Adding upstream version 2:2.6.1.upstream/2%2.6.1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 3603 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/cryptsetup.c b/src/cryptsetup.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e387c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cryptsetup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3603 @@
+/*
+ * cryptsetup - setup cryptographic volumes for dm-crypt
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2004 Jana Saout <jana@saout.de>
+ * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Clemens Fruhwirth <clemens@endorphin.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Milan Broz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+#include <uuid/uuid.h>
+
+#include "cryptsetup.h"
+#include "cryptsetup_args.h"
+#include "utils_luks.h"
+
+static char *keyfiles[MAX_KEYFILES];
+static char *keyfile_stdin = NULL;
+
+static int keyfiles_count = 0;
+int64_t data_shift = 0;
+
+const char *device_type = "luks";
+const char *set_pbkdf = NULL;
+
+static const char **action_argv;
+static int action_argc;
+static const char *null_action_argv[] = {NULL, NULL};
+static int total_keyfiles = 0;
+
+static struct tools_log_params log_parms;
+
+struct tools_arg tool_core_args[] = { { NULL, false, CRYPT_ARG_BOOL }, /* leave unused due to popt library */
+#define ARG(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) { A, false, F, G, H },
+#include "cryptsetup_arg_list.h"
+#undef ARG
+};
+
+void tools_cleanup(void)
+{
+	tools_args_free(tool_core_args, ARRAY_SIZE(tool_core_args));
+
+	FREE_AND_NULL(keyfile_stdin);
+
+	while (keyfiles_count)
+		free(keyfiles[--keyfiles_count]);
+
+	total_keyfiles = 0;
+}
+
+static const char *uuid_or_device_header(const char **data_device)
+{
+	if (data_device)
+		*data_device = ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID) ? action_argv[0] : NULL;
+
+	return uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0]);
+}
+
+static bool isLUKS(const char *type)
+{
+	return isLUKS2(type) || isLUKS1(type);
+}
+
+static int _set_keyslot_encryption_params(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	const char *type = crypt_get_type(cd);
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_CIPHER_ID))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!isLUKS2(type)) {
+		log_err(_("Keyslot encryption parameters can be set only for LUKS2 device."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return crypt_keyslot_set_encryption(cd, ARG_STR(OPT_KEYSLOT_CIPHER_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8);
+}
+
+static int _try_token_pin_unlock(struct crypt_device *cd,
+				 int token_id,
+				 const char *activated_name,
+				 const char *token_type,
+				 uint32_t activate_flags,
+				 int tries,
+				 bool activation)
+{
+	size_t pin_len;
+	char msg[64], *pin = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	assert(tries >= 1);
+	assert(token_id >= 0 || token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN);
+
+	if (token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN)
+		r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token PIN: "));
+	else
+		r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token %d PIN: "), token_id);
+	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= sizeof(msg))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	do {
+		r = tools_get_key(msg, &pin, &pin_len, 0, 0, NULL,
+				ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+		if (r < 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (activation)
+			r = crypt_activate_by_token_pin(cd, activated_name, token_type,
+							token_id, pin, pin_len, NULL,
+							activate_flags);
+		else
+			r = crypt_resume_by_token_pin(cd, activated_name, token_type,
+						      token_id, pin, pin_len, NULL);
+		crypt_safe_free(pin);
+		pin = NULL;
+		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+		tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), token_id, true);
+		check_signal(&r);
+	} while (r == -ENOANO && (--tries > 0));
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_open_plain(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL, *cd1 = NULL;
+	const char *pcipher, *pmode;
+	char *msg, cipher[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
+	struct crypt_active_device cad;
+	struct crypt_params_plain params = {
+		.hash = ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID) ? ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID) : DEFAULT_PLAIN_HASH,
+		.skip = ARG_UINT64(OPT_SKIP_ID),
+		.offset = ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID),
+		.sector_size = ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) ?: SECTOR_SIZE
+	};
+	char *password = NULL;
+	const char *activated_name = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen, key_size_max, signatures = 0,
+	       key_size = (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
+	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID) ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(PLAIN),
+				      cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* FIXME: temporary hack, no hashing for keyfiles in plain mode */
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))) {
+		params.hash = NULL;
+		if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID))
+			log_std(_("WARNING: The --hash parameter is being ignored "
+				 "in plain mode with keyfile specified.\n"));
+	}
+
+	if (params.hash && !strcmp(params.hash, "plain"))
+		params.hash = NULL;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !params.hash && ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)) && ARG_SET(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID))
+		log_std(_("WARNING: The --keyfile-size option is being ignored, "
+			 "the read size is the same as the encryption key size.\n"));
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)) {
+		activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
+		r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd1, activated_name, NULL);
+		if (r)
+			goto out;
+		r = crypt_get_active_device(cd1, activated_name, &cad);
+		if (r)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* copy known parameters from existing device */
+		params.skip = crypt_get_iv_offset(cd1);
+		params.offset = crypt_get_data_offset(cd1);
+		params.size = cad.size;
+		params.sector_size = crypt_get_sector_size(cd1);
+		key_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd1);
+
+		if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, crypt_get_device_name(cd1))))
+			goto out;
+
+		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_REFRESH;
+
+		pcipher = crypt_get_cipher(cd1);
+		pmode = crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd1);
+	} else {
+		activated_name = action_argv[1];
+		if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Skip blkid scan when activating plain device with offset */
+		if (!ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID)) {
+			/* Print all present signatures in read-only mode */
+			r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], PRB_FILTER_NONE, &signatures, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
+			if (r < 0)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (signatures && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID)) {
+			r = asprintf(&msg, _("Detected device signature(s) on %s. Proceeding further may damage existing data."), action_argv[0]);
+			if (r == -1) {
+				r = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			r = yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
+			free(msg);
+			if (r < 0)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		pcipher = cipher;
+		pmode = cipher_mode;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID))
+		params.size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) / SECTOR_SIZE;
+	else if (ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+		params.size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_SIZE_ID);
+
+	r = crypt_format(cd, CRYPT_PLAIN,
+			 pcipher, pmode,
+			 NULL, NULL,
+			 key_size,
+			 &params);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_SHARED_ID))
+		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SHARED;
+
+	set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+
+	if (!tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))) {
+		/* If no hash, key is read directly, read size is always key_size
+		 * (possible --keyfile_size is ignored.
+		 * If hash is specified, --keyfile_size is applied.
+		 * The --keyfile_offset is applied always.
+		 */
+		key_size_max = params.hash ? ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID) : key_size;
+		r = crypt_activate_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, action_argv[1],
+			CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), key_size_max,
+			ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), activate_flags);
+	} else {
+		key_size_max = (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !params.hash) ? key_size : ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID);
+		r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+				  ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), key_size_max,
+				  ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+				  verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name,
+			CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
+	}
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	crypt_free(cd1);
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_open_loopaes(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	struct crypt_params_loopaes params = {
+		.hash = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID),
+		.offset = ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID),
+		.skip = ARG_SET(OPT_SKIP_ID) ? ARG_UINT64(OPT_SKIP_ID) : ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID)
+	};
+	unsigned int key_size = (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_KEYBITS) / 8;
+	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
+	const char *activated_name = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		log_err(_("Option --key-file is required."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)) {
+		activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
+		if ((r = crypt_init_by_name(&cd, activated_name)))
+			goto out;
+		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_REFRESH;
+	} else {
+		activated_name = action_argv[1];
+		if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
+			goto out;
+
+		r = crypt_format(cd, CRYPT_LOOPAES, ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_CIPHER,
+				 NULL, NULL, NULL, key_size, &params);
+		check_signal(&r);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+
+	r = crypt_activate_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+		tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)) ? "/dev/stdin" : ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+		ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), activate_flags);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int tcrypt_load(struct crypt_device *cd, struct crypt_params_tcrypt *params)
+{
+	int r, tries, eperm = 0;
+
+	tries = set_tries_tty();
+	do {
+		/* TCRYPT header is encrypted, get passphrase now */
+		r = tools_get_key(NULL, CONST_CAST(char**)&params->passphrase,
+				  &params->passphrase_size, 0, 0, keyfile_stdin, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+				 verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+		if (r < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_QUERY_PIM_ID)) {
+			char *tmp_pim_nptr = NULL;
+			char *tmp_pim_end = NULL;
+			size_t tmp_pim_size = 0;
+			unsigned long long tmp_pim_ull = 0;
+
+			r = tools_get_key(_("Enter VeraCrypt PIM: "),
+					&tmp_pim_nptr,
+					&tmp_pim_size, 0, 0, keyfile_stdin, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+					verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+			if (r < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			tmp_pim_ull = strtoull(tmp_pim_nptr, &tmp_pim_end, 10);
+			if (*tmp_pim_nptr == '\0' || !tmp_pim_end || *tmp_pim_end != '\0') {
+				log_err(_("Invalid PIM value: parse error."));
+				r = -EINVAL;
+			} else if (tmp_pim_ull == 0) {
+				log_err(_("Invalid PIM value: 0."));
+				r = -EINVAL;
+			} else if (tmp_pim_ull > UINT32_MAX) {
+				log_err(_("Invalid PIM value: outside of range."));
+				r = -ERANGE;
+			}
+			crypt_safe_free(tmp_pim_nptr);
+			if (r < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			params->veracrypt_pim = (uint32_t)tmp_pim_ull;
+			crypt_safe_memzero(&tmp_pim_ull, sizeof(tmp_pim_ull));
+		}
+
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_ID))
+			params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_HEADER;
+
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_SYSTEM_ID))
+			params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_SYSTEM_HEADER;
+
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_BACKUP_ID))
+			params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_BACKUP_HEADER;
+
+		r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_TCRYPT, params);
+
+		if (r == -EPERM) {
+			log_err(_("No device header detected with this passphrase."));
+			eperm = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (r < 0) {
+			crypt_safe_free(CONST_CAST(char*)params->passphrase);
+			params->passphrase = NULL;
+			params->passphrase_size = 0;
+		}
+		check_signal(&r);
+	} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+
+	/* Report wrong passphrase if at least one try failed */
+	if (eperm && r == -EPIPE)
+		r = -EPERM;
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_open_tcrypt(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	struct crypt_params_tcrypt params = {
+		.keyfiles = CONST_CAST(const char **)keyfiles,
+		.keyfiles_count = keyfiles_count,
+		.flags = CRYPT_TCRYPT_LEGACY_MODES |
+			 (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID) ? 0 : CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES),
+		.veracrypt_pim = ARG_UINT32(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID),
+		.hash_name = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID),
+		.cipher = ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID),
+	};
+	const char *activated_name;
+	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+
+	r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0], action_argv[0]);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = tcrypt_load(cd, &params);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+
+	if (activated_name)
+		r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name, NULL, 0, activate_flags);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	crypt_safe_free(CONST_CAST(char*)params.passphrase);
