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+//! An interface for controlling asynchronous communication ports
+//!
+//! This interface provides a safe wrapper around the termios subsystem defined by POSIX. The
+//! underlying types are all implemented in libc for most platforms and either wrapped in safer
+//! types here or exported directly.
+//!
+//! If you are unfamiliar with the `termios` API, you should first read the
+//! [API documentation](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/termios.h.html) and
+//! then come back to understand how `nix` safely wraps it.
+//!
+//! It should be noted that this API incurs some runtime overhead above the base `libc` definitions.
+//! As this interface is not used with high-bandwidth information, this should be fine in most
+//! cases. The primary cost when using this API is that the `Termios` datatype here duplicates the
+//! standard fields of the underlying `termios` struct and uses safe type wrappers for those fields.
+//! This means that when crossing the FFI interface to the underlying C library, data is first
+//! copied into the underlying `termios` struct, then the operation is done, and the data is copied
+//! back (with additional sanity checking) into the safe wrapper types. The `termios` struct is
+//! relatively small across all platforms (on the order of 32-64 bytes).
+//!
+//! The following examples highlight some of the API use cases such that users coming from using C
+//! or reading the standard documentation will understand how to use the safe API exposed here.
+//!
+//! Example disabling processing of the end-of-file control character:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # use self::nix::sys::termios::SpecialCharacterIndices::VEOF;
+//! # use self::nix::sys::termios::{_POSIX_VDISABLE, Termios};
+//! # let mut termios: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! termios.control_chars[VEOF as usize] = _POSIX_VDISABLE;
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The flags within `Termios` are defined as bitfields using the `bitflags` crate. This provides
+//! an interface for working with bitfields that is similar to working with the raw unsigned
+//! integer types but offers type safety because of the internal checking that values will always
+//! be a valid combination of the defined flags.
+//!
+//! An example showing some of the basic operations for interacting with the control flags:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # use self::nix::sys::termios::{ControlFlags, Termios};
+//! # let mut termios: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! termios.control_flags & ControlFlags::CSIZE == ControlFlags::CS5;
+//! termios.control_flags |= ControlFlags::CS5;
+//! ```
+//!
+//! # Baud rates
+//!
+//! This API is not consistent across platforms when it comes to `BaudRate`: Android and Linux both
+//! only support the rates specified by the `BaudRate` enum through their termios API while the BSDs
+//! support arbitrary baud rates as the values of the `BaudRate` enum constants are the same integer
+//! value of the constant (`B9600` == `9600`). Therefore the `nix::termios` API uses the following
+//! conventions:
+//!
+//! * `cfgetispeed()` - Returns `u32` on BSDs, `BaudRate` on Android/Linux
+//! * `cfgetospeed()` - Returns `u32` on BSDs, `BaudRate` on Android/Linux
+//! * `cfsetispeed()` - Takes `u32` or `BaudRate` on BSDs, `BaudRate` on Android/Linux
+//! * `cfsetospeed()` - Takes `u32` or `BaudRate` on BSDs, `BaudRate` on Android/Linux
+//! * `cfsetspeed()` - Takes `u32` or `BaudRate` on BSDs, `BaudRate` on Android/Linux
+//!
+//! The most common use case of specifying a baud rate using the enum will work the same across
+//! platforms:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! # use nix::sys::termios::{BaudRate, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed, cfsetspeed, Termios};
+//! # fn main() {
+//! # let mut t: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! cfsetispeed(&mut t, BaudRate::B9600).unwrap();
+//! cfsetospeed(&mut t, BaudRate::B9600).unwrap();
+//! cfsetspeed(&mut t, BaudRate::B9600).unwrap();
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Additionally round-tripping baud rates is consistent across platforms:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! # use nix::sys::termios::{BaudRate, cfgetispeed, cfgetospeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetspeed, Termios};
+//! # fn main() {
+//! # let mut t: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! # cfsetspeed(&mut t, BaudRate::B9600).unwrap();
+//! let speed = cfgetispeed(&t);
+//! assert_eq!(speed, cfgetospeed(&t));
+//! cfsetispeed(&mut t, speed).unwrap();
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! On non-BSDs, `cfgetispeed()` and `cfgetospeed()` both return a `BaudRate`:
+//!
