Adding upstream version 252.22.upstream/252.22

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

21 files changed, 6050 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/portable/meson.build b/src/portable/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61f7924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+systemd_portabled_sources = files(
+        'portable.c',
+        'portable.h',
+        'portabled-bus.c',
+        'portabled-image-bus.c',
+        'portabled-image-bus.h',
+        'portabled-image.c',
+        'portabled-image.h',
+        'portabled-operation.c',
+        'portabled-operation.h',
+        'portabled.c',
+        'portabled.h',
+)
+
+if conf.get('ENABLE_PORTABLED') == 1
+        install_data('org.freedesktop.portable1.conf',
+                     install_dir : dbuspolicydir)
+        install_data('org.freedesktop.portable1.service',
+                     install_dir : dbussystemservicedir)
+        install_data('org.freedesktop.portable1.policy',
+                     install_dir : polkitpolicydir)
+
+        install_data('profile/default/service.conf', install_dir : profiledir / 'default')
+        install_data('profile/nonetwork/service.conf', install_dir : profiledir / 'nonetwork')
+        install_data('profile/strict/service.conf', install_dir : profiledir / 'strict')
+        install_data('profile/trusted/service.conf', install_dir : profiledir / 'trusted')
+endif
diff --git a/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.conf b/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4899305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE busconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Bus Configuration 1.0//EN"
+        "https://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/busconfig.dtd">
+
+<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
+
+<busconfig>
+
+        <policy user="root">
+                <allow own="org.freedesktop.portable1"/>
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"/>
+                <allow receive_sender="org.freedesktop.portable1"/>
+        </policy>
+
+        <policy context="default">
+                <deny send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"/>
+
+                <!-- generic interfaces -->
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"
+                       send_member="Get"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"
+                       send_member="GetAll"/>
+
+                <!-- Manager object -->
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetImage"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ListImages"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetImageOSRelease"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetImageMetadata"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetImageState"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="AttachImage"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="DetachImage"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ReattachImage"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="RemoveImage"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="MarkImageReadOnly"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="SetImageLimit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager"
+                       send_member="SetPoolLimit"/>
+
+                <!-- Image object -->
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="GetOSRelease"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="GetMetadata"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="GetState"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="Attach"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="Detach"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="Reattach"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="Remove"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="MarkReadOnly"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.portable1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.portable1.Image"
+                       send_member="SetLimit"/>
+
+                <allow receive_sender="org.freedesktop.portable1"/>
+        </policy>
+
+</busconfig>
diff --git a/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.policy b/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.policy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a26b00f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.policy
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
+        "https://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
+
+<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
+
+<policyconfig>
+
+        <vendor>The systemd Project</vendor>
+        <vendor_url>https://systemd.io</vendor_url>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.portable1.inspect-images">
+                <description gettext-domain="systemd">Inspect a portable service image</description>
+                <message gettext-domain="systemd">Authentication is required to inspect a portable service image.</message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+        </action>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.portable1.attach-images">
+                <description gettext-domain="systemd">Attach or detach a portable service image</description>
+                <message gettext-domain="systemd">Authentication is required to attach or detach a portable service image.</message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+                <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.imply">org.freedesktop.systemd1.reload-daemon</annotate>
+        </action>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.portable1.manage-images">
+                <description gettext-domain="systemd">Delete or modify portable service image</description>
+                <message gettext-domain="systemd">Authentication is required to delete or modify a portable service image.</message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+        </action>
+
+</policyconfig>
diff --git a/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.service b/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..873746e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/org.freedesktop.portable1.service
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+[D-BUS Service]
+Name=org.freedesktop.portable1
+Exec=/bin/false
+User=root
+SystemdService=dbus-org.freedesktop.portable1.service
diff --git a/src/portable/portable.c b/src/portable/portable.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70f9071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portable.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1890 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <linux/loop.h>
+
+#include "bus-common-errors.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "conf-files.h"
+#include "copy.h"
+#include "data-fd-util.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "discover-image.h"
+#include "dissect-image.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "extension-release.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "install.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "loop-util.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "path-lookup.h"
+#include "portable.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "selinux-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+/* Markers used in the first line of our 20-portable.conf unit file drop-in to determine, that a) the unit file was
+ * dropped there by the portable service logic and b) for which image it was dropped there. */
+#define PORTABLE_DROPIN_MARKER_BEGIN "# Drop-in created for image '"
+#define PORTABLE_DROPIN_MARKER_END "', do not edit."
+
+static bool prefix_match(const char *unit, const char *prefix) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        p = startswith(unit, prefix);
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        /* Only respect prefixes followed by dash or dot or when there's a complete match */
+        return IN_SET(*p, '-', '.', '@', 0);
+}
+
+static bool unit_match(const char *unit, char **matches) {
+        const char *dot;
+
+        dot = strrchr(unit, '.');
+        if (!dot)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!STR_IN_SET(dot, ".service", ".socket", ".target", ".timer", ".path"))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Empty match expression means: everything */
+        if (strv_isempty(matches))
+                return true;
+
+        /* Otherwise, at least one needs to match */
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, matches)
+                if (prefix_match(unit, *i))
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static PortableMetadata *portable_metadata_new(const char *name, const char *path, const char *selinux_label, int fd) {
+        PortableMetadata *m;
+
+        m = malloc0(offsetof(PortableMetadata, name) + strlen(name) + 1);
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* In case of a layered attach, we want to remember which image the unit came from */
+        if (path) {
+                m->image_path = strdup(path);
+                if (!m->image_path)
+                        return mfree(m);
+        }
+
+        /* The metadata file might have SELinux labels, we need to carry them and reapply them */
+        if (!isempty(selinux_label)) {
+                m->selinux_label = strdup(selinux_label);
+                if (!m->selinux_label) {
+                        free(m->image_path);
+                        return mfree(m);
+                }
+        }
+
+        strcpy(m->name, name);
+        m->fd = fd;
+
+        return TAKE_PTR(m);
+}
+
+PortableMetadata *portable_metadata_unref(PortableMetadata *i) {
+        if (!i)
+                return NULL;
+
+        safe_close(i->fd);
+        free(i->source);
+        free(i->image_path);
+        free(i->selinux_label);
+
+        return mfree(i);
+}
+
+static int compare_metadata(PortableMetadata *const *x, PortableMetadata *const *y) {
+        return strcmp((*x)->name, (*y)->name);
+}
+
+int portable_metadata_hashmap_to_sorted_array(Hashmap *unit_files, PortableMetadata ***ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ PortableMetadata **sorted = NULL;
+        PortableMetadata *item;
+        size_t k = 0;
+
+        sorted = new(PortableMetadata*, hashmap_size(unit_files));
+        if (!sorted)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(item, unit_files)
+                sorted[k++] = item;
+
+        assert(k == hashmap_size(unit_files));
+
+        typesafe_qsort(sorted, k, compare_metadata);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(sorted);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int send_one_fd_iov_with_data_fd(
+                int socket_fd,
+                const struct iovec *iov,
+                size_t iovlen,
+                int fd) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int data_fd = -1;
+
+        assert(iov || iovlen == 0);
+        assert(socket_fd >= 0);
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        data_fd = copy_data_fd(fd);
+        if (data_fd < 0)
+                return data_fd;
+
+        return send_one_fd_iov(socket_fd, data_fd, iov, iovlen, 0);
+}
+
+DEFINE_PRIVATE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(portable_metadata_hash_ops, char, string_hash_func, string_compare_func,
+                                              PortableMetadata, portable_metadata_unref);
+
+static int extract_now(
+                const char *where,
+                char **matches,
+                const char *image_name,
+                bool path_is_extension,
+                bool relax_extension_release_check,
+                int socket_fd,
+                PortableMetadata **ret_os_release,
+                Hashmap **ret_unit_files) {
+
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *unit_files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata *os_release = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths paths = {};
+        _cleanup_close_ int os_release_fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *os_release_path = NULL;
+        const char *os_release_id;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Extracts the metadata from a directory tree 'where'. Extracts two kinds of information: the /etc/os-release
+         * data, and all unit files matching the specified expression. Note that this function is called in two very
+         * different but also similar contexts. When the tool gets invoked on a directory tree, we'll process it
+         * directly, and in-process, and thus can return the requested data directly, via 'ret_os_release' and
+         * 'ret_unit_files'. However, if the tool is invoked on a raw disk image — which needs to be mounted first — we
+         * are invoked in a child process with private mounts and then need to send the collected data to our
+         * parent. To handle both cases in one call this function also gets a 'socket_fd' parameter, which when >= 0 is
+         * used to send the data to the parent. */
+
+        assert(where);
+
+        /* First, find os-release/extension-release and send it upstream (or just save it). */
+        if (path_is_extension) {
+                os_release_id = strjoina("/usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.", image_name);
+                r = open_extension_release(where, image_name, relax_extension_release_check, &os_release_path, &os_release_fd);
+        } else {
+                os_release_id = "/etc/os-release";
+                r = open_os_release(where, &os_release_path, &os_release_fd);
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r,
+                                "Couldn't acquire %s file, ignoring: %m",
+                                path_is_extension ? "extension-release " : "os-release");
+        else {
+                if (socket_fd >= 0) {
+                        struct iovec iov[] = {
+                                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(os_release_id),
+                                IOVEC_MAKE((char *)"\0", sizeof(char)),
+                        };
+
+                        r = send_one_fd_iov_with_data_fd(socket_fd, iov, ELEMENTSOF(iov), os_release_fd);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to send os-release file: %m");
+                }
+
+                if (ret_os_release) {
+                        os_release = portable_metadata_new(os_release_id, NULL, NULL, os_release_fd);
+                        if (!os_release)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        os_release_fd = -1;
+                        os_release->source = TAKE_PTR(os_release_path);
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Then, send unit file data to the parent (or/and add it to the hashmap). For that we use our usual unit
+         * discovery logic. Note that we force looking inside of /lib/systemd/system/ for units too, as we mightbe
+         * compiled for a split-usr system but the image might be a legacy-usr one. */
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR, where);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to acquire lookup paths: %m");
+
+        unit_files = hashmap_new(&portable_metadata_hash_ops);
+        if (!unit_files)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, paths.search_path) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+
+                r = chase_symlinks_and_opendir(*i, where, 0, &resolved, &d);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to open unit path '%s', ignoring: %m", *i);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to read directory: %m")) {
+                        _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata *m = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_(mac_selinux_freep) char *con = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+                        struct stat st;
+
+                        if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!unit_match(de->d_name, matches))
+                                continue;
+
+                        /* Filter out duplicates */
+                        if (hashmap_get(unit_files, de->d_name))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_LNK, DT_REG))
+                                continue;
+
+                        fd = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_CLOEXEC|O_RDONLY);
+                        if (fd < 0) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open unit file '%s', ignoring: %m", de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Reject empty files, just in case */
+                        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat unit file '%s', ignoring: %m", de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (st.st_size <= 0) {
+                                log_debug("Unit file '%s' is empty, ignoring.", de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+#if HAVE_SELINUX
+                        /* The units will be copied on the host's filesystem, so if they had a SELinux label
+                         * we have to preserve it. Copy it out so that it can be applied later. */
+
+                        r = fgetfilecon_raw(fd, &con);
+                        if (r < 0 && !ERRNO_IS_XATTR_ABSENT(errno))
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to get SELinux file context from '%s', ignoring: %m", de->d_name);
+#endif
+
+                        if (socket_fd >= 0) {
+                                struct iovec iov[] = {
+                                        IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(de->d_name),
+                                        IOVEC_MAKE((char *)"\0", sizeof(char)),
+                                        IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(strempty(con)),
+                                };
+
+                                r = send_one_fd_iov_with_data_fd(socket_fd, iov, ELEMENTSOF(iov), fd);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to send unit metadata to parent: %m");
+                        }
+
+                        m = portable_metadata_new(de->d_name, where, con, fd);
+                        if (!m)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        fd = -1;
+
+                        m->source = path_join(resolved, de->d_name);
+                        if (!m->source)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = hashmap_put(unit_files, m->name, m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to add unit to hashmap: %m");
+                        m = NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (ret_os_release)
+                *ret_os_release = TAKE_PTR(os_release);
+        if (ret_unit_files)
+                *ret_unit_files = TAKE_PTR(unit_files);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int portable_extract_by_path(
+                const char *path,
+                bool path_is_extension,
+                bool relax_extension_release_check,
+                char **matches,
+                PortableMetadata **ret_os_release,
+                Hashmap **ret_unit_files,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *unit_files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata* os_release = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp) LoopDevice *d = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = loop_device_make_by_path(path, O_RDONLY, LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN, LOCK_SH, &d);
+        if (r == -EISDIR) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *image_name = NULL;
+
+                /* We can't turn this into a loop-back block device, and this returns EISDIR? Then this is a directory
+                 * tree and not a raw device. It's easy then. */
+
+                r = path_extract_filename(path, &image_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to extract image name from path '%s': %m", path);
+
+                r = extract_now(path, matches, image_name, path_is_extension, /* relax_extension_release_check= */ false, -1, &os_release, &unit_files);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to set up loopback device for %s: %m", path);
+        else {
+                _cleanup_(dissected_image_unrefp) DissectedImage *m = NULL;
+                _cleanup_(rmdir_and_freep) char *tmpdir = NULL;
+                _cleanup_(close_pairp) int seq[2] = { -1, -1 };
+                _cleanup_(sigkill_waitp) pid_t child = 0;
+
+                /* We now have a loopback block device, let's fork off a child in its own mount namespace, mount it
+                 * there, and extract the metadata we need. The metadata is sent from the child back to us. */
+
+                BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGCHLD);
+
+                r = mkdtemp_malloc("/tmp/inspect-XXXXXX", &tmpdir);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
+
+                r = dissect_loop_device(
+                                d,
+                                NULL, NULL,
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_GENERIC_ROOT |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_REQUIRE_ROOT |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_RELAX_VAR_CHECK |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_USR_NO_ROOT |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_ADD_PARTITION_DEVICES |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_PIN_PARTITION_DEVICES,
+                                &m);
+                if (r == -ENOPKG)
+                        sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Couldn't identify a suitable partition table or file system in '%s'.", path);
+                else if (r == -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+                        sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "No root partition for specified root hash found in '%s'.", path);
+                else if (r == -ENOTUNIQ)
+                        sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Multiple suitable root partitions found in image '%s'.", path);
+                else if (r == -ENXIO)
+                        sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "No suitable root partition found in image '%s'.", path);
+                else if (r == -EPROTONOSUPPORT)
+                        sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Device '%s' is loopback block device with partition scanning turned off, please turn it on.", path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, seq) < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to allocated SOCK_SEQPACKET socket: %m");
+
+                r = safe_fork("(sd-dissect)", FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_DEATHSIG|FORK_NEW_MOUNTNS|FORK_MOUNTNS_SLAVE|FORK_LOG, &child);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        DissectImageFlags flags = DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY;
+
+                        seq[0] = safe_close(seq[0]);
+
+                        if (path_is_extension)
+                                flags |= DISSECT_IMAGE_VALIDATE_OS_EXT | (relax_extension_release_check ? DISSECT_IMAGE_RELAX_SYSEXT_CHECK : 0);