+	crypt_safe_memzero(&params.veracrypt_pim, sizeof(params.veracrypt_pim));
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_open_bitlk(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	const char *activated_name;
+	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
+	int r, tries, keysize;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	char *key = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+
+	activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_BITLK, NULL);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid BITLK device."), action_argv[0]);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+		if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for BITLK, please use --key-size option."));
+			r = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		} else if (!keysize)
+			keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
+
+		r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name,
+						 key, keysize, activate_flags);
+	} else {
+		tries = set_tries_tty();
+		do {
+			r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+					ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+					ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+			if (r < 0)
+				goto out;
+
+			r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+							password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
+			tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+			check_signal(&r);
+			crypt_safe_free(password);
+			password = NULL;
+		} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+	}
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(key);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int tcryptDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	char *vk = NULL;
+	size_t vk_size;
+	int r;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
+	    _("Header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
+	      "which allows access to encrypted partition without passphrase.\n"
+	      "This dump should be always stored encrypted on safe place."),
+	      NULL))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+	vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
+	if (!vk)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size, NULL, 0);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	log_std("TCRYPT header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
+	log_std("Cipher chain:  \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd));
+	log_std("Cipher mode:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
+	log_std("Payload offset:\t%d\n", (int)crypt_get_data_offset(cd));
+	log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
+	log_std("MK dump:\t");
+	crypt_log_hex(NULL, vk, vk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
+	log_std("\n");
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(vk);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_tcryptDump(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	struct crypt_params_tcrypt params = {
+		.keyfiles = CONST_CAST(const char **)keyfiles,
+		.keyfiles_count = keyfiles_count,
+		.flags = CRYPT_TCRYPT_LEGACY_MODES |
+			 (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID) ? 0: CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES),
+		.veracrypt_pim = ARG_UINT32(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID),
+		.hash_name = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID),
+		.cipher = ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID),
+	};
+	int r;
+	r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0], action_argv[0]);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = tcrypt_load(cd, &params);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
+		r = tcryptDump_with_volume_key(cd);
+	else
+		r = crypt_dump(cd);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	crypt_safe_free(CONST_CAST(char*)params.passphrase);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int bitlkDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	char *vk = NULL, *password = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen = 0;
+	size_t vk_size;
+	int r;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
+	    _("The header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
+	      "that allows access to encrypted partition without a passphrase.\n"
+	      "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
+	      NULL))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+	vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
+	if (!vk)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+			  ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+			  ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size,
+				 password, passwordLen);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), vk, vk_size);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	log_std("BITLK header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
+	log_std("Cipher name:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd));
+	log_std("Cipher mode:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
+	log_std("UUID:          \t%s\n", crypt_get_uuid(cd));
+	log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	log_std("MK dump:\t");
+	crypt_log_hex(NULL, vk, vk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
+	log_std("\n");
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(vk);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_bitlkDump(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_BITLK, NULL);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid BITLK device."), action_argv[0]);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
+		r = bitlkDump_with_volume_key(cd);
+	else
+		r = crypt_dump(cd);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int fvault2Dump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	char *vk = NULL;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	size_t vk_size = 0;
+	size_t pass_len = 0;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
+	    _("The header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
+	      "that allows access to encrypted partition without a passphrase.\n"
+	      "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
+	      NULL))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+	vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
+	if (vk == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &pass_len,
+		ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+		ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size, password, pass_len);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), vk, vk_size);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = crypt_dump(cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	log_std("Volume key:       \t");
+	crypt_log_hex(cd, vk, vk_size, " ", 0, NULL);
+	log_std("\n");
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(vk);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_fvault2Dump(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0]);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_FVAULT2, NULL);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid FVAULT2 device."), action_argv[0]);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
+		r = fvault2Dump_with_volume_key(cd);
+	else
+		r = crypt_dump(cd);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_open_fvault2(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	const char *activated_name;
+	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
+	int r, tries, keysize;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	char *key = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+
+	activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_FVAULT2, NULL);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid FVAULT2 device."), action_argv[0]);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+		if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for FVAULT2, please use --key-size option."));
+			r = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		} else if (!keysize)
+			keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
+
+		r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name, key, keysize, activate_flags);
+	} else {
+		tries = set_tries_tty();
+		do {
+			r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+				ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+				ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+				verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+			if (r < 0)
+				goto out;
+
+			r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+				password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
+			tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+			check_signal(&r);
+			crypt_safe_free(password);
+			password = NULL;
+		} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+	}
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(key);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_close(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	crypt_status_info ci;
+	uint32_t flags = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEFERRED_ID))
+		flags |= CRYPT_DEACTIVATE_DEFERRED;
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_CANCEL_DEFERRED_ID))
+		flags |= CRYPT_DEACTIVATE_DEFERRED_CANCEL;
+
+	r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
+	if (r == 0)
+		r = crypt_deactivate_by_name(cd, action_argv[0], flags);
+
+	if (!r && ARG_SET(OPT_DEFERRED_ID)) {
+		ci = crypt_status(cd, action_argv[0]);
+		if (ci == CRYPT_ACTIVE || ci == CRYPT_BUSY)
+			log_std(_("Device %s is still active and scheduled for deferred removal.\n"),
+				  action_argv[0]);
+	}
+
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_resize(void)
+{
+	int r;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+	struct crypt_active_device cad;
+	uint64_t dev_size = 0;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+
+	r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
+	if (r)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* FIXME: LUKS2 may enforce fixed size and it must not be changed */
+	r = crypt_get_active_device(cd, action_argv[0], &cad);
+	if (r)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID))
+		dev_size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) / SECTOR_SIZE;
+	else if (ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+		dev_size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_SIZE_ID);
+
+	if (cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY) {
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_KEYRING_ID)) {
+			r = -EINVAL;
+			log_err(_("Resize of active device requires volume key "
+				  "in keyring but --disable-keyring option is set."));
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* try load VK in kernel keyring using token */
+		r = crypt_activate_by_token_pin(cd, NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+						ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, 0, NULL,
+						CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY);
+		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+		tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), false);
+
+		/* Token requires PIN. Ask if there is evident preference for tokens */
+		if (r == -ENOANO && (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) ||
+				     ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID)))
+			r = _try_token_pin_unlock(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY, 1, true);
+
+		if (r >= 0 || quit || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID))
+			goto out;
+
+		r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+				  ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+				  ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+						 password, passwordLen,
+						 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY);
+		tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (r >= 0)
+		r = crypt_resize(cd, action_argv[0], dev_size);
+
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_status(void)
+{
+	crypt_status_info ci;
+	crypt_reencrypt_info ri;
+	struct crypt_active_device cad;
+	struct crypt_params_integrity ip = {};
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	char *backing_file;
+	const char *device;
+	int path = 0, r = 0;
+
+	/* perhaps a path, not a dm device name */
+	if (strchr(action_argv[0], '/'))
+		path = 1;
+
+	ci = crypt_status(NULL, action_argv[0]);
+	switch (ci) {
+	case CRYPT_INVALID:
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	case CRYPT_INACTIVE:
+		if (path)
+			log_std("%s is inactive.\n", action_argv[0]);
+		else
+			log_std("%s/%s is inactive.\n", crypt_get_dir(), action_argv[0]);
+		r = -ENODEV;
+		break;
+	case CRYPT_ACTIVE:
+	case CRYPT_BUSY:
+		if (path)
+			log_std("%s is active%s.\n", action_argv[0],
+				ci == CRYPT_BUSY ? " and is in use" : "");
+		else
+			log_std("%s/%s is active%s.\n", crypt_get_dir(), action_argv[0],
+				ci == CRYPT_BUSY ? " and is in use" : "");
+
+		r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		log_std("  type:    %s\n", crypt_get_type(cd) ?: "n/a");
+
+		/* Print only CRYPT type devices */
+		if (!crypt_get_cipher(cd))
+			goto out;
+
+		ri = crypt_reencrypt_status(cd, NULL);
+		if (ri > CRYPT_REENCRYPT_NONE && ri < CRYPT_REENCRYPT_INVALID)
+			log_std("  reencryption:  in-progress\n");
+
+		r = crypt_get_active_device(cd, action_argv[0], &cad);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		r = crypt_get_integrity_info(cd, &ip);
+		if (r < 0 && r != -ENOTSUP)
+			goto out;
+
+		log_std("  cipher:  %s-%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd), crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
+		log_std("  keysize: %d bits\n", crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd) * 8);
+		log_std("  key location: %s\n", (cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY) ? "keyring" : "dm-crypt");
+		if (ip.integrity)
+			log_std("  integrity: %s\n", ip.integrity);
+		if (ip.integrity_key_size)
+			log_std("  integrity keysize: %d bits\n", ip.integrity_key_size * 8);
+		device = crypt_get_device_name(cd);
+		log_std("  device:  %s\n", device);
+		if ((backing_file = crypt_loop_backing_file(device))) {
+			log_std("  loop:    %s\n", backing_file);
+			free(backing_file);
+		}
+		log_std("  sector size:  %d\n", crypt_get_sector_size(cd));
+		log_std("  offset:  %" PRIu64 " sectors\n", cad.offset);
+		log_std("  size:    %" PRIu64 " sectors\n", cad.size);
+		if (cad.iv_offset)
+			log_std("  skipped: %" PRIu64 " sectors\n", cad.iv_offset);
+		log_std("  mode:    %s%s\n", cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_READONLY ?
