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+#![cfg_attr(not(any(test, feature = "use_std")), no_std)]
+#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/scopeguard/1/")]
+
+//! A scope guard will run a given closure when it goes out of scope,
+//! even if the code between panics.
+//! (as long as panic doesn't abort)
+//!
+//! # Examples
+//!
+//! ## Hello World
+//!
+//! This example creates a scope guard with an example function:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! extern crate scopeguard;
+//!
+//! fn f() {
+//! let _guard = scopeguard::guard((), |_| {
+//! println!("Hello Scope Exit!");
+//! });
+//!
+//! // rest of the code here.
+//!
+//! // Here, at the end of `_guard`'s scope, the guard's closure is called.
+//! // It is also called if we exit this scope through unwinding instead.
+//! }
+//! # fn main() {
+//! # f();
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## `defer!`
+//!
+//! Use the `defer` macro to run an operation at scope exit,
+//! either regular scope exit or during unwinding from a panic.
+//!
+//! ```
+//! #[macro_use(defer)] extern crate scopeguard;
+//!
+//! use std::cell::Cell;
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//! // use a cell to observe drops during and after the scope guard is active
+//! let drop_counter = Cell::new(0);
+//! {
+//! // Create a scope guard using `defer!` for the current scope
+//! defer! {
+//! drop_counter.set(1 + drop_counter.get());
+//! }
+//!
+//! // Do regular operations here in the meantime.
+//!
+//! // Just before scope exit: it hasn't run yet.
+//! assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 0);
+//!
+//! // The following scope end is where the defer closure is called
+//! }
+//! assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 1);
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Scope Guard with Value
+//!
+//! If the scope guard closure needs to access an outer value that is also
+//! mutated outside of the scope guard, then you may want to use the scope guard
+//! with a value. The guard works like a smart pointer, so the inner value can
+//! be accessed by reference or by mutable reference.
+//!
+//! ### 1. The guard owns a file
+//!
+//! In this example, the scope guard owns a file and ensures pending writes are
+//! synced at scope exit.
+//!
+//! ```
+//! extern crate scopeguard;
+//!
+//! use std::fs::*;
+//! use std::io::{self, Write};
+//! # // Mock file so that we don't actually write a file
+//! # struct MockFile;
+//! # impl MockFile {
+//! # fn create(_s: &str) -> io::Result<Self> { Ok(MockFile) }
+//! # fn write_all(&self, _b: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+//! # fn sync_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
+//! # }
+//! # use self::MockFile as File;
+//!
+//! fn try_main() -> io::Result<()> {
+//! let f = File::create("newfile.txt")?;
+//! let mut file = scopeguard::guard(f, |f| {
+//! // ensure we flush file at return or panic
+//! let _ = f.sync_all();
+//! });
+//! // Access the file through the scope guard itself
+//! file.write_all(b"test me\n").map(|_| ())
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//! try_main().unwrap();
+//! }
+//!
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ### 2. The guard restores an invariant on scope exit
+//!
+//! ```
+//! extern crate scopeguard;
+//!
+//! use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
+//! use std::ptr;
+//!
+//! // This function, just for this example, takes the first element
+//! // and inserts it into the assumed sorted tail of the vector.
+//! //
+//! // For optimization purposes we temporarily violate an invariant of the
+//! // Vec, that it owns all of its elements.
+//! //
+//! // The safe approach is to use swap, which means two writes to memory,
+//! // the optimization is to use a “hole” which uses only one write of memory
+//! // for each position it moves.
+//! //
+//! // We *must* use a scope guard to run this code safely. We
+//! // are running arbitrary user code (comparison operators) that may panic.
+//! // The scope guard ensures we restore the invariant after successful
+//! // exit or during unwinding from panic.
+//! fn insertion_sort_first<T>(v: &mut Vec<T>)
+//! where T: PartialOrd
+//! {
+//! struct Hole<'a, T: 'a> {
+//! v: &'a mut Vec<T>,
+//! index: usize,
+//! value: ManuallyDrop<T>,
+//! }
+//!
+//! unsafe {
+//! // Create a moved-from location in the vector, a “hole”.
+//! let value = ptr::read(&v[0]);
+//! let mut hole = Hole { v: v, index: 0, value: ManuallyDrop::new(value) };
+//!
