems_allow_list = false;
+                else
+                        /* Allow nothing but the ones listed */
+                        c->restrict_filesystems_allow_list = true;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Trailing garbage in %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                r = lsm_bpf_parse_filesystem(
+                              word,
+                              &c->restrict_filesystems,
+                              FILESYSTEM_PARSE_LOG|
+                              (invert ? FILESYSTEM_PARSE_INVERT : 0)|
+                              (c->restrict_filesystems_allow_list ? FILESYSTEM_PARSE_ALLOW_LIST : 0),
+                              unit, filename, line);
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_unit_slice(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        Unit *u = userdata, *slice;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(u);
+
+        r = unit_name_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = manager_load_unit(u->manager, k, NULL, &error, &slice);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to load slice unit %s, ignoring: %s", k, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_set_slice(u, slice);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to assign slice %s to unit %s, ignoring: %m", slice->id, u->id);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_cpu_quota(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->cpu_quota_per_sec_usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_permyriad_unbounded(rvalue);
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid CPU quota '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->cpu_quota_per_sec_usec = ((usec_t) r * USEC_PER_SEC) / 10000U;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_allowed_cpuset(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        CPUSet *c = data;
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = unit_full_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m",
+                           rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        (void) parse_cpu_set_extend(k, c, true, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_memory_limit(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        uint64_t bytes = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX;
+        int r;
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue) && STR_IN_SET(lvalue, "DefaultMemoryLow",
+                                                  "DefaultMemoryMin",
+                                                  "MemoryLow",
+                                                  "MemoryMin"))
+                bytes = CGROUP_LIMIT_MIN;
+        else if (!isempty(rvalue) && !streq(rvalue, "infinity")) {
+
+                r = parse_permyriad(rvalue);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        r = parse_size(rvalue, 1024, &bytes);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid memory limit '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                } else
+                        bytes = physical_memory_scale(r, 10000U);
+
+                if (bytes >= UINT64_MAX ||
+                    (bytes <= 0 && !STR_IN_SET(lvalue, "MemorySwapMax", "MemoryLow", "MemoryMin", "DefaultMemoryLow", "DefaultMemoryMin"))) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Memory limit '%s' out of range, ignoring.", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (streq(lvalue, "DefaultMemoryLow")) {
+                c->default_memory_low = bytes;
+                c->default_memory_low_set = true;
+        } else if (streq(lvalue, "DefaultMemoryMin")) {
+                c->default_memory_min = bytes;
+                c->default_memory_min_set = true;
+        } else if (streq(lvalue, "MemoryMin")) {
+                c->memory_min = bytes;
+                c->memory_min_set = true;
+        } else if (streq(lvalue, "MemoryLow")) {
+                c->memory_low = bytes;
+                c->memory_low_set = true;
+        } else if (streq(lvalue, "MemoryHigh"))
+                c->memory_high = bytes;
+        else if (streq(lvalue, "MemoryMax"))
+                c->memory_max = bytes;
+        else if (streq(lvalue, "MemorySwapMax"))
+                c->memory_swap_max = bytes;
+        else if (streq(lvalue, "MemoryLimit")) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Unit uses MemoryLimit=; please use MemoryMax= instead. Support for MemoryLimit= will be removed soon.");
+                c->memory_limit = bytes;
+        } else
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_tasks_max(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        TasksMax *tasks_max = data;
+        uint64_t v;
+        int r;
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *tasks_max = u ? u->manager->default_tasks_max : TASKS_MAX_UNSET;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(rvalue, "infinity")) {
+                *tasks_max = TASKS_MAX_UNSET;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_permyriad(rvalue);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                *tasks_max = (TasksMax) { r, 10000U }; /* r‱ */
+        else {
+                r = safe_atou64(rvalue, &v);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid maximum tasks value '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (v <= 0 || v >= UINT64_MAX) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Maximum tasks value '%s' out of range, ignoring.", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                *tasks_max = (TasksMax) { v };
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_delegate(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        UnitType t;
+        int r;
+
+        t = unit_name_to_type(unit);
+        assert(t != _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID);
+
+        if (!unit_vtable[t]->can_delegate) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Delegate= setting not supported for this unit type, ignoring.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* We either accept a boolean value, which may be used to turn on delegation for all controllers, or
+         * turn it off for all. Or it takes a list of controller names, in which case we add the specified
+         * controllers to the mask to delegate. Delegate= enables delegation without any controllers. */
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* An empty string resets controllers and sets Delegate=yes. */
+                c->delegate = true;
+                c->delegate_controllers = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_boolean(rvalue);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                CGroupMask mask = 0;
+
+                for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                        CGroupController cc;
+
+                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        cc = cgroup_controller_from_string(word);
+                        if (cc < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid controller name '%s', ignoring", word);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        mask |= CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(cc);
+                }
+
+                c->delegate = true;
+                c->delegate_controllers |= mask;
+
+        } else if (r > 0) {
+                c->delegate = true;
+                c->delegate_controllers = _CGROUP_MASK_ALL;
+        } else {
+                c->delegate = false;
+                c->delegate_controllers = 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_managed_oom_mode(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ManagedOOMMode *mode = data, m;
+        UnitType t;
+
+        t = unit_name_to_type(unit);
+        assert(t != _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID);
+
+        if (!unit_vtable[t]->can_set_managed_oom)
+                return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "%s= is not supported for this unit type, ignoring.", lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *mode = MANAGED_OOM_AUTO;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        m = managed_oom_mode_from_string(rvalue);
+        if (m < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, m, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        *mode = m;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_managed_oom_mem_pressure_limit(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        uint32_t *limit = data;
+        UnitType t;
+        int r;
+
+        t = unit_name_to_type(unit);
+        assert(t != _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID);
+
+        if (!unit_vtable[t]->can_set_managed_oom)
+                return log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "%s= is not supported for this unit type, ignoring.", lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *limit = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_permyriad(rvalue);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse memory pressure limit value, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Normalize to 2^32-1 == 100% */
+        *limit = UINT32_SCALE_FROM_PERMYRIAD(r);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_device_allow(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        const char *p = rvalue;
+        int r;
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                while (c->device_allow)