+					   "readonly" : "read/write",
+					   (cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUSPENDED) ? " (suspended)" : "");
+		if (cad.flags & (CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_DISCARDS|
+				 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SAME_CPU_CRYPT|
+				 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUBMIT_FROM_CRYPT_CPUS|
+				 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_READ_WORKQUEUE|
+				 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_WRITE_WORKQUEUE))
+			log_std("  flags:   %s%s%s%s%s\n",
+				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_DISCARDS) ? "discards " : "",
+				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SAME_CPU_CRYPT) ? "same_cpu_crypt " : "",
+				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUBMIT_FROM_CRYPT_CPUS) ? "submit_from_crypt_cpus " : "",
+				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_READ_WORKQUEUE) ? "no_read_workqueue " : "",
+				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_WRITE_WORKQUEUE) ? "no_write_workqueue" : "");
+	}
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	if (r == -ENOTSUP)
+		r = 0;
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int benchmark_callback(uint32_t time_ms, void *usrptr)
+{
+	struct crypt_pbkdf_type *pbkdf = usrptr;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r)
+		log_err(_("Benchmark interrupted."));
+	else
+		log_dbg("PBKDF benchmark: memory cost = %u, iterations = %u, "
+			"threads = %u (took %u ms)", pbkdf->max_memory_kb,
+			pbkdf->iterations, pbkdf->parallel_threads, time_ms);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_benchmark_kdf(const char *kdf, const char *hash, size_t key_size)
+{
+	int r;
+	if (!strcmp(kdf, CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2)) {
+		struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf = {
+			.type = CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,
+			.hash = hash,
+			.time_ms = 1000,
+		};
+
+		r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foobarfo", 8, "0123456789abcdef", 16, key_size,
+					&benchmark_callback, &pbkdf);
+		if (r < 0)
+			log_std(_("PBKDF2-%-9s     N/A\n"), hash);
+		else
+			log_std(_("PBKDF2-%-9s %7u iterations per second for %zu-bit key\n"),
+				hash, pbkdf.iterations, key_size * 8);
+	} else {
+		struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf = {
+			.type = kdf,
+			.time_ms = ARG_UINT32(OPT_ITER_TIME_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LUKS2_ITER_TIME,
+			.max_memory_kb = ARG_UINT32(OPT_PBKDF_MEMORY_ID),
+			.parallel_threads = ARG_UINT32(OPT_PBKDF_PARALLEL_ID)
+		};
+
+		r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foobarfo", 8,
+			"0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef", 32,
+			key_size, &benchmark_callback, &pbkdf);
+		if (r < 0)
+			log_std(_("%-10s N/A\n"), kdf);
+		else
+			log_std(_("%-10s %4u iterations, %5u memory, "
+				"%1u parallel threads (CPUs) for "
+				"%zu-bit key (requested %u ms time)\n"), kdf,
+				pbkdf.iterations, pbkdf.max_memory_kb, pbkdf.parallel_threads,
+				key_size * 8, pbkdf.time_ms);
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int benchmark_cipher_loop(const char *cipher, const char *cipher_mode,
+				 size_t volume_key_size,
+				 double *encryption_mbs, double *decryption_mbs)
+{
+	int r, buffer_size = 1024 * 1024;
+
+	do {
+		r = crypt_benchmark(NULL, cipher, cipher_mode,
+				    volume_key_size, 0, buffer_size,
+				    encryption_mbs, decryption_mbs);
+		if (r == -ERANGE) {
+			if (buffer_size < 1024 * 1024 * 65)
+				buffer_size *= 2;
+			else {
+				log_err(_("Result of benchmark is not reliable."));
+				r = -ENOENT;
+			}
+		}
+	} while (r == -ERANGE);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_benchmark(void)
+{
+	static struct {
+		const char *cipher;
+		const char *mode;
+		size_t key_size;
+	} bciphers[] = {
+		{ "aes",     "cbc", 16 },
+		{ "serpent", "cbc", 16 },
+		{ "twofish", "cbc", 16 },
+		{ "aes",     "cbc", 32 },
+		{ "serpent", "cbc", 32 },
+		{ "twofish", "cbc", 32 },
+		{ "aes",     "xts", 32 },
+		{ "serpent", "xts", 32 },
+		{ "twofish", "xts", 32 },
+		{ "aes",     "xts", 64 },
+		{ "serpent", "xts", 64 },
+		{ "twofish", "xts", 64 },
+		{  NULL, NULL, 0 }
+	};
+	static struct {
+		const char *type;
+		const char *hash;
+	} bkdfs[] = {
+		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "sha1" },
+		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "sha256" },
+		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "sha512" },
+		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "ripemd160" },
+		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "whirlpool" },
+		{ CRYPT_KDF_ARGON2I,  NULL },
+		{ CRYPT_KDF_ARGON2ID, NULL },
+		{ NULL, NULL }
+	};
+	char cipher[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
+	double enc_mbr = 0, dec_mbr = 0;
+	int key_size = (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
+	int skipped = 0, width;
+	char *c;
+	int i, r;
+
+	log_std(_("# Tests are approximate using memory only (no storage IO).\n"));
+	if (set_pbkdf || ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID)) {
+		if (!set_pbkdf && ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID))
+			set_pbkdf = CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2;
+		r = action_benchmark_kdf(set_pbkdf, ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID), key_size);
+	} else if (ARG_SET(OPT_CIPHER_ID)) {
+		r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID), cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
+		if (r < 0) {
+			log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
+			return r;
+		}
+		if ((c  = strchr(cipher_mode, '-')))
+			*c = '\0';
+
+		r = benchmark_cipher_loop(cipher, cipher_mode, key_size, &enc_mbr, &dec_mbr);
+		if (!r) {
+			width = strlen(cipher) + strlen(cipher_mode) + 1;
+			if (width < 11)
+				width = 11;
+			/* TRANSLATORS: The string is header of a table and must be exactly (right side) aligned. */
+			log_std(_("#%*s Algorithm |       Key |      Encryption |      Decryption\n"), width - 11, "");
+			log_std("%*s-%s  %9db  %10.1f MiB/s  %10.1f MiB/s\n", width - (int)strlen(cipher_mode) - 1,
+				cipher, cipher_mode, key_size*8, enc_mbr, dec_mbr);
+		} else if (r < 0)
+			log_err(_("Cipher %s (with %i bits key) is not available."), ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID), key_size * 8);
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; bkdfs[i].type; i++) {
+			r = action_benchmark_kdf(bkdfs[i].type, bkdfs[i].hash, key_size);
+			check_signal(&r);
+			if (r == -EINTR)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; bciphers[i].cipher; i++) {
+			r = benchmark_cipher_loop(bciphers[i].cipher, bciphers[i].mode,
+						  bciphers[i].key_size, &enc_mbr, &dec_mbr);
+			check_signal(&r);
+			if (r == -ENOTSUP || r == -EINTR)
+				break;
+			if (r == -ENOENT)
+				skipped++;
+			if (i == 0)
+				/* TRANSLATORS: The string is header of a table and must be exactly (right side) aligned. */
+				log_std(_("#     Algorithm |       Key |      Encryption |      Decryption\n"));
+
+			if (snprintf(cipher, MAX_CIPHER_LEN, "%s-%s",
+				     bciphers[i].cipher, bciphers[i].mode) < 0)
+				r = -EINVAL;
+
+			if (!r)
+				log_std("%15s  %9zub  %10.1f MiB/s  %10.1f MiB/s\n",
+					cipher, bciphers[i].key_size*8, enc_mbr, dec_mbr);
+			else
+				log_std("%15s  %9zub %17s %17s\n", cipher,
+					bciphers[i].key_size*8, _("N/A"), _("N/A"));
+		}
+		if (skipped && skipped == i)
+			r = -ENOTSUP;
+	}
+
+	if (r == -ENOTSUP) {
+		log_err(_("Required kernel crypto interface not available."));
+#ifdef ENABLE_AF_ALG
+		log_err( _("Ensure you have algif_skcipher kernel module loaded."));
+#endif
+	}
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int reencrypt_metadata_repair(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	char *password;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+	int r;
+	struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {
+		.flags = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_REPAIR_NEEDED
+	};
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+	    !yesDialog(_("Unprotected LUKS2 reencryption metadata detected. "
+			 "Please verify the reencryption operation is desirable (see luksDump output)\n"
+			 "and continue (upgrade metadata) only if you acknowledge the operation as genuine."),
+		       _("Operation aborted.\n")))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to protect and upgrade reencryption metadata: "),
+			  &password, &passwordLen, ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+			  ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+			  verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, password, passwordLen,
+			ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), NULL, NULL, &params);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+					 password, passwordLen, 0);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	if (r >= 0)
+		r = 0;
+
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int luks2_reencrypt_repair(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	int r;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+	const char *msg;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {};
+
+	crypt_reencrypt_info ri = crypt_reencrypt_status(cd, &params);
+
+	if (params.flags & CRYPT_REENCRYPT_REPAIR_NEEDED)
+		return reencrypt_metadata_repair(cd);
+
+	switch (ri) {
+	case CRYPT_REENCRYPT_NONE:
+		return 0;
+	case CRYPT_REENCRYPT_CLEAN:
+		break;
+	case CRYPT_REENCRYPT_CRASH:
+		if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+		    !yesDialog(_("Really proceed with LUKS2 reencryption recovery?"),
+			       _("Operation aborted.\n")))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (ri == CRYPT_REENCRYPT_CLEAN)
+		msg = _("Enter passphrase to verify reencryption metadata digest: ");
+	else
+		msg = _("Enter passphrase for reencryption recovery: ");
+
+	r = tools_get_key(msg, &password, &passwordLen, ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+			  ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+			  verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+					 password, passwordLen, 0);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ri == CRYPT_REENCRYPT_CLEAN) {
+		r = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, password, passwordLen,
+			ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), NULL, NULL,
+			&(struct crypt_params_reencrypt){ .flags = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_RECOVERY });
+	if (r > 0)
+		r = 0;
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksRepair(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0],
+					action_argv[0])))
+		goto out;
+
+	crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, &log_parms);
+	r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL);
+	crypt_set_log_callback(cd, tool_log, &log_parms);
+	if (r == 0 && isLUKS2(crypt_get_type(cd))) {
+		/*
+		 * LUKS2 triggers autorepair in crypt_load() above
+		 * LUKS1 need to call crypt_repair() even if crypt_load() is ok
+		 */
+		log_verbose(_("No known problems detected for LUKS header."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], PRB_FILTER_LUKS, NULL, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+	    !yesDialog(_("Really try to repair LUKS device header?"),
+		       _("Operation aborted.\n")))
+		r = -EINVAL;
+	else
+		r = crypt_repair(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL);
+out:
+	/* Header is ok, check if reencryption metadata needs repair/recovery. */
+	if (!r && isLUKS2(crypt_get_type(cd)))
+		r = luks2_reencrypt_repair(cd);
+
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int _wipe_data_device(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	char tmp_name[64], tmp_path[128], tmp_uuid[40];
+	uuid_t tmp_uuid_bin;
+	int r = -EINVAL;
+	char *backing_file = NULL;
+	struct tools_progress_params prog_parms = {
+		.frequency = ARG_UINT32(OPT_PROGRESS_FREQUENCY_ID),
+		.batch_mode = ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID),
+		.json_output = ARG_SET(OPT_PROGRESS_JSON_ID),
+		.interrupt_message = _("\nWipe interrupted."),
+		.device = tools_get_device_name(crypt_get_device_name(cd), &backing_file)
+	};
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
+		log_std(_("Wiping device to initialize integrity checksum.\n"
+			"You can interrupt this by pressing CTRL+c "
+			"(rest of not wiped device will contain invalid checksum).\n"));
+
+	/* Activate the device a temporary one */
+	uuid_generate(tmp_uuid_bin);
+	uuid_unparse(tmp_uuid_bin, tmp_uuid);
+	if (snprintf(tmp_name, sizeof(tmp_name), "temporary-cryptsetup-%s", tmp_uuid) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (snprintf(tmp_path, sizeof(tmp_path), "%s/%s", crypt_get_dir(), tmp_name) < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, tmp_name, NULL, 0,
+		CRYPT_ACTIVATE_PRIVATE | CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_JOURNAL);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Wipe the device */
+	set_int_handler(0);
+	r = crypt_wipe(cd, tmp_path, CRYPT_WIPE_ZERO, 0, 0, DEFAULT_WIPE_BLOCK,
+		       0, &tools_progress, &prog_parms);
+	if (crypt_deactivate(cd, tmp_name))
+		log_err(_("Cannot deactivate temporary device %s."), tmp_path);
+	set_int_block(0);
+
+out:
+	free(backing_file);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int strcmp_or_null(const char *str, const char *expected)
+{
+	return !str ? 0 : strcmp(str, expected);
+}
+
+int luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_passwordLen)
+{
+	int r = -EINVAL, keysize, integrity_keysize = 0, fd, created = 0;
+	struct stat st;
+	const char *header_device, *type;
+	char *msg = NULL, *key = NULL, *password = NULL;
+	char cipher [MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], integrity[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
+	size_t passwordLen, signatures;
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	struct crypt_params_luks1 params1 = {
+		.hash = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LUKS1_HASH,
+		.data_alignment = ARG_UINT32(OPT_ALIGN_PAYLOAD_ID),
+		.data_device = ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID) ? action_argv[0] : NULL,
+	};
+	struct crypt_params_luks2 params2 = {
+		.data_alignment = params1.data_alignment,
+		.data_device = params1.data_device,
+		.sector_size = ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID),
+		.label = ARG_STR(OPT_LABEL_ID),
+		.subsystem = ARG_STR(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID)
+	};
+	void *params;
+