+                        else
+                                flags |= DISSECT_IMAGE_VALIDATE_OS;
+
+                        r = dissected_image_mount(m, tmpdir, UID_INVALID, UID_INVALID, flags);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to mount dissected image: %m");
+                                goto child_finish;
+                        }
+
+                        r = extract_now(tmpdir, matches, m->image_name, path_is_extension, relax_extension_release_check, seq[1], NULL, NULL);
+
+                child_finish:
+                        _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                }
+
+                seq[1] = safe_close(seq[1]);
+
+                unit_files = hashmap_new(&portable_metadata_hash_ops);
+                if (!unit_files)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata *add = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+                        /* We use NAME_MAX space for the SELinux label here. The kernel currently enforces no limit, but
+                         * according to suggestions from the SELinux people this will change and it will probably be
+                         * identical to NAME_MAX. For now we use that, but this should be updated one day when the final
+                         * limit is known. */
+                        char iov_buffer[PATH_MAX + NAME_MAX + 2];
+                        struct iovec iov = IOVEC_INIT(iov_buffer, sizeof(iov_buffer));
+
+                        ssize_t n = receive_one_fd_iov(seq[0], &iov, 1, 0, &fd);
+                        if (n == -EIO)
+                                break;
+                        if (n < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(n, "Failed to receive item: %m");
+                        iov_buffer[n] = 0;
+
+                        /* We can't really distinguish a zero-length datagram without any fds from EOF (both are signalled the
+                         * same way by recvmsg()). Hence, accept either as end notification. */
+                        if (isempty(iov_buffer) && fd < 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (isempty(iov_buffer) || fd < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Invalid item sent from child.");
+
+                        /* Given recvmsg cannot be used with multiple io vectors if you don't know the size in advance,
+                         * use a marker to separate the name and the optional SELinux context. */
+                        char *selinux_label = memchr(iov_buffer, 0, n);
+                        assert(selinux_label);
+                        selinux_label++;
+
+                        add = portable_metadata_new(iov_buffer, path, selinux_label, fd);
+                        if (!add)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        fd = -1;
+
+                        /* Note that we do not initialize 'add->source' here, as the source path is not usable here as
+                         * it refers to a path only valid in the short-living namespaced child process we forked
+                         * here. */
+
+                        if (PORTABLE_METADATA_IS_UNIT(add)) {
+                                r = hashmap_put(unit_files, add->name, add);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to add item to unit file list: %m");
+
+                                add = NULL;
+
+                        } else if (PORTABLE_METADATA_IS_OS_RELEASE(add) || PORTABLE_METADATA_IS_EXTENSION_RELEASE(add)) {
+
+                                assert(!os_release);
+                                os_release = TAKE_PTR(add);
+                        } else
+                                assert_not_reached();
+                }
+
+                r = wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-dissect)", child, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                child = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!os_release)
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error,
+                                         SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                         "Image '%s' lacks %s data, refusing.",
+                                         path,
+                                         path_is_extension ? "extension-release" : "os-release");
+
+        if (ret_unit_files)
+                *ret_unit_files = TAKE_PTR(unit_files);
+
+        if (ret_os_release)
+                *ret_os_release = TAKE_PTR(os_release);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int extract_image_and_extensions(
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                char **matches,
+                char **extension_image_paths,
+                bool validate_sysext,
+                bool relax_extension_release_check,
+                Image **ret_image,
+                OrderedHashmap **ret_extension_images,
+                OrderedHashmap **ret_extension_releases,
+                PortableMetadata **ret_os_release,
+                Hashmap **ret_unit_files,
+                char ***ret_valid_prefixes,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *id = NULL, *version_id = NULL, *sysext_level = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata *os_release = NULL;
+        _cleanup_ordered_hashmap_free_ OrderedHashmap *extension_images = NULL, *extension_releases = NULL;
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *unit_files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **valid_prefixes = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *image = NULL;
+        Image *ext;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_or_path);
+
+        r = image_find_harder(IMAGE_PORTABLE, name_or_path, NULL, &image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(extension_image_paths)) {
+                extension_images = ordered_hashmap_new(&image_hash_ops);
+                if (!extension_images)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (ret_extension_releases) {
+                        extension_releases = ordered_hashmap_new(&portable_metadata_hash_ops);
+                        if (!extension_releases)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(p, extension_image_paths) {
+                        _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *new = NULL;
+
+                        r = image_find_harder(IMAGE_PORTABLE, *p, NULL, &new);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = ordered_hashmap_put(extension_images, new->name, new);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        TAKE_PTR(new);
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = portable_extract_by_path(image->path, /* path_is_extension= */ false, /* relax_extension_release_check= */ false, matches, &os_release, &unit_files, error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* If we are layering extension images on top of a runtime image, check that the os-release and
+         * extension-release metadata match, otherwise reject it immediately as invalid, or it will fail when
+         * the units are started. Also, collect valid portable prefixes if caller requested that. */
+        if (validate_sysext || ret_valid_prefixes) {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *prefixes = NULL;
+
+                r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&os_release->fd, "r", &f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = parse_env_file(f, os_release->name,
+                                   "ID", &id,
+                                   "VERSION_ID", &version_id,
+                                   "SYSEXT_LEVEL", &sysext_level,
+                                   "PORTABLE_PREFIXES", &prefixes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (isempty(id))
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESTALE), "Image %s os-release metadata lacks the ID field", name_or_path);
+
+                if (prefixes) {
+                        valid_prefixes = strv_split(prefixes, WHITESPACE);
+                        if (!valid_prefixes)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+        }
+
+        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(ext, extension_images) {
+                _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata *extension_release_meta = NULL;
+                _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *extra_unit_files = NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **extension_release = NULL;
+                _cleanup_close_ int extension_release_fd = -1;
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+                const char *e;
+
+                r = portable_extract_by_path(ext->path, /* path_is_extension= */ true, relax_extension_release_check, matches, &extension_release_meta, &extra_unit_files, error);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = hashmap_move(unit_files, extra_unit_files);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!validate_sysext && !ret_valid_prefixes && !ret_extension_releases)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* We need to keep the fd valid, to return the PortableMetadata to the caller. */
+                extension_release_fd = fd_reopen(extension_release_meta->fd, O_CLOEXEC|O_RDONLY);
+                if (extension_release_fd < 0)
+                        return extension_release_fd;
+
+                r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&extension_release_fd, "r", &f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = load_env_file_pairs(f, extension_release_meta->name, &extension_release);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (validate_sysext) {
+                        r = extension_release_validate(ext->path, id, version_id, sysext_level, "portable", extension_release);
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESTALE), "Image %s extension-release metadata does not match the root's", ext->path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to compare image %s extension-release metadata with the root's os-release: %m", ext->path);
+                }
+
+                e = strv_env_pairs_get(extension_release, "PORTABLE_PREFIXES");
+                if (e) {
+                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+
+                        l = strv_split(e, WHITESPACE);
+                        if (!l)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = strv_extend_strv(&valid_prefixes, l, true);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                if (ret_extension_releases) {
+                        r = ordered_hashmap_put(extension_releases, ext->name, extension_release_meta);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        TAKE_PTR(extension_release_meta);
+                }
+        }
+
+        strv_sort(valid_prefixes);
+
+        if (ret_image)
+                *ret_image = TAKE_PTR(image);
+        if (ret_extension_images)
+                *ret_extension_images = TAKE_PTR(extension_images);
+        if (ret_extension_releases)
+                *ret_extension_releases = TAKE_PTR(extension_releases);
+        if (ret_os_release)
+                *ret_os_release = TAKE_PTR(os_release);
+        if (ret_unit_files)
+                *ret_unit_files = TAKE_PTR(unit_files);
+        if (ret_valid_prefixes)
+                *ret_valid_prefixes = TAKE_PTR(valid_prefixes);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int portable_extract(
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                char **matches,
+                char **extension_image_paths,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableMetadata **ret_os_release,
+                OrderedHashmap **ret_extension_releases,
+                Hashmap **ret_unit_files,
+                char ***ret_valid_prefixes,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata *os_release = NULL;
+        _cleanup_ordered_hashmap_free_ OrderedHashmap *extension_images = NULL, *extension_releases = NULL;
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *unit_files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(strv_freep) char **valid_prefixes = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *image = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_or_path);
+
+        r = extract_image_and_extensions(
+                        name_or_path,
+                        matches,
+                        extension_image_paths,
+                        /* validate_sysext= */ false,
+                        /* relax_extension_release_check= */ FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT),
+                        &image,
+                        &extension_images,
+                        &extension_releases,
+                        &os_release,
+                        &unit_files,
+                        ret_valid_prefixes ? &valid_prefixes : NULL,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (hashmap_isempty(unit_files)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *extensions = strv_join(extension_image_paths, ", ");
+                if (!extensions)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error,
+                                         SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                         "Couldn't find any matching unit files in image '%s%s%s', refusing.",
+                                         image->path,
+                                         isempty(extensions) ? "" : "' or any of its extensions '",
+                                         isempty(extensions) ? "" : extensions);
+        }
+
+        if (ret_os_release)
+                *ret_os_release = TAKE_PTR(os_release);
+        if (ret_extension_releases)
+                *ret_extension_releases = TAKE_PTR(extension_releases);
+        if (ret_unit_files)
+                *ret_unit_files = TAKE_PTR(unit_files);
+        if (ret_valid_prefixes)
+                *ret_valid_prefixes = TAKE_PTR(valid_prefixes);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int unit_file_is_active(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *name,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        static const char *const active_states[] = {
+                "activating",
+                "active",
+                "reloading",
+                "deactivating",
+                NULL,
+        };
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return false;
+
+        /* If we are looking at a plain or instance things are easy, we can just query the state */
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *buf = NULL;
+
+                path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                path,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                                "ActiveState",
+                                error,
+                                &buf);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to retrieve unit state: %s", bus_error_message(error, r));
+
+                return strv_contains((char**) active_states, buf);
+        }
+
+        /* Otherwise we need to enumerate. But let's build the most restricted query we can */
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+                const char *at, *prefix, *joined;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                                bus,
+                                &m,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ListUnitsByPatterns");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, (char**) active_states);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                at = strchr(name, '@');
+                assert(at);
+
+                prefix = strndupa_safe(name, at + 1 - name);
+                joined = strjoina(prefix, "*", at + 1);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, STRV_MAKE(joined));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, error, &reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(error, r));
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "ssssssouso");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return r > 0;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int portable_changes_add(
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes,
+                int type_or_errno, /* PORTABLE_COPY, PORTABLE_SYMLINK, … if positive, or errno if negative */
+                const char *path,
+                const char *source) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *s = NULL;
+        PortableChange *c;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(!changes == !n_changes);
+
+        if (type_or_errno >= 0)
+                assert(type_or_errno < _PORTABLE_CHANGE_TYPE_MAX);
+        else
+                assert(type_or_errno >= -ERRNO_MAX);
+
+        if (!changes)
+                return 0;
+
+        c = reallocarray(*changes, *n_changes + 1, sizeof(PortableChange));
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        *changes = c;
+
+        p = strdup(path);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        path_simplify(p);
+
+        if (source) {
+                s = strdup(source);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                path_simplify(s);
+        }
+
+        c[(*n_changes)++] = (PortableChange) {
+                .type_or_errno = type_or_errno,
+                .path = TAKE_PTR(p),
+                .source = TAKE_PTR(s),
+        };
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int portable_changes_add_with_prefix(
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes,
+                int type_or_errno,
+                const char *prefix,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *source) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path_buf = NULL, *source_buf = NULL;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(!changes == !n_changes);
+
+        if (!changes)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (prefix) {
+                path_buf = path_join(prefix, path);
+                if (!path_buf)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                path = path_buf;
+
+                if (source) {
+                        source_buf = path_join(prefix, source);
+                        if (!source_buf)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        source = source_buf;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, type_or_errno, path, source);
+}
+
+void portable_changes_free(PortableChange *changes, size_t n_changes) {
+        size_t i;
+
+        assert(changes || n_changes == 0);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n_changes; i++) {
+                free(changes[i].path);
+                free(changes[i].source);
+        }
+
+        free(changes);
+}
+
+static const char *root_setting_from_image(ImageType type) {
+        return IN_SET(type, IMAGE_DIRECTORY, IMAGE_SUBVOLUME) ? "RootDirectory=" : "RootImage=";
+}
+
+static const char *extension_setting_from_image(ImageType type) {
+        return IN_SET(type, IMAGE_DIRECTORY, IMAGE_SUBVOLUME) ? "ExtensionDirectories=" : "ExtensionImages=";
+}
+
+static int make_marker_text(const char *image_path, OrderedHashmap *extension_images, char **ret_text) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *text = NULL, *escaped_image_path = NULL;
+        Image *ext;
+
+        assert(image_path);
+        assert(ret_text);
+
+        escaped_image_path = xescape(image_path, ":");
+        if (!escaped_image_path)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* If the image is layered, include all layers in the marker as a colon-separated
+         * list of paths, so that we can do exact matches on removal. */
+        text = strjoin(PORTABLE_DROPIN_MARKER_BEGIN, escaped_image_path);
+        if (!text)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(ext, extension_images) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *escaped = NULL;
+
+                escaped = xescape(ext->path, ":");
+                if (!escaped)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!strextend(&text, ":", escaped))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (!strextend(&text, PORTABLE_DROPIN_MARKER_END "\n"))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret_text = TAKE_PTR(text);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_chroot_dropin(
+                const char *image_path,
+                ImageType type,
+                OrderedHashmap *extension_images,
+                const PortableMetadata *m,
+                const char *dropin_dir,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                char **ret_dropin,
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *text = NULL, *dropin = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(image_path);
+        assert(m);
+        assert(dropin_dir);
+
+        dropin = path_join(dropin_dir, "20-portable.conf");
+        if (!dropin)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = make_marker_text(image_path, extension_images, &text);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to generate marker string for portable drop-in: %m");
+
+        if (endswith(m->name, ".service")) {
+                const char *os_release_source, *root_type;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *base_name = NULL;
+                Image *ext;
+
+                root_type = root_setting_from_image(type);
+
+                if (access("/etc/os-release", F_OK) < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to check if /etc/os-release exists: %m");
+
+                        os_release_source = "/usr/lib/os-release";
+                } else
+                        os_release_source = "/etc/os-release";
+
+                r = path_extract_filename(m->image_path ?: image_path, &base_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to extract basename from '%s': %m", m->image_path ?: image_path);
+
+                if (!strextend(&text,
+                               "\n"
+                               "[Service]\n",
+                               root_type, image_path, "\n"
+                               "Environment=PORTABLE=", base_name, "\n"
+                               "BindReadOnlyPaths=", os_release_source, ":/run/host/os-release\n"
+                               "LogExtraFields=PORTABLE=", base_name, "\n"))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (m->image_path && !path_equal(m->image_path, image_path))
+                        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(ext, extension_images)
+                                if (!strextend(&text,
+                                               extension_setting_from_image(ext->type),
+                                               ext->path,
+                                               /* With --force tell PID1 to avoid enforcing that the image <name> and
+                                                * extension-release.<name> have to match. */
+                                               !IN_SET(type, IMAGE_DIRECTORY, IMAGE_SUBVOLUME) &&
+                                                   FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT) ?