+#![cfg_attr(
+ any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ ),
+ doc = " ```rust,ignore"
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(
+ not(any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ )),
+ doc = " ```rust"
+)]
+//! # use nix::sys::termios::{BaudRate, cfgetispeed, cfgetospeed, cfsetspeed, Termios};
+//! # fn main() {
+//! # let mut t: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! # cfsetspeed(&mut t, BaudRate::B9600);
+//! assert_eq!(cfgetispeed(&t), BaudRate::B9600);
+//! assert_eq!(cfgetospeed(&t), BaudRate::B9600);
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! But on the BSDs, `cfgetispeed()` and `cfgetospeed()` both return `u32`s:
+//!
+#![cfg_attr(
+ any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ ),
+ doc = " ```rust"
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(
+ not(any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ )),
+ doc = " ```rust,ignore"
+)]
+//! # use nix::sys::termios::{BaudRate, cfgetispeed, cfgetospeed, cfsetspeed, Termios};
+//! # fn main() {
+//! # let mut t: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! # cfsetspeed(&mut t, 9600u32);
+//! assert_eq!(cfgetispeed(&t), 9600u32);
+//! assert_eq!(cfgetospeed(&t), 9600u32);
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! It's trivial to convert from a `BaudRate` to a `u32` on BSDs:
+//!
+#![cfg_attr(
+ any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ ),
+ doc = " ```rust"
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(
+ not(any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ )),
+ doc = " ```rust,ignore"
+)]
+//! # use nix::sys::termios::{BaudRate, cfgetispeed, cfsetspeed, Termios};
+//! # fn main() {
+//! # let mut t: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! # cfsetspeed(&mut t, 9600u32);
+//! assert_eq!(cfgetispeed(&t), BaudRate::B9600.into());
+//! assert_eq!(u32::from(BaudRate::B9600), 9600u32);
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! And on BSDs you can specify arbitrary baud rates (**note** this depends on hardware support)
+//! by specifying baud rates directly using `u32`s:
+//!
+#![cfg_attr(
+ any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ ),
+ doc = " ```rust"
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(
+ not(any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+ )),
+ doc = " ```rust,ignore"
+)]
+//! # use nix::sys::termios::{cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed, cfsetspeed, Termios};
+//! # fn main() {
+//! # let mut t: Termios = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+//! cfsetispeed(&mut t, 9600u32);
+//! cfsetospeed(&mut t, 9600u32);
+//! cfsetspeed(&mut t, 9600u32);
+//! # }
+//! ```
+use crate::errno::Errno;
+use crate::Result;
+use cfg_if::cfg_if;
+use libc::{self, c_int, tcflag_t};
+use std::cell::{Ref, RefCell};
+use std::convert::From;
+use std::mem;
+use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "process")]
+use crate::unistd::Pid;
+
+/// Stores settings for the termios API
+///
+/// This is a wrapper around the `libc::termios` struct that provides a safe interface for the
+/// standard fields. The only safe way to obtain an instance of this struct is to extract it from
+/// an open port using `tcgetattr()`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Termios {
+ inner: RefCell<libc::termios>,
+ /// Input mode flags (see `termios.c_iflag` documentation)
+ pub input_flags: InputFlags,
+ /// Output mode flags (see `termios.c_oflag` documentation)
+ pub output_flags: OutputFlags,
+ /// Control mode flags (see `termios.c_cflag` documentation)
+ pub control_flags: ControlFlags,
+ /// Local mode flags (see `termios.c_lflag` documentation)
+ pub local_flags: LocalFlags,
+ /// Control characters (see `termios.c_cc` documentation)
+ pub control_chars: [libc::cc_t; NCCS],
+ /// Line discipline (see `termios.c_line` documentation)
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android",))]
+ pub line_discipline: libc::cc_t,
+ /// Line discipline (see `termios.c_line` documentation)
+ #[cfg(target_os = "haiku")]
+ pub line_discipline: libc::c_char,
+}
+
+impl Termios {
+ /// Exposes an immutable reference to the underlying `libc::termios` data structure.