+                        cgroup_context_free_device_allow(c, c->device_allow);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &path, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to extract device path and rights from '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(userdata, path, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", path);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!STARTSWITH_SET(resolved, "block-", "char-")) {
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, 0, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (!valid_device_node_path(resolved)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid device node path '%s', ignoring.", resolved);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!isempty(p) && !in_charset(p, "rwm")) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid device rights '%s', ignoring.", p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return cgroup_add_device_allow(c, resolved, p);
+}
+
+int config_parse_io_device_weight(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+        CGroupIODeviceWeight *w;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(rvalue);
+        uint64_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                while (c->io_device_weights)
+                        cgroup_context_free_io_device_weight(c, c->io_device_weights);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &path, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to extract device path and weight from '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r == 0 || isempty(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Invalid device path or weight specified in '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(userdata, path, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", path);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, 0, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = cg_weight_parse(p, &u);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "IO weight '%s' invalid, ignoring: %m", p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        assert(u != CGROUP_WEIGHT_INVALID);
+
+        w = new0(CGroupIODeviceWeight, 1);
+        if (!w)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        w->path = TAKE_PTR(resolved);
+        w->weight = u;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(device_weights, c->io_device_weights, w);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_io_device_latency(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+        CGroupIODeviceLatency *l;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(rvalue);
+        usec_t usec;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                while (c->io_device_latencies)
+                        cgroup_context_free_io_device_latency(c, c->io_device_latencies);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &path, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to extract device path and latency from '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r == 0 || isempty(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Invalid device path or latency specified in '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(userdata, path, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", path);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, 0, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = parse_sec(p, &usec);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse timer value, ignoring: %s", p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        l = new0(CGroupIODeviceLatency, 1);
+        if (!l)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        l->path = TAKE_PTR(resolved);
+        l->target_usec = usec;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(device_latencies, c->io_device_latencies, l);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_io_limit(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+        CGroupIODeviceLimit *l = NULL;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        CGroupIOLimitType type;
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(rvalue);
+        uint64_t num;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+
+        type = cgroup_io_limit_type_from_string(lvalue);
+        assert(type >= 0);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                LIST_FOREACH(device_limits, t, c->io_device_limits)
+                        t->limits[type] = cgroup_io_limit_defaults[type];
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &path, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to extract device node and bandwidth from '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r == 0 || isempty(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Invalid device node or bandwidth specified in '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(userdata, path, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", path);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, 0, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (streq("infinity", p))
+                num = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX;
+        else {
+                r = parse_size(p, 1000, &num);
+                if (r < 0 || num <= 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid IO limit '%s', ignoring.", p);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        LIST_FOREACH(device_limits, t, c->io_device_limits)
+                if (path_equal(resolved, t->path)) {
+                        l = t;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+        if (!l) {
+                CGroupIOLimitType ttype;
+
+                l = new0(CGroupIODeviceLimit, 1);
+                if (!l)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                l->path = TAKE_PTR(resolved);
+                for (ttype = 0; ttype < _CGROUP_IO_LIMIT_TYPE_MAX; ttype++)
+                        l->limits[ttype] = cgroup_io_limit_defaults[ttype];
+
+                LIST_PREPEND(device_limits, c->io_device_limits, l);
+        }
+
+        l->limits[type] = num;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_blockio_device_weight(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+        CGroupBlockIODeviceWeight *w;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(rvalue);
+        uint64_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+
+        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                   "Unit uses %s=; please use IO*= settings instead. Support for %s= will be removed soon.",
+                   lvalue, lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                while (c->blockio_device_weights)
+                        cgroup_context_free_blockio_device_weight(c, c->blockio_device_weights);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &path, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to extract device node and weight from '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r == 0 || isempty(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Invalid device node or weight specified in '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(userdata, path, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", path);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, 0, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = cg_blkio_weight_parse(p, &u);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid block IO weight '%s', ignoring: %m", p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        assert(u != CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_INVALID);
+
+        w = new0(CGroupBlockIODeviceWeight, 1);
+        if (!w)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        w->path = TAKE_PTR(resolved);
+        w->weight = u;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(device_weights, c->blockio_device_weights, w);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_blockio_bandwidth(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+        CGroupBlockIODeviceBandwidth *b = NULL;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(rvalue);
+        uint64_t bytes;
+        bool read;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+
+        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                   "Unit uses %s=; please use IO*= settings instead. Support for %s= will be removed soon.",
+                   lvalue, lvalue);
+
+        read = streq("BlockIOReadBandwidth", lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                LIST_FOREACH(device_bandwidths, t, c->blockio_device_bandwidths) {
+                        t->rbps = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX;
+                        t->wbps = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX;
+                }
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &path, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to extract device node and bandwidth from '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r == 0 || isempty(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Invalid device node or bandwidth specified in '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(userdata, path, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", path);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, 0, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = parse_size(p, 1000, &bytes);
+        if (r < 0 || bytes <= 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid Block IO Bandwidth '%s', ignoring.", p);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        LIST_FOREACH(device_bandwidths, t, c->blockio_device_bandwidths)
+                if (path_equal(resolved, t->path)) {