+	type = luksType(device_type);
+	if (!type)
+		type = crypt_get_default_type();
+
+	if (isLUKS2(type)) {
+		params = &params2;
+	} else if (isLUKS1(type)) {
+		params = &params1;
+
+		if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) > SECTOR_SIZE) {
+			log_err(_("Unsupported encryption sector size."));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Integrity option can be used only for LUKS2 format."));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Unsupported LUKS2 metadata size options."));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	} else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Create header file (must contain at least one sector)? */
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID) && stat(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID), &st) < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
+		if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+		    !yesDialog(_("Header file does not exist, do you want to create it?"),
+			       _("Operation aborted.\n")))
+		    return -EPERM;
+
+		log_dbg("Creating header file.");
+		/* coverity[toctou] */
+		fd = open(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID), O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+		if (fd == -1 || posix_fallocate(fd, 0, 4096))
+			log_err(_("Cannot create header file %s."), ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
+		else {
+			r = 0;
+			created = 1;
+		}
+		if (fd != -1)
+			close(fd);
+		if (r < 0)
+			return r;
+	}
+
+	header_device = ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0];
+
+	r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID) ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(LUKS1),
+				      cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID)) {
+		r = crypt_parse_integrity_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID), integrity, &integrity_keysize);
+		if (r < 0) {
+			log_err(_("No known integrity specification pattern detected."));
+			goto out;
+		}
+		params2.integrity = integrity;
+		/* FIXME: we use default integrity_params (set to NULL) */
+	}
+
+	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
+	if (crypt_is_cipher_null(cipher))
+		ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, header_device))) {
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID))
+			log_err(_("Cannot use %s as on-disk header."), header_device);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID)) {
+		r = crypt_set_metadata_size(cd, ARG_UINT64(OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID), ARG_UINT64(OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID));
+		if (r < 0) {
+			log_err(_("Unsupported LUKS2 metadata size options."));
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_OFFSET_ID)) {
+		r = crypt_set_data_offset(cd, ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID));
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Print all present signatures in read-only mode */
+	r = tools_detect_signatures(header_device, PRB_FILTER_NONE, &signatures, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!created && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID)) {
+		r = asprintf(&msg, _("This will overwrite data on %s irrevocably."), header_device);
+		if (r == -1) {
+			r = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		r = yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
+		free(msg);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	keysize = get_adjusted_key_size(cipher_mode, DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS, integrity_keysize);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_USE_RANDOM_ID))
+		crypt_set_rng_type(cd, CRYPT_RNG_RANDOM);
+	else if (ARG_SET(OPT_USE_URANDOM_ID))
+		crypt_set_rng_type(cd, CRYPT_RNG_URANDOM);
+
+	r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+			  ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+			  ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, type);
+	if (r) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Signature candidates found */
+	if (signatures && ((r = tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device, true, false)) < 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_LEGACY_PADDING_ID))
+		crypt_set_compatibility(cd, CRYPT_COMPAT_LEGACY_INTEGRITY_PADDING);
+
+	r = crypt_format(cd, type, cipher, cipher_mode,
+			 ARG_STR(OPT_UUID_ID), key, keysize, params);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_volume_key(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+					    key, keysize,
+					    password, passwordLen);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		(void) tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device, true, false);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_NO_WIPE_ID) &&
+	    strcmp_or_null(params2.integrity, "none"))
+		r = _wipe_data_device(cd);
+out:
+	if (r >= 0 && r_cd && r_password && r_passwordLen) {
+		*r_cd = cd;
+		*r_password = password;
+		*r_passwordLen = passwordLen;
+	} else {
+		crypt_free(cd);
+		crypt_safe_free(password);
+	}
+
+	crypt_safe_free(key);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksFormat(void)
+{
+	return luksFormat(NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static int action_open_luks(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_active_device cad;
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	const char *data_device, *header_device, *activated_name;
+	char *key = NULL;
+	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
+	int r, keysize, tries;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)) {
+		activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
+		r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, activated_name, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
+		if (r)
+			goto out;
+		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_REFRESH;
+	} else {
+		header_device = uuid_or_device_header(&data_device);
+
+		activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+
+		if ((r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, header_device, data_device)))
+			goto out;
+
+		if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
+			log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+				header_device);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (!data_device && (crypt_get_data_offset(cd) < 8) && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Reduced data offset is allowed only for detached LUKS header."));
+			r = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (activated_name && !stat(crypt_get_device_name(cd), &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
+		    crypt_get_data_offset(cd) >= ((uint64_t)st.st_size / SECTOR_SIZE)) {
+			log_err(_("LUKS file container %s is too small for activation, there is no remaining space for data."),
+				  crypt_get_device_name(cd));
+			r = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+		if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for LUKS without keyslots, please use --key-size option."));
+			r = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		} else if (!keysize)
+			keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
+
+		r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name,
+						 key, keysize, activate_flags);
+	} else {
+		r = crypt_activate_by_token_pin(cd, activated_name, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+						ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, 0, NULL, activate_flags);
+		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+		tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), false);
+
+		/* Token requires PIN. Ask if there is evident preference for tokens */
+		if (r == -ENOANO && (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) ||
+				     ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID)))
+			r = _try_token_pin_unlock(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), activated_name, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), activate_flags, set_tries_tty(), true);
+
+		if (r >= 0 || r == -EEXIST || quit || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID))
+			goto out;
+
+		tries = set_tries_tty();
+		do {
+			r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+					ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+					ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+			if (r < 0)
+				goto out;
+
+			r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name,
+				ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
+			tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+			tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+			check_signal(&r);
+			crypt_safe_free(password);
+			password = NULL;
+		} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+	}
+out:
+	if (r >= 0 && ARG_SET(OPT_PERSISTENT_ID) &&
+	    (crypt_get_active_device(cd, activated_name, &cad) ||
+	     crypt_persistent_flags_set(cd, CRYPT_FLAGS_ACTIVATION, cad.flags & activate_flags)))
+		log_err(_("Device activated but cannot make flags persistent."));
+
+	crypt_safe_free(key);
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int verify_keyslot(struct crypt_device *cd, int key_slot, crypt_keyslot_info ki,
+			  char *msg_last, char *msg_pass, char *msg_fail,
+			  const char *key_file, uint64_t keyfile_offset,
+			  int keyfile_size)
+{
+	char *password = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+	int i, max, r;
+
+	if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !key_file &&
+	    msg_last && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(msg_last, msg_fail))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	r = tools_get_key(msg_pass, &password, &passwordLen,
+			  keyfile_offset, keyfile_size, key_file, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+			  verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST) {
+		/* check the last keyslot */
+		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, key_slot,
+						 password, passwordLen, 0);
+	} else {
+		/* try all other keyslots */
+		r = crypt_keyslot_max(crypt_get_type(cd));
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		max = r;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < max ; i++) {
+			if (i == key_slot)
+				continue;
+			ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, i);
+			if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE || ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST)
+				r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, i,
+						 password, passwordLen, 0);
+			if (r == i)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Handle inactive keyslots the same as bad password here */
+	if (r == -ENOENT)
+		r = -EPERM;
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksKillSlot(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	crypt_keyslot_info ki;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	switch (ki) {
+	case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST:
+	case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE:
+	case CRYPT_SLOT_UNBOUND:
+		log_verbose(_("Keyslot %d is selected for deletion."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		break;
+	case CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE:
+		log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		/* fall through */
+	case CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID:
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) || !isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
+		r = verify_keyslot(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ki,
+			_("This is the last keyslot. Device will become unusable after purging this key."),
+			_("Enter any remaining passphrase: "),
+			_("Operation aborted, the keyslot was NOT wiped.\n"),
+			ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID));
+		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+		if (r == -EPIPE && (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) || tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)))) {
+			log_dbg("Failed read from input, ignoring passphrase.");
+			r = 0;
+		}
+
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	tools_keyslot_msg(ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), REMOVED);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksRemoveKey(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to be deleted: "),
+		      &password, &passwordLen,
+		      ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+		      ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+		      verify_passphrase(0), 0,
+		      cd);
+	if(r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+					 password, passwordLen, 0);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+	ARG_SET_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID, r);
+	log_verbose(_("Keyslot %d is selected for deletion."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+
+	if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST &&
+	    !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+	    !yesDialog(_("This is the last keyslot. "
+			 "Device will become unusable after purging this key."),
+		       _("Operation aborted, the keyslot was NOT wiped.\n"))) {
+		r = -EPERM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	tools_keyslot_msg(ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), REMOVED);
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int luksAddUnboundKey(void)
+{
+	int r = -EINVAL, keysize = 0;
+	char *key = NULL;
+	const char *new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
+	char *password_new = NULL;
+	size_t password_new_size = 0;
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
+	if (crypt_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
+		ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
+
+	keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
+	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
+	if (r) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		check_signal(&r);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
+			  &password_new, &password_new_size,
+			  ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+			  new_key_file, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+			  verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_key(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), key, keysize,
+			password_new, password_new_size, CRYPT_VOLUME_KEY_NO_SEGMENT);
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password_new);
+	crypt_safe_free(key);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int _ask_for_pin(struct crypt_device *cd,