+ ///
+ /// This is not part of `nix`'s public API because it requires additional work to maintain type
+ /// safety.
+ pub(crate) fn get_libc_termios(&self) -> Ref<libc::termios> {
+ {
+ let mut termios = self.inner.borrow_mut();
+ termios.c_iflag = self.input_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_oflag = self.output_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_cflag = self.control_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_lflag = self.local_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_cc = self.control_chars;
+ #[cfg(any(
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ ))]
+ {
+ termios.c_line = self.line_discipline;
+ }
+ }
+ self.inner.borrow()
+ }
+
+ /// Exposes the inner `libc::termios` datastore within `Termios`.
+ ///
+ /// This is unsafe because if this is used to modify the inner `libc::termios` struct, it will
+ /// not automatically update the safe wrapper type around it. In this case it should also be
+ /// paired with a call to `update_wrapper()` so that the wrapper-type and internal
+ /// representation stay consistent.
+ pub(crate) unsafe fn get_libc_termios_mut(&mut self) -> *mut libc::termios {
+ {
+ let mut termios = self.inner.borrow_mut();
+ termios.c_iflag = self.input_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_oflag = self.output_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_cflag = self.control_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_lflag = self.local_flags.bits();
+ termios.c_cc = self.control_chars;
+ #[cfg(any(
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ ))]
+ {
+ termios.c_line = self.line_discipline;
+ }
+ }
+ self.inner.as_ptr()
+ }
+
+ /// Updates the wrapper values from the internal `libc::termios` data structure.
+ pub(crate) fn update_wrapper(&mut self) {
+ let termios = *self.inner.borrow_mut();
+ self.input_flags = InputFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_iflag);
+ self.output_flags = OutputFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_oflag);
+ self.control_flags = ControlFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_cflag);
+ self.local_flags = LocalFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_lflag);
+ self.control_chars = termios.c_cc;
+ #[cfg(any(
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ ))]
+ {
+ self.line_discipline = termios.c_line;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl From<libc::termios> for Termios {
+ fn from(termios: libc::termios) -> Self {
+ Termios {
+ inner: RefCell::new(termios),
+ input_flags: InputFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_iflag),
+ output_flags: OutputFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_oflag),
+ control_flags: ControlFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_cflag),
+ local_flags: LocalFlags::from_bits_truncate(termios.c_lflag),
+ control_chars: termios.c_cc,
+ #[cfg(any(
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ ))]
+ line_discipline: termios.c_line,
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl From<Termios> for libc::termios {
+ fn from(termios: Termios) -> Self {
+ termios.inner.into_inner()
+ }
+}
+
+libc_enum! {
+ /// Baud rates supported by the system.
+ ///
+ /// For the BSDs, arbitrary baud rates can be specified by using `u32`s directly instead of this
+ /// enum.
+ ///
+ /// B0 is special and will disable the port.
+ #[cfg_attr(all(any(target_os = "haiku"), target_pointer_width = "64"), repr(u8))]
+ #[cfg_attr(all(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos"), target_pointer_width = "64"), repr(u64))]
+ #[cfg_attr(not(all(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos", target_os = "haiku"), target_pointer_width = "64")), repr(u32))]
+ #[non_exhaustive]
+ pub enum BaudRate {
+ B0,
+ B50,
+ B75,
+ B110,
+ B134,
+ B150,
+ B200,
+ B300,
+ B600,
+ B1200,
+ B1800,
+ B2400,
+ B4800,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B7200,
+ B9600,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B14400,
+ B19200,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B28800,
+ B38400,
+ B57600,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B76800,
+ B115200,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "illumos", target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B153600,
+ B230400,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "illumos", target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B307200,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "illumos",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B460800,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B500000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B576000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "illumos",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B921600,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B1000000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B1152000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B1500000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B2000000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", all(target_os = "linux", not(target_arch = "sparc64"))))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B2500000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", all(target_os = "linux", not(target_arch = "sparc64"))))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B3000000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", all(target_os = "linux", not(target_arch = "sparc64"))))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B3500000,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", all(target_os = "linux", not(target_arch = "sparc64"))))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ B4000000,
+ }
+ impl TryFrom<libc::speed_t>
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
+impl From<BaudRate> for u32 {
+ fn from(b: BaudRate) -> u32 {
+ b as u32
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "haiku")]
+impl From<BaudRate> for u8 {
+ fn from(b: BaudRate) -> u8 {
+ b as u8
+ }
+}
+
+// TODO: Add TCSASOFT, which will require treating this as a bitfield.