+                        b = t;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+        if (!b) {
+                b = new0(CGroupBlockIODeviceBandwidth, 1);
+                if (!b)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                b->path = TAKE_PTR(resolved);
+                b->rbps = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX;
+                b->wbps = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX;
+
+                LIST_PREPEND(device_bandwidths, c->blockio_device_bandwidths, b);
+        }
+
+        if (read)
+                b->rbps = bytes;
+        else
+                b->wbps = bytes;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_job_mode_isolate(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        JobMode *m = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = parse_boolean(rvalue);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse boolean, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        log_notice("%s is deprecated. Please use OnFailureJobMode= instead", lvalue);
+
+        *m = r ? JOB_ISOLATE : JOB_REPLACE;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exec_directories(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecDirectory *ed = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                exec_directory_done(ed);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *tuple = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &tuple, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax %s=%s, ignoring: %m", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                _cleanup_free_ char *src = NULL, *dest = NULL;
+                const char *q = tuple;
+                r = extract_many_words(&q, ":", EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS, &src, &dest, NULL);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r <= 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r ?: SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                   "Invalid syntax in %s=, ignoring: %s", lvalue, tuple);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                _cleanup_free_ char *sresolved = NULL;
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, src, &sresolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", src);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(sresolved, PATH_CHECK_RELATIVE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (path_startswith(sresolved, "private")) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                   "%s= path can't be 'private', ignoring assignment: %s", lvalue, tuple);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* For State and Runtime directories we support an optional destination parameter, which
+                 * will be used to create a symlink to the source. */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *dresolved = NULL;
+                if (!isempty(dest)) {
+                        if (streq(lvalue, "ConfigurationDirectory")) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                                           "Destination parameter is not supported for ConfigurationDirectory, ignoring: %s", tuple);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = unit_path_printf(u, dest, &dresolved);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                        "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", dest);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = path_simplify_and_warn(dresolved, PATH_CHECK_RELATIVE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                continue;
+                }
+
+                r = exec_directory_add(ed, sresolved, dresolved);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_set_credential(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ void *d = NULL;
+        ExecContext *context = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        ExecSetCredential *old;
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        bool encrypted = ltype;
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(rvalue);
+        size_t size;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                context->set_credentials = hashmap_free(context->set_credentials);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to extract credential name, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r == 0 || isempty(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_cred_printf(u, word, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", word);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (!credential_name_valid(k)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Credential name \"%s\" not valid, ignoring.", k);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (encrypted) {
+                r = unbase64mem_full(p, SIZE_MAX, true, &d, &size);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Encrypted credential data not valid Base64 data, ignoring.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        } else {
+                char *unescaped;
+                ssize_t l;
+
+                /* We support escape codes here, so that users can insert trailing \n if they like */
+                l = cunescape(p, UNESCAPE_ACCEPT_NUL, &unescaped);
+                if (l < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, l, "Can't unescape \"%s\", ignoring: %m", p);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                d = unescaped;
+                size = l;
+        }
+
+        old = hashmap_get(context->set_credentials, k);
+        if (old) {
+                free_and_replace(old->data, d);
+                old->size = size;
+                old->encrypted = encrypted;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(exec_set_credential_freep) ExecSetCredential *sc = NULL;
+
+                sc = new(ExecSetCredential, 1);
+                if (!sc)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                *sc = (ExecSetCredential) {
+                        .id = TAKE_PTR(k),
+                        .data = TAKE_PTR(d),
+                        .size = size,
+                        .encrypted = encrypted,
+                };
+
+                r = hashmap_ensure_put(&context->set_credentials, &exec_set_credential_hash_ops, sc->id, sc);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Duplicated credential value '%s', ignoring assignment: %s", sc->id, rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                TAKE_PTR(sc);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_load_credential(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *k = NULL, *q = NULL;
+        ExecContext *context = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        ExecLoadCredential *old;
+        bool encrypted = ltype;
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                context->load_credentials = hashmap_free(context->load_credentials);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        p = rvalue;
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_cred_printf(u, word, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", word);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (!credential_name_valid(k)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Credential name \"%s\" not valid, ignoring.", k);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(p)) {
+                /* If only one field is specified take it as shortcut for inheriting a credential named
+                 * the same way from our parent */
+                q = strdup(k);
+                if (!q)
+                        return log_oom();
+        } else {
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, p, &q);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", p);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (path_is_absolute(q) ? !path_is_normalized(q) : !credential_name_valid(q)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Credential source \"%s\" not valid, ignoring.", q);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        old = hashmap_get(context->load_credentials, k);
+        if (old) {
+                free_and_replace(old->path, q);
+                old->encrypted = encrypted;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(exec_load_credential_freep) ExecLoadCredential *lc = NULL;
+
+                lc = new(ExecLoadCredential, 1);
+                if (!lc)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                *lc = (ExecLoadCredential) {
+                        .id = TAKE_PTR(k),
+                        .path = TAKE_PTR(q),
+                        .encrypted = encrypted,
+                };
+
+                r = hashmap_ensure_put(&context->load_credentials, &exec_load_credential_hash_ops, lc->id, lc);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Duplicated credential value '%s', ignoring assignment: %s", lc->id, rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                TAKE_PTR(lc);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_set_status(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExitStatusSet *status_set = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                exit_status_set_free(status_set);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                Bitmap *bitmap;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, 0);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to parse %s=%s, ignoring: %m", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* We need to call exit_status_from_string() first, because we want
+                 * to parse numbers as exit statuses, not signals. */
+