+//! // Use a scope guard with a value.
+//! // At scope exit, plug the hole so that the vector is fully
+//! // initialized again.
+//! // The scope guard owns the hole, but we can access it through the guard.
+//! let mut hole_guard = scopeguard::guard(hole, |hole| {
+//! // plug the hole in the vector with the value that was // taken out
+//! let index = hole.index;
+//! ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(&*hole.value, &mut hole.v[index], 1);
+//! });
+//!
+//! // run algorithm that moves the hole in the vector here
+//! // move the hole until it's in a sorted position
+//! for i in 1..hole_guard.v.len() {
+//! if *hole_guard.value >= hole_guard.v[i] {
+//! // move the element back and the hole forward
+//! let index = hole_guard.index;
+//! ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(&hole_guard.v[index + 1], &mut hole_guard.v[index], 1);
+//! hole_guard.index += 1;
+//! } else {
+//! break;
+//! }
+//! }
+//!
+//! // When the scope exits here, the Vec becomes whole again!
+//! }
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//! let string = String::from;
+//! let mut data = vec![string("c"), string("a"), string("b"), string("d")];
+//! insertion_sort_first(&mut data);
+//! assert_eq!(data, vec!["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+//! }
+//!
+//! ```
+//!
+//!
+//! # Crate Features
+//!
+//! - `use_std`
+//! + Enabled by default. Enables the `OnUnwind` and `OnSuccess` strategies.
+//! + Disable to use `no_std`.
+//!
+//! # Rust Version
+//!
+//! This version of the crate requires Rust 1.20 or later.
+//!
+//! The scopeguard 1.x release series will use a carefully considered version
+//! upgrade policy, where in a later 1.x version, we will raise the minimum
+//! required Rust version.
+
+#[cfg(not(any(test, feature = "use_std")))]
+extern crate core as std;
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::mem::{self, ManuallyDrop};
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::ptr;
+
+/// Controls in which cases the associated code should be run
+pub trait Strategy {
+ /// Return `true` if the guard’s associated code should run
+ /// (in the context where this method is called).
+ fn should_run() -> bool;
+}
+
+/// Always run on scope exit.
+///
+/// “Always” run: on regular exit from a scope or on unwinding from a panic.
+/// Can not run on abort, process exit, and other catastrophic events where
+/// destructors don’t run.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Always {}
+
+/// Run on scope exit through unwinding.
+///
+/// Requires crate feature `use_std`.
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum OnUnwind {}
+
+/// Run on regular scope exit, when not unwinding.
+///
+/// Requires crate feature `use_std`.
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum OnSuccess {}
+
+impl Strategy for Always {
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn should_run() -> bool { true }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+impl Strategy for OnUnwind {
+ #[inline]
+ fn should_run() -> bool { std::thread::panicking() }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+impl Strategy for OnSuccess {
+ #[inline]
+ fn should_run() -> bool { !std::thread::panicking() }
+}
+
+/// Macro to create a `ScopeGuard` (always run).
+///
+/// The macro takes statements, which are the body of a closure
+/// that will run when the scope is exited.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! defer {
+ ($($t:tt)*) => {
+ let _guard = $crate::guard((), |()| { $($t)* });
+ };
+}
+
+/// Macro to create a `ScopeGuard` (run on successful scope exit).
+///
+/// The macro takes statements, which are the body of a closure
+/// that will run when the scope is exited.
+///
+/// Requires crate feature `use_std`.
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! defer_on_success {
+ ($($t:tt)*) => {
+ let _guard = $crate::guard_on_success((), |()| { $($t)* });
+ };
+}
+
+/// Macro to create a `ScopeGuard` (run on unwinding from panic).
+///
+/// The macro takes statements, which are the body of a closure
+/// that will run when the scope is exited.
+///
+/// Requires crate feature `use_std`.
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! defer_on_unwind {
+ ($($t:tt)*) => {
+ let _guard = $crate::guard_on_unwind((), |()| { $($t)* });
+ };
+}
+
+/// `ScopeGuard` is a scope guard that may own a protected value.
+///
+/// If you place a guard in a local variable, the closure can
+/// run regardless how you leave the scope — through regular return or panic
+/// (except if panic or other code aborts; so as long as destructors run).
+/// It is run only once.