+libc_enum! {
+ /// Specify when a port configuration change should occur.
+ ///
+ /// Used as an argument to `tcsetattr()`
+ #[repr(i32)]
+ #[non_exhaustive]
+ pub enum SetArg {
+ /// The change will occur immediately
+ TCSANOW,
+ /// The change occurs after all output has been written
+ TCSADRAIN,
+ /// Same as `TCSADRAIN`, but will also flush the input buffer
+ TCSAFLUSH,
+ }
+}
+
+libc_enum! {
+ /// Specify a combination of the input and output buffers to flush
+ ///
+ /// Used as an argument to `tcflush()`.
+ #[repr(i32)]
+ #[non_exhaustive]
+ pub enum FlushArg {
+ /// Flush data that was received but not read
+ TCIFLUSH,
+ /// Flush data written but not transmitted
+ TCOFLUSH,
+ /// Flush both received data not read and written data not transmitted
+ TCIOFLUSH,
+ }
+}
+
+libc_enum! {
+ /// Specify how transmission flow should be altered
+ ///
+ /// Used as an argument to `tcflow()`.
+ #[repr(i32)]
+ #[non_exhaustive]
+ pub enum FlowArg {
+ /// Suspend transmission
+ TCOOFF,
+ /// Resume transmission
+ TCOON,
+ /// Transmit a STOP character, which should disable a connected terminal device
+ TCIOFF,
+ /// Transmit a START character, which should re-enable a connected terminal device
+ TCION,
+ }
+}
+
+// TODO: Make this usable directly as a slice index.
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "haiku"))]
+libc_enum! {
+ /// Indices into the `termios.c_cc` array for special characters.
+ #[repr(usize)]
+ #[non_exhaustive]
+ pub enum SpecialCharacterIndices {
+ VDISCARD,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "illumos",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd",
+ target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VDSUSP,
+ VEOF,
+ VEOL,
+ VEOL2,
+ VERASE,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "illumos",
+ target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VERASE2,
+ VINTR,
+ VKILL,
+ VLNEXT,
+ #[cfg(not(any(all(target_os = "linux", target_arch = "sparc64"),
+ target_os = "illumos", target_os = "solaris")))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VMIN,
+ VQUIT,
+ VREPRINT,
+ VSTART,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "illumos",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd",
+ target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VSTATUS,
+ VSTOP,
+ VSUSP,
+ #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VSWTC,
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "haiku", target_os = "illumos", target_os = "solaris"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VSWTCH,
+ #[cfg(not(any(all(target_os = "linux", target_arch = "sparc64"),
+ target_os = "illumos", target_os = "solaris")))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VTIME,
+ VWERASE,
+ #[cfg(target_os = "dragonfly")]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VCHECKPT,
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(
+ all(target_os = "linux", target_arch = "sparc64"),
+ target_os = "illumos",
+ target_os = "solaris"
+))]
+impl SpecialCharacterIndices {
+ pub const VMIN: SpecialCharacterIndices = SpecialCharacterIndices::VEOF;
+ pub const VTIME: SpecialCharacterIndices = SpecialCharacterIndices::VEOL;
+}
+
+pub use libc::NCCS;
+#[cfg(any(
+ target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"
+))]
+#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+pub use libc::_POSIX_VDISABLE;
+
+libc_bitflags! {
+ /// Flags for configuring the input mode of a terminal
+ pub struct InputFlags: tcflag_t {
+ IGNBRK;
+ BRKINT;
+ IGNPAR;
+ PARMRK;
+ INPCK;
+ ISTRIP;
+ INLCR;
+ IGNCR;
+ ICRNL;
+ IXON;
+ IXOFF;
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ IXANY;
+ #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "redox", target_os = "haiku")))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ IMAXBEL;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux", target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ IUTF8;
+ }
+}
+
+libc_bitflags! {
+ /// Flags for configuring the output mode of a terminal
+ pub struct OutputFlags: tcflag_t {
+ OPOST;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ OLCUC;
+ ONLCR;
+ OCRNL as tcflag_t;
+ ONOCR as tcflag_t;
+ ONLRET as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ OFILL as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ OFDEL as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ NL0 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ NL1 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CR0 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CR1 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CR2 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CR3 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ TAB0 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ TAB1 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ TAB2 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ TAB3 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ XTABS;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ BS0 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ BS1 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VT0 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VT1 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ FF0 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ FF1 as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ OXTABS;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ ONOEOT as tcflag_t;
+
+ // Bitmasks for use with OutputFlags to select specific settings
+ // These should be moved to be a mask once https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/bitflags/issues/110
+ // is resolved.