+	int token_id, char **r_pin, size_t *r_pin_size,
+	struct crypt_keyslot_context *kc)
+{
+	int r;
+	char msg[64];
+
+	assert(r_pin);
+	assert(r_pin_size);
+	assert(kc);
+	assert(token_id >= 0 || token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN);
+
+	if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_type(kc) != CRYPT_KC_TYPE_TOKEN)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN)
+		r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token PIN: "));
+	else
+		r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token %d PIN: "), token_id);
+	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= sizeof(msg))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	r = tools_get_key(msg, r_pin, r_pin_size, 0, 0, NULL,
+			ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_context_set_pin(cd, *r_pin, *r_pin_size, kc);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		crypt_safe_free(*r_pin);
+		*r_pin = NULL;
+		*r_pin_size = 0;
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int try_keyslot_add(struct crypt_device *cd,
+	int keyslot_existing,
+	int keyslot_new,
+	struct crypt_keyslot_context *kc,
+	struct crypt_keyslot_context *kc_new,
+	bool pin_provided,
+	bool new_pin_provided)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_keyslot_context(cd, keyslot_existing, kc, keyslot_new, kc_new, 0);
+	if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_type(kc) == CRYPT_KC_TYPE_TOKEN)
+		tools_token_error_msg(crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(kc), ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+				      ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), pin_provided);
+	if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_type(kc_new) == CRYPT_KC_TYPE_TOKEN)
+		tools_token_error_msg(crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(kc_new), NULL,
+				      ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID), new_pin_provided);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksAddKey(void)
+{
+	int keyslot_old, keyslot_new, keysize = 0, r = -EINVAL;
+	const char *new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
+	char *key = NULL, *password = NULL, *password_new = NULL, *pin = NULL, *pin_new = NULL;
+	size_t pin_size, pin_size_new, password_size = 0, password_new_size = 0;
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	struct crypt_keyslot_context *p_kc_new = NULL, *kc = NULL, *kc_new = NULL;
+
+	/* Unbound keyslot (no assigned data segment) is special case */
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID))
+		return luksAddUnboundKey();
+
+	/* maintain backward compatibility of luksAddKey action positional parameter */
+	if (!new_key_file)
+		new_key_file = ARG_STR(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_ID);
+
+	keyslot_old = ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID);
+	keyslot_new = ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_KEY_SLOT_ID);
+
+	/*
+	 * maintain backward compatibility of --key-slot/-S as 'new keyslot number'
+	 * unless --new-key-slot is used.
+	 */
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_NEW_KEY_SLOT_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) {
+		if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
+			log_std(_("WARNING: The --key-slot parameter is used for new keyslot number.\n"));
+		keyslot_old = CRYPT_ANY_SLOT;
+		keyslot_new = ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID);
+	}
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
+	if (crypt_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
+		ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
+
+	keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
+	if (r) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for LUKS without keyslots, please use --key-size option."));
+			r = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		} else if (!keysize)
+			keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
+
+		r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		r = crypt_volume_key_verify(cd, key, keysize);
+		if (r == -EPERM)
+			log_err(_("Volume key does not match the volume."));
+		check_signal(&r);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_volume_key(cd, key, keysize, &kc);
+	} else if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)))
+		r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_keyfile(cd,
+				ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+				ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+				ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+				&kc);
+	else if (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID)) {
+		r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_token(cd,
+				ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID),
+				ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+				NULL, 0, NULL, &kc);
+	} else {
+		r = tools_get_key(_("Enter any existing passphrase: "),
+			      &password, &password_size,
+			      ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+			      ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Check password before asking for new one */
+		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+						 password, password_size, 0);
+		check_signal(&r);
+		tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+		r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_passphrase(cd, password, password_size, &kc);
+	}
+
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (new_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(new_key_file)) {
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), new_key_file))
+			p_kc_new = kc;
+		else {
+			r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_keyfile(cd,
+					new_key_file,
+					ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+					ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+					&kc_new);
+			p_kc_new = kc_new;
+		}
+	} else if (ARG_SET(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID)) {
+		if (ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID) == ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID))
+			p_kc_new = kc;
+		else {
+			r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_token(cd,
+					ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID),
+					NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, &kc_new);
+			p_kc_new = kc_new;
+		}
+	} else {
+		r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
+			      &password_new, &password_new_size,
+			      ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), new_key_file,
+			      ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
+
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_passphrase(cd, password_new, password_new_size, &kc_new);
+	}
+
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!p_kc_new)
+		p_kc_new = kc_new;
+
+	r = try_keyslot_add(cd, keyslot_old, keyslot_new, kc, p_kc_new, pin, pin_new);
+	if (r >= 0 || r != -ENOANO)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(kc) == -ENOANO) {
+		r = _ask_for_pin(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), &pin, &pin_size, kc);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		r = try_keyslot_add(cd, keyslot_old, keyslot_new, kc, p_kc_new, pin, pin_new);
+		if (r >= 0 || r != -ENOANO)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(p_kc_new) == -ENOANO) {
+		r = _ask_for_pin(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID), &pin_new, &pin_size_new, p_kc_new);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+		r = try_keyslot_add(cd, keyslot_old, keyslot_new, kc, p_kc_new, pin, pin_new);
+	}
+out:
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
+	crypt_keyslot_context_free(kc);
+	crypt_keyslot_context_free(kc_new);
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(password_new);
+	crypt_safe_free(pin);
+	crypt_safe_free(pin_new);
+	crypt_safe_free(key);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksChangeKey(void)
+{
+	const char *new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	char *password = NULL, *password_new = NULL;
+	size_t password_size = 0, password_new_size = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
+	if (crypt_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
+		ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
+
+	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
+	if (r) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to be changed: "),
+		      &password, &password_size,
+		      ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+		      ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check password before asking for new one */
+	r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+					 password, password_size, CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_UNBOUND_KEY);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase: "),
+			  &password_new, &password_new_size,
+			  ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+			  new_key_file,
+			  ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+		password, password_size, password_new, password_new_size);
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(password_new);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksConvertKey(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	size_t password_size = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
+	if (r) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase for keyslot to be converted: "),
+		      &password, &password_size,
+		      ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+		      ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+			password, password_size, password, password_size);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_isLuks(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	/* FIXME: argc > max should be checked for other operations as well */
+	if (action_argc > 1) {
+		log_err(_("Only one device argument for isLuks operation is supported."));
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, &log_parms);
+	r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksUUID(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	const char *existing_uuid = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
+		crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, _("Operation aborted.\n"));
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL)))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UUID_ID))
+		r = crypt_set_uuid(cd, ARG_STR(OPT_UUID_ID));
+	else {
+		existing_uuid = crypt_get_uuid(cd);
+		log_std("%s\n", existing_uuid ?: "");
+		r = existing_uuid ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int luksDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	char *vk = NULL, *password = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen = 0;
+	size_t vk_size;
+	int r;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
+	    _("The header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
+	      "that allows access to encrypted partition without a passphrase.\n"
+	      "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
+	      NULL))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+	vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
+	if (!vk)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+			  ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+			  ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size,
+				 password, passwordLen);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), vk, vk_size);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	log_std("LUKS header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
+	log_std("Cipher name:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd));
+	log_std("Cipher mode:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
+	log_std("Payload offset:\t%d\n", (int)crypt_get_data_offset(cd));
+	log_std("UUID:          \t%s\n", crypt_get_uuid(cd));
+	log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	log_std("MK dump:\t");
+	crypt_log_hex(NULL, vk, vk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
+	log_std("\n");
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(vk);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int luksDump_with_unbound_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	crypt_keyslot_info ki;
+	char *uk = NULL, *password = NULL;
+	size_t uk_size, passwordLen = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	if (ki != CRYPT_SLOT_UNBOUND) {
+		log_err(_("Keyslot %d does not contain unbound key."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
+	    _("The header dump with unbound key is sensitive information.\n"
+	      "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
+	      NULL))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	r = crypt_keyslot_get_key_size(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	if (r < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	uk_size = r;
+	uk = crypt_safe_alloc(uk_size);
+	if (!uk)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+			  ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+			  ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), uk, &uk_size,
+				 password, passwordLen);
+	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+	check_signal(&r);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), uk, uk_size);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	log_std("LUKS header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
+	log_std("UUID:    \t%s\n", crypt_get_uuid(cd));
+	log_std("Keyslot: \t%d\n", ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	log_std("Key bits:\t%d\n", (int)uk_size * 8);
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+		log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	log_std("Unbound Key:\t");
+	crypt_log_hex(NULL, uk, uk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
+	log_std("\n");
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_safe_free(uk);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksDump(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
+		r = luksDump_with_volume_key(cd);
+	else if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID))
+		r = luksDump_with_unbound_key(cd);
+	else if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_JSON_ID))
+		r = crypt_dump_json(cd, NULL, 0);
+	else
+		r = crypt_dump(cd);
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksSuspend(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID)));
+	if (!r) {
+		r = crypt_suspend(cd, action_argv[0]);
+		if (r == -ENODEV)
+			log_err(_("%s is not active %s device name."), action_argv[0], "LUKS");
+	}
+