+                                                       ":x-systemd.relax-extension-release-check" :
+                                                       "",
+                                               "\n"))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        r = write_string_file(dropin, text, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC|WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to write '%s': %m", dropin);
+
+        (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_WRITE, dropin, NULL);
+
+        if (ret_dropin)
+                *ret_dropin = TAKE_PTR(dropin);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_profile_dropin(
+                const char *image_path,
+                const PortableMetadata *m,
+                const char *dropin_dir,
+                const char *profile,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                char **ret_dropin,
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dropin = NULL, *from = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(image_path);
+        assert(m);
+        assert(dropin_dir);
+
+        if (!profile)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = find_portable_profile(profile, m->name, &from);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Profile '%s' is not accessible: %m", profile);
+
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Skipping link to profile '%s', as it does not exist: %m", profile);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        dropin = path_join(dropin_dir, "10-profile.conf");
+        if (!dropin)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (flags & PORTABLE_PREFER_COPY) {
+
+                r = copy_file_atomic(from, dropin, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK|COPY_FSYNC);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to copy %s %s %s: %m", from, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), dropin);
+
+                (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_COPY, dropin, from);
+
+        } else {
+
+                if (symlink(from, dropin) < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to link %s %s %s: %m", from, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), dropin);
+
+                (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_SYMLINK, dropin, from);
+        }
+
+        if (ret_dropin)
+                *ret_dropin = TAKE_PTR(dropin);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *attached_path(const LookupPaths *paths, PortableFlags flags) {
+        const char *where;
+
+        assert(paths);
+
+        if (flags & PORTABLE_RUNTIME)
+                where = paths->runtime_attached;
+        else
+                where = paths->persistent_attached;
+
+        assert(where);
+        return where;
+}
+
+static int attach_unit_file(
+                const LookupPaths *paths,
+                const char *image_path,
+                ImageType type,
+                OrderedHashmap *extension_images,
+                const PortableMetadata *m,
+                const char *profile,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *chroot_dropin = NULL, *profile_dropin = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(rmdir_and_freep) char *dropin_dir = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        const char *where;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(paths);
+        assert(image_path);
+        assert(m);
+        assert(PORTABLE_METADATA_IS_UNIT(m));
+
+        where = attached_path(paths, flags);
+
+        (void) mkdir_parents(where, 0755);
+        if (mkdir(where, 0755) < 0) {
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to create attach directory %s: %m", where);
+        } else
+                (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_MKDIR, where, NULL);
+
+        path = path_join(where, m->name);
+        if (!path)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        dropin_dir = strjoin(path, ".d");
+        if (!dropin_dir)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (mkdir(dropin_dir, 0755) < 0) {
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to create drop-in directory %s: %m", dropin_dir);
+        } else
+                (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_MKDIR, dropin_dir, NULL);
+
+        /* We install the drop-ins first, and the actual unit file last to achieve somewhat atomic behaviour if PID 1
+         * is reloaded while we are creating things here: as long as only the drop-ins exist the unit doesn't exist at
+         * all for PID 1. */
+
+        r = install_chroot_dropin(image_path, type, extension_images, m, dropin_dir, flags, &chroot_dropin, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = install_profile_dropin(image_path, m, dropin_dir, profile, flags, &profile_dropin, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if ((flags & PORTABLE_PREFER_SYMLINK) && m->source) {
+
+                if (symlink(m->source, path) < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to symlink unit file '%s': %m", path);
+
+                (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_SYMLINK, path, m->source);
+
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *tmp = NULL;
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+                (void) mac_selinux_create_file_prepare_label(path, m->selinux_label);
+
+                fd = open_tmpfile_linkable(path, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC, &tmp);
+                mac_selinux_create_file_clear(); /* Clear immediately in case of errors */
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(fd, "Failed to create unit file '%s': %m", path);
+
+                r = copy_bytes(m->fd, fd, UINT64_MAX, COPY_REFLINK);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to copy unit file '%s': %m", path);
+
+                if (fchmod(fd, 0644) < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to change unit file access mode for '%s': %m", path);
+
+                r = link_tmpfile(fd, tmp, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to install unit file '%s': %m", path);
+
+                tmp = mfree(tmp);
+
+                (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_COPY, path, m->source);
+        }
+
+        /* All is established now, now let's disable any rollbacks */
+        chroot_dropin = mfree(chroot_dropin);
+        profile_dropin = mfree(profile_dropin);
+        dropin_dir = mfree(dropin_dir);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int image_symlink(
+                const char *image_path,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                char **ret) {
+
+        const char *fn, *where;
+        char *joined = NULL;
+
+        assert(image_path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        fn = last_path_component(image_path);
+
+        if (flags & PORTABLE_RUNTIME)
+                where = "/run/portables/";
+        else
+                where = "/etc/portables/";
+
+        joined = strjoin(where, fn);
+        if (!joined)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = joined;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_image_symlink(
+                const char *image_path,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *sl = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(image_path);
+
+        /* If the image is outside of the image search also link it into it, so that it can be found with short image
+         * names and is listed among the images. */
+
+        if (image_in_search_path(IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, image_path))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = image_symlink(image_path, flags, &sl);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to generate image symlink path: %m");
+
+        (void) mkdir_parents(sl, 0755);
+
+        if (symlink(image_path, sl) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to link %s %s %s: %m", image_path, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), sl);
+
+        (void) portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_SYMLINK, sl, image_path);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int install_image_and_extensions_symlinks(
+                const Image *image,
+                OrderedHashmap *extension_images,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes) {
+
+        Image *ext;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(image);
+
+        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(ext, extension_images) {
+                r = install_image_symlink(ext->path, flags, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = install_image_symlink(image->path, flags, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool prefix_matches_compatible(char **matches, char **valid_prefixes) {
+        /* Checks if all 'matches' are included in the list of 'valid_prefixes' */
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(m, matches)
+                if (!strv_contains(valid_prefixes, *m))
+                        return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int portable_attach(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                char **matches,
+                const char *profile,
+                char **extension_image_paths,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_ordered_hashmap_free_ OrderedHashmap *extension_images = NULL;
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *unit_files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths paths = {};
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **valid_prefixes = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *image = NULL;
+        PortableMetadata *item;
+        int r;
+
+        r = extract_image_and_extensions(
+                        name_or_path,
+                        matches,
+                        extension_image_paths,
+                        /* validate_sysext= */ true,
+                        /* relax_extension_release_check= */ FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT),
+                        &image,
+                        &extension_images,
+                        /* extension_releases= */ NULL,
+                        /* os_release= */ NULL,
+                        &unit_files,
+                        &valid_prefixes,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (valid_prefixes && !prefix_matches_compatible(matches, valid_prefixes)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *matches_joined = NULL, *extensions_joined = NULL, *valid_prefixes_joined = NULL;
+
+                matches_joined = strv_join(matches, "', '");
+                if (!matches_joined)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                extensions_joined = strv_join(extension_image_paths, ", ");
+                if (!extensions_joined)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                valid_prefixes_joined = strv_join(valid_prefixes, ", ");
+                if (!valid_prefixes_joined)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(
+                                error,
+                                SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                "Selected matches '%s' are not compatible with portable service image '%s%s%s', refusing. (Acceptable prefix matches are: %s)",
+                                matches_joined,
+                                image->path,
+                                isempty(extensions_joined) ? "" : "' or any of its extensions '",
+                                strempty(extensions_joined),
+                                valid_prefixes_joined);
+        }
+
+        if (hashmap_isempty(unit_files)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *extensions_joined = strv_join(extension_image_paths, ", ");
+                if (!extensions_joined)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(
+                                error,
+                                SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                "Couldn't find any matching unit files in image '%s%s%s', refusing.",
+                                image->path,
+                                isempty(extensions_joined) ? "" : "' or any of its extensions '",
+                                strempty(extensions_joined));
+        }
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_REATTACH) && !FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_FORCE_ATTACH))
+                HASHMAP_FOREACH(item, unit_files) {
+                        r = unit_file_exists(LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, &paths, item->name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to determine whether unit '%s' exists on the host: %m", item->name);
+                        if (r > 0)
+                                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_UNIT_EXISTS, "Unit file '%s' exists on the host already, refusing.", item->name);
+
+                        r = unit_file_is_active(bus, item->name, error);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r > 0)
+                                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_UNIT_EXISTS, "Unit file '%s' is active already, refusing.", item->name);
+                }
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(item, unit_files) {
+                r = attach_unit_file(&paths, image->path, image->type, extension_images,
+                                     item, profile, flags, changes, n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to attach unit '%s': %m", item->name);
+        }
+
+        /* We don't care too much for the image symlink, it's just a convenience thing, it's not necessary for proper
+         * operation otherwise. */
+        (void) install_image_and_extensions_symlinks(image, extension_images, flags, changes, n_changes);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool marker_matches_images(const char *marker, const char *name_or_path, char **extension_image_paths) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **root_and_extensions = NULL;
+        const char *a;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(marker);
+        assert(name_or_path);
+
+        /* If extensions were used when attaching, the marker will be a colon-separated
+         * list of images/paths. We enforce strict 1:1 matching, so that we are sure
+         * we are detaching exactly what was attached.
+         * For each image, starting with the root, we look for a token in the marker,
+         * and return a negative answer on any non-matching combination. */
+
+        root_and_extensions = strv_new(name_or_path);
+        if (!root_and_extensions)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = strv_extend_strv(&root_and_extensions, extension_image_paths, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(image_name_or_path, root_and_extensions) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *image = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&marker, &image, ":", EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse marker: %s", marker);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                a = last_path_component(image);
+
+                if (image_name_is_valid(*image_name_or_path)) {
+                        const char *e, *underscore;
+
+                        /* We shall match against an image name. In that case let's compare the last component, and optionally
+                        * allow either a suffix of ".raw" or a series of "/".
+                        * But allow matching on a different version of the same image, when a "_" is used as a separator. */
+                        underscore = strchr(*image_name_or_path, '_');
+                        if (underscore) {
+                                if (strneq(a, *image_name_or_path, underscore - *image_name_or_path))
+                                        continue;
+                                return false;
+                        }
+
+                        e = startswith(a, *image_name_or_path);
+                        if (!e)
+                                return false;
+
+                        if(!(e[strspn(e, "/")] == 0 || streq(e, ".raw")))
+                                return false;
+                } else {
+                        const char *b, *underscore;
+                        size_t l;
+
+                        /* We shall match against a path. Let's ignore any prefix here though, as often there are many ways to
+                         * reach the same file. However, in this mode, let's validate any file suffix.
+                         * But also ensure that we don't fail if both components don't have a '/' at all
+                         * (strcspn returns the full length of the string in that case, which might not
+                         * match as the versions might differ). */
+
+                        l = strcspn(a, "/");
+                        b = last_path_component(*image_name_or_path);
+
+                        if ((a[l] != '/') != !strchr(b, '/')) /* One is a directory, the other is not */
+                                return false;
+
+                        if (a[l] != 0 && strcspn(b, "/") != l)
+                                return false;
+
+                        underscore = strchr(b, '_');
+                        if (underscore)
+                                l = underscore - b;
+                        else { /* Either component could be versioned */
+                                underscore = strchr(a, '_');
+                                if (underscore)
+                                        l = underscore - a;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!strneq(a, b, l))
+                                return false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static int test_chroot_dropin(
+                DIR *d,
+                const char *where,
+                const char *fname,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                char **extension_image_paths,
+                char **ret_marker) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *marker = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        const char *p, *e, *k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(d);
+        assert(where);
+        assert(fname);
+
+        /* We recognize unis created from portable images via the drop-in we created for them */
+
+        p = strjoina(fname, ".d/20-portable.conf");
+        fd = openat(dirfd(d), p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s/%s: %m", where, p);
+        }
+
+        r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&fd, "r", &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to convert file handle: %m");
+
+        r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read from %s/%s: %m", where, p);
+
+        e = startswith(line, PORTABLE_DROPIN_MARKER_BEGIN);
+        if (!e)
+                return 0;
+
+        k = endswith(e, PORTABLE_DROPIN_MARKER_END);
+        if (!k)
+                return 0;
+
+        marker = strndup(e, k - e);
+        if (!marker)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!name_or_path)
+                r = true;
+        else
+                r = marker_matches_images(marker, name_or_path, extension_image_paths);
+
+        if (ret_marker)
+                *ret_marker = TAKE_PTR(marker);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int portable_detach(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                char **extension_image_paths,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableChange **changes,
+                size_t *n_changes,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths paths = {};
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *unit_files = NULL, *markers = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *extensions = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        const char *where, *item;
+        int ret = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_or_path);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        where = attached_path(&paths, flags);
+
+        d = opendir(where);
+        if (!d) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        goto not_found;
+
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open '%s' directory: %m", where);
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate '%s' directory: %m", where)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *marker = NULL, *unit_name = NULL;
+                const char *dot;
+
+                /* When a portable service is enabled with "portablectl --copy=symlink --enable --now attach",
+                 * and is disabled with "portablectl --enable --now detach", which calls DisableUnitFilesWithFlags
+                 * DBus method, the main unit file is removed, but its drop-ins are not. Hence, here we need
+                 * to list both main unit files and drop-in directories (without the main unit files). */
+
+                dot = endswith(de->d_name, ".d");
+                if (dot)
+                        unit_name = strndup(de->d_name, dot - de->d_name);
+                else
+                        unit_name = strdup(de->d_name);
+                if (!unit_name)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(unit_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Filter out duplicates */
+                if (set_contains(unit_files, unit_name))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (dot ? !IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_LNK, DT_DIR) : !IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_LNK, DT_REG))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = test_chroot_dropin(d, where, unit_name, name_or_path, extension_image_paths, &marker);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_REATTACH) && !FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_FORCE_ATTACH)) {
+                        r = unit_file_is_active(bus, unit_name, error);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r > 0)
+                                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_UNIT_EXISTS, "Unit file '%s' is active, can't detach.", unit_name);
+                }
+
+                r = set_ensure_consume(&unit_files, &string_hash_ops_free, TAKE_PTR(unit_name));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom_debug();
+
+                for (const char *p = marker;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *image = NULL;
+
+                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &image, ":", EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS|EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse marker: %s", p);
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (path_is_absolute(image) && !image_in_search_path(IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, image)) {
+                                r = set_ensure_consume(&markers, &path_hash_ops_free, TAKE_PTR(image));
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (set_isempty(unit_files))
+                goto not_found;
+
+        SET_FOREACH(item, unit_files) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *md = NULL;
+
+                if (unlinkat(dirfd(d), item, 0) < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Can't remove unit file %s/%s: %m", where, item);
+
+                        if (errno != ENOENT && ret >= 0)
+                                ret = -errno;
+                } else
+                        portable_changes_add_with_prefix(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_UNLINK, where, item, NULL);
+
+                FOREACH_STRING(suffix, ".d/10-profile.conf", ".d/20-portable.conf") {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *dropin = NULL;
+
+                        dropin = strjoin(item, suffix);
+                        if (!dropin)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        if (unlinkat(dirfd(d), dropin, 0) < 0) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Can't remove drop-in %s/%s: %m", where, dropin);
+
+                                if (errno != ENOENT && ret >= 0)
+                                        ret = -errno;
+                        } else
+                                portable_changes_add_with_prefix(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_UNLINK, where, dropin, NULL);
+                }
+
+                md = strjoin(item, ".d");
+                if (!md)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (unlinkat(dirfd(d), md, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Can't remove drop-in directory %s/%s: %m", where, md);
+
+                        if (errno != ENOENT && ret >= 0)
+                                ret = -errno;
+                } else
+                        portable_changes_add_with_prefix(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_UNLINK, where, md, NULL);
+        }
+
+        /* Now, also drop any image symlink, for images outside of the sarch path */
+        SET_FOREACH(item, markers) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *sl = NULL;
+                struct stat st;
+
+                r = image_symlink(item, flags, &sl);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine image symlink for '%s', ignoring: %m", item);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (lstat(sl, &st) < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat '%s', ignoring: %m", sl);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+                        log_debug("Image '%s' is not a symlink, ignoring.", sl);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (unlink(sl) < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Can't remove image symlink '%s': %m", sl);
+
+                        if (errno != ENOENT && ret >= 0)
+                                ret = -errno;
+                } else
+                        portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_UNLINK, sl, NULL);
+        }
+
+        /* Try to remove the unit file directory, if we can */
+        if (rmdir(where) >= 0)
+                portable_changes_add(changes, n_changes, PORTABLE_UNLINK, where, NULL);
+
+        return ret;
+
+not_found:
+        extensions = strv_join(extension_image_paths, ", ");
+        if (!extensions)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = sd_bus_error_setf(error,
+                              BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT,
+                              "No unit files associated with '%s%s%s' found attached to the system. Image not attached?",
+                              name_or_path,
+                              isempty(extensions) ? "" : "' or any of its extensions '",
+                              isempty(extensions) ? "" : extensions);
+        return log_debug_errno(r, "%s", error->message);
+}
+
+static int portable_get_state_internal(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                char **extension_image_paths,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableState *ret,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths paths = {};