+                r = exit_status_from_string(word);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        assert(r >= 0 && r < 256);
+                        bitmap = &status_set->status;
+                } else {
+                        r = signal_from_string(word);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                           "Failed to parse value, ignoring: %s", word);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                        bitmap = &status_set->signal;
+                }
+
+                r = bitmap_set(bitmap, r);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to set signal or status %s, ignoring: %m", word);
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_namespace_path_strv(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        char*** sv = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                *sv = strv_free(*sv);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *resolved = NULL, *joined = NULL;
+                const char *w;
+                bool ignore_enoent = false, shall_prefix = false;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to extract first word, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                w = word;
+                if (startswith(w, "-")) {
+                        ignore_enoent = true;
+                        w++;
+                }
+                if (startswith(w, "+")) {
+                        shall_prefix = true;
+                        w++;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, w, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s: %m", w);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                joined = strjoin(ignore_enoent ? "-" : "",
+                                 shall_prefix ? "+" : "",
+                                 resolved);
+
+                r = strv_push(sv, joined);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                joined = NULL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_temporary_filesystems(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                temporary_filesystem_free_many(c->temporary_filesystems, c->n_temporary_filesystems);
+                c->temporary_filesystems = NULL;
+                c->n_temporary_filesystems = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+                const char *w;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to extract first word, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                w = word;
+                r = extract_first_word(&w, &path, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to extract first word, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, path, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", path);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = temporary_filesystem_add(&c->temporary_filesystems, &c->n_temporary_filesystems, resolved, w);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_bind_paths(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                bind_mount_free_many(c->bind_mounts, c->n_bind_mounts);
+                c->bind_mounts = NULL;
+                c->n_bind_mounts = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *source = NULL, *destination = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *sresolved = NULL, *dresolved = NULL;
+                char *s = NULL, *d = NULL;
+                bool rbind = true, ignore_enoent = false;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &source, ":" WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = unit_full_printf_full(u, source, PATH_MAX, &sresolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", source);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                s = sresolved;
+                if (s[0] == '-') {
+                        ignore_enoent = true;
+                        s++;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(s, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Optionally, the destination is specified. */
+                if (p && p[-1] == ':') {
+                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &destination, ":" WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                        if (r == 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Missing argument after ':', ignoring: %s", s);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = unit_path_printf(u, destination, &dresolved);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                           "Failed to resolve specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", destination);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = path_simplify_and_warn(dresolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        d = dresolved;
+
+                        /* Optionally, there's also a short option string specified */
+                        if (p && p[-1] == ':') {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
+
+                                r = extract_first_word(&p, &options, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse %s=, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                                        return 0;
+                                }
+
+                                if (isempty(options) || streq(options, "rbind"))
+                                        rbind = true;
+                                else if (streq(options, "norbind"))
+                                        rbind = false;
+                                else {
+                                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid option string, ignoring setting: %s", options);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+                        }
+                } else
+                        d = s;
+
+                r = bind_mount_add(&c->bind_mounts, &c->n_bind_mounts,
+                                   &(BindMount) {
+                                           .source = s,
+                                           .destination = d,
+                                           .read_only = !!strstr(lvalue, "ReadOnly"),
+                                           .recursive = rbind,
+                                           .ignore_enoent = ignore_enoent,
+                                   });
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_mount_images(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                c->mount_images = mount_image_free_many(c->mount_images, &c->n_mount_images);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_(mount_options_free_allp) MountOptions *options = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *first = NULL, *second = NULL, *tuple = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *sresolved = NULL, *dresolved = NULL;
+                const char *q = NULL;
+                char *s = NULL;
+                bool permissive = false;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &tuple, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax %s=%s, ignoring: %m", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                q = tuple;
+                r = extract_many_words(&q, ":", EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS, &first, &second, NULL);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax in %s=, ignoring: %s", lvalue, tuple);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                s = first;
+                if (s[0] == '-') {
+                        permissive = true;
+                        s++;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, s, &sresolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", s);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(sresolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (isempty(second)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Missing destination in %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, second, &dresolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                        "Failed to resolve specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", second);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(dresolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *partition = NULL, *mount_options = NULL, *mount_options_resolved = NULL;
+                        MountOptions *o = NULL;
+                        PartitionDesignator partition_designator;
+
+                        r = extract_many_words(&q, ":", EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS, &partition, &mount_options, NULL);
+                        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", q);
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+                        /* Single set of options, applying to the root partition/single filesystem */
+                        if (r == 1) {
+                                r = unit_full_printf(u, partition, &mount_options_resolved);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", first);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                o = new(MountOptions, 1);
+                                if (!o)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                *o = (MountOptions) {
+                                        .partition_designator = PARTITION_ROOT,
+                                        .options = TAKE_PTR(mount_options_resolved),
+                                };
+                                LIST_APPEND(mount_options, options, o);
+
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        partition_designator = partition_designator_from_string(partition);