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksResume(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	char *password = NULL;
+	size_t passwordLen;
+	int r, tries;
+	struct crypt_active_device cad;
+	const char *req_type = luksType(device_type);
+
+	if (req_type && !isLUKS(req_type))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID)))))
+		return r;
+
+	r = -EINVAL;
+	if (!isLUKS(crypt_get_type(cd))) {
+		log_err(_("%s is not active LUKS device name or header is missing."), action_argv[0]);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (req_type && strcmp(req_type, crypt_get_type(cd))) {
+		log_err(_("%s is not active %s device name."), action_argv[0], req_type);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = crypt_get_active_device(cd, action_argv[0], &cad);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUSPENDED)) {
+		log_err(_("Volume %s is not suspended."), action_argv[0]);
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* try to resume LUKS2 device by token first */
+	r = crypt_resume_by_token_pin(cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+					ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, 0, NULL);
+	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+	tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), false);
+
+	/* Token requires PIN. Ask if there is evident preference for tokens */
+	if (r == -ENOANO && (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) ||
+			     ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID)))
+		r = _try_token_pin_unlock(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), 0, set_tries_tty(), false);
+
+	if (r >= 0 || quit || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID))
+		goto out;
+
+	tries = set_tries_tty();
+	do {
+		r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+			ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+			ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		r = crypt_resume_by_passphrase(cd, action_argv[0], ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
+					       password, passwordLen);
+		tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+		check_signal(&r);
+		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+		crypt_safe_free(password);
+		password = NULL;
+	} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(password);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksBackup(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID)) {
+		log_err(_("Option --header-backup-file is required."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_header_backup(cd, NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID));
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksRestore(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID)) {
+		log_err(_("Option --header-backup-file is required."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
+		crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
+	r = crypt_header_restore(cd, NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID));
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static const char *_get_device_type(void)
+{
+	const char *type, *name = NULL;
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+
+	if (action_argc > 1)
+		name = action_argv[1];
+	else if (action_argc == 1)
+		name = action_argv[0];
+
+	if (crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, name, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID)))
+		return NULL;
+
+	type = crypt_get_type(cd);
+	if (!type) {
+		crypt_free(cd);
+		log_err(_("%s is not cryptsetup managed device."), name);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!strncmp(type, "LUKS", 4))
+		type = "luks";
+	else if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_PLAIN))
+		type = "plain";
+	else if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_LOOPAES))
+		type = "loopaes";
+	else {
+		log_err(_("Refresh is not supported for device type %s"), type);
+		type = NULL;
+	}
+
+	crypt_free(cd);
+
+	return type;
+}
+
+static int action_open(void)
+{
+	int r = -EINVAL;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID) && !device_type)
+		/* read device type from active mapping */
+		device_type = _get_device_type();
+
+	if (!device_type)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!strcmp(device_type, "luks") ||
+	    !strcmp(device_type, "luks1") ||
+	    !strcmp(device_type, "luks2")) {
+		if (action_argc < 2 && (!ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)))
+			goto out;
+		return action_open_luks();
+	} else if (!strcmp(device_type, "plain")) {
+		if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID))
+			goto out;
+		return action_open_plain();
+	} else if (!strcmp(device_type, "loopaes")) {
+		if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID))
+			goto out;
+		return action_open_loopaes();
+	} else if (!strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")) {
+		if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+			goto out;
+		return action_open_tcrypt();
+	} else if (!strcmp(device_type, "bitlk")) {
+		if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+			goto out;
+		return action_open_bitlk();
+	} else if (!strcmp(device_type, "fvault2")) {
+		if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+			goto out;
+		return action_open_fvault2();
+	} else
+		r = -ENOENT;
+out:
+	if (r == -ENOENT)
+		log_err(_("Unrecognized metadata device type %s."), device_type);
+	else
+		log_err(_("Command requires device and mapped name as arguments."));
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksErase(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	crypt_keyslot_info ki;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	int i, max, r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if(asprintf(&msg, _("This operation will erase all keyslots on device %s.\n"
+			    "Device will become unusable after this operation."),
+			    uuid_or_device_header(NULL)) == -1) {
+		r = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, keyslots were NOT wiped.\n"))) {
+		r = -EPERM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Safety check */
+	max = crypt_keyslot_max(crypt_get_type(cd));
+	if (max <= 0) {
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+		ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, i);
+		if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE || ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST) {
+			r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, i);
+			if (r < 0)
+				goto out;
+			tools_keyslot_msg(i, REMOVED);
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	free(msg);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_luksConvert(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	const char *to_type, *from_type;
+	int r;
+
+	if (!strcmp(device_type, "luks2")) {
+		to_type = CRYPT_LUKS2;
+	} else if (!strcmp(device_type, "luks1")) {
+		to_type = CRYPT_LUKS1;
+	} else {
+		log_err(_("Invalid LUKS type, only luks1 and luks2 are supported."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		return r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS, NULL)) ||
+	    !(from_type = crypt_get_type(cd))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		crypt_free(cd);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(from_type, to_type)) {
+		log_err(_("Device is already %s type."), to_type);
+		crypt_free(cd);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	r = 0;
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID)) {
+		if (asprintf(&msg, _("This operation will convert %s to %s format.\n"),
+				    uuid_or_device_header(NULL), to_type) == -1)
+			r = -ENOMEM;
+		else if (!yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, device was NOT converted.\n")))
+			r = -EPERM;
+	}
+
+	r = r ?: crypt_convert(cd, to_type, NULL);
+
+	free(msg);
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int _config_priority(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	crypt_keyslot_info cs;
+	crypt_keyslot_priority priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_INVALID;
+
+	if (!strcmp("normal", ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID)))
+		priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
+	else if (!strcmp("prefer", ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID)))
+		priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_PREFER;
+	else if (!strcmp("ignore", ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID)))
+		priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_IGNORE;
+
+	cs = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	if (cs != CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID)
+		return crypt_keyslot_set_priority(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), priority);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int _config_labels(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	return crypt_set_label(cd, ARG_STR(OPT_LABEL_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID));
+}
+
+static int action_luksConfig(void)
+{
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+	int r;
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_PRIORITY_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_LABEL_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID)) {
+		log_err(_("Option --priority, --label or --subsystem is missing."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
+		return r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
+			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_PRIORITY_ID) && (r = _config_priority(cd)))
+		goto out;
+
+	if ((ARG_SET(OPT_LABEL_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID)) && (r = _config_labels(cd)))
+		goto out;
+out:
+	crypt_free(cd);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int _token_add(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	int r, token;
+	crypt_token_info token_info;
+	const struct crypt_token_params_luks2_keyring params = {
+		.key_description = ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_DESCRIPTION_ID)
+	};
+
+	if (ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
+		token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
+		if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
+			log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		} else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE && !ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_REPLACE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Token %d in use."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
+		log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	r = crypt_token_luks2_keyring_set(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), &params);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to add luks2-keyring token %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	token = r;
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID))
+		return token;
+
+	r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		(void) crypt_token_json_set(cd, token, NULL);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	return token;
+}
+
+static int _token_remove(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	crypt_token_info token_info;
+
+	token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
+	if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
+		log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	} else if (token_info == CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
+		log_err(_("Token %d is not in use."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return crypt_token_json_set(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
+}
+
+static int _token_import(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	char *json;
+	size_t json_length;
+	crypt_token_info token_info;
+	int r, token;
+
+	if (ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
+		token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
+		if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
+			log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		} else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE && !ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_REPLACE_ID)) {
+			log_err(_("Token %d in use."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
+		log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	r = tools_read_json_file(ARG_STR(OPT_JSON_FILE_ID), &json, &json_length, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	r = crypt_token_json_set(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), json);
+	free(json);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to import token from file."));
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	token = r;
+
+	if (ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) != CRYPT_ANY_SLOT) {
+		r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		if (r < 0) {
+			log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+			(void) crypt_token_json_set(cd, token, NULL);
+			return r;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return token;
+}
+
+static int _token_export(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	const char *json;
+	int r;
+
+	r = crypt_token_json_get(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), &json);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(_("Failed to get token %d for export."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	return tools_write_json_file(ARG_STR(OPT_JSON_FILE_ID), json);
+}
+
+static int _token_unassign(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	int r = crypt_token_is_assigned(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+
+	if (r < 0) {
+		if (r == -ENOENT)
+			log_err(_("Token %d is not assigned to keyslot %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+		else
+			log_err(_("Failed to unassign token %d from keyslot %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	r = crypt_token_unassign_keyslot(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+	if (r < 0)
+		log_err(_("Failed to unassign token %d from keyslot %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_token(void)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[1]))))
+		return r;
+
+	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
+		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
+			uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[1]));
+		crypt_free(cd);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	r = -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "add")) {
+		r = _token_add(cd); /* adds only luks2-keyring type */
+		tools_token_msg(r, CREATED);