+        bool found_enabled = false, found_running = false;
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *unit_files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        const char *where;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_or_path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        where = attached_path(&paths, flags);
+
+        d = opendir(where);
+        if (!d) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        /* If the 'attached' directory doesn't exist at all, then we know for sure this image isn't attached. */
+                        *ret = PORTABLE_DETACHED;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open '%s' directory: %m", where);
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate '%s' directory: %m", where)) {
+                UnitFileState state;
+
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Filter out duplicates */
+                if (set_contains(unit_files, de->d_name))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_LNK, DT_REG))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = test_chroot_dropin(d, where, de->d_name, name_or_path, extension_image_paths, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = unit_file_lookup_state(LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, &paths, de->d_name, &state);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine unit file state of '%s': %m", de->d_name);
+                if (!IN_SET(state, UNIT_FILE_STATIC, UNIT_FILE_DISABLED, UNIT_FILE_LINKED, UNIT_FILE_LINKED_RUNTIME))
+                        found_enabled = true;
+
+                r = unit_file_is_active(bus, de->d_name, error);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0)
+                        found_running = true;
+
+                r = set_put_strdup(&unit_files, de->d_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to add unit name '%s' to set: %m", de->d_name);
+        }
+
+        *ret = found_running ? (!set_isempty(unit_files) && (flags & PORTABLE_RUNTIME) ? PORTABLE_RUNNING_RUNTIME : PORTABLE_RUNNING) :
+                found_enabled ?            (flags & PORTABLE_RUNTIME ? PORTABLE_ENABLED_RUNTIME : PORTABLE_ENABLED) :
+                !set_isempty(unit_files) ? (flags & PORTABLE_RUNTIME ? PORTABLE_ATTACHED_RUNTIME : PORTABLE_ATTACHED) : PORTABLE_DETACHED;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int portable_get_state(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                char **extension_image_paths,
+                PortableFlags flags,
+                PortableState *ret,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        PortableState state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_or_path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* We look for matching units twice: once in the regular directories, and once in the runtime directories — but
+         * the latter only if we didn't find anything in the former. */
+
+        r = portable_get_state_internal(bus, name_or_path, extension_image_paths, flags & ~PORTABLE_RUNTIME, &state, error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (state == PORTABLE_DETACHED) {
+                r = portable_get_state_internal(bus, name_or_path, extension_image_paths, flags | PORTABLE_RUNTIME, &state, error);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = state;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int portable_get_profiles(char ***ret) {
+        assert(ret);
+
+        return conf_files_list_nulstr(ret, NULL, NULL, CONF_FILES_DIRECTORY|CONF_FILES_BASENAME|CONF_FILES_FILTER_MASKED, PORTABLE_PROFILE_DIRS);
+}
+
+static const char* const portable_change_type_table[_PORTABLE_CHANGE_TYPE_MAX] = {
+        [PORTABLE_COPY] = "copy",
+        [PORTABLE_MKDIR] = "mkdir",
+        [PORTABLE_SYMLINK] = "symlink",
+        [PORTABLE_UNLINK] = "unlink",
+        [PORTABLE_WRITE] = "write",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(portable_change_type, int);
+
+static const char* const portable_state_table[_PORTABLE_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [PORTABLE_DETACHED] = "detached",
+        [PORTABLE_ATTACHED] = "attached",
+        [PORTABLE_ATTACHED_RUNTIME] = "attached-runtime",
+        [PORTABLE_ENABLED] = "enabled",
+        [PORTABLE_ENABLED_RUNTIME] = "enabled-runtime",
+        [PORTABLE_RUNNING] = "running",
+        [PORTABLE_RUNNING_RUNTIME] = "running-runtime",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(portable_state, PortableState);
diff --git a/src/portable/portable.h b/src/portable/portable.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a33f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portable.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+typedef struct PortableMetadata {
+        int fd;
+        char *source;
+        char *image_path;
+        char *selinux_label;
+        char name[];
+} PortableMetadata;
+
+#define PORTABLE_METADATA_IS_OS_RELEASE(m) (streq((m)->name, "/etc/os-release"))
+#define PORTABLE_METADATA_IS_EXTENSION_RELEASE(m) (startswith((m)->name, "/usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release."))
+#define PORTABLE_METADATA_IS_UNIT(m) (!IN_SET((m)->name[0], 0, '/'))
+
+typedef enum PortableFlags {
+        PORTABLE_RUNTIME        = 1 << 0, /* Public API via DBUS, do not change */
+        PORTABLE_FORCE_ATTACH   = 1 << 1, /* Public API via DBUS, do not change */
+        PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT   = 1 << 2, /* Public API via DBUS, do not change */
+        PORTABLE_PREFER_COPY    = 1 << 3,
+        PORTABLE_PREFER_SYMLINK = 1 << 4,
+        PORTABLE_REATTACH       = 1 << 5,
+        _PORTABLE_MASK_PUBLIC   = PORTABLE_RUNTIME | PORTABLE_FORCE_ATTACH | PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT,
+        _PORTABLE_TYPE_MAX,
+        _PORTABLE_TYPE_INVALID  = -EINVAL,
+} PortableFlags;
+
+/* This enum is anonymous, since we usually store it in an 'int', as we overload it with negative errno
+ * values. */
+enum {
+        PORTABLE_COPY,
+        PORTABLE_SYMLINK,
+        PORTABLE_UNLINK,
+        PORTABLE_WRITE,
+        PORTABLE_MKDIR,
+        _PORTABLE_CHANGE_TYPE_MAX,
+        _PORTABLE_CHANGE_TYPE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+};
+
+typedef enum PortableState {
+        PORTABLE_DETACHED,
+        PORTABLE_ATTACHED,
+        PORTABLE_ATTACHED_RUNTIME,
+        PORTABLE_ENABLED,
+        PORTABLE_ENABLED_RUNTIME,
+        PORTABLE_RUNNING,
+        PORTABLE_RUNNING_RUNTIME,
+        _PORTABLE_STATE_MAX,
+        _PORTABLE_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} PortableState;
+
+typedef struct PortableChange {
+        int type_or_errno; /* PORTABLE_COPY, PORTABLE_SYMLINK, … if positive, errno if negative */
+        char *path;
+        char *source;
+} PortableChange;
+
+PortableMetadata *portable_metadata_unref(PortableMetadata *i);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(PortableMetadata*, portable_metadata_unref);
+
+int portable_metadata_hashmap_to_sorted_array(Hashmap *unit_files, PortableMetadata ***ret);
+
+int portable_extract(const char *image, char **matches, char **extension_image_paths, PortableFlags flags, PortableMetadata **ret_os_release, OrderedHashmap **ret_extension_releases, Hashmap **ret_unit_files, char ***ret_valid_prefixes, sd_bus_error *error);
+
+int portable_attach(sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **matches, const char *profile, char **extension_images, PortableFlags flags, PortableChange **changes, size_t *n_changes, sd_bus_error *error);
+int portable_detach(sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **extension_image_paths, PortableFlags flags, PortableChange **changes, size_t *n_changes, sd_bus_error *error);
+
+int portable_get_state(sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **extension_image_paths, PortableFlags flags, PortableState *ret, sd_bus_error *error);
+
+int portable_get_profiles(char ***ret);
+
+void portable_changes_free(PortableChange *changes, size_t n_changes);
+
+const char *portable_change_type_to_string(int t) _const_;
+int portable_change_type_from_string(const char *t) _pure_;
+
+const char *portable_state_to_string(PortableState t) _const_;
+PortableState portable_state_from_string(const char *t) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/portable/portablectl.c b/src/portable/portablectl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c9727c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portablectl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1445 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-locator.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
+#include "bus-wait-for-jobs.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "format-table.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "main-func.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-argument.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "portable.h"
+#include "pretty-print.h"
+#include "spawn-polkit-agent.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "verbs.h"
+
+static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags = 0;
+static bool arg_legend = true;
+static bool arg_ask_password = true;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+static const char *arg_profile = "default";
+static const char* arg_copy_mode = NULL;
+static bool arg_runtime = false;
+static bool arg_reload = true;
+static bool arg_cat = false;
+static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
+static const char *arg_host = NULL;
+static bool arg_enable = false;
+static bool arg_now = false;
+static bool arg_no_block = false;
+static char **arg_extension_images = NULL;
+static bool arg_force = false;
+
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_extension_images, strv_freep);
+
+static bool is_portable_managed(const char *unit) {
+        return ENDSWITH_SET(unit, ".service", ".target", ".socket", ".path", ".timer");
+}
+
+static int determine_image(const char *image, bool permit_non_existing, char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* If the specified name is a valid image name, we pass it as-is to portabled, which will search for it in the
+         * usual search directories. Otherwise we presume it's a path, and will normalize it on the client's side
+         * (among other things, to make the path independent of the client's working directory) before passing it
+         * over. */
+
+        if (image_name_is_valid(image)) {
+                char *c;
+
+                if (!arg_quiet && laccess(image, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        log_warning("Ambiguous invocation: current working directory contains file matching non-path argument '%s', ignoring. "
+                                    "Prefix argument with './' to force reference to file in current working directory.", image);
+
+                c = strdup(image);
+                if (!c)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                *ret = c;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+                                       "Operations on images by path not supported when connecting to remote systems.");
+
+        r = chase_symlinks(image, NULL, CHASE_TRAIL_SLASH | (permit_non_existing ? CHASE_NONEXISTENT : 0), ret, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Cannot normalize specified image path '%s': %m", image);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int attach_extensions_to_message(sd_bus_message *m, const char *method, char **extensions) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(method);
+
+        /* The new methods also have flags parameters that are independent of the extensions */
+        if (strv_isempty(extensions) && !endswith(method, "WithExtensions"))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, extensions) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *resolved_extension_image = NULL;
+
+                r = determine_image(
+                                *p,
+                                startswith(method, "Get") || startswith(method, "Detach"),
+                                &resolved_extension_image);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", resolved_extension_image);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int extract_prefix(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL;
+        const char *bn, *underscore;
+        size_t m;
+
+        bn = basename(path);
+
+        underscore = strchr(bn, '_');
+        if (underscore)
+                m = underscore - bn;
+        else {
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = endswith(bn, ".raw");
+                if (!e)
+                        e = strchr(bn, 0);
+
+                m = e - bn;
+        }
+
+        name = strndup(bn, m);
+        if (!name)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /*  A slightly reduced version of what's permitted in unit names. With ':' and '\' are removed, as well as '_'
+         *  which we use as delimiter for the second part of the image string, which we ignore for now. */
+        if (!in_charset(name, DIGITS LETTERS "-."))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!filename_is_valid(name))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(name);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int determine_matches(const char *image, char **l, bool allow_any, char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **k = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Determine the matches to apply. If the list is empty we derive the match from the image name. If the list
+         * contains exactly the "-" we return a wildcard list (which is the empty list), but only if this is expressly
+         * permitted. */
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+                char *prefix;
+
+                r = extract_prefix(image, &prefix);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to extract prefix of image name '%s': %m", image);
+
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        log_info("(Matching unit files with prefix '%s'.)", prefix);
+
+                r = strv_consume(&k, prefix);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+        } else if (strv_equal(l, STRV_MAKE("-"))) {
+
+                if (!allow_any)
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                               "Refusing all unit file match.");
+
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        log_info("(Matching all unit files.)");
+        } else {
+
+                k = strv_copy(l);
+                if (!k)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (!arg_quiet) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *joined = NULL;
+
+                        joined = strv_join(k, "', '");
+                        if (!joined)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        log_info("(Matching unit files with prefixes '%s'.)", joined);
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(k);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int acquire_bus(sd_bus **bus) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (*bus)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, false, bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_connect_error(r, arg_transport);
+
+        (void) sd_bus_set_allow_interactive_authorization(*bus, arg_ask_password);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int maybe_reload(sd_bus **bus) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!arg_reload)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        *bus,
+                        &m,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "Reload");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        /* Reloading the daemon may take long, hence set a longer timeout here */
+        r = sd_bus_call(*bus, m, DAEMON_RELOAD_TIMEOUT_SEC, &error, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reload daemon: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_image_metadata(sd_bus *bus, const char *image, char **matches, sd_bus_message **reply) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        uint64_t flags = arg_force ? PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT : 0;
+        const char *method;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+
+        method = strv_isempty(arg_extension_images) && !arg_force ? "GetImageMetadata" : "GetImageMetadataWithExtensions";
+
+        r = bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, bus_portable_mgr, method);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = attach_extensions_to_message(m, method, arg_extension_images);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        if (streq(method, "GetImageMetadataWithExtensions")) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "t", flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to inspect image metadata: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int inspect_image(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **matches = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *image = NULL;
+        bool nl = false, header = false;
+        const char *path;
+        const void *data;
+        size_t sz;
+        int r;
+
+        r = determine_image(argv[1], false, &image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = determine_matches(argv[1], argv + 2, true, &matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = get_image_metadata(bus, image, matches, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read_array(reply, 'y', &data, &sz);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        if (arg_cat) {
+                printf("%s-- OS Release: --%s\n", ansi_highlight(), ansi_normal());
+                fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
+                fflush(stdout);
+                nl = true;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_portable = NULL, *pretty_os = NULL;
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+
+                f = fmemopen_unlocked((void*) data, sz, "r");
+                if (!f)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /etc/os-release buffer: %m");
+
+                r = parse_env_file(f, "/etc/os-release",
+                                   "PORTABLE_PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_portable,
+                                   "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_os);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse /etc/os-release: %m");
+
+                printf("Image:\n\t%s\n"
+                       "Portable Service:\n\t%s\n"
+                       "Operating System:\n\t%s\n",
+                       path,
+                       strna(pretty_portable),
+                       strna(pretty_os));
+        }
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(arg_extension_images)) {
+                /* If we specified any extensions, we'll first get back exactly the paths (and
+                 * extension-release content) for each one of the arguments. */
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "{say}");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < strv_length(arg_extension_images); ++i) {
+                        const char *name;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'e', "say");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read_array(reply, 'y', &data, &sz);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (arg_cat) {
+                                if (nl)
+                                        fputc('\n', stdout);
+
+                                printf("%s-- Extension Release: %s --%s\n", ansi_highlight(), name, ansi_normal());
+                                fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
+                                fflush(stdout);
+                                nl = true;
+                        } else {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_portable = NULL, *pretty_os = NULL, *sysext_level = NULL,
+                                        *id = NULL, *version_id = NULL, *sysext_scope = NULL, *portable_prefixes = NULL;
+                                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+
+                                f = fmemopen_unlocked((void*) data, sz, "r");
+                                if (!f)
+                                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open extension-release buffer: %m");
+
+                                r = parse_env_file(f, name,
+                                                   "ID", &id,
+                                                   "VERSION_ID", &version_id,
+                                                   "SYSEXT_SCOPE", &sysext_scope,
+                                                   "SYSEXT_LEVEL", &sysext_level,
+                                                   "PORTABLE_PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_portable,
+                                                   "PORTABLE_PREFIXES", &portable_prefixes,
+                                                   "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_os);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse extension release from '%s': %m", name);
+
+                                printf("Extension:\n\t%s\n"
+                                       "\tExtension Scope:\n\t\t%s\n"
+                                       "\tExtension Compatibility Level:\n\t\t%s\n"
+                                       "\tPortable Service:\n\t\t%s\n"
+                                       "\tPortable Prefixes:\n\t\t%s\n"
+                                       "\tOperating System:\n\t\t%s (%s %s)\n",
+                                       name,
+                                       strna(sysext_scope),
+                                       strna(sysext_level),
+                                       strna(pretty_portable),
+                                       strna(portable_prefixes),
+                                       strna(pretty_os),
+                                       strna(id),
+                                       strna(version_id));
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "{say}");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *name;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'e', "say");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_array(reply, 'y', &data, &sz);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (arg_cat) {
+                        if (nl)
+                                fputc('\n', stdout);
+
+                        printf("%s-- Unit file: %s --%s\n", ansi_highlight(), name, ansi_normal());
+                        fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
+                        fflush(stdout);
+                        nl = true;
+                } else {
+                        if (!header) {
+                                fputs("Unit files:\n", stdout);
+                                header = true;
+                        }
+
+                        fputc('\t', stdout);
+                        fputs(name, stdout);
+                        fputc('\n', stdout);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int print_changes(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_quiet)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "(sss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *type, *path, *source;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sss)", &type, &path, &source);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (streq(type, "symlink"))
+                        log_info("Created symlink %s %s %s.", path, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), source);
+                else if (streq(type, "copy")) {
+                        if (isempty(source))
+                                log_info("Copied %s.", path);
+                        else
+                                log_info("Copied %s %s %s.", source, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), path);
+                } else if (streq(type, "unlink"))
+                        log_info("Removed %s.", path);
+                else if (streq(type, "write"))
+                        log_info("Written %s.", path);
+                else if (streq(type, "mkdir"))
+                        log_info("Created directory %s.", path);
+                else
+                        log_error("Unexpected change: %s/%s/%s", type, path, source);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int maybe_enable_disable(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, bool enable) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        InstallChange *changes = NULL;
+        const uint64_t flags = UNIT_FILE_PORTABLE | (arg_runtime ? UNIT_FILE_RUNTIME : 0);
+        size_t n_changes = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!arg_enable)
+                return 0;
+
+        names = strv_new(path, NULL);
+        if (!names)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                bus,
+                &m,
+                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                enable ? "EnableUnitFilesWithFlags" : "DisableUnitFilesWithFlags");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "t", flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to %s the portable service %s: %s",
+                        enable ? "enable" : "disable", path, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        if (enable) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_skip(reply, "b");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        (void) bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet, &changes, &n_changes);
+        install_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int maybe_start_stop_restart(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *method, BusWaitForJobs *wait) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        char *name = (char *)basename(path), *job = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(STR_IN_SET(method, "StartUnit", "StopUnit", "RestartUnit"));
+
+        if (!arg_now)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        bus_systemd_mgr,
+                        method,
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "ss", name, "replace");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to call %s on the portable service %s: %s",
+                                       method,
+                                       path,
+                                       bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &job);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        if (!arg_quiet)
+                log_info("Queued %s to call %s on portable service %s.", job, method, name);
+
+        if (wait) {
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs_add(wait, job);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to watch %s job to call %s on %s: %m",
+                                               job, method, name);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int maybe_enable_start(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *reply) {
