Adding upstream version 16.2.11+ds.upstream/16.2.11+dsupstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+==========================
+RGW Data caching and CDN
+==========================
+
+.. versionadded:: Octopus
+
+.. contents::
+
+This feature adds to RGW the ability to securely cache objects and offload the workload from the cluster, using Nginx.
+After an object is accessed the first time it will be stored in the Nginx cache directory.
+When data is already cached, it need not be fetched from RGW. A permission check will be made against RGW to ensure the requesting user has access.
+This feature is based on some Nginx modules, ngx_http_auth_request_module, https://github.com/kaltura/nginx-aws-auth-module, Openresty for Lua capabilities.
+
+Currently, this feature will cache only AWSv4 requests (only s3 requests), caching-in the output of the 1st GET request
+and caching-out on subsequent GET requests, passing thru transparently PUT,POST,HEAD,DELETE and COPY requests.
+
+
+The feature introduces 2 new APIs: Auth and Cache.
+
+New APIs
+-------------------------
+
+There are 2 new APIs for this feature:
+
+Auth API - The cache uses this to validate that a user can access the cached data
+
+Cache API - Adds the ability to override securely Range header, that way Nginx can use it is own smart cache on top of S3:
+https://www.nginx.com/blog/smart-efficient-byte-range-caching-nginx/
+Using this API gives the ability to read ahead objects when clients asking a specific range from the object.
+On subsequent accesses to the cached object, Nginx will satisfy requests for already-cached ranges from the cache. Uncached ranges will be read from RGW (and cached).
+
+Auth API
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This API Validates a specific authenticated access being made to the cache, using RGW's knowledge of the client credentials and stored access policy.
+Returns success if the encapsulated request would be granted.
+
+Cache API
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This API is meant to allow changing signed Range headers using a privileged user, cache user.
+
+Creating cache user
+
+::
+
+$ radosgw-admin user create --uid=<uid for cache user> --display-name="cache user" --caps="amz-cache=read"
+
+This user can send to the RGW the Cache API header ``X-Amz-Cache``, this header contains the headers from the original request(before changing the Range header).
+It means that ``X-Amz-Cache`` built from several headers.
+The headers that are building the ``X-Amz-Cache`` header are separated by char with ASCII code 177 and the header name and value are separated by char ASCII code 178.
+The RGW will check that the cache user is an authorized user and if it is a cache user,
+if yes it will use the ``X-Amz-Cache`` to revalidate that the user has permissions, using the headers from the X-Amz-Cache.
+During this flow, the RGW will override the Range header.
+
+
+Using Nginx with RGW
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Download the source of Openresty:
+
+::
+
+$ wget https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.15.8.3.tar.gz
+
+git clone the AWS auth Nginx module:
+
+::
+
+$ git clone https://github.com/kaltura/nginx-aws-auth-module
+
+untar the openresty package:
+
+::
+
+$ tar xvzf openresty-1.15.8.3.tar.gz
+$ cd openresty-1.15.8.3
+
+Compile openresty, Make sure that you have pcre lib and openssl lib:
+
+::
+
+$ sudo yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc curl zlib-devel nginx
+$ ./configure --add-module=<the nginx-aws-auth-module dir> --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_slice_module --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
+$ gmake -j $(nproc)
+$ sudo gmake install
+$ sudo ln -sf /usr/local/openresty/bin/openresty /usr/bin/nginx
+
+Put in-place your Nginx configuration files and edit them according to your environment:
+
+All Nginx conf files are under: https://github.com/ceph/ceph/tree/master/examples/rgw-cache
+
+`nginx.conf` should go to `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf`
+
+`nginx-lua-file.lua` should go to `/etc/nginx/nginx-lua-file.lua`
+
+`nginx-default.conf` should go to `/etc/nginx/conf.d/nginx-default.conf`
+
+The parameters that are most likely to require adjustment according to the environment are located in the file `nginx-default.conf`
+
+Modify the example values of *proxy_cache_path* and *max_size* at:
+
+::
+
+ proxy_cache_path /data/cache levels=2:2:2 keys_zone=mycache:999m max_size=20G inactive=1d use_temp_path=off;
+
+
+And modify the example *server* values to point to the RGWs URIs:
+
+::
+
+ server rgw1:8000 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=5s;
+ server rgw2:8000 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=5s;
+ server rgw3:8000 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=5s;
+
+| It is important to substitute the *access key* and *secret key* located in the `nginx.conf` with those belong to the user with the `amz-cache` caps
+| for example, create the `cache` user as following:
+
+::
+
+ radosgw-admin user create --uid=cacheuser --display-name="cache user" --caps="amz-cache=read" --access-key <access> --secret <secret>
+
+It is possible to use Nginx slicing which is a better method for streaming purposes.
+
+For using slice you should use `nginx-slicing.conf` and not `nginx-default.conf`
+
+Further information about Nginx slicing:
+
+https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/content-cache/content-caching/#byte-range-caching
+
+
+If you do not want to use the prefetch caching, It is possible to replace `nginx-default.conf` with `nginx-noprefetch.conf`
+Using `noprefetch` means that if the client is sending range request of 0-4095 and then 0-4096 Nginx will cache those requests separately, So it will need to fetch those requests twice.
+
+
+Run Nginx(openresty):
+
+::
+
+$ sudo systemctl restart nginx
+
+Appendix
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+**A note about performance:** In certain instances like development environment, disabling the authentication by commenting the following line in `nginx-default.conf`:
+
+::
+
+ #auth_request /authentication;
+
+may (depending on the hardware) increases the performance significantly as it forgoes the auth API calls to radosgw.