+	} else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove")) {
+		r = _token_remove(cd);
+		tools_token_msg(r, REMOVED);
+	} else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "import")) {
+		r = _token_import(cd);
+		tools_token_msg(r, CREATED);
+	} else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "export"))
+		r = _token_export(cd);
+	else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "unassign"))
+		r = _token_unassign(cd);
+
+	crypt_free(cd);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int action_reencrypt(void)
+{
+	return reencrypt(action_argc, action_argv);
+}
+
+static const char *verify_tcryptdump(void)
+{
+	if ((ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_SYSTEM_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_BACKUP_ID)) && (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")))
+		return _("Option --tcrypt-hidden, --tcrypt-system or --tcrypt-backup is supported only for TCRYPT device.");
+
+	if ((ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID)) && (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")))
+		return _("Option --veracrypt or --disable-veracrypt is supported only for TCRYPT device type.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID))
+		return _("Option --veracrypt-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_QUERY_PIM_ID)) {
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID))
+			return _("Option --veracrypt-query-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices.");
+		else if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID))
+			return _("The options --veracrypt-pim and --veracrypt-query-pim are mutually exclusive.");
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char * verify_open(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_PERSISTENT_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+		return _("Option --persistent is not allowed with --test-passphrase.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+		return _("Options --refresh and --test-passphrase are mutually exclusive.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_SHARED_ID) && strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain"))
+		return _("Option --shared is allowed only for open of plain device.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_SKIP_ID) && strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain") && strcmp(device_type, "loopaes"))
+		return _("Option --skip is supported only for open of plain and loopaes devices.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_OFFSET_ID) && strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain") && strcmp(device_type, "loopaes"))
+		return _("Option --offset with open action is only supported for plain and loopaes devices.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_ALLOW_DISCARDS_ID))
+		return _("Option --tcrypt-hidden cannot be combined with --allow-discards.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) &&
+	    (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "plain")))
+		return _("Sector size option with open action is supported only for plain devices.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_IV_LARGE_SECTORS_ID) && (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "plain") ||
+	    ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) <= SECTOR_SIZE))
+		return _("Large IV sectors option is supported only for opening plain type device with sector size larger than 512 bytes.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) && (!device_type ||
+	    (strncmp(device_type, "luks", 4) && strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt") &&
+	     strcmp(device_type, "bitlk") && strcmp(device_type, "fvault2"))))
+		return _("Option --test-passphrase is allowed only for open of LUKS, TCRYPT, BITLK and FVAULT2 devices.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+		return _("Options --device-size and --size cannot be combined.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && device_type && strncmp(device_type, "luks", 4))
+		return _("Option --unbound is allowed only for open of luks device.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+		return _("Option --unbound cannot be used without --test-passphrase.");
+
+	/* "open --type tcrypt" and "tcryptDump" checks are identical */
+	return verify_tcryptdump();
+}
+
+static const char *verify_close(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_CANCEL_DEFERRED_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_DEFERRED_ID))
+		return _("Options --cancel-deferred and --deferred cannot be used at the same time.");
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_resize(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+		return _("Options --device-size and --size cannot be combined.");
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_reencrypt(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID))
+		return _("Options --reduce-device-size and --data-size cannot be combined.");
+
+	if (isLUKS1(luksType(device_type)) && ARG_SET(OPT_ACTIVE_NAME_ID))
+		return _("Option --active-name can be set only for LUKS2 device.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_ACTIVE_NAME_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_OFFLINE_REENCRYPT_ID))
+		return _("Options --active-name and --force-offline-reencrypt cannot be combined.");
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_config(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_PRIORITY_ID) && ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT)
+		return _("Keyslot specification is required.");
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_format(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_ALIGN_PAYLOAD_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_OFFSET_ID))
+		return _("Options --align-payload and --offset cannot be combined.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_NO_WIPE_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID))
+		return _("Option --integrity-no-wipe can be used only for format action with integrity extension.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_USE_RANDOM_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_USE_URANDOM_ID))
+		return  _("Only one of --use-[u]random options is allowed.");
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_addkey(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && !ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID))
+		return _("Key size is required with --unbound option.");
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_luksDump(void)
+{
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT)
+		return _("Keyslot specification is required.");
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_token(void)
+{
+	if (strcmp(action_argv[0], "add") &&
+	    strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove") &&
+	    strcmp(action_argv[0], "import") &&
+	    strcmp(action_argv[0], "export") &&
+	    strcmp(action_argv[0], "unassign"))
+		return _("Invalid token action.");
+
+	if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_DESCRIPTION_ID) && !strcmp(action_argv[0], "add"))
+		return _("--key-description parameter is mandatory for token add action.");
+
+	if (ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN &&
+	    (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove") || !strcmp(action_argv[0], "export")))
+		return _("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter.");
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID)) {
+		if (strcmp(action_argv[0], "add"))
+			return _("Option --unbound is valid only with token add action.");
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID))
+			return _("Options --key-slot and --unbound cannot be combined.");
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "unassign")) {
+		if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID))
+			return _("Action requires specific keyslot. Use --key-slot parameter.");
+		if (!ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID))
+			return _("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter.");
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct action_type {
+	const char *type;
+	int (*handler)(void);
+	const char *(*verify)(void);
+	int required_action_argc;
+	const char *arg_desc;
+	const char *desc;
+} action_types[] = {
+	{ OPEN_ACTION,		action_open,		verify_open,		1, N_("<device> [--type <type>] [<name>]"),N_("open device as <name>") },
+	{ CLOSE_ACTION,		action_close,		verify_close,		1, N_("<name>"), N_("close device (remove mapping)") },
+	{ RESIZE_ACTION,	action_resize,		verify_resize,		1, N_("<name>"), N_("resize active device") },
+	{ STATUS_ACTION,	action_status,		NULL,			1, N_("<name>"), N_("show device status") },
+	{ BENCHMARK_ACTION,	action_benchmark,	NULL,			0, N_("[--cipher <cipher>]"), N_("benchmark cipher") },
+	{ REPAIR_ACTION,	action_luksRepair,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("try to repair on-disk metadata") },
+	{ REENCRYPT_ACTION,	action_reencrypt,	verify_reencrypt,	0, N_("<device>"), N_("reencrypt LUKS2 device") },
+	{ ERASE_ACTION,		action_luksErase,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("erase all keyslots (remove encryption key)") },
+	{ CONVERT_ACTION,	action_luksConvert,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("convert LUKS from/to LUKS2 format") },
+	{ CONFIG_ACTION,	action_luksConfig,	verify_config,		1, N_("<device>"), N_("set permanent configuration options for LUKS2") },
+	{ FORMAT_ACTION,	action_luksFormat,	verify_format,		1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("formats a LUKS device") },
+	{ ADDKEY_ACTION,	action_luksAddKey,	verify_addkey,		1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("add key to LUKS device") },
+	{ REMOVEKEY_ACTION,	action_luksRemoveKey,	NULL,			1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("removes supplied key or key file from LUKS device") },
+	{ CHANGEKEY_ACTION,	action_luksChangeKey,	NULL,			1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("changes supplied key or key file of LUKS device") },
+	{ CONVERTKEY_ACTION,	action_luksConvertKey,	NULL,			1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("converts a key to new pbkdf parameters") },
+	{ KILLKEY_ACTION,	action_luksKillSlot,	NULL,			2, N_("<device> <key slot>"), N_("wipes key with number <key slot> from LUKS device") },
+	{ UUID_ACTION,		action_luksUUID,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("print UUID of LUKS device") },
+	{ ISLUKS_ACTION,	action_isLuks,		NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("tests <device> for LUKS partition header") },
+	{ LUKSDUMP_ACTION,	action_luksDump,	verify_luksDump,	1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump LUKS partition information") },
+	{ TCRYPTDUMP_ACTION,	action_tcryptDump,	verify_tcryptdump,	1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump TCRYPT device information") },
+	{ BITLKDUMP_ACTION,	action_bitlkDump,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump BITLK device information") },
+	{ FVAULT2DUMP_ACTION,	action_fvault2Dump,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump FVAULT2 device information") },
+	{ SUSPEND_ACTION,	action_luksSuspend,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("Suspend LUKS device and wipe key (all IOs are frozen)") },
+	{ RESUME_ACTION,	action_luksResume,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("Resume suspended LUKS device") },
+	{ HEADERBACKUP_ACTION,	action_luksBackup,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("Backup LUKS device header and keyslots") },
+	{ HEADERRESTORE_ACTION,	action_luksRestore,	NULL,			1, N_("<device>"), N_("Restore LUKS device header and keyslots") },
+	{ TOKEN_ACTION,		action_token,		verify_token,		2, N_("<add|remove|import|export> <device>"), N_("Manipulate LUKS2 tokens") },
+	{}
+};
+
+static void help(poptContext popt_context,
+		 enum poptCallbackReason reason __attribute__((unused)),
+		 struct poptOption *key,
+		 const char *arg __attribute__((unused)),
+		 void *data __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+	const char *path;
+
+	if (key->shortName == '?') {
+		struct action_type *action;
+		const struct crypt_pbkdf_type *pbkdf_luks1, *pbkdf_luks2;
+
+		tools_package_version(PACKAGE_NAME, true);
+		poptPrintHelp(popt_context, stdout, 0);
+
+		log_std(_("\n"
+			 "<action> is one of:\n"));
+
+		for(action = action_types; action->type; action++)
+			log_std("\t%s %s - %s\n", action->type, _(action->arg_desc), _(action->desc));
+
+		log_std(_("\n"
+			  "You can also use old <action> syntax aliases:\n"
+			  "\topen: create (plainOpen), luksOpen, loopaesOpen, tcryptOpen, bitlkOpen, fvault2Open\n"
+			  "\tclose: remove (plainClose), luksClose, loopaesClose, tcryptClose, bitlkClose, fvault2Close\n"));
+		log_std(_("\n"
+			 "<name> is the device to create under %s\n"
+			 "<device> is the encrypted device\n"
+			 "<key slot> is the LUKS key slot number to modify\n"
+			 "<key file> optional key file for the new key for luksAddKey action\n"),
+			crypt_get_dir());
+
+		log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in metadata format is %s (for luksFormat action).\n"),
+			  crypt_get_default_type());
+
+		path = crypt_token_external_path();
+		if (path) {
+			log_std(_("\nLUKS2 external token plugin support is %s.\n"), _("compiled-in"));
+			log_std(_("LUKS2 external token plugin path: %s.\n"), path);
+		} else
+			log_std(_("\nLUKS2 external token plugin support is %s.\n"), _("disabled"));
+
+		pbkdf_luks1 = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(CRYPT_LUKS1);
+		pbkdf_luks2 = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(CRYPT_LUKS2);
+		log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in key and passphrase parameters:\n"
+			 "\tMaximum keyfile size: %dkB, "
+			 "Maximum interactive passphrase length %d (characters)\n"
+			 "Default PBKDF for LUKS1: %s, iteration time: %d (ms)\n"
+			 "Default PBKDF for LUKS2: %s\n"
+			 "\tIteration time: %d, Memory required: %dkB, Parallel threads: %d\n"),
+			 DEFAULT_KEYFILE_SIZE_MAXKB, DEFAULT_PASSPHRASE_SIZE_MAX,
+			 pbkdf_luks1->type,  pbkdf_luks1->time_ms,
+			 pbkdf_luks2->type, pbkdf_luks2->time_ms, pbkdf_luks2->max_memory_kb,
+			 pbkdf_luks2->parallel_threads);
+
+		log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in device cipher parameters:\n"
+			 "\tloop-AES: %s, Key %d bits\n"
+			 "\tplain: %s, Key: %d bits, Password hashing: %s\n"
+			 "\tLUKS: %s, Key: %d bits, LUKS header hashing: %s, RNG: %s\n"),
+			 DEFAULT_LOOPAES_CIPHER, DEFAULT_LOOPAES_KEYBITS,