+                        if (partition_designator < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, partition_designator,
+                                           "Invalid partition name %s, ignoring", partition);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                        r = unit_full_printf(u, mount_options, &mount_options_resolved);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", mount_options);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        o = new(MountOptions, 1);
+                        if (!o)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        *o = (MountOptions) {
+                                .partition_designator = partition_designator,
+                                .options = TAKE_PTR(mount_options_resolved),
+                        };
+                        LIST_APPEND(mount_options, options, o);
+                }
+
+                r = mount_image_add(&c->mount_images, &c->n_mount_images,
+                                    &(MountImage) {
+                                            .source = sresolved,
+                                            .destination = dresolved,
+                                            .mount_options = options,
+                                            .ignore_enoent = permissive,
+                                            .type = MOUNT_IMAGE_DISCRETE,
+                                    });
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_extension_images(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                c->extension_images = mount_image_free_many(c->extension_images, &c->n_extension_images);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *source = NULL, *tuple = NULL, *sresolved = NULL;
+                _cleanup_(mount_options_free_allp) MountOptions *options = NULL;
+                bool permissive = false;
+                const char *q = NULL;
+                char *s = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &tuple, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax %s=%s, ignoring: %m", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                q = tuple;
+                r = extract_first_word(&q, &source, ":", EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Invalid syntax in %s=, ignoring: %s", lvalue, tuple);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                s = source;
+                if (s[0] == '-') {
+                        permissive = true;
+                        s++;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_path_printf(u, s, &sresolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in \"%s\", ignoring: %m", s);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = path_simplify_and_warn(sresolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *partition = NULL, *mount_options = NULL, *mount_options_resolved = NULL;
+                        MountOptions *o = NULL;
+                        PartitionDesignator partition_designator;
+
+                        r = extract_many_words(&q, ":", EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS, &partition, &mount_options, NULL);
+                        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid syntax, ignoring: %s", q);
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+                        /* Single set of options, applying to the root partition/single filesystem */
+                        if (r == 1) {
+                                r = unit_full_printf(u, partition, &mount_options_resolved);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", partition);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                o = new(MountOptions, 1);
+                                if (!o)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                *o = (MountOptions) {
+                                        .partition_designator = PARTITION_ROOT,
+                                        .options = TAKE_PTR(mount_options_resolved),
+                                };
+                                LIST_APPEND(mount_options, options, o);
+
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        partition_designator = partition_designator_from_string(partition);
+                        if (partition_designator < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid partition name %s, ignoring", partition);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                        r = unit_full_printf(u, mount_options, &mount_options_resolved);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", mount_options);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        o = new(MountOptions, 1);
+                        if (!o)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        *o = (MountOptions) {
+                                .partition_designator = partition_designator,
+                                .options = TAKE_PTR(mount_options_resolved),
+                        };
+                        LIST_APPEND(mount_options, options, o);
+                }
+
+                r = mount_image_add(&c->extension_images, &c->n_extension_images,
+                                    &(MountImage) {
+                                            .source = sresolved,
+                                            .mount_options = options,
+                                            .ignore_enoent = permissive,
+                                            .type = MOUNT_IMAGE_EXTENSION,
+                                    });
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_job_timeout_sec(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        usec_t usec;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = parse_sec_fix_0(rvalue, &usec);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse JobTimeoutSec= parameter, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* If the user explicitly changed JobTimeoutSec= also change JobRunningTimeoutSec=, for compatibility with old
+         * versions. If JobRunningTimeoutSec= was explicitly set, avoid this however as whatever the user picked should
+         * count. */
+
+        if (!u->job_running_timeout_set)
+                u->job_running_timeout = usec;
+
+        u->job_timeout = usec;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_job_running_timeout_sec(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        usec_t usec;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = parse_sec_fix_0(rvalue, &usec);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse JobRunningTimeoutSec= parameter, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        u->job_running_timeout = usec;
+        u->job_running_timeout_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_emergency_action(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Manager *m = NULL;
+        EmergencyAction *x = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (unit)
+                m = ((Unit*) userdata)->manager;
+        else
+                m = data;
+
+        r = parse_emergency_action(rvalue, MANAGER_IS_SYSTEM(m), x);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP && MANAGER_IS_USER(m)) {
+                        /* Compat mode: remove for systemd 241. */
+
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_INFO, filename, line, r,
+                                   "%s= in user mode specified as \"%s\", using \"exit-force\" instead.",
+                                   lvalue, rvalue);
+                        *x = EMERGENCY_ACTION_EXIT_FORCE;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "%s= specified as %s mode action, ignoring: %s",
+                                   lvalue, MANAGER_IS_SYSTEM(m) ? "user" : "system", rvalue);
+                else
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Failed to parse %s=, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_pid_file(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL, *n = NULL;
+        const Unit *u = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        char **s = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* An empty assignment removes already set value. */
+                *s = mfree(*s);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(u, rvalue, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* If this is a relative path make it absolute by prefixing the /run */
+        n = path_make_absolute(k, u->manager->prefix[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME]);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        /* Check that the result is a sensible path */
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(n, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = patch_var_run(unit, filename, line, lvalue, &n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free_and_replace(*s, n);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_exit_status(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int *exit_status = data, r;
+        uint8_t u;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(exit_status);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *exit_status = -1;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = safe_atou8(rvalue, &u);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse exit status '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        *exit_status = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_disable_controllers(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int r;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        CGroupMask disabled_mask;
+
+        /* 1. If empty, make all controllers eligible for use again.