+
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ NLDLY as tcflag_t; // FIXME: Datatype needs to be corrected in libc for mac
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CRDLY as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ TABDLY as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ BSDLY as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ VTDLY as tcflag_t;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "haiku",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "linux",
+ target_os = "macos"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ FFDLY as tcflag_t;
+ }
+}
+
+libc_bitflags! {
+ /// Flags for setting the control mode of a terminal
+ pub struct ControlFlags: tcflag_t {
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CIGNORE;
+ CS5;
+ CS6;
+ CS7;
+ CS8;
+ CSTOPB;
+ CREAD;
+ PARENB;
+ PARODD;
+ HUPCL;
+ CLOCAL;
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CRTSCTS;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CBAUD;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", all(target_os = "linux", not(target_arch = "mips"))))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CMSPAR;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android",
+ all(target_os = "linux",
+ not(any(target_arch = "powerpc", target_arch = "powerpc64")))))]
+ CIBAUD;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CBAUDEX;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ MDMBUF;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CHWFLOW;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CCTS_OFLOW;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CRTS_IFLOW;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CDTR_IFLOW;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CDSR_OFLOW;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "freebsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ CCAR_OFLOW;
+
+ // Bitmasks for use with ControlFlags to select specific settings
+ // These should be moved to be a mask once https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/bitflags/issues/110
+ // is resolved.
+
+ CSIZE;
+ }
+}
+
+libc_bitflags! {
+ /// Flags for setting any local modes
+ pub struct LocalFlags: tcflag_t {
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ ECHOKE;
+ ECHOE;
+ ECHOK;
+ ECHO;
+ ECHONL;
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ ECHOPRT;
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ ECHOCTL;
+ ISIG;
+ ICANON;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ ALTWERASE;
+ IEXTEN;
+ #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "redox", target_os = "haiku")))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ EXTPROC;
+ TOSTOP;
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ FLUSHO;
+ #[cfg(any(target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ NOKERNINFO;
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+ #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+ PENDIN;
+ NOFLSH;
+ }
+}
+
+cfg_if! {
+ if #[cfg(any(target_os = "freebsd",
+ target_os = "dragonfly",
+ target_os = "ios",
+ target_os = "macos",
+ target_os = "netbsd",
+ target_os = "openbsd"))] {
+ /// Get input baud rate (see
+ /// [cfgetispeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfgetispeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfgetispeed()` extracts the input baud rate from the given `Termios` structure.
+ // The cast is not unnecessary on all platforms.
+ #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+ pub fn cfgetispeed(termios: &Termios) -> u32 {
+ let inner_termios = termios.get_libc_termios();
+ unsafe { libc::cfgetispeed(&*inner_termios) as u32 }
+ }
+
+ /// Get output baud rate (see
+ /// [cfgetospeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfgetospeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfgetospeed()` extracts the output baud rate from the given `Termios` structure.
+ // The cast is not unnecessary on all platforms.
+ #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+ pub fn cfgetospeed(termios: &Termios) -> u32 {
+ let inner_termios = termios.get_libc_termios();
+ unsafe { libc::cfgetospeed(&*inner_termios) as u32 }
+ }
+
+ /// Set input baud rate (see
+ /// [cfsetispeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfsetispeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfsetispeed()` sets the intput baud rate in the given `Termios` structure.
