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+// Copyright 2021 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
+
+/// A distribution to sample items uniformly from a slice.
+///
+/// [`Slice::new`] constructs a distribution referencing a slice and uniformly
+/// samples references from the items in the slice. It may do extra work up
+/// front to make sampling of multiple values faster; if only one sample from
+/// the slice is required, [`SliceRandom::choose`] can be more efficient.
+///
+/// Steps are taken to avoid bias which might be present in naive
+/// implementations; for example `slice[rng.gen() % slice.len()]` samples from
+/// the slice, but may be more likely to select numbers in the low range than
+/// other values.
+///
+/// This distribution samples with replacement; each sample is independent.
+/// Sampling without replacement requires state to be retained, and therefore
+/// cannot be handled by a distribution; you should instead consider methods
+/// on [`SliceRandom`], such as [`SliceRandom::choose_multiple`].
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::Rng;
+/// use rand::distributions::Slice;
+///
+/// let vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'];
+/// let vowels_dist = Slice::new(&vowels).unwrap();
+/// let rng = rand::thread_rng();
+///
+/// // build a string of 10 vowels
+/// let vowel_string: String = rng
+/// .sample_iter(&vowels_dist)
+/// .take(10)
+/// .collect();
+///
+/// println!("{}", vowel_string);
+/// assert_eq!(vowel_string.len(), 10);
+/// assert!(vowel_string.chars().all(|c| vowels.contains(&c)));
+/// ```
+///
+/// For a single sample, [`SliceRandom::choose`][crate::seq::SliceRandom::choose]
+/// may be preferred:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+///
+/// let vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'];
+/// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+///
+/// println!("{}", vowels.choose(&mut rng).unwrap())
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`SliceRandom`]: crate::seq::SliceRandom
+/// [`SliceRandom::choose`]: crate::seq::SliceRandom::choose
+/// [`SliceRandom::choose_multiple`]: crate::seq::SliceRandom::choose_multiple
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Slice<'a, T> {
+ slice: &'a [T],
+ range: Uniform<usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Slice<'a, T> {
+ /// Create a new `Slice` instance which samples uniformly from the slice.
+ /// Returns `Err` if the slice is empty.
+ pub fn new(slice: &'a [T]) -> Result<Self, EmptySlice> {
+ match slice.len() {
+ 0 => Err(EmptySlice),
+ len => Ok(Self {
+ slice,
+ range: Uniform::new(0, len),
+ }),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Distribution<&'a T> for Slice<'a, T> {
+ fn sample<R: crate::Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> &'a T {
+ let idx = self.range.sample(rng);
+
+ debug_assert!(
+ idx < self.slice.len(),
+ "Uniform::new(0, {}) somehow returned {}",
+ self.slice.len(),
+ idx
+ );
+
+ // Safety: at construction time, it was ensured that the slice was
+ // non-empty, and that the `Uniform` range produces values in range
+ // for the slice
+ unsafe { self.slice.get_unchecked(idx) }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Error type indicating that a [`Slice`] distribution was improperly
+/// constructed with an empty slice.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct EmptySlice;
+
+impl core::fmt::Display for EmptySlice {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+ write!(
+ f,
+ "Tried to create a `distributions::Slice` with an empty slice"
+ )
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl std::error::Error for EmptySlice {}