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+=====================
+ Operating a Cluster
+=====================
+
+.. index:: systemd; operating a cluster
+
+
+Running Ceph with systemd
+==========================
+
+For all distributions that support systemd (CentOS 7, Fedora, Debian
+Jessie 8 and later, SUSE), ceph daemons are now managed using native
+systemd files instead of the legacy sysvinit scripts.  For example:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl start ceph.target       # start all daemons
+   sudo systemctl status ceph-osd@12      # check status of osd.12
+
+To list the Ceph systemd units on a node, execute:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl status ceph\*.service ceph\*.target
+
+Starting all Daemons
+--------------------
+
+To start all daemons on a Ceph Node (irrespective of type), execute the
+following:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl start ceph.target
+
+
+Stopping all Daemons
+--------------------
+
+To stop all daemons on a Ceph Node (irrespective of type), execute the
+following:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph\*.service ceph\*.target
+
+
+Starting all Daemons by Type
+----------------------------
+
+To start all daemons of a particular type on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-osd.target
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-mon.target
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-mds.target
+
+
+Stopping all Daemons by Type
+----------------------------
+
+To stop all daemons of a particular type on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-mon\*.service ceph-mon.target
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-osd\*.service ceph-osd.target
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-mds\*.service ceph-mds.target
+
+
+Starting a Daemon
+-----------------
+
+To start a specific daemon instance on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-osd@{id}
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-mon@{hostname}
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-mds@{hostname}
+
+For example:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-osd@1
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-mon@ceph-server
+   sudo systemctl start ceph-mds@ceph-server
+
+
+Stopping a Daemon
+-----------------
+
+To stop a specific daemon instance on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-osd@{id}
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-mon@{hostname}
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-mds@{hostname}
+
+For example:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-osd@1
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-mon@ceph-server
+   sudo systemctl stop ceph-mds@ceph-server
+
+
+.. index:: Upstart; operating a cluster
+
+Running Ceph with Upstart
+==========================
+
+Starting all Daemons
+--------------------
+
+To start all daemons on a Ceph Node (irrespective of type), execute the
+following:: 
+
+	sudo start ceph-all
+	
+
+Stopping all Daemons	
+--------------------
+
+To stop all daemons on a Ceph Node (irrespective of type), execute the
+following:: 
+
+	sudo stop ceph-all
+	
+
+Starting all Daemons by Type
+----------------------------
+
+To start all daemons of a particular type on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following:: 
+
+	sudo start ceph-osd-all
+	sudo start ceph-mon-all
+	sudo start ceph-mds-all
+
+
+Stopping all Daemons by Type
+----------------------------
+
+To stop all daemons of a particular type on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following::
+
+	sudo stop ceph-osd-all
+	sudo stop ceph-mon-all
+	sudo stop ceph-mds-all
+
+
+Starting a Daemon
+-----------------
+
+To start a specific daemon instance on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following:: 
+
+	sudo start ceph-osd id={id}
+	sudo start ceph-mon id={hostname}
+	sudo start ceph-mds id={hostname}
+
+For example:: 
+
+	sudo start ceph-osd id=1
+	sudo start ceph-mon id=ceph-server
+	sudo start ceph-mds id=ceph-server
+
+
+Stopping a Daemon
+-----------------
+
+To stop a specific daemon instance on a Ceph Node, execute one of the
+following:: 
+
+	sudo stop ceph-osd id={id}
+	sudo stop ceph-mon id={hostname}
+	sudo stop ceph-mds id={hostname}
+
+For example:: 
+
+	sudo stop ceph-osd id=1
+	sudo start ceph-mon id=ceph-server
+	sudo start ceph-mds id=ceph-server
+
+
+.. index:: sysvinit; operating a cluster
+
+Running Ceph with sysvinit
+==========================
+
+Each time you to **start**, **restart**, and  **stop** Ceph daemons (or your
+entire cluster) you must specify at least one option and one command. You may
+also specify a daemon type or a daemon instance. ::
+
+	{commandline} [options] [commands] [daemons]
+
+
+The ``ceph`` options include:
+
++-----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
+| Option          | Shortcut | Description                                     |
++=================+==========+=================================================+
+| ``--verbose``   |  ``-v``  | Use verbose logging.                            |
++-----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
+| ``--valgrind``  | ``N/A``  | (Dev and QA only) Use `Valgrind`_ debugging.    |
++-----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
+| ``--allhosts``  |  ``-a``  | Execute on all nodes in ``ceph.conf.``          |
+|                 |          | Otherwise, it only executes on ``localhost``.   |
++-----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
+| ``--restart``   | ``N/A``  | Automatically restart daemon if it core dumps.  |
++-----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
+| ``--norestart`` | ``N/A``  | Don't restart a daemon if it core dumps.        |
++-----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
+| ``--conf``      |  ``-c``  | Use an alternate configuration file.            |
++-----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------+
+
+The ``ceph`` commands include:
+
++------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Command          | Description                                                |
++==================+============================================================+
+|    ``start``     | Start the daemon(s).                                       |
++------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+|    ``stop``      | Stop the daemon(s).                                        |
++------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+|  ``forcestop``   | Force the daemon(s) to stop. Same as ``kill -9``           |
++------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+|   ``killall``    | Kill all daemons of a particular type.                     | 
++------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+|  ``cleanlogs``   | Cleans out the log directory.                              |
++------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ``cleanalllogs`` | Cleans out **everything** in the log directory.            |
++------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+For subsystem operations, the ``ceph`` service can target specific daemon types
+by adding a particular daemon type for the ``[daemons]`` option. Daemon types
+include: 
+
+- ``mon``
+- ``osd``
+- ``mds``
+
+
+
+.. _Valgrind: http://www.valgrind.org/
+.. _initctl: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/raring/en/man8/initctl.8.html