+///
+/// The `S` parameter for [`Strategy`](trait.Strategy.html) determines if
+/// the closure actually runs.
+///
+/// The guard's closure will be called with the held value in the destructor.
+///
+/// The `ScopeGuard` implements `Deref` so that you can access the inner value.
+pub struct ScopeGuard<T, F, S = Always>
+ where F: FnOnce(T),
+ S: Strategy,
+{
+ value: ManuallyDrop<T>,
+ dropfn: ManuallyDrop<F>,
+ // fn(S) -> S is used, so that the S is not taken into account for auto traits.
+ strategy: PhantomData<fn(S) -> S>,
+}
+
+impl<T, F, S> ScopeGuard<T, F, S>
+ where F: FnOnce(T),
+ S: Strategy,
+{
+ /// Create a `ScopeGuard` that owns `v` (accessible through deref) and calls
+ /// `dropfn` when its destructor runs.
+ ///
+ /// The `Strategy` decides whether the scope guard's closure should run.
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn with_strategy(v: T, dropfn: F) -> ScopeGuard<T, F, S> {
+ ScopeGuard {
+ value: ManuallyDrop::new(v),
+ dropfn: ManuallyDrop::new(dropfn),
+ strategy: PhantomData,
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// “Defuse” the guard and extract the value without calling the closure.
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// extern crate scopeguard;
+ ///
+ /// use scopeguard::{guard, ScopeGuard};
+ ///
+ /// fn conditional() -> bool { true }
+ ///
+ /// fn main() {
+ /// let mut guard = guard(Vec::new(), |mut v| v.clear());
+ /// guard.push(1);
+ ///
+ /// if conditional() {
+ /// // a condition maybe makes us decide to
+ /// // “defuse” the guard and get back its inner parts
+ /// let value = ScopeGuard::into_inner(guard);
+ /// } else {
+ /// // guard still exists in this branch
+ /// }
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn into_inner(guard: Self) -> T {
+ // Cannot move out of Drop-implementing types, so
+ // ptr::read the value and forget the guard.
+ unsafe {
+ let value = ptr::read(&*guard.value);
+ // read the closure so that it is dropped, and assign it to a local
+ // variable to ensure that it is only dropped after the guard has
+ // been forgotten. (In case the Drop impl of the closure, or that
+ // of any consumed captured variable, panics).
+ let _dropfn = ptr::read(&*guard.dropfn);
+ mem::forget(guard);
+ value
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/// Create a new `ScopeGuard` owning `v` and with deferred closure `dropfn`.
+#[inline]
+pub fn guard<T, F>(v: T, dropfn: F) -> ScopeGuard<T, F, Always>
+ where F: FnOnce(T)
+{
+ ScopeGuard::with_strategy(v, dropfn)
+}
+
+/// Create a new `ScopeGuard` owning `v` and with deferred closure `dropfn`.
+///
+/// Requires crate feature `use_std`.
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+#[inline]
+pub fn guard_on_success<T, F>(v: T, dropfn: F) -> ScopeGuard<T, F, OnSuccess>
+ where F: FnOnce(T)
+{
+ ScopeGuard::with_strategy(v, dropfn)
+}
+
+/// Create a new `ScopeGuard` owning `v` and with deferred closure `dropfn`.
+///
+/// Requires crate feature `use_std`.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// For performance reasons, or to emulate “only run guard on unwind” in
+/// no-std environments, we can also use the default guard and simply manually
+/// defuse it at the end of scope like the following example. (The performance
+/// reason would be if the [`OnUnwind`]'s call to [std::thread::panicking()] is
+/// an issue.)
+///
+/// ```
+/// extern crate scopeguard;
+///
+/// use scopeguard::ScopeGuard;
+/// # fn main() {
+/// {
+/// let guard = scopeguard::guard((), |_| {});
+///
+/// // rest of the code here
+///
+/// // we reached the end of scope without unwinding - defuse it
+/// ScopeGuard::into_inner(guard);
+/// }
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+#[inline]
+pub fn guard_on_unwind<T, F>(v: T, dropfn: F) -> ScopeGuard<T, F, OnUnwind>
+ where F: FnOnce(T)
+{
+ ScopeGuard::with_strategy(v, dropfn)
+}
+
+// ScopeGuard can be Sync even if F isn't because the closure is
+// not accessible from references.