+			 DEFAULT_CIPHER(PLAIN), DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS, DEFAULT_PLAIN_HASH,
+			 DEFAULT_CIPHER(LUKS1), DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS, DEFAULT_LUKS1_HASH,
+			 DEFAULT_RNG);
+#if defined(ENABLE_LUKS_ADJUST_XTS_KEYSIZE) && DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS != 512
+		log_std(_("\tLUKS: Default keysize with XTS mode (two internal keys) will be doubled.\n"));
+#endif
+		tools_cleanup();
+		poptFreeContext(popt_context);
+		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	} else if (key->shortName == 'V') {
+		tools_package_version(PACKAGE_NAME, true);
+		tools_cleanup();
+		poptFreeContext(popt_context);
+		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	} else
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_SUCCESS, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void help_args(struct action_type *action, poptContext popt_context)
+{
+	char buf[128];
+
+	if (snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _("%s: requires %s as arguments"), action->type, action->arg_desc) < 0)
+		buf[0] = '\0';
+	usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, buf, poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+}
+
+static int run_action(struct action_type *action)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	log_dbg("Running command %s.", action->type);
+
+	set_int_handler(0);
+	r = action->handler();
+
+	/* Some functions returns keyslot # */
+	if (r > 0)
+		r = 0;
+	check_signal(&r);
+
+	show_status(r);
+	return translate_errno(r);
+}
+
+static const char *verify_action(struct action_type *action)
+{
+	log_dbg("Verifying parameters for command %s.", action->type);
+
+	return action->verify ? action->verify() : NULL;
+}
+
+static bool needs_size_conversion(unsigned arg_id)
+{
+	return (arg_id == OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID || arg_id == OPT_HOTZONE_SIZE_ID ||
+		arg_id == OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID || arg_id == OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID ||
+		arg_id == OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID);
+}
+
+static void check_key_slot_value(poptContext popt_context)
+{
+	if (ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) < 0)
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Key slot is invalid."),
+		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+}
+
+static void basic_options_cb(poptContext popt_context,
+		 enum poptCallbackReason reason __attribute__((unused)),
+		 struct poptOption *key,
+		 const char *arg,
+		 void *data __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+	tools_parse_arg_value(popt_context, tool_core_args[key->val].type, tool_core_args + key->val, arg, key->val, needs_size_conversion);
+
+	/* special cases additional handling */
+	switch (key->val) {
+	case OPT_DEBUG_JSON_ID:
+		/* fall through */
+	case OPT_DEBUG_ID:
+		log_parms.debug = true;
+		/* fall through */
+	case OPT_VERBOSE_ID:
+		log_parms.verbose = true;
+		break;
+	case OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID:
+		if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) == 0)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(POPT_ERROR_BADNUMBER),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) % SECTOR_SIZE)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Device size must be multiple of 512 bytes sector."),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		break;
+	case OPT_HOTZONE_SIZE_ID:
+		if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_HOTZONE_SIZE_ID) == 0)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid max reencryption hotzone size specification."),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		break;
+	case OPT_KEY_FILE_ID:
+		if (tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))) {
+			free(keyfile_stdin);
+			keyfile_stdin = strdup(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID));
+		} else if (keyfiles_count < MAX_KEYFILES)
+			keyfiles[keyfiles_count++] = strdup(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID));
+		total_keyfiles++;
+		break;
+	case OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID:
+		if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) % 8)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+			      _("Key size must be a multiple of 8 bits"),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		break;
+	case OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID:
+		check_key_slot_value(popt_context);
+		break;
+	case OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID:
+		if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) == 0)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(POPT_ERROR_BADNUMBER),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) % 8)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+			      _("Key size must be a multiple of 8 bits"),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		break;
+	case OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID:
+		if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) > 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Maximum device reduce size is 1 GiB."),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) % SECTOR_SIZE)
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Reduce size must be multiple of 512 bytes sector."),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		data_shift = -(int64_t)ARG_UINT64(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID);
+		break;
+	case OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID:
+		if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) < SECTOR_SIZE ||
+		    ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) > MAX_SECTOR_SIZE ||
+		    (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) & (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) - 1)))
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+			      _("Unsupported encryption sector size."),
+			      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		break;
+	case OPT_PRIORITY_ID:
+		if (strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID), "normal") &&
+		    strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID), "prefer") &&
+		    strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID), "ignore"))
+			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+			_("Option --priority can be only ignore/normal/prefer."),
+			poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void cryptsetup_init_arg_aliases(void)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tool_core_args); i++)
+		if (tool_core_args[i].type == CRYPT_ARG_ALIAS)
+			ARG_INIT_ALIAS(i);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	static struct poptOption popt_help_options[] = {
+		{ NULL,    '\0', POPT_ARG_CALLBACK, help, 0, NULL,                         NULL },
+		{ "help",  '?',  POPT_ARG_NONE,     NULL, 0, N_("Show this help message"), NULL },
+		{ "usage", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE,     NULL, 0, N_("Display brief usage"),    NULL },
+		{ "version",'V', POPT_ARG_NONE,     NULL, 0, N_("Print package version"),  NULL },
+		POPT_TABLEEND
+	};
+	static struct poptOption popt_basic_options[] = {
+		{ NULL,    '\0', POPT_ARG_CALLBACK, basic_options_cb, 0, NULL, NULL },
+#define ARG(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) { A, B, C, NULL, A ## _ID, D, E },
+#include "cryptsetup_arg_list.h"
+#undef ARG
+		POPT_TABLEEND
+	};
+	static struct poptOption popt_options[] = {
+		{ NULL, '\0', POPT_ARG_INCLUDE_TABLE, popt_help_options,  0, N_("Help options:"), NULL },
+		{ NULL, '\0', POPT_ARG_INCLUDE_TABLE, popt_basic_options, 0, NULL, NULL },
+		POPT_TABLEEND
+	};
+	poptContext popt_context;
+	struct action_type *action;
+	const char *aname, *error_message;
+	int r;
+
+	/* initialize aliases */
+	cryptsetup_init_arg_aliases();
+
+	crypt_set_log_callback(NULL, tool_log, &log_parms);
+
+	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+	bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
+	textdomain(PACKAGE);
+
+	popt_context = poptGetContext(PACKAGE, argc, argv, popt_options, 0);
+	poptSetOtherOptionHelp(popt_context,
+	                       _("[OPTION...] <action> <action-specific>"));
+
+	while ((r = poptGetNextOpt(popt_context)) > 0) {}
+
+	if (r < -1)
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(r),
+		      poptBadOption(popt_context, POPT_BADOPTION_NOALIAS));
+
+	if (!(aname = poptGetArg(popt_context)))
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Argument <action> missing."),
+		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+
+	action_argc = 0;
+	action_argv = poptGetArgs(popt_context);
+	/* Make return values of poptGetArgs more consistent in case of remaining argc = 0 */
+	if(!action_argv)
+		action_argv = null_action_argv;
+
+	/* Count args, somewhat unnice, change? */
+	while(action_argv[action_argc] != NULL)
+		action_argc++;
+
+	/* Handle aliases */
+	if (!strcmp(aname, "create")) {
+		/* create command had historically switched arguments */
+		if (action_argv[0] && action_argv[1]) {
+			const char *tmp = action_argv[0];
+			action_argv[0] = action_argv[1];
+			action_argv[1] = tmp;
+		}
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		device_type = "plain";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "plainOpen")) {
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		device_type = "plain";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksOpen")) {
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		device_type = "luks";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "loopaesOpen")) {
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		device_type = "loopaes";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "tcryptOpen")) {
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		device_type = "tcrypt";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "bitlkOpen")) {
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		device_type = "bitlk";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "fvault2Open")) {
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		device_type = "fvault2";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "tcryptDump")) {
+		device_type = "tcrypt";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "bitlkDump")) {
+		device_type = "bitlk";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "fvault2Dump")) {
+		device_type = "fvault2";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "remove") ||
+		   !strcmp(aname, "plainClose") ||
+		   !strcmp(aname, "luksClose") ||
+		   !strcmp(aname, "loopaesClose") ||
+		   !strcmp(aname, "tcryptClose") ||
+		   !strcmp(aname, "bitlkClose") ||
+		   !strcmp(aname, "fvault2Close")) {
+		aname = CLOSE_ACTION;
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksErase")) {
+		aname = ERASE_ACTION;
+		device_type = "luks";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksConfig")) {
+		aname = CONFIG_ACTION;
+		device_type = "luks2";
+	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "refresh")) {
+		aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+		ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_REFRESH_ID);
+	} else if (ARG_SET(OPT_TYPE_ID))
+		device_type = ARG_STR(OPT_TYPE_ID);
+
+	/* ignore user supplied type and query device type instead */
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID))
+		device_type = NULL;
+
+	for(action = action_types; action->type; action++)
+		if (strcmp(action->type, aname) == 0)
+			break;
+
+	if (!action->type)
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Unknown action."),
+		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+
+	if (action_argc < action->required_action_argc)
+		help_args(action, popt_context);
+
+	/* this routine short circuits to exit() on error */
+	tools_check_args(action->type, tool_core_args, ARRAY_SIZE(tool_core_args), popt_context);
+
+	if (!strcmp(aname, KILLKEY_ACTION) && action_argc > 1) {
+		ARG_SET_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID, atoi(action_argv[1]));
+		check_key_slot_value(popt_context);
+	}
+
+	if ((!strcmp(aname, REMOVEKEY_ACTION) ||
+	     !strcmp(aname, FORMAT_ACTION)) &&
+	     action_argc > 1) {
+		if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))
+			log_err(_("Option --key-file takes precedence over specified key file argument."));
+		else
+			ARG_SET_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID, strdup(action_argv[1]));
+	}
+
+	if (total_keyfiles > 1 && (strcmp_or_null(device_type, "tcrypt")))
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one --key-file argument is allowed."),
+		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_PBKDF_ID) && crypt_parse_pbkdf(ARG_STR(OPT_PBKDF_ID), &set_pbkdf))
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+		_("Password-based key derivation function (PBKDF) can be only pbkdf2 or argon2i/argon2id."),
+		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_PBKDF_FORCE_ITERATIONS_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_ITER_TIME_ID))
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+		_("PBKDF forced iterations cannot be combined with iteration time option."),
+		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEBUG_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_DEBUG_JSON_ID)) {
+		crypt_set_debug_level(ARG_SET(OPT_DEBUG_JSON_ID)? CRYPT_DEBUG_JSON : CRYPT_DEBUG_ALL);
+		dbg_version_and_cmd(argc, argv);
+	}
+
+	/* reencrypt action specific check */
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_CIPHER_ID) != ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID))
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --keyslot-cipher and --keyslot-key-size must be used together."),
+		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+
+	error_message = verify_action(action);
+	if (error_message)
+		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, error_message, poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_ARGS_ID)) {
+		log_std(_("No action taken. Invoked with --test-args option.\n"));
+		tools_cleanup();
+		poptFreeContext(popt_context);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_KEYRING_ID))
+		(void) crypt_volume_key_keyring(NULL, 0);
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_EXTERNAL_TOKENS_ID))
+		(void) crypt_token_external_disable();
+
+	if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_LOCKS_ID) && crypt_metadata_locking(NULL, 0)) {
+		log_std(_("Cannot disable metadata locking."));
+		r = EXIT_FAILURE;
+	} else {
+		r = run_action(action);
+	}
+
+	tools_cleanup();
+	poptFreeContext(popt_context);
+	return r;
+}