+ pub fn cfsetispeed<T: Into<u32>>(termios: &mut Termios, baud: T) -> Result<()> {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ let res = unsafe { libc::cfsetispeed(inner_termios, baud.into() as libc::speed_t) };
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+ Errno::result(res).map(drop)
+ }
+
+ /// Set output baud rate (see
+ /// [cfsetospeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfsetospeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfsetospeed()` sets the output baud rate in the given termios structure.
+ pub fn cfsetospeed<T: Into<u32>>(termios: &mut Termios, baud: T) -> Result<()> {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ let res = unsafe { libc::cfsetospeed(inner_termios, baud.into() as libc::speed_t) };
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+ Errno::result(res).map(drop)
+ }
+
+ /// Set both the input and output baud rates (see
+ /// [termios(3)](https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cfsetspeed)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfsetspeed()` sets the input and output baud rate in the given termios structure. Note that
+ /// this is part of the 4.4BSD standard and not part of POSIX.
+ pub fn cfsetspeed<T: Into<u32>>(termios: &mut Termios, baud: T) -> Result<()> {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ let res = unsafe { libc::cfsetspeed(inner_termios, baud.into() as libc::speed_t) };
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+ Errno::result(res).map(drop)
+ }
+ } else {
+ use std::convert::TryInto;
+
+ /// Get input baud rate (see
+ /// [cfgetispeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfgetispeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfgetispeed()` extracts the input baud rate from the given `Termios` structure.
+ pub fn cfgetispeed(termios: &Termios) -> BaudRate {
+ let inner_termios = termios.get_libc_termios();
+ unsafe { libc::cfgetispeed(&*inner_termios) }.try_into().unwrap()
+ }
+
+ /// Get output baud rate (see
+ /// [cfgetospeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfgetospeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfgetospeed()` extracts the output baud rate from the given `Termios` structure.
+ pub fn cfgetospeed(termios: &Termios) -> BaudRate {
+ let inner_termios = termios.get_libc_termios();
+ unsafe { libc::cfgetospeed(&*inner_termios) }.try_into().unwrap()
+ }
+
+ /// Set input baud rate (see
+ /// [cfsetispeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfsetispeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfsetispeed()` sets the intput baud rate in the given `Termios` structure.
+ pub fn cfsetispeed(termios: &mut Termios, baud: BaudRate) -> Result<()> {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ let res = unsafe { libc::cfsetispeed(inner_termios, baud as libc::speed_t) };
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+ Errno::result(res).map(drop)
+ }
+
+ /// Set output baud rate (see
+ /// [cfsetospeed(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/cfsetospeed.html)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfsetospeed()` sets the output baud rate in the given `Termios` structure.
+ pub fn cfsetospeed(termios: &mut Termios, baud: BaudRate) -> Result<()> {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ let res = unsafe { libc::cfsetospeed(inner_termios, baud as libc::speed_t) };
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+ Errno::result(res).map(drop)
+ }
+
+ /// Set both the input and output baud rates (see
+ /// [termios(3)](https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cfsetspeed)).
+ ///
+ /// `cfsetspeed()` sets the input and output baud rate in the given `Termios` structure. Note that
+ /// this is part of the 4.4BSD standard and not part of POSIX.
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "haiku"))]
+ pub fn cfsetspeed(termios: &mut Termios, baud: BaudRate) -> Result<()> {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ let res = unsafe { libc::cfsetspeed(inner_termios, baud as libc::speed_t) };
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+ Errno::result(res).map(drop)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Configures the port to something like the "raw" mode of the old Version 7 terminal driver (see
+/// [termios(3)](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/termios.3.html)).
+///
+/// `cfmakeraw()` configures the termios structure such that input is available character-by-
+/// character, echoing is disabled, and all special input and output processing is disabled. Note
+/// that this is a non-standard function, but is available on Linux and BSDs.
+pub fn cfmakeraw(termios: &mut Termios) {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ unsafe {
+ libc::cfmakeraw(inner_termios);
+ }
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+}
+
+/// Configures the port to "sane" mode (like the configuration of a newly created terminal) (see
+/// [tcsetattr(3)](https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsetattr)).