+// The guard does not store any instance of S, so it is also irrelevant.
+unsafe impl<T, F, S> Sync for ScopeGuard<T, F, S>
+ where T: Sync,
+ F: FnOnce(T),
+ S: Strategy
+{}
+
+impl<T, F, S> Deref for ScopeGuard<T, F, S>
+ where F: FnOnce(T),
+ S: Strategy
+{
+ type Target = T;
+
+ fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+ &*self.value
+ }
+}
+
+impl<T, F, S> DerefMut for ScopeGuard<T, F, S>
+ where F: FnOnce(T),
+ S: Strategy
+{
+ fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+ &mut *self.value
+ }
+}
+
+impl<T, F, S> Drop for ScopeGuard<T, F, S>
+ where F: FnOnce(T),
+ S: Strategy
+{
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
+ // This is OK because the fields are `ManuallyDrop`s
+ // which will not be dropped by the compiler.
+ let (value, dropfn) = unsafe {
+ (ptr::read(&*self.value), ptr::read(&*self.dropfn))
+ };
+ if S::should_run() {
+ dropfn(value);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<T, F, S> fmt::Debug for ScopeGuard<T, F, S>
+ where T: fmt::Debug,
+ F: FnOnce(T),
+ S: Strategy
+{
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ f.debug_struct(stringify!(ScopeGuard))
+ .field("value", &*self.value)
+ .finish()
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+ use std::cell::Cell;
+ use std::panic::catch_unwind;
+ use std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_defer() {
+ let drops = Cell::new(0);
+ defer!(drops.set(1000));
+ assert_eq!(drops.get(), 0);
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_defer_success_1() {
+ let drops = Cell::new(0);
+ {
+ defer_on_success!(drops.set(1));
+ assert_eq!(drops.get(), 0);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(drops.get(), 1);
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_defer_success_2() {
+ let drops = Cell::new(0);
+ let _ = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+ defer_on_success!(drops.set(1));
+ panic!("failure")
+ }));
+ assert_eq!(drops.get(), 0);
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_defer_unwind_1() {
+ let drops = Cell::new(0);
+ let _ = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+ defer_on_unwind!(drops.set(1));
+ assert_eq!(drops.get(), 0);
+ panic!("failure")
+ }));
+ assert_eq!(drops.get(), 1);
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_defer_unwind_2() {
+ let drops = Cell::new(0);
+ {
+ defer_on_unwind!(drops.set(1));
+ }
+ assert_eq!(drops.get(), 0);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_only_dropped_by_closure_when_run() {
+ let value_drops = Cell::new(0);
+ let value = guard((), |()| value_drops.set(1 + value_drops.get()));
+ let closure_drops = Cell::new(0);
+ let guard = guard(value, |_| closure_drops.set(1 + closure_drops.get()));
+ assert_eq!(value_drops.get(), 0);
+ assert_eq!(closure_drops.get(), 0);
+ drop(guard);
+ assert_eq!(value_drops.get(), 1);
+ assert_eq!(closure_drops.get(), 1);
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_dropped_once_when_not_run() {
+ let value_drops = Cell::new(0);
+ let value = guard((), |()| value_drops.set(1 + value_drops.get()));
+ let captured_drops = Cell::new(0);
+ let captured = guard((), |()| captured_drops.set(1 + captured_drops.get()));
+ let closure_drops = Cell::new(0);
+ let guard = guard_on_unwind(value, |value| {
+ drop(value);
+ drop(captured);
+ closure_drops.set(1 + closure_drops.get())
+ });
+ assert_eq!(value_drops.get(), 0);
+ assert_eq!(captured_drops.get(), 0);
+ assert_eq!(closure_drops.get(), 0);
+ drop(guard);
+ assert_eq!(value_drops.get(), 1);
+ assert_eq!(captured_drops.get(), 1);
+ assert_eq!(closure_drops.get(), 0);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_into_inner() {
+ let dropped = Cell::new(false);
+ let value = guard(42, |_| dropped.set(true));
+ let guard = guard(value, |_| dropped.set(true));
+ let inner = ScopeGuard::into_inner(guard);
+ assert_eq!(dropped.get(), false);
+ assert_eq!(*inner, 42);
+ }
+}