+         * 2. If non-empty, merge all listed controllers, space separated. */
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                c->disable_controllers = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = cg_mask_from_string(rvalue, &disabled_mask);
+        if (r < 0 || disabled_mask <= 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid cgroup string: %s, ignoring", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        c->disable_controllers |= disabled_mask;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_ip_filter_bpf_progs(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
+        const Unit *u = userdata;
+        char ***paths = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *paths = strv_free(*paths);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(u, rvalue, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (strv_contains(*paths, resolved))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = strv_extend(paths, resolved);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bpf_firewall_supported();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r != BPF_FIREWALL_SUPPORTED_WITH_MULTI) {
+                static bool warned = false;
+
+                log_full(warned ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING,
+                         "File %s:%u configures an IP firewall with BPF programs (%s=%s), but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup based firewalling with multiple filters.\n"
+                         "Starting this unit will fail! (This warning is only shown for the first loaded unit using IP firewalling.)", filename, line, lvalue, rvalue);
+
+                warned = true;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_bpf_foreign_program(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL, *word = NULL;
+        CGroupContext *c = data;
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(rvalue);
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        int attach_type, r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                while (c->bpf_foreign_programs)
+                        cgroup_context_remove_bpf_foreign_program(c, c->bpf_foreign_programs);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, ":", 0);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse foreign BPF program, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r == 0 || isempty(p)) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid syntax in %s=, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        attach_type = bpf_cgroup_attach_type_from_string(word);
+        if (attach_type < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Unknown BPF attach type=%s, ignoring: %s", word, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = unit_path_printf(u, p, &resolved);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve unit specifiers in '%s', ignoring: %s", p, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = path_simplify_and_warn(resolved, PATH_CHECK_ABSOLUTE, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = cgroup_add_bpf_foreign_program(c, attach_type, resolved);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add foreign BPF program to cgroup context: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_cgroup_socket_bind(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ CGroupSocketBindItem *item = NULL;
+        CGroupSocketBindItem **head = data;
+        uint16_t nr_ports, port_min;
+        int af, ip_protocol, r;
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                cgroup_context_remove_socket_bind(head);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_socket_bind_item(rvalue, &af, &ip_protocol, &nr_ports, &port_min);
+        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                return log_oom();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                           "Unable to parse %s= assignment, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        item = new(CGroupSocketBindItem, 1);
+        if (!item)
+                return log_oom();
+        *item = (CGroupSocketBindItem) {
+                .address_family = af,
+                .ip_protocol = ip_protocol,
+                .nr_ports = nr_ports,
+                .port_min = port_min,
+        };
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(socket_bind_items, *head, TAKE_PTR(item));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_restrict_network_interfaces(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+        CGroupContext *c = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        bool is_allow_rule = true;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                c->restrict_network_interfaces = set_free_free(c->restrict_network_interfaces);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rvalue[0] == '~') {
+                is_allow_rule = false;
+                rvalue++;
+        }
+
+        if (set_isempty(c->restrict_network_interfaces))
+                /* Only initialize this when creating the set */
+                c->restrict_network_interfaces_is_allow_list = is_allow_rule;
+
+        for (const char *p = rvalue;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r,
+                                   "Trailing garbage in %s, ignoring: %s", lvalue, rvalue);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (!ifname_valid(word)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Invalid interface name, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (c->restrict_network_interfaces_is_allow_list != is_allow_rule)
+                        free(set_remove(c->restrict_network_interfaces, word));
+                else {
+                        r = set_put_strdup(&c->restrict_network_interfaces, word);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int merge_by_names(Unit **u, Set *names, const char *id) {
+        char *k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(*u);
+
+        /* Let's try to add in all names that are aliases of this unit */
+        while ((k = set_steal_first(names))) {
+                _cleanup_free_ _unused_ char *free_k = k;
+
+                /* First try to merge in the other name into our unit */
+                r = unit_merge_by_name(*u, k);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        Unit *other;
+
+                        /* Hmm, we couldn't merge the other unit into ours? Then let's try it the other way
+                         * round. */
+
+                        other = manager_get_unit((*u)->manager, k);
+                        if (!other)
+                                return r; /* return previous failure */
+
+                        r = unit_merge(other, *u);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        *u = other;
+                        return merge_by_names(u, names, NULL);
+                }
+
+                if (streq_ptr(id, k))
+                        unit_choose_id(*u, id);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_load_fragment(Unit *u) {
+        const char *fragment;
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *names = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(u->load_state == UNIT_STUB);
+        assert(u->id);
+
+        if (u->transient) {
+                u->access_selinux_context = mfree(u->access_selinux_context);
+                u->load_state = UNIT_LOADED;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Possibly rebuild the fragment map to catch new units */
+        r = unit_file_build_name_map(&u->manager->lookup_paths,
+                                     &u->manager->unit_cache_timestamp_hash,
+                                     &u->manager->unit_id_map,
+                                     &u->manager->unit_name_map,
+                                     &u->manager->unit_path_cache);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to rebuild name map: %m");
+
+        r = unit_file_find_fragment(u->manager->unit_id_map,
+                                    u->manager->unit_name_map,
+                                    u->id,
+                                    &fragment,
+                                    &names);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        if (fragment) {
+                /* Open the file, check if this is a mask, otherwise read. */
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+                struct stat st;
+
+                /* Try to open the file name. A symlink is OK, for example for linked files or masks. We
+                 * expect that all symlinks within the lookup paths have been already resolved, but we don't
+                 * verify this here. */
+                f = fopen(fragment, "re");
+                if (!f)
+                        return log_unit_notice_errno(u, errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", fragment);
+
+                if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = free_and_strdup(&u->fragment_path, fragment);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (null_or_empty(&st)) {
+                        /* Unit file is masked */
+
+                        u->load_state = u->perpetual ? UNIT_LOADED : UNIT_MASKED; /* don't allow perpetual units to ever be masked */
+                        u->fragment_mtime = 0;
+                        u->access_selinux_context = mfree(u->access_selinux_context);
+                } else {
+#if HAVE_SELINUX
+                        if (mac_selinux_use()) {
+                                _cleanup_freecon_ char *selcon = NULL;
+
+                                /* Cache the SELinux context of the unit file here. We'll make use of when checking access permissions to loaded units */
+                                r = fgetfilecon_raw(fileno(f), &selcon);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        log_unit_warning_errno(u, r, "Failed to read SELinux context of '%s', ignoring: %m", fragment);
+
+                                r = free_and_strdup(&u->access_selinux_context, selcon);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        } else
+#endif
+                                u->access_selinux_context = mfree(u->access_selinux_context);
+
+                        u->load_state = UNIT_LOADED;
+                        u->fragment_mtime = timespec_load(&st.st_mtim);
+
+                        /* Now, parse the file contents */
+                        r = config_parse(u->id, fragment, f,
+                                         UNIT_VTABLE(u)->sections,
+                                         config_item_perf_lookup, load_fragment_gperf_lookup,
+                                         0,
+                                         u,
+                                         NULL);
+                        if (r == -ENOEXEC)
+                                log_unit_notice_errno(u, r, "Unit configuration has fatal error, unit will not be started.");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Call merge_by_names with the name derived from the fragment path as the preferred name.