+        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *wait = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!arg_enable && !arg_now)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &wait);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Could not watch jobs: %m");
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_rewind(reply, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "(sss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *type, *path, *source;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(sss)", &type, &path, &source);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (STR_IN_SET(type, "symlink", "copy") && is_portable_managed(path)) {
+                        (void) maybe_enable_disable(bus, path, true);
+                        (void) maybe_start_stop_restart(bus, path, "StartUnit", wait);
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs(wait, arg_quiet, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int maybe_stop_enable_restart(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *reply) {
+        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *wait = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!arg_enable && !arg_now)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &wait);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Could not watch jobs: %m");
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_rewind(reply, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* First we get a list of units that were definitely removed, not just re-attached,
+         * so we can also stop them if the user asked us to. */
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "(sss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *type, *path, *source;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(sss)", &type, &path, &source);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (streq(type, "unlink") && is_portable_managed(path))
+                        (void) maybe_start_stop_restart(bus, path, "StopUnit", wait);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Then we get a list of units that were either added or changed, so that we can
+         * enable them and/or restart them if the user asked us to. */
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "(sss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *type, *path, *source;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(sss)", &type, &path, &source);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (STR_IN_SET(type, "symlink", "copy") && is_portable_managed(path)) {
+                        (void) maybe_enable_disable(bus, path, true);
+                        (void) maybe_start_stop_restart(bus, path, "RestartUnit", wait);
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs(wait, arg_quiet, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int maybe_stop_disable(sd_bus *bus, char *image, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *wait = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **matches = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!arg_enable && !arg_now)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = determine_matches(argv[1], argv + 2, true, &matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &wait);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Could not watch jobs: %m");
+
+        r = get_image_metadata(bus, image, matches, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_skip(reply, "say");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        /* If we specified any extensions or --force (which makes the request go through the new
+         * WithExtensions calls), we'll first get an array of extension-release metadata. */
+        if (!strv_isempty(arg_extension_images) || arg_force) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_skip(reply, "a{say}");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "{say}");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *name;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'e', "say");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_skip(reply, "ay");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                (void) maybe_start_stop_restart(bus, name, "StopUnit", wait);
+                (void) maybe_enable_disable(bus, name, false);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        /* Stopping must always block or the detach will fail if the unit is still running */
+        r = bus_wait_for_jobs(wait, arg_quiet, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int attach_reattach_image(int argc, char *argv[], const char *method) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **matches = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *image = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(method);
+        assert(STR_IN_SET(method, "AttachImage", "ReattachImage", "AttachImageWithExtensions", "ReattachImageWithExtensions"));
+
+        r = determine_image(argv[1], false, &image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = determine_matches(argv[1], argv + 2, false, &matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(arg_transport, arg_ask_password);
+
+        r = bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, bus_portable_mgr, method);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = attach_extensions_to_message(m, method, arg_extension_images);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", arg_profile);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(method, "AttachImageWithExtensions", "ReattachImageWithExtensions")) {
+                uint64_t flags = (arg_runtime ? PORTABLE_RUNTIME : 0) | (arg_force ? PORTABLE_FORCE_ATTACH | PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT : 0);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "st", arg_copy_mode, flags);
+        } else
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "bs", arg_runtime, arg_copy_mode);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "%s failed: %s", method, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        (void) maybe_reload(&bus);
+
+        print_changes(reply);
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(method, "AttachImage", "AttachImageWithExtensions"))
+                (void) maybe_enable_start(bus, reply);
+        else {
+                /* ReattachImage returns 2 lists - removed units first, and changed/added second */
+                print_changes(reply);
+                (void) maybe_stop_enable_restart(bus, reply);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int attach_image(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        return attach_reattach_image(argc, argv, strv_isempty(arg_extension_images) && !arg_force ? "AttachImage" : "AttachImageWithExtensions");
+}
+
+static int reattach_image(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        return attach_reattach_image(argc, argv, strv_isempty(arg_extension_images) && !arg_force ? "ReattachImage" : "ReattachImageWithExtensions");
+}
+
+static int detach_image(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *image = NULL;
+        const char *method;
+        int r;
+
+        r = determine_image(argv[1], true, &image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(arg_transport, arg_ask_password);
+
+        (void) maybe_stop_disable(bus, image, argv);
+
+        method = strv_isempty(arg_extension_images) && !arg_force ? "DetachImage" : "DetachImageWithExtensions";
+
+        r = bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, bus_portable_mgr, method);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = attach_extensions_to_message(m, method, arg_extension_images);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (streq(method, "DetachImage"))
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "b", arg_runtime);
+        else {
+                uint64_t flags = (arg_runtime ? PORTABLE_RUNTIME : 0) | (arg_force ? PORTABLE_FORCE_ATTACH | PORTABLE_FORCE_SYSEXT : 0);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "t", flags);
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "%s failed: %s", method, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        (void) maybe_reload(&bus);
+
+        print_changes(reply);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_images(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *table = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_call_method(bus, bus_portable_mgr, "ListImages", &error, &reply, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list images: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        table = table_new("name", "type", "ro", "crtime", "mtime", "usage", "state");
+        if (!table)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "(ssbtttso)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *name, *type, *state;
+                uint64_t crtime, mtime, usage;
+                int ro_int;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(ssbtttso)", &name, &type, &ro_int, &crtime, &mtime, &usage, &state, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = table_add_many(table,
+                                   TABLE_STRING, name,
+                                   TABLE_STRING, type,
+                                   TABLE_BOOLEAN, ro_int,
+                                   TABLE_SET_COLOR, ro_int ? ansi_highlight_red() : NULL,
+                                   TABLE_TIMESTAMP, crtime,
+                                   TABLE_TIMESTAMP, mtime,
+                                   TABLE_SIZE, usage,
+                                   TABLE_STRING, state,
+                                   TABLE_SET_COLOR, !streq(state, "detached") ? ansi_highlight_green() : NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return table_log_add_error(r);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        if (table_get_rows(table) > 1) {
+                r = table_set_sort(table, (size_t) 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return table_log_sort_error(r);
+
+                table_set_header(table, arg_legend);
+
+                r = table_print(table, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return table_log_print_error(r);
+        }
+
+        if (arg_legend) {
+                if (table_get_rows(table) > 1)
+                        printf("\n%zu images listed.\n", table_get_rows(table) - 1);
+                else
+                        printf("No images.\n");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_image(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int r, i;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(arg_transport, arg_ask_password);
+
+        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+
+                r = bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, bus_portable_mgr, "RemoveImage");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", argv[i]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                /* This is a slow operation, hence turn off any method call timeouts */
+                r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, USEC_INFINITY, &error, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Could not remove image: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_only_image(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int b = true, r;
+
+        if (argc > 2) {
+                b = parse_boolean(argv[2]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(b, "Failed to parse boolean argument: %s", argv[2]);
+        }
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(arg_transport, arg_ask_password);
+
+        r = bus_call_method(bus, bus_portable_mgr, "MarkImageReadOnly", &error, NULL, "sb", argv[1], b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Could not mark image read-only: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_limit(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        uint64_t limit;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(arg_transport, arg_ask_password);
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(argv[argc-1], "-", "none", "infinity"))
+                limit = UINT64_MAX;
+        else {
+                r = parse_size(argv[argc-1], 1024, &limit);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse size: %s", argv[argc-1]);
+        }
+
+        if (argc > 2)
+                /* With two arguments changes the quota limit of the specified image */
+                r = bus_call_method(bus, bus_portable_mgr, "SetImageLimit", &error, NULL, "st", argv[1], limit);
+        else
+                /* With one argument changes the pool quota limit */
+                r = bus_call_method(bus, bus_portable_mgr, "SetPoolLimit", &error, NULL, "t", limit);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Could not set limit: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_image_attached(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *image = NULL;
+        const char *state, *method;
+        int r;
+
+        r = determine_image(argv[1], true, &image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        method = strv_isempty(arg_extension_images) ? "GetImageState" : "GetImageStateWithExtensions";
+
+        r = bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, bus_portable_mgr, method);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = attach_extensions_to_message(m, method, arg_extension_images);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(arg_extension_images)) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "t", 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "%s failed: %s", method, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &state);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!arg_quiet)
+                puts(state);
+
+        return streq(state, "detached");
+}
+
+static int dump_profiles(void) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_get_property_strv(bus, bus_portable_mgr, "Profiles", &error, &l);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to acquire list of profiles: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        if (arg_legend)
+                log_info("Available unit profiles:");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                fputs(*i, stdout);
+                fputc('\n', stdout);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        r = terminal_urlify_man("portablectl", "1", &link);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ...\n\n"
+               "%sAttach or detach portable services from the local system.%s\n"
+               "\nCommands:\n"
+               "  list                        List available portable service images\n"
+               "  attach NAME|PATH [PREFIX...]\n"
+               "                              Attach the specified portable service image\n"
+               "  detach NAME|PATH [PREFIX...]\n"
+               "                              Detach the specified portable service image\n"
+               "  reattach NAME|PATH [PREFIX...]\n"
+               "                              Reattach the specified portable service image\n"
+               "  inspect NAME|PATH [PREFIX...]\n"
+               "                              Show details of specified portable service image\n"
+               "  is-attached NAME|PATH       Query if portable service image is attached\n"
+               "  read-only NAME|PATH [BOOL]  Mark or unmark portable service image read-only\n"
+               "  remove NAME|PATH...         Remove a portable service image\n"
+               "  set-limit [NAME|PATH]       Set image or pool size limit (disk quota)\n"
+               "\nOptions:\n"
+               "  -h --help                   Show this help\n"
+               "     --version                Show package version\n"
+               "     --no-pager               Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --no-legend              Do not show the headers and footers\n"
+               "     --no-ask-password        Do not ask for system passwords\n"
+               "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST       Operate on remote host\n"
+               "  -M --machine=CONTAINER      Operate on local container\n"
+               "  -q --quiet                  Suppress informational messages\n"
+               "  -p --profile=PROFILE        Pick security profile for portable service\n"
+               "     --copy=copy|auto|symlink Prefer copying or symlinks if possible\n"
+               "     --runtime                Attach portable service until next reboot only\n"
+               "     --no-reload              Don't reload the system and service manager\n"
+               "     --cat                    When inspecting include unit and os-release file\n"
+               "                              contents\n"
+               "     --enable                 Immediately enable/disable the portable service\n"
+               "                              after attach/detach\n"
+               "     --now                    Immediately start/stop the portable service after\n"
+               "                              attach/before detach\n"
+               "     --no-block               Don't block waiting for attach --now to complete\n"
+               "     --extension=PATH         Extend the image with an overlay\n"
+               "     --force                  Skip 'already active' check when attaching or\n"
+               "                              detaching an image (with extensions)\n"
+               "\nSee the %s for details.\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name,
+               ansi_highlight(),
+               ansi_normal(),
+               link);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        int r;
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_NO_LEGEND,
+                ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
+                ARG_COPY,
+                ARG_RUNTIME,
+                ARG_NO_RELOAD,
+                ARG_CAT,
+                ARG_ENABLE,
+                ARG_NOW,
+                ARG_NO_BLOCK,
+                ARG_EXTENSION,
+                ARG_FORCE,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",            no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                 },
+                { "version",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION         },
+                { "no-pager",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER        },
+                { "no-legend",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_LEGEND       },
+                { "no-ask-password", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
+                { "host",            required_argument, NULL, 'H'                 },
+                { "machine",         required_argument, NULL, 'M'                 },
+                { "quiet",           no_argument,       NULL, 'q'                 },
+                { "profile",         required_argument, NULL, 'p'                 },
+                { "copy",            required_argument, NULL, ARG_COPY            },
+                { "runtime",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_RUNTIME         },
+                { "no-reload",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD       },
+                { "cat",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_CAT             },
+                { "enable",          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ENABLE          },
+                { "now",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NOW             },
+                { "no-block",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK        },
+                { "extension",       required_argument, NULL, ARG_EXTENSION       },
+                { "force",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE           },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                int c;
+
+                c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:qp:", options, NULL);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        break;
+
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'h':
+                        return help(0, NULL, NULL);
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        return version();
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_LEGEND:
+                        arg_legend = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
+                        arg_ask_password = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'H':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'M':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'q':
+                        arg_quiet = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'p':
+                        if (streq(optarg, "help"))
+                                return dump_profiles();
+
+                        if (!filename_is_valid(optarg))
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Unit profile name not valid: %s", optarg);
+
+                        arg_profile = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_COPY:
+                        if (streq(optarg, "auto"))
+                                arg_copy_mode = NULL;
+                        else if (STR_IN_SET(optarg, "copy", "symlink"))
+                                arg_copy_mode = optarg;
+                        else if (streq(optarg, "help")) {
+                                puts("auto\n"
+                                     "copy\n"
+                                     "symlink");
+                                return 0;
+                        } else
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Failed to parse --copy= argument: %s", optarg);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_RUNTIME:
+                        arg_runtime = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
+                        arg_reload = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_CAT:
+                        arg_cat = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ENABLE:
+                        arg_enable = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NOW:
+                        arg_now = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
+                        arg_no_block = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_EXTENSION:
+                        r = strv_extend(&arg_extension_images, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FORCE:
+                        arg_force = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        static const Verb verbs[] = {
+                { "help",        VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            help              },
+                { "list",        VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_DEFAULT, list_images       },
+                { "attach",      2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            attach_image      },
+                { "detach",      2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            detach_image      },
+                { "inspect",     2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            inspect_image     },
+                { "is-attached", 2,        2,        0,            is_image_attached },
+                { "read-only",   2,        3,        0,            read_only_image   },
+                { "remove",      2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            remove_image      },
+                { "set-limit",   3,        3,        0,            set_limit         },
+                { "reattach",    2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            reattach_image    },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int r;
+
+        log_setup();
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);
+}
+
+DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION(run);
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-bus.c b/src/portable/portabled-bus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be321b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-bus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "btrfs-util.h"
+#include "bus-common-errors.h"
+#include "bus-object.h"
+#include "bus-polkit.h"
+#include "discover-image.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "missing_capability.h"
+#include "portable.h"
+#include "portabled-bus.h"
+#include "portabled-image-bus.h"
+#include "portabled-image.h"
+#include "portabled.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+static int property_get_pool_path(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append(reply, "s", "/var/lib/portables");
+}
+
+static int property_get_pool_usage(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        uint64_t usage = UINT64_MAX;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+
+        fd = open("/var/lib/portables", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+                BtrfsQuotaInfo q;
+
+                if (btrfs_subvol_get_subtree_quota_fd(fd, 0, &q) >= 0)
+                        usage = q.referenced;
+        }
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append(reply, "t", usage);
+}
+
+static int property_get_pool_limit(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        uint64_t size = UINT64_MAX;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+
+        fd = open("/var/lib/portables", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+                BtrfsQuotaInfo q;
+
+                if (btrfs_subvol_get_subtree_quota_fd(fd, 0, &q) >= 0)
+                        size = q.referenced_max;
+        }
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append(reply, "t", size);
+}
+
+static int property_get_profiles(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+
+        r = portable_get_profiles(&l);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append_strv(reply, l);
+}
+
+static int method_get_image(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        const char *name;
+        Image *image;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "s", &name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m, message, name, NULL, BUS_IMAGE_REFUSE_BY_PATH, NULL, &image, error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_image_path(image, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, "o", p);
+}
+
+static int method_list_images(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *images = NULL;
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        Image *image;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        images = hashmap_new(&image_hash_ops);
+        if (!images)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = manager_image_cache_discover(m, images, error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "(ssbtttso)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(image, images) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error_state = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                PortableState state = _PORTABLE_STATE_INVALID;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                r = bus_image_path(image, &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = portable_get_state(