+///
+/// Note that this is a non-standard function, available on FreeBSD.
+#[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all())))]
+pub fn cfmakesane(termios: &mut Termios) {
+ let inner_termios = unsafe { termios.get_libc_termios_mut() };
+ unsafe {
+ libc::cfmakesane(inner_termios);
+ }
+ termios.update_wrapper();
+}
+
+/// Return the configuration of a port
+/// [tcgetattr(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcgetattr.html)).
+///
+/// `tcgetattr()` returns a `Termios` structure with the current configuration for a port. Modifying
+/// this structure *will not* reconfigure the port, instead the modifications should be done to
+/// the `Termios` structure and then the port should be reconfigured using `tcsetattr()`.
+pub fn tcgetattr(fd: RawFd) -> Result<Termios> {
+ let mut termios = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit();
+
+ let res = unsafe { libc::tcgetattr(fd, termios.as_mut_ptr()) };
+
+ Errno::result(res)?;
+
+ unsafe { Ok(termios.assume_init().into()) }
+}
+
+/// Set the configuration for a terminal (see
+/// [tcsetattr(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcsetattr.html)).
+///
+/// `tcsetattr()` reconfigures the given port based on a given `Termios` structure. This change
+/// takes affect at a time specified by `actions`. Note that this function may return success if
+/// *any* of the parameters were successfully set, not only if all were set successfully.
+pub fn tcsetattr(fd: RawFd, actions: SetArg, termios: &Termios) -> Result<()> {
+ let inner_termios = termios.get_libc_termios();
+ Errno::result(unsafe {
+ libc::tcsetattr(fd, actions as c_int, &*inner_termios)
+ })
+ .map(drop)
+}
+
+/// Block until all output data is written (see
+/// [tcdrain(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcdrain.html)).
+pub fn tcdrain(fd: RawFd) -> Result<()> {
+ Errno::result(unsafe { libc::tcdrain(fd) }).map(drop)
+}
+
+/// Suspend or resume the transmission or reception of data (see
+/// [tcflow(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcflow.html)).
+///
+/// `tcflow()` suspends of resumes the transmission or reception of data for the given port
+/// depending on the value of `action`.
+pub fn tcflow(fd: RawFd, action: FlowArg) -> Result<()> {
+ Errno::result(unsafe { libc::tcflow(fd, action as c_int) }).map(drop)
+}
+
+/// Discard data in the output or input queue (see
+/// [tcflush(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcflush.html)).
+///
+/// `tcflush()` will discard data for a terminal port in the input queue, output queue, or both
+/// depending on the value of `action`.
+pub fn tcflush(fd: RawFd, action: FlushArg) -> Result<()> {
+ Errno::result(unsafe { libc::tcflush(fd, action as c_int) }).map(drop)
+}
+
+/// Send a break for a specific duration (see
+/// [tcsendbreak(3p)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcsendbreak.html)).
+///
+/// When using asynchronous data transmission `tcsendbreak()` will transmit a continuous stream
+/// of zero-valued bits for an implementation-defined duration.
+pub fn tcsendbreak(fd: RawFd, duration: c_int) -> Result<()> {
+ Errno::result(unsafe { libc::tcsendbreak(fd, duration) }).map(drop)
+}
+
+feature! {
+#![feature = "process"]
+/// Get the session controlled by the given terminal (see
+/// [tcgetsid(3)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tcgetsid.html)).
+pub fn tcgetsid(fd: RawFd) -> Result<Pid> {
+ let res = unsafe { libc::tcgetsid(fd) };
+
+ Errno::result(res).map(Pid::from_raw)
+}
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::*;
+ use std::convert::TryFrom;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn try_from() {
+ assert_eq!(Ok(BaudRate::B0), BaudRate::try_from(libc::B0));
+ #[cfg(not(target_os = "haiku"))]
+ BaudRate::try_from(999999999).expect_err("assertion failed");
+ #[cfg(target_os = "haiku")]
+ BaudRate::try_from(99).expect_err("assertion failed");
+ }
+}