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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 15:01:30 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 15:01:30 +0000
commit6beeb1b708550be0d4a53b272283e17e5e35fe17 (patch)
tree1ce8673d4aaa948e5554000101f46536a1e4cc29 /docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en
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downloadapache2-6beeb1b708550be0d4a53b272283e17e5e35fe17.tar.xz
apache2-6beeb1b708550be0d4a53b272283e17e5e35fe17.zip
Adding upstream version 2.4.57.upstream/2.4.57upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
+<!--
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+ This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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+ -->
+<title>Password Formats - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title>
+<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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+<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> &gt; <a href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Password Formats</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+
+ <p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by
+ Apache.</p>
+ </div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2>
+
+ <p>There are five formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication
+ passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>bcrypt</dt>
+ <dd>"$2y$" + the result of the crypt_blowfish algorithm.
+ See the APR source file
+ <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/crypt_blowfish.c?view=markup">crypt_blowfish.c</a>
+ for the details of the algorithm.</dd>
+
+ <dt>MD5</dt>
+ <dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an
+ iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a
+ random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file
+ <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=markup">apr_md5.c</a>
+ for the details of the algorithm.</dd>
+
+ <dt>SHA1</dt>
+ <dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password. Insecure.</dd>
+
+ <dt>CRYPT</dt>
+ <dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function
+ with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8
+ characters of the password. Insecure.</dd>
+
+ <dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt>
+ <dd>Windows &amp; Netware only. Insecure.</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>bcrypt</h3><p><code>
+ $ htpasswd -nbB myName myPassword<br />
+ myName:$2y$05$c4WoMPo3SXsafkva.HHa6uXQZWr7oboPiC2bT/r7q1BB8I2s0BRqC
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
+ $ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br />
+ myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code>
+ $ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br />
+ myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE=
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
+ $ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br />
+ myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA
+ </code></p></div>
+
+
+
+ <h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL
+ command-line program</h3>
+
+
+ <p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
+ $ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br />
+ $apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
+ openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br />
+ qQ5vTYO3c8dsU
+ </code></p></div>
+
+
+ <h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command
+ line program</h3>
+
+ <p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to
+ a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
+ <code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
+ $ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br />
+ Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br />
+ rqXexS6ZhobKA
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of
+ <code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the
+ first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p>
+
+ <p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the
+ following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars).
+ To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
+ <code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
+ $ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br />
+ $apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
+ </code></p></div>
+
+
+ <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
+ <p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD
+ authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly
+ available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords
+ that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p>
+
+ <p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various
+ languages:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
+ '{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE))
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
+ "{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes()))
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
+ "{SHA}" &amp; ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex"))
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
+ require 'digest/sha1'<br />
+ require 'base64'<br />
+ '{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password))
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code>
+ Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Python</h3><p><code>
+ import base64<br />
+ import hashlib<br />
+ "{SHA}" + format(base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(password).digest()))
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions
+ installed)</h3><p><code>
+
+ '{SHA}'||encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64')
+ </code></p></div>
+
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2>
+ <p>Apache recognizes one format for
+ digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string
+ <code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal
+ digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in
+ httpd.conf.</p>
+
+ <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
+
+ <p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can
+ populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache
+ digest authentication.</p>
+
+ <p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various
+ languages:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
+ md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password)
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
+ byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br />
+ java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br />
+ String s = bi.toString(16);<br />
+ while (s.length() &lt; 32)<br />
+ <span class="indent">
+ s = "0" + s;
+ </span>
+ // String s is the encrypted password
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
+ LCase(Hash( (user &amp; ":" &amp; realm &amp; ":" &amp; password) , "MD5"))
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
+ require 'digest/md5'<br />
+ Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password)
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code>
+
+ encode(digest( user || ':' || realm || ':' || password , 'md5'), 'hex')
+ </code></p></div>
+
+
+ </div></div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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