+         *
+         * We do the merge dance here because for some unit types, the unit might have aliases which are not
+         * declared in the file system. In particular, this is true (and frequent) for device and swap units.
+         */
+        const char *id = u->id;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *free_id = NULL;
+
+        if (fragment) {
+                id = basename(fragment);
+                if (unit_name_is_valid(id, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                        assert(u->instance); /* If we're not trying to use a template for non-instanced unit,
+                                              * this must be set. */
+
+                        r = unit_name_replace_instance(id, u->instance, &free_id);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to build id (%s + %s): %m", id, u->instance);
+                        id = free_id;
+                }
+        }
+
+        Unit *merged = u;
+        r = merge_by_names(&merged, names, id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (merged != u)
+                u->load_state = UNIT_MERGED;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void unit_dump_config_items(FILE *f) {
+        static const struct {
+                const ConfigParserCallback callback;
+                const char *rvalue;
+        } table[] = {
+                { config_parse_warn_compat,           "NOTSUPPORTED" },
+                { config_parse_int,                   "INTEGER" },
+                { config_parse_unsigned,              "UNSIGNED" },
+                { config_parse_iec_size,              "SIZE" },
+                { config_parse_iec_uint64,            "SIZE" },
+                { config_parse_si_uint64,             "SIZE" },
+                { config_parse_bool,                  "BOOLEAN" },
+                { config_parse_string,                "STRING" },
+                { config_parse_path,                  "PATH" },
+                { config_parse_unit_path_printf,      "PATH" },
+                { config_parse_colon_separated_paths, "PATH" },
+                { config_parse_strv,                  "STRING [...]" },
+                { config_parse_exec_nice,             "NICE" },
+                { config_parse_exec_oom_score_adjust, "OOMSCOREADJUST" },
+                { config_parse_exec_io_class,         "IOCLASS" },
+                { config_parse_exec_io_priority,      "IOPRIORITY" },
+                { config_parse_exec_cpu_sched_policy, "CPUSCHEDPOLICY" },
+                { config_parse_exec_cpu_sched_prio,   "CPUSCHEDPRIO" },
+                { config_parse_exec_cpu_affinity,     "CPUAFFINITY" },
+                { config_parse_mode,                  "MODE" },
+                { config_parse_unit_env_file,         "FILE" },
+                { config_parse_exec_output,           "OUTPUT" },
+                { config_parse_exec_input,            "INPUT" },
+                { config_parse_log_facility,          "FACILITY" },
+                { config_parse_log_level,             "LEVEL" },
+                { config_parse_exec_secure_bits,      "SECUREBITS" },
+                { config_parse_capability_set,        "BOUNDINGSET" },
+                { config_parse_rlimit,                "LIMIT" },
+                { config_parse_unit_deps,             "UNIT [...]" },
+                { config_parse_exec,                  "PATH [ARGUMENT [...]]" },
+                { config_parse_service_type,          "SERVICETYPE" },
+                { config_parse_service_exit_type,     "SERVICEEXITTYPE" },
+                { config_parse_service_restart,       "SERVICERESTART" },
+                { config_parse_service_timeout_failure_mode, "TIMEOUTMODE" },
+                { config_parse_kill_mode,             "KILLMODE" },
+                { config_parse_signal,                "SIGNAL" },
+                { config_parse_socket_listen,         "SOCKET [...]" },
+                { config_parse_socket_bind,           "SOCKETBIND" },
+                { config_parse_socket_bindtodevice,   "NETWORKINTERFACE" },
+                { config_parse_sec,                   "SECONDS" },
+                { config_parse_nsec,                  "NANOSECONDS" },
+                { config_parse_namespace_path_strv,   "PATH [...]" },
+                { config_parse_bind_paths,            "PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]] [...]" },
+                { config_parse_unit_requires_mounts_for, "PATH [...]" },
+                { config_parse_exec_mount_flags,      "MOUNTFLAG [...]" },
+                { config_parse_unit_string_printf,    "STRING" },
+                { config_parse_trigger_unit,          "UNIT" },
+                { config_parse_timer,                 "TIMER" },
+                { config_parse_path_spec,             "PATH" },
+                { config_parse_notify_access,         "ACCESS" },
+                { config_parse_ip_tos,                "TOS" },
+                { config_parse_unit_condition_path,   "CONDITION" },
+                { config_parse_unit_condition_string, "CONDITION" },
+                { config_parse_unit_slice,            "SLICE" },
+                { config_parse_documentation,         "URL" },
+                { config_parse_service_timeout,       "SECONDS" },
+                { config_parse_emergency_action,      "ACTION" },
+                { config_parse_set_status,            "STATUS" },
+                { config_parse_service_sockets,       "SOCKETS" },
+                { config_parse_environ,               "ENVIRON" },
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+                { config_parse_syscall_filter,        "SYSCALLS" },
+                { config_parse_syscall_archs,         "ARCHS" },
+                { config_parse_syscall_errno,         "ERRNO" },
+                { config_parse_syscall_log,           "SYSCALLS" },
+                { config_parse_address_families,      "FAMILIES" },
+                { config_parse_restrict_namespaces,   "NAMESPACES"  },
+#endif
+                { config_parse_restrict_filesystems,  "FILESYSTEMS"  },
+                { config_parse_cpu_shares,            "SHARES" },
+                { config_parse_cg_weight,             "WEIGHT" },
+                { config_parse_cg_cpu_weight,         "CPUWEIGHT" },
+                { config_parse_memory_limit,          "LIMIT" },
+                { config_parse_device_allow,          "DEVICE" },
+                { config_parse_device_policy,         "POLICY" },