+                                sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                                image->path,
+                                NULL,
+                                0,
+                                &state,
+                                &error_state);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to get state of image '%s', ignoring: %s",
+                                        image->path, bus_error_message(&error_state, r));
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "(ssbtttso)",
+                                          image->name,
+                                          image_type_to_string(image->type),
+                                          image->read_only,
+                                          image->crtime,
+                                          image->mtime,
+                                          image->usage,
+                                          portable_state_to_string(state),
+                                          p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+static int redirect_method_to_image(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                sd_bus_error *error,
+                int (*method)(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error* error)) {
+
+        const char *name_or_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(message);
+        assert(method);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "s", &name_or_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return method(m, message, name_or_path, NULL, error);
+}
+
+static int method_get_image_os_release(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return redirect_method_to_image(userdata, message, error, bus_image_common_get_os_release);
+}
+
+static int method_get_image_metadata(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return redirect_method_to_image(userdata, message, error, bus_image_common_get_metadata);
+}
+
+static int method_get_image_state(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **extension_images = NULL;
+        const char *name_or_path;
+        PortableState state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "s", &name_or_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "GetImageStateWithExtensions")) {
+                uint64_t input_flags = 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &extension_images);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "t", &input_flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* No flags are supported by this method for now. */
+                if (input_flags != 0)
+                        return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                          "Invalid 'flags' parameter '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                                                          input_flags);
+        }
+
+        r = portable_get_state(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        name_or_path,
+                        extension_images,
+                        0,
+                        &state,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, "s", portable_state_to_string(state));
+}
+
+static int method_attach_image(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return redirect_method_to_image(userdata, message, error, bus_image_common_attach);
+}
+
+static int method_detach_image(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **extension_images = NULL;
+        PortableChange *changes = NULL;
+        PortableFlags flags = 0;
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        size_t n_changes = 0;
+        const char *name_or_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        /* Note that we do not redirect detaching to the image object here, because we want to allow that users can
+         * detach already deleted images too, in case the user already deleted an image before properly detaching
+         * it. */
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "s", &name_or_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "DetachImageWithExtensions")) {
+                uint64_t input_flags = 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &extension_images);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "t", &input_flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if ((input_flags & ~_PORTABLE_MASK_PUBLIC) != 0)
+                        return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                          "Invalid 'flags' parameter '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                                                          input_flags);
+                flags |= input_flags;
+        } else {
+                int runtime;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "b", &runtime);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (runtime)
+                        flags |= PORTABLE_RUNTIME;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        "org.freedesktop.portable1.attach-images",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        r = portable_detach(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        name_or_path,
+                        extension_images,
+                        flags,
+                        &changes,
+                        &n_changes,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = reply_portable_changes(message, changes, n_changes);
+
+finish:
+        portable_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int method_reattach_image(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return redirect_method_to_image(userdata, message, error, bus_image_common_reattach);
+}
+
+static int method_remove_image(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return redirect_method_to_image(userdata, message, error, bus_image_common_remove);
+}
+
+static int method_mark_image_read_only(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return redirect_method_to_image(userdata, message, error, bus_image_common_mark_read_only);
+}
+
+static int method_set_image_limit(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return redirect_method_to_image(userdata, message, error, bus_image_common_set_limit);
+}
+
+static int method_set_pool_limit(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        uint64_t limit;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "t", &limit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!FILE_SIZE_VALID_OR_INFINITY(limit))
+                return sd_bus_error_set(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "New limit out of range");
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        "org.freedesktop.portable1.manage-images",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        (void) btrfs_qgroup_set_limit("/var/lib/portables", 0, limit);
+
+        r = btrfs_subvol_set_subtree_quota_limit("/var/lib/portables", 0, limit);
+        if (r == -ENOTTY)
+                return sd_bus_error_set(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Quota is only supported on btrfs.");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to adjust quota limit: %m");
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, NULL);
+}
+
+const sd_bus_vtable manager_vtable[] = {
+        SD_BUS_VTABLE_START(0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("PoolPath", "s", property_get_pool_path, 0, 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("PoolUsage", "t", property_get_pool_usage, 0, 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("PoolLimit", "t", property_get_pool_limit, 0, 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Profiles", "as", property_get_profiles, 0, 0),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetImage",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("o", object),
+                                method_get_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("ListImages",
+                                SD_BUS_NO_ARGS,
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(ssbtttso)", images),
+                                method_list_images,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetImageOSRelease",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a{ss}", os_release),
+                                method_get_image_os_release,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetImageMetadata",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", matches),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", image,
+                                              "ay", os_release,
+                                              "a{say}", units),
+                                method_get_image_metadata,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetImageMetadataWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", extensions,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", image,
+                                              "ay", os_release,
+                                              "a{say}", extensions,
+                                              "a{say}", units),
+                                method_get_image_metadata,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetImageState",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", state),
+                                method_get_image_state,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetImageStateWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", extensions,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", state),
+                                method_get_image_state,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("AttachImage",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "b", runtime,
+                                            "s", copy_mode),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                method_attach_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("AttachImageWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", extensions,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "s", copy_mode,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                method_attach_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("DetachImage",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "b", runtime),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                method_detach_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("DetachImageWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", extensions,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                method_detach_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("ReattachImage",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "b", runtime,
+                                            "s", copy_mode),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes_removed,
+                                              "a(sss)", changes_updated),
+                                method_reattach_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("ReattachImageWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "as", extensions,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "s", copy_mode,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes_removed,
+                                              "a(sss)", changes_updated),
+                                method_reattach_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("RemoveImage",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image),
+                                SD_BUS_NO_RESULT,
+                                method_remove_image,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("MarkImageReadOnly",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "b", read_only),
+                                SD_BUS_NO_RESULT,
+                                method_mark_image_read_only,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("SetImageLimit",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("s", image,
+                                            "t", limit),
+                                SD_BUS_NO_RESULT,
+                                method_set_image_limit,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("SetPoolLimit",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("t", limit),
+                                SD_BUS_NO_RESULT,
+                                method_set_pool_limit,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_VTABLE_END
+};
+
+const BusObjectImplementation manager_object = {
+        "/org/freedesktop/portable1",
+        "org.freedesktop.portable1.Manager",
+        .vtables = BUS_VTABLES(manager_vtable),
+        .children = BUS_IMPLEMENTATIONS(&image_object),
+};
+
+static int reply_portable_compose_message(sd_bus_message *reply, const PortableChange *changes, size_t n_changes) {
+        size_t i;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(reply);
+        assert(changes || n_changes == 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "(sss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n_changes; i++) {
+                if (changes[i].type_or_errno < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "(sss)",
+                                          portable_change_type_to_string(changes[i].type_or_errno),
+                                          changes[i].path,
+                                          changes[i].source);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int reply_portable_changes(sd_bus_message *m, const PortableChange *changes, size_t n_changes) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(m, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = reply_portable_compose_message(reply, changes, n_changes);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+int reply_portable_changes_pair(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                const PortableChange *changes_first,
+                size_t n_changes_first,
+                const PortableChange *changes_second,
+                size_t n_changes_second) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(m, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = reply_portable_compose_message(reply, changes_first, n_changes_first);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = reply_portable_compose_message(reply, changes_second, n_changes_second);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-bus.h b/src/portable/portabled-bus.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7da366c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-bus.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+#include "portable.h"
+
+extern const sd_bus_vtable manager_vtable[];
+
+int reply_portable_changes(sd_bus_message *m, const PortableChange *changes, size_t n_changes);
+int reply_portable_changes_pair(sd_bus_message *m, const PortableChange *changes_first, size_t n_changes_first, const PortableChange *changes_second, size_t n_changes_second);
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-image-bus.c b/src/portable/portabled-image-bus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b108fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-image-bus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1193 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-common-errors.h"
+#include "bus-get-properties.h"
+#include "bus-label.h"
+#include "bus-object.h"
+#include "bus-polkit.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "discover-image.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "missing_capability.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "portable.h"
+#include "portabled-bus.h"
+#include "portabled-image-bus.h"
+#include "portabled-image.h"
+#include "portabled.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+static BUS_DEFINE_PROPERTY_GET_ENUM(property_get_type, image_type, ImageType);
+
+int bus_image_common_get_os_release(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+        assert(message);
+
+        if (!m) {
+                assert(image);
+                m = image->userdata;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m,
+                              message,
+                              name_or_path,
+                              image,
+                              BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_BY_PATH,
+                              "org.freedesktop.portable1.inspect-images",
+                              &image,
+                              error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) /* Will call us back */
+                return 1;
+
+        if (!image->metadata_valid) {
+                r = image_read_metadata(image);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to read image metadata: %m");
+        }
+
+        return bus_reply_pair_array(message, image->os_release);
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_get_os_release(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return bus_image_common_get_os_release(NULL, message, NULL, userdata, error);
+}
+
+static int append_fd(sd_bus_message *m, PortableMetadata *d) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (d) {
+                assert(d->fd >= 0);
+
+                f = take_fdopen(&d->fd, "r");
+                if (!f)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = read_full_stream(f, &buf, &n);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append_array(m, 'y', buf, n);
+}
+
+int bus_image_common_get_metadata(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_ordered_hashmap_free_ OrderedHashmap *extension_releases = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(portable_metadata_unrefp) PortableMetadata *os_release = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **matches = NULL, **extension_images = NULL;
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *unit_files = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ PortableMetadata **sorted = NULL;
+        PortableFlags flags = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+        assert(message);
+
+        if (!m) {
+                assert(image);
+                m = image->userdata;
+        }
+
+        bool have_exti = sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "GetImageMetadataWithExtensions") ||
+                         sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "GetMetadataWithExtensions");
+
+        if (have_exti) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &extension_images);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (have_exti) {
+                uint64_t input_flags = 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "t", &input_flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if ((input_flags & ~_PORTABLE_MASK_PUBLIC) != 0)
+                        return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                          "Invalid 'flags' parameter '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                                                          input_flags);
+                flags |= input_flags;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m,
+                              message,
+                              name_or_path,
+                              image,
+                              BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_BY_PATH,
+                              "org.freedesktop.portable1.inspect-images",
+                              &image,
+                              error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) /* Will call us back */
+                return 1;
+
+        r = portable_extract(
+                        image->path,
+                        matches,
+                        extension_images,
+                        flags,
+                        &os_release,
+                        &extension_releases,
+                        &unit_files,
+                        NULL,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = portable_metadata_hashmap_to_sorted_array(unit_files, &sorted);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "s", image->path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = append_fd(reply, os_release);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* If it was requested, also send back the extension path and the content
+         * of each extension-release file. Behind a flag, as it's an incompatible
+         * change. */
+        if (have_exti) {
+                PortableMetadata *extension_release;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "{say}");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(extension_release, extension_releases) {
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'e', "say");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "s", extension_release->image_path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = append_fd(reply, extension_release);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "{say}");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < hashmap_size(unit_files); i++) {
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'e', "say");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "s", sorted[i]->name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = append_fd(reply, sorted[i]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_get_metadata(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return bus_image_common_get_metadata(NULL, message, NULL, userdata, error);
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_get_state(
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **extension_images = NULL;
+        Image *image = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        PortableState state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "GetStateWithExtensions")) {
+                uint64_t input_flags = 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &extension_images);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "t", &input_flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* No flags are supported by this method for now. */
+                if (input_flags != 0)
+                        return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                          "Invalid 'flags' parameter '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                                                          input_flags);
+        }
+
+        r = portable_get_state(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        image->path,
+                        extension_images,
+                        0,
+                        &state,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, "s", portable_state_to_string(state));
+}
+
+int bus_image_common_attach(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **matches = NULL, **extension_images = NULL;
+        PortableChange *changes = NULL;
+        PortableFlags flags = 0;
+        const char *profile, *copy_mode;
+        size_t n_changes = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+
+        if (!m) {
+                assert(image);
+                m = image->userdata;
+        }
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "AttachImageWithExtensions") ||
+            sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "AttachWithExtensions")) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &extension_images);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "s", &profile);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "AttachImageWithExtensions") ||
+            sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "AttachWithExtensions")) {
+                uint64_t input_flags = 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "st", &copy_mode, &input_flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if ((input_flags & ~_PORTABLE_MASK_PUBLIC) != 0)
+                        return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                          "Invalid 'flags' parameter '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                                                          input_flags);
+                flags |= input_flags;
+        } else {
+                int runtime;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "bs", &runtime, &copy_mode);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (runtime)
+                        flags |= PORTABLE_RUNTIME;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(copy_mode, "symlink"))
+                flags |= PORTABLE_PREFER_SYMLINK;
+        else if (streq(copy_mode, "copy"))
+                flags |= PORTABLE_PREFER_COPY;
+        else if (!isempty(copy_mode))
+                return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Unknown copy mode '%s'", copy_mode);
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m,
+                              message,
+                              name_or_path,
+                              image,
+                              BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_ALL,
+                              "org.freedesktop.portable1.attach-images",
+                              &image,
+                              error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) /* Will call us back */
+                return 1;
+
+        r = portable_attach(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        image->path,
+                        matches,
+                        profile,
+                        extension_images,
+                        flags,
+                        &changes,
+                        &n_changes,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = reply_portable_changes(message, changes, n_changes);
+
+finish:
+        portable_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_attach(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return bus_image_common_attach(NULL, message, NULL, userdata, error);
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_detach(
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **extension_images = NULL;
+        PortableChange *changes = NULL;
+        Image *image = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(image->userdata);
+        PortableFlags flags = 0;
+        size_t n_changes = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "DetachWithExtensions")) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &extension_images);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "DetachWithExtensions")) {
+                uint64_t input_flags = 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "t", &input_flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if ((input_flags & ~_PORTABLE_MASK_PUBLIC) != 0)
+                        return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                          "Invalid 'flags' parameter '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                                                          input_flags);
+                flags |= input_flags;
+        } else {
+                int runtime;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "b", &runtime);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (runtime)
+                        flags |= PORTABLE_RUNTIME;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        "org.freedesktop.portable1.attach-images",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        r = portable_detach(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        image->path,
+                        extension_images,
+                        flags,
+                        &changes,
+                        &n_changes,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = reply_portable_changes(message, changes, n_changes);
+
+finish:
+        portable_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int bus_image_common_remove(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_pair_ int errno_pipe_fd[2] = { -1, -1 };
+        _cleanup_(sigkill_waitp) pid_t child = 0;
+        PortableState state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+
+        if (!m) {
+                assert(image);
+                m = image->userdata;
+        }
+
+        if (m->n_operations >= OPERATIONS_MAX)
+                return sd_bus_error_set(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_LIMITS_EXCEEDED, "Too many ongoing operations.");
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m,
+                              message,
+                              name_or_path,
+                              image,
+                              BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_ALL,
+                              "org.freedesktop.portable1.manage-images",
+                              &image,
+                              error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        r = portable_get_state(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        image->path,
+                        NULL,
+                        0,
+                        &state,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (state != PORTABLE_DETACHED)
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, EBUSY, "Image '%s' is not detached, refusing.", image->path);
+
+        if (pipe2(errno_pipe_fd, O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to create pipe: %m");
+
+        r = safe_fork("(sd-imgrm)", FORK_RESET_SIGNALS, &child);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to fork(): %m");
+        if (r == 0) {
+                errno_pipe_fd[0] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[0]);
+
+                r = image_remove(image);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        (void) write(errno_pipe_fd[1], &r, sizeof(r));
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+        }
+
+        errno_pipe_fd[1] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[1]);
+
+        r = operation_new(m, child, message, errno_pipe_fd[0], NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        child = 0;
+        errno_pipe_fd[0] = -1;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_remove(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return bus_image_common_remove(NULL, message, NULL, userdata, error);
+}
+
+/* Given two PortableChange arrays, return a new array that has all elements of the first that are
+ * not also present in the second, comparing the basename of the path values. */
+static int normalize_portable_changes(
+                const PortableChange *changes_attached,
+                size_t n_changes_attached,
+                const PortableChange *changes_detached,
+                size_t n_changes_detached,
+                PortableChange **ret_changes,
+                size_t *ret_n_changes) {
+
+        PortableChange *changes = NULL;
+        size_t n_changes = 0;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(ret_n_changes);
+        assert(ret_changes);
+
+        if (n_changes_detached == 0)
+                return 0; /* Nothing to do */
+
+        changes = new0(PortableChange, n_changes_attached + n_changes_detached);
+        if (!changes)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* Corner case: only detached, nothing attached */
+        if (n_changes_attached == 0) {
+                memcpy(changes, changes_detached, sizeof(PortableChange) * n_changes_detached);
+                *ret_changes = TAKE_PTR(changes);
+                *ret_n_changes = n_changes_detached;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_changes_detached; ++i) {
+                bool found = false;
+
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < n_changes_attached; ++j)
+                        if (streq(basename(changes_detached[i].path), basename(changes_attached[j].path))) {
+                                found = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                if (!found) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *source = NULL;
+
+                        path = strdup(changes_detached[i].path);
+                        if (!path) {
+                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (changes_detached[i].source) {
+                                source = strdup(changes_detached[i].source);
+                                if (!source) {
+                                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        changes[n_changes++] = (PortableChange) {
+                                .type_or_errno = changes_detached[i].type_or_errno,
+                                .path = TAKE_PTR(path),
+                                .source = TAKE_PTR(source),
+                        };
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret_n_changes = n_changes;
+        *ret_changes = TAKE_PTR(changes);
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        portable_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int bus_image_common_reattach(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        PortableChange *changes_detached = NULL, *changes_attached = NULL, *changes_gone = NULL;
+        size_t n_changes_detached = 0, n_changes_attached = 0, n_changes_gone = 0;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **matches = NULL, **extension_images = NULL;
+        PortableFlags flags = PORTABLE_REATTACH;
+        const char *profile, *copy_mode;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+
+        if (!m) {
+                assert(image);
+                m = image->userdata;
+        }
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "ReattachImageWithExtensions") ||
+            sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "ReattachWithExtensions")) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &extension_images);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &matches);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "s", &profile);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "ReattachImageWithExtensions") ||
+            sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "ReattachWithExtensions")) {
+                uint64_t input_flags = 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "st", &copy_mode, &input_flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if ((input_flags & ~_PORTABLE_MASK_PUBLIC) != 0)
+                        return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                          "Invalid 'flags' parameter '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                                                          input_flags);
+                flags |= input_flags;
+        } else {
+                int runtime;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "bs", &runtime, &copy_mode);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (runtime)
+                        flags |= PORTABLE_RUNTIME;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(copy_mode, "symlink"))
+                flags |= PORTABLE_PREFER_SYMLINK;
+        else if (streq(copy_mode, "copy"))
+                flags |= PORTABLE_PREFER_COPY;
+        else if (!isempty(copy_mode))
+                return sd_bus_reply_method_errorf(message, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Unknown copy mode '%s'", copy_mode);
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m,
+                              message,
+                              name_or_path,
+                              image,
+                              BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_ALL,
+                              "org.freedesktop.portable1.attach-images",
+                              &image,
+                              error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) /* Will call us back */
+                return 1;
+
+        r = portable_detach(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        image->path,
+                        extension_images,
+                        flags,
+                        &changes_detached,
+                        &n_changes_detached,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = portable_attach(
+                        sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
+                        image->path,
+                        matches,
+                        profile,
+                        extension_images,
+                        flags,
+                        &changes_attached,
+                        &n_changes_attached,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* We want to return the list of units really removed by the detach,
+         * and not added again by the attach */
+        r = normalize_portable_changes(changes_attached, n_changes_attached,
+                                       changes_detached, n_changes_detached,
+                                       &changes_gone, &n_changes_gone);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* First, return the units that are gone (so that the caller can stop them)
+         * Then, return the units that are changed/added (so that the caller can
+         * start/restart/enable them) */
+        r = reply_portable_changes_pair(message,
+                                        changes_gone, n_changes_gone,
+                                        changes_attached, n_changes_attached);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+finish:
+        portable_changes_free(changes_detached, n_changes_detached);
+        portable_changes_free(changes_attached, n_changes_attached);
+        portable_changes_free(changes_gone, n_changes_gone);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_reattach(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return bus_image_common_reattach(NULL, message, NULL, userdata, error);
+}
+
+int bus_image_common_mark_read_only(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        int r, read_only;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+
+        if (!m) {
+                assert(image);
+                m = image->userdata;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "b", &read_only);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m,
+                              message,
+                              name_or_path,
+                              image,
+                              BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_ALL,
+                              "org.freedesktop.portable1.manage-images",
+                              &image,
+                              error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        r = image_read_only(image, read_only);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, NULL);
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_mark_read_only(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return bus_image_common_mark_read_only(NULL, message, NULL, userdata, error);
+}
+
+int bus_image_common_set_limit(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        uint64_t limit;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+
+        if (!m) {
+                assert(image);
+                m = image->userdata;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "t", &limit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!FILE_SIZE_VALID_OR_INFINITY(limit))
+                return sd_bus_error_set(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "New limit out of range");
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m,
+                              message,
+                              name_or_path,
+                              image,
+                              BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_ALL,
+                              "org.freedesktop.portable1.manage-images",
+                              &image,
+                              error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        r = image_set_limit(image, limit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, NULL);
+}
+
+static int bus_image_method_set_limit(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        return bus_image_common_set_limit(NULL, message, NULL, userdata, error);
+}
+
+const sd_bus_vtable image_vtable[] = {
+        SD_BUS_VTABLE_START(0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Name", "s", NULL, offsetof(Image, name), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Path", "s", NULL, offsetof(Image, path), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Type", "s", property_get_type,  offsetof(Image, type), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("ReadOnly", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(Image, read_only), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("CreationTimestamp", "t", NULL, offsetof(Image, crtime), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("ModificationTimestamp", "t", NULL, offsetof(Image, mtime), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Usage", "t", NULL, offsetof(Image, usage), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Limit", "t", NULL, offsetof(Image, limit), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("UsageExclusive", "t", NULL, offsetof(Image, usage_exclusive), 0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("LimitExclusive", "t", NULL, offsetof(Image, limit_exclusive), 0),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetOSRelease",
+                                SD_BUS_NO_ARGS,
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a{ss}", os_release),
+                                bus_image_method_get_os_release,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetMetadata",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", matches),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", image,
+                                              "ay", os_release,
+                                              "a{say}", units),
+                                bus_image_method_get_metadata,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetMetadataWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", extensions,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", image,
+                                              "ay", os_release,
+                                              "a{say}", extensions,
+                                              "a{say}", units),
+                                bus_image_method_get_metadata,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetState",
+                                SD_BUS_NO_ARGS,
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", state),
+                                bus_image_method_get_state,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("GetStateWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", extensions,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("s", state),
+                                bus_image_method_get_state,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("Attach",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "b", runtime,
+                                            "s", copy_mode),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                bus_image_method_attach,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("AttachWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", extensions,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "s", copy_mode,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                bus_image_method_attach,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("Detach",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("b", runtime),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                bus_image_method_detach,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("DetachWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", extensions,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes),
+                                bus_image_method_detach,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("Reattach",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "b", runtime,
+                                            "s", copy_mode),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes_removed,
+                                              "a(sss)", changes_updated),
+                                bus_image_method_reattach,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("ReattacheWithExtensions",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("as", extensions,
+                                            "as", matches,
+                                            "s", profile,
+                                            "s", copy_mode,
+                                            "t", flags),
+                                SD_BUS_RESULT("a(sss)", changes_removed,
+                                              "a(sss)", changes_updated),
+                                bus_image_method_reattach,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("Remove",
+                                SD_BUS_NO_ARGS,
+                                SD_BUS_NO_RESULT,
+                                bus_image_method_remove,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("MarkReadOnly",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("b", read_only),
+                                SD_BUS_NO_RESULT,
+                                bus_image_method_mark_read_only,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_ARGS("SetLimit",
+                                SD_BUS_ARGS("t", limit),
+                                SD_BUS_NO_RESULT,
+                                bus_image_method_set_limit,
+                                SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_VTABLE_END
+};
+
+int bus_image_path(Image *image, char **ret) {
+        assert(image);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!image->discoverable)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return sd_bus_path_encode("/org/freedesktop/portable1/image", image->name, ret);
+}
+
+int bus_image_acquire(
+                Manager *m,
+                sd_bus_message *message,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                Image *image,
+                ImageAcquireMode mode,
+                const char *polkit_action,
+                Image **ret,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *loaded = NULL;
+        Image *cached;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(message);
+        assert(name_or_path || image);
+        assert(mode >= 0);
+        assert(mode < _BUS_IMAGE_ACQUIRE_MODE_MAX);
+        assert(polkit_action || mode == BUS_IMAGE_REFUSE_BY_PATH);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Acquires an 'Image' object if not acquired yet, and enforces necessary authentication while doing so. */
+
+        if (mode == BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_ALL) {
+                r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                                message,
+                                CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                                polkit_action,
+                                NULL,
+                                false,
+                                UID_INVALID,
+                                &m->polkit_registry,
+                                error);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) { /* Will call us back */
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Already passed in? */
+        if (image) {
+                *ret = image;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* Let's see if this image is already cached? */
+        cached = manager_image_cache_get(m, name_or_path);
+        if (cached) {
+                *ret = cached;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (image_name_is_valid(name_or_path)) {
+
+                /* If it's a short name, let's search for it */
+                r = image_find(IMAGE_PORTABLE, name_or_path, NULL, &loaded);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PORTABLE_IMAGE,
+                                                 "No image '%s' found.", name_or_path);
+
+                /* other errors are handled below… */
+        } else {
+                /* Don't accept path if this is always forbidden */
+                if (mode == BUS_IMAGE_REFUSE_BY_PATH)
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                 "Expected image name, not path in place of '%s'.", name_or_path);
+
+                if (!path_is_absolute(name_or_path))
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                 "Image name '%s' is not valid or not a valid path.", name_or_path);
+
+                if (!path_is_normalized(name_or_path))
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+                                                 "Image path '%s' is not normalized.", name_or_path);
+
+                if (mode == BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_BY_PATH) {
+                        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                                        message,
+                                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                                        polkit_action,
+                                        NULL,
+                                        false,
+                                        UID_INVALID,
+                                        &m->polkit_registry,
+                                        error);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0) { /* Will call us back */
+                                *ret = NULL;
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                r = image_from_path(name_or_path, &loaded);
+        }
+        if (r == -EMEDIUMTYPE) {
+                sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_BAD_PORTABLE_IMAGE_TYPE,
+                                  "Type of image '%s' not recognized; supported image types are directories/btrfs subvolumes, block devices, and raw disk image files with suffix '.raw'.",
+                                  name_or_path);
+                return r;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Add what we just loaded to the cache. This has as side-effect that the object stays in memory until the
+         * cache is purged again, i.e. at least for the current event loop iteration, which is all we need, and which
+         * means we don't actually need to ref the return object. */
+        r = manager_image_cache_add(m, loaded);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = loaded;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int bus_image_object_find(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                void *userdata,
+                void **found,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        Image *image = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(interface);
+        assert(found);
+
+        r = sd_bus_path_decode(path, "/org/freedesktop/portable1/image", &e);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return 0;
+        if (r == 0)
+                goto not_found;
+        if (isempty(e))
+                /* The path is "/org/freedesktop/portable1/image" itself */
+                goto not_found;
+
+        r = bus_image_acquire(m, sd_bus_get_current_message(bus), e, NULL, BUS_IMAGE_REFUSE_BY_PATH, NULL, &image, error);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                goto not_found;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *found = image;
+        return 1;
+
+not_found:
+        *found = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int bus_image_node_enumerator(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, void *userdata, char ***nodes, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *images = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        size_t n = 0;
+        Image *image;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(nodes);
+
+        images = hashmap_new(&image_hash_ops);
+        if (!images)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = manager_image_cache_discover(m, images, error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(image, images) {
+                char *p;
+
+                r = bus_image_path(image, &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, n+2)) {
+                        free(p);
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+
+                l[n++] = p;
+                l[n] = NULL;
+        }
+
+        *nodes = TAKE_PTR(l);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+const BusObjectImplementation image_object = {
+        "/org/freedesktop/portable1/image",
+        "org.freedesktop.portable1.Image",
+        .fallback_vtables = BUS_FALLBACK_VTABLES({image_vtable, bus_image_object_find}),
+        .node_enumerator = bus_image_node_enumerator,
+};
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-image-bus.h b/src/portable/portabled-image-bus.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..763a089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-image-bus.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+#include "discover-image.h"
+#include "portabled.h"
+
+int bus_image_common_get_os_release(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_image_common_get_metadata(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_image_common_attach(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_image_common_remove(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_image_common_reattach(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_image_common_mark_read_only(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_image_common_set_limit(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, sd_bus_error *error);
+
+extern const sd_bus_vtable image_vtable[];
+extern const BusObjectImplementation image_object;
+
+int bus_image_path(Image *image, char **ret);
+
+/* So here's some complexity: some of operations can either take an image name, or a fully qualified file system path
+ * to an image. We need to authenticate differently when processing these two: images referenced via simple image names
+ * mean the images are located in the image search path and thus safe for limited read access for unprivileged
+ * clients. For operations on images located anywhere else we need explicit authentication however, so that
+ * unprivileged clients can't make us open arbitrary files in the file system.