+                { config_parse_io_limit,              "LIMIT" },
+                { config_parse_io_device_weight,      "DEVICEWEIGHT" },
+                { config_parse_io_device_latency,     "DEVICELATENCY" },
+                { config_parse_blockio_bandwidth,     "BANDWIDTH" },
+                { config_parse_blockio_weight,        "WEIGHT" },
+                { config_parse_blockio_device_weight, "DEVICEWEIGHT" },
+                { config_parse_long,                  "LONG" },
+                { config_parse_socket_service,        "SERVICE" },
+#if HAVE_SELINUX
+                { config_parse_exec_selinux_context,  "LABEL" },
+#endif
+                { config_parse_job_mode,              "MODE" },
+                { config_parse_job_mode_isolate,      "BOOLEAN" },
+                { config_parse_personality,           "PERSONALITY" },
+        };
+
+        const char *prev = NULL;
+        const char *i;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(i, load_fragment_gperf_nulstr) {
+                const char *rvalue = "OTHER", *lvalue;
+                const ConfigPerfItem *p;
+                const char *dot;
+
+                assert_se(p = load_fragment_gperf_lookup(i, strlen(i)));
+
+                /* Hide legacy settings */
+                if (p->parse == config_parse_warn_compat &&
+                    p->ltype == DISABLED_LEGACY)
+                        continue;
+
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(table); j++)
+                        if (p->parse == table[j].callback) {
+                                rvalue = table[j].rvalue;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                dot = strchr(i, '.');
+                lvalue = dot ? dot + 1 : i;
+
+                if (dot) {
+                        size_t prefix_len = dot - i;
+
+                        if (!prev || !strneq(prev, i, prefix_len+1)) {
+                                if (prev)
+                                        fputc('\n', f);
+
+                                fprintf(f, "[%.*s]\n", (int) prefix_len, i);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                fprintf(f, "%s=%s\n", lvalue, rvalue);
+                prev = i;
+        }
+}
+
+int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        CPUSet *affinity = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+
+        (void) parse_cpu_set_extend(rvalue, affinity, true, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_show_status(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int k;
+        ShowStatus *b = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        k = parse_show_status(rvalue, b);
+        if (k < 0)
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, k, "Failed to parse show status setting, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_output_restricted(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        ExecOutput t, *eo = ASSERT_PTR(data);
+        bool obsolete = false;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (streq(rvalue, "syslog")) {
+                t = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
+                obsolete = true;
+        } else if (streq(rvalue, "syslog+console")) {
+                t = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE;
+                obsolete = true;
+        } else {
+                t = exec_output_from_string(rvalue);
+                if (t < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, t, "Failed to parse output type, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (IN_SET(t, EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET, EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Standard output types socket, fd:, file:, append:, truncate: are not supported as defaults, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (obsolete)
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_NOTICE, filename, line, 0,
+                           "Standard output type %s is obsolete, automatically updating to %s. Please update your configuration.",
+                           rvalue, exec_output_to_string(t));
+
+        *eo = t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_crash_chvt(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        r = parse_crash_chvt(rvalue, data);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse CrashChangeVT= setting, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_swap_priority(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Swap *s = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r, priority;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                s->parameters_fragment.priority = -1;
+                s->parameters_fragment.priority_set = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = safe_atoi(rvalue, &priority);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Invalid swap priority '%s', ignoring.", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (priority < -1) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Sorry, swap priorities smaller than -1 may only be assigned by the kernel itself, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (priority > 32767) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0, "Swap priority out of range, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        s->parameters_fragment.priority = priority;
+        s->parameters_fragment.priority_set = true;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_watchdog_sec(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        usec_t *usec = data;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        /* This is called for {Runtime,Reboot,KExec}WatchdogSec= where "default" maps to
+         * USEC_INFINITY internally. */
+
+        if (streq(rvalue, "default"))
+                *usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+        else if (streq(rvalue, "off"))
+                *usec = 0;
+        else
+                return config_parse_sec(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, rvalue, data, userdata);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_tty_size(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        unsigned *sz = data;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                *sz = UINT_MAX;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return config_parse_unsigned(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, rvalue, data, userdata);
+}