+ *
+ * The "Image" bus objects directly represent images in the image search path, but do not exist for path-referenced
+ * images. Hence, when requesting a bus object we need to refuse references by file system path, but still allow
+ * references by image name. Depending on the operation to execute potentially we need to authenticate in all cases. */
+
+typedef enum ImageAcquireMode {
+        BUS_IMAGE_REFUSE_BY_PATH,            /* allow by name  + prohibit by path */
+        BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_BY_PATH,      /* allow by name  + polkit by path */
+        BUS_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATE_ALL,          /* polkit by name + polkit by path */
+        _BUS_IMAGE_ACQUIRE_MODE_MAX,
+        _BUS_IMAGE_ACQUIRE_MODE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} ImageAcquireMode;
+
+int bus_image_acquire(Manager *m, sd_bus_message *message, const char *name_or_path, Image *image, ImageAcquireMode mode, const char *polkit_action, Image **ret, sd_bus_error *error);
+
+int bus_image_object_find(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *interface, void *userdata, void **found, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_image_node_enumerator(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, void *userdata, char ***nodes, sd_bus_error *error);
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-image.c b/src/portable/portabled-image.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d28391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-image.c
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "portable.h"
+#include "portabled-image.h"
+#include "portabled.h"
+
+Image *manager_image_cache_get(Manager *m, const char *name_or_path) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        return hashmap_get(m->image_cache, name_or_path);
+}
+
+static int image_cache_flush(sd_event_source *s, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        hashmap_clear(m->image_cache);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int manager_image_cache_initialize(Manager *m) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&m->image_cache, &image_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* We flush the cache as soon as we are idle again */
+        if (!m->image_cache_defer_event) {
+                r = sd_event_add_defer(m->event, &m->image_cache_defer_event, image_cache_flush, m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_event_source_set_priority(m->image_cache_defer_event, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_IDLE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(m->image_cache_defer_event, SD_EVENT_ONESHOT);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int manager_image_cache_add(Manager *m, Image *image) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        /* We add the specified image to the cache under two keys.
+         *
+         * 1. Always under its path
+         *
+         * 2. If the image was discovered in the search path (i.e. its discoverable boolean set) we'll also add it
+         *    under its short name.
+         */
+
+        r = manager_image_cache_initialize(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        image->userdata = m;
+
+        r = hashmap_put(m->image_cache, image->path, image);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        image_ref(image);
+
+        if (image->discoverable) {
+                r = hashmap_put(m->image_cache, image->name, image);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                image_ref(image);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int manager_image_cache_discover(Manager *m, Hashmap *images, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        Image *image;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        /* A wrapper around image_discover() (for finding images in search path) and portable_discover_attached() (for
+         * finding attached images). */
+
+        r = image_discover(IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, images);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(image, images)
+                (void) manager_image_cache_add(m, image);
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-image.h b/src/portable/portabled-image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..753f389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "discover-image.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "portabled.h"
+
+Image *manager_image_cache_get(Manager *m, const char *name_or_path);
+
+int manager_image_cache_add(Manager *m, Image *image);
+
+int manager_image_cache_discover(Manager *m, Hashmap *images, sd_bus_error *error);
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-operation.c b/src/portable/portabled-operation.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6da73c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-operation.c
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "portabled-operation.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+
+static int operation_done(sd_event_source *s, const siginfo_t *si, void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        Operation *o = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(si);
+
+        log_debug("Operation " PID_FMT " is now complete with code=%s status=%i",
+                  o->pid,
+                  sigchld_code_to_string(si->si_code), si->si_status);
+
+        o->pid = 0;
+
+        if (si->si_code != CLD_EXITED) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set(&error, SD_BUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Child died abnormally.");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (si->si_status == EXIT_SUCCESS)
+                r = 0;
+        else if (read(o->errno_fd, &r, sizeof(r)) != sizeof(r)) { /* Try to acquire error code for failed operation */
+                r = sd_bus_error_set(&error, SD_BUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Child failed.");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (o->done) {
+                /* A completion routine is set for this operation, call it. */
+                r = o->done(o, r, &error);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(&error))
+                                sd_bus_error_set_errno(&error, r);
+
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+        } else {
+                /* The default operation when done is to simply return an error on failure or an empty success
+                 * message on success. */
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        sd_bus_error_set_errno(&error, r);
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_reply_method_return(o->message, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reply to message: %m");
+        }
+
+        operation_free(o);
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        r = sd_bus_reply_method_error(o->message, &error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reply to message: %m");
+
+        operation_free(o);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int operation_new(Manager *manager, pid_t child, sd_bus_message *message, int errno_fd, Operation **ret) {
+        Operation *o;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(manager);
+        assert(child > 1);
+        assert(message);
+        assert(errno_fd >= 0);
+
+        o = new0(Operation, 1);
+        if (!o)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        o->extra_fd = -1;
+
+        r = sd_event_add_child(manager->event, &o->event_source, child, WEXITED, operation_done, o);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(o);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        o->pid = child;
+        o->message = sd_bus_message_ref(message);
+        o->errno_fd = errno_fd;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(operations, manager->operations, o);
+        manager->n_operations++;
+        o->manager = manager;
+
+        log_debug("Started new operation " PID_FMT ".", child);
+
+        /* At this point we took ownership of both the child and the errno file descriptor! */
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = o;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+Operation *operation_free(Operation *o) {
+        if (!o)
+                return NULL;
+
+        sd_event_source_unref(o->event_source);
+
+        safe_close(o->errno_fd);
+        safe_close(o->extra_fd);
+
+        if (o->pid > 1)
+                (void) sigkill_wait(o->pid);
+
+        sd_bus_message_unref(o->message);
+
+        if (o->manager) {
+                LIST_REMOVE(operations, o->manager->operations, o);
+                o->manager->n_operations--;
+        }
+
+        return mfree(o);
+}
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled-operation.h b/src/portable/portabled-operation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f64740e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled-operation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "sd-event.h"
+
+#include "list.h"
+
+typedef struct Operation Operation;
+
+#include "portabled.h"
+
+#define OPERATIONS_MAX 64
+
+struct Operation {
+        Manager *manager;
+        pid_t pid;
+        sd_bus_message *message;
+        int errno_fd;
+        int extra_fd;
+        sd_event_source *event_source;
+        int (*done)(Operation *o, int ret, sd_bus_error *error);
+        LIST_FIELDS(Operation, operations);
+};
+
+int operation_new(Manager *manager, pid_t child, sd_bus_message *message, int errno_fd, Operation **ret);
+Operation *operation_free(Operation *o);
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled.c b/src/portable/portabled.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f9afdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-log-control-api.h"
+#include "bus-polkit.h"
+#include "daemon-util.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "main-func.h"
+#include "portabled-bus.h"
+#include "portabled-image-bus.h"
+#include "portabled.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "service-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+
+static Manager* manager_unref(Manager *m);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Manager*, manager_unref);
+
+static int manager_new(Manager **ret) {
+        _cleanup_(manager_unrefp) Manager *m = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        m = new0(Manager, 1);
+        if (!m)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = sd_event_default(&m->event);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(m->event, NULL, SIGINT, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(m->event, NULL, SIGTERM, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) sd_event_set_watchdog(m->event, true);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(m);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static Manager* manager_unref(Manager *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        hashmap_free(m->image_cache);
+
+        sd_event_source_unref(m->image_cache_defer_event);
+
+        bus_verify_polkit_async_registry_free(m->polkit_registry);
+
+        sd_bus_flush_close_unref(m->bus);
+        sd_event_unref(m->event);
+
+        return mfree(m);
+}
+
+static int manager_connect_bus(Manager *m) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(!m->bus);
+
+        r = sd_bus_default_system(&m->bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to system bus: %m");
+
+        r = bus_add_implementation(m->bus, &manager_object, m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_log_control_api_register(m->bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_request_name_async(m->bus, NULL, "org.freedesktop.portable1", 0, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to request name: %m");
+
+        r = sd_bus_attach_event(m->bus, m->event, 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to attach bus to event loop: %m");
+
+        (void) sd_bus_set_exit_on_disconnect(m->bus, true);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int manager_startup(Manager *m) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = manager_connect_bus(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool check_idle(void *userdata) {
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+
+        return !m->operations;
+}
+
+static int manager_run(Manager *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        return bus_event_loop_with_idle(
+                        m->event,
+                        m->bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.portable1",
+                        DEFAULT_EXIT_USEC,
+                        check_idle, m);
+}
+
+static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(manager_unrefp) Manager *m = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        log_setup();
+
+        r = service_parse_argv("systemd-portabled.service",
+                               "Manage registrations of portable images.",
+                               BUS_IMPLEMENTATIONS(&manager_object,
+                                                   &log_control_object),
+                               argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        umask(0022);
+
+        if (argc != 1)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "This program takes no arguments.");
+
+        assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, SIGCHLD, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1) >= 0);
+
+        r = manager_new(&m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate manager object: %m");
+
+        r = manager_startup(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to fully start up daemon: %m");
+
+        log_debug("systemd-portabled running as pid " PID_FMT, getpid_cached());
+        r = sd_notify(false, NOTIFY_READY);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to send readiness notification, ignoring: %m");
+
+        r = manager_run(m);
+
+        (void) sd_notify(false, NOTIFY_STOPPING);
+        log_debug("systemd-portabled stopped as pid " PID_FMT, getpid_cached());
+        return r;
+}
+
+DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION(run);
diff --git a/src/portable/portabled.h b/src/portable/portabled.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71ec41d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/portabled.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "sd-event.h"
+
+#include "bus-object.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "list.h"
+
+typedef struct Manager Manager;
+
+#include "portabled-operation.h"
+
+struct Manager {
+        sd_event *event;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+
+        Hashmap *polkit_registry;
+
+        Hashmap *image_cache;
+        sd_event_source *image_cache_defer_event;
+
+        LIST_HEAD(Operation, operations);
+        unsigned n_operations;
+};
+
+extern const BusObjectImplementation manager_object;
diff --git a/src/portable/profile/default/service.conf b/src/portable/profile/default/service.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..230aa60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/profile/default/service.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# The "default" security profile for services, i.e. a number of useful restrictions
+
+[Service]
+MountAPIVFS=yes
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/dev/log /run/systemd/journal/socket /run/systemd/journal/stdout
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/etc/machine-id
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/etc/resolv.conf
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
+DynamicUser=yes
+RemoveIPC=yes
+CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_CHOWN CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH CAP_FOWNER \
+	CAP_FSETID CAP_IPC_LOCK CAP_IPC_OWNER CAP_KILL CAP_MKNOD CAP_NET_ADMIN \
+	CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE CAP_NET_BROADCAST CAP_SETGID CAP_SETPCAP \
+	CAP_SETUID CAP_SYS_ADMIN CAP_SYS_CHROOT CAP_SYS_NICE CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+PrivateTmp=yes
+PrivateDevices=yes
+PrivateUsers=yes
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=yes
+ProtectKernelTunables=yes
+ProtectKernelModules=yes
+ProtectControlGroups=yes
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_NETLINK AF_INET AF_INET6
+LockPersonality=yes
+MemoryDenyWriteExecute=yes
+RestrictRealtime=yes
+RestrictNamespaces=yes
+SystemCallFilter=@system-service
+SystemCallErrorNumber=EPERM
+SystemCallArchitectures=native
diff --git a/src/portable/profile/nonetwork/service.conf b/src/portable/profile/nonetwork/service.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd7f75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/profile/nonetwork/service.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# The "nonetwork" security profile for services, i.e. like "default" but without networking
+
+[Service]
+MountAPIVFS=yes
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/dev/log /run/systemd/journal/socket /run/systemd/journal/stdout
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/etc/machine-id
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
+DynamicUser=yes
+RemoveIPC=yes
+CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_CHOWN CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH CAP_FOWNER \
+	CAP_FSETID CAP_IPC_LOCK CAP_IPC_OWNER CAP_KILL CAP_MKNOD CAP_SETGID CAP_SETPCAP \
+	CAP_SETUID CAP_SYS_ADMIN CAP_SYS_CHROOT CAP_SYS_NICE CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+PrivateTmp=yes
+PrivateDevices=yes
+PrivateUsers=yes
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=yes
+ProtectKernelTunables=yes
+ProtectKernelModules=yes
+ProtectControlGroups=yes
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_NETLINK
+LockPersonality=yes
+MemoryDenyWriteExecute=yes
+RestrictRealtime=yes
+RestrictNamespaces=yes
+SystemCallFilter=@system-service
+SystemCallErrorNumber=EPERM
+SystemCallArchitectures=native
+PrivateNetwork=yes
+IPAddressDeny=any
diff --git a/src/portable/profile/strict/service.conf b/src/portable/profile/strict/service.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f924e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/profile/strict/service.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# The "strict" security profile for services, all options turned on
+
+[Service]
+MountAPIVFS=yes
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/dev/log /run/systemd/journal/socket /run/systemd/journal/stdout
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/etc/machine-id
+DynamicUser=yes
+RemoveIPC=yes
+CapabilityBoundingSet=
+PrivateTmp=yes
+PrivateDevices=yes
+PrivateUsers=yes
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=yes
+ProtectKernelTunables=yes
+ProtectKernelModules=yes
+ProtectControlGroups=yes
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX
+LockPersonality=yes
+NoNewPrivileges=yes
+MemoryDenyWriteExecute=yes
+RestrictRealtime=yes
+RestrictNamespaces=yes
+SystemCallFilter=@system-service
+SystemCallErrorNumber=EPERM
+SystemCallArchitectures=native
+PrivateNetwork=yes
+IPAddressDeny=any
+TasksMax=4
diff --git a/src/portable/profile/trusted/service.conf b/src/portable/profile/trusted/service.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04deeb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/portable/profile/trusted/service.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# The "trusted" profile for services, i.e. no restrictions are applied apart from a private /tmp
+
+[Service]
+MountAPIVFS=yes
+PrivateTmp=yes
+BindPaths=/run
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/etc/machine-id
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/etc/resolv.conf