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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 09:22:09 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 09:22:09 +0000
commit43a97878ce14b72f0981164f87f2e35e14151312 (patch)
tree620249daf56c0258faa40cbdcf9cfba06de2a846 /testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadfirefox-upstream.tar.xz
firefox-upstream.zip
Adding upstream version 110.0.1.upstream/110.0.1upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference')
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-001-ref.html19
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-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-001.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-002.html46
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-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-001.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-002.html46
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-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-011.html47
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-001.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-002.html46
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-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-004.html46
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-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-007.html48
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-008.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-009.html46
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-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-011.html45
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-br-001-ref.html47
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-table-001.html47
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-001.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-002.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-003.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-004.html46
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-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-006.html50
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-007.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-008.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-009.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-010.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-001.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-002.html45
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-003.html49
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-001.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-002.html45
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-003.html44
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-004.html51
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-001.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-002.html45
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-003.html44
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-004.html51
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-001.html48
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-002.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-003.html51
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-004.html51
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-005.html54
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-006.html56
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-001-ref.html32
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-005-ref.html32
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-001.html71
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-002.html127
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-horizontal-notref.html45
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-nofullwidth-notref.html41
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-horizontal-notref.html45
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-notcu-notref.html46
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-notcu-notref.html23
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-ref.html27
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x1-notref.html27
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x3-notref.html27
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x4-notref.html27
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x5-notref.html27
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/inline-box-border-vlr-001.html23
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/logical-props-001-ref.html17
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-1.xht21
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-2.xht21
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-orientation-001-ref.html20
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-span-001-ref.html12
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-block-vrl-006.html24
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vlr-006.html20
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vrl-006.html25
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/scrollbar-vertical-rl-ref.html21
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-001-ref.html23
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-002-ref.html21
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-001-ref.html24
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-002-ref.html29
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-001-ref.html23
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-002-ref.html23
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-003-ref.html31
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-decorations-001.html61
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-001.html20
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-002.html37
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-layout-rules-001-ref.html31
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-001-ref.html12
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-002-ref.html12
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-value-single-character.html34
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-shadow-orientation-upright-001-ref.html59
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/three-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html14
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-fixed.html8
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-percentage.html11
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html13
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x1-ref.html28
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x3-ref.html28
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x4-ref.html28
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x5-ref.html28
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001l-ref.html24
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001r-ref.html25
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-lr-002-ref.xht37
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-001-ref.xht37
-rw-r--r--testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-002-ref.xht36
153 files changed, 6196 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d59cde45f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<style>
+body > div {
+ font-family: monospace; /* to be able to reliably measure things in ch*/
+ font-size: 20px;
+ color: transparent;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ background: green;
+ border-top: 1ch solid white;
+ height: 1ch;
+}
+</style>
+
+<p>Test passes if there is a <strong>green rectangle</strong> below and <strong>no red</strong>.
+
+<div>0</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-002-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-002-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddebe93818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-002-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<style>
+body > div {
+ font-family: monospace; /* to be able to reliably measure things in ch*/
+ font-size: 20px;
+ color: transparent;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ background: green;
+ height: 1ch;
+}
+</style>
+
+<p>Test passes if there is a <strong>green rectangle</strong> below and <strong>no red</strong>.
+
+<div>0</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-011-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-011-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef66b4e0d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/available-size-011-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<title>CSS writing mode test reference</title>
+<meta charset=utf-8>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<style>
+div {
+ line-height: 1em;
+ height: 1em;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+}
+</style>
+
+<p>This test passes if the word “PASS” (without the quotation marks) appears below, written horizontally from left to right.
+<div>S S A P</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/baseline-with-orthogonal-flow-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/baseline-with-orthogonal-flow-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dda75ca1ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/baseline-with-orthogonal-flow-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+ <title>
+ CSS Reference Case
+ </title>
+ <style>
+ .ib {
+ display: inline-block;
+ }
+ </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+ Test passes if the visible characters below are baseline-aligned.
+ <br><br>
+
+ aaa
+
+ <div class="ib">
+ bbb
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="ib">
+ ccc
+ </div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24723ad3c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi embed (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa9d254cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi embed (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8e1cb7710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi embed (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32f96a1f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi embed (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd46ded680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi embed, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; b &gt; c &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; b &gt; c &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c111084b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi embed, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-007.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6117e485e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi embed, rtl + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-008.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d38b1b5734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi embed, ltr + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-009.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..146789a35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi embed, rtl list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-010.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2643873e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi embed, ltr list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-011.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1a01b43bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-embed-011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: direction alone and inherited, unicode-bidi embed</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test b { direction: rtl; font-weight: normal; }
+.test span { unicode-bidi: embed; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40f9409afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi isolate (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1abbd0172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi isolate (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ea23c5bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi isolate (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e8674fa92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi isolate (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e4471c9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi isolate, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb4a12bd4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi isolate, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; c &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; c &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-007.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36c36492a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi isolate, rtl + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref">&#x202d;&#x5d0; 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref">&#x202d;&#x5d0; 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-008.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9e21cdd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi isolate, ltr + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;3 a&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;3 a&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-009.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77e72e7e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi isolate, rtl list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;b &lt; a</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;b &lt; a</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-010.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e436f821b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi isolate, ltr list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d1;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d1;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-011.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fc0714034
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: direction alone and inherited, unicode-bidi embed</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test b { direction: rtl; font-weight: normal; }
+.test span { unicode-bidi: isolate; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9d066adeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, isolate-override (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &lt; dcba &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &lt; dcba &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56b9e7ec0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, isolate-override (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; dcba &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; dcba &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec28350207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, isolate-override (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; abcd &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; abcd &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b02488112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, isolate-override (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03db742fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with isolate-override, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; c &lt; b &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; c &lt; b &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f4213872b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with isolate-override, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; c &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d1; &gt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; c &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d1; &gt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-007.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..379a20b2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and isolate-override, rtl + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0;&#x202c; 3</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0;&#x202c; 3</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-008.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12500526f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and isolate-override, ltr + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;3 abcd&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;3 abcd&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-009.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af9a6eb339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and isolate-override, rtl list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;e &lt; abcd</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;e &lt; abcd</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-010.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bf9c6989b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and isolate-override, ltr list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d4;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d4;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-011.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2e4d6b0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: direction alone and inherited, isolate-override</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test b { direction: rtl; font-weight: normal; }
+.test span { unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 15em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d1; &lt; cb &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d1; &lt; cb &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-012.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-012.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..341913da8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-isolate-override-012.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: default direction, isolate-override</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 15em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-isolate-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a57042f4c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi normal (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ae0ba13d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi normal (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1af0f83d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi normal (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..deb587765e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi normal (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c14195471c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi normal, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddd877b340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi normal, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-007.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd4508fd74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi normal, rtl + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-008.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74e3609c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi normal, ltr + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-009.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97b8591601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi normal, rtl list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-010.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc9a249d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi normal, ltr list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-011.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..295e57749c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-normal-011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: direction alone and inherited, unicode-bidi normal</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test b { direction: rtl; font-weight: normal; }
+.test span { unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; b &gt; &#x5d3; &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; b &gt; &#x5d3; &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba01516f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, bidi-override (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &lt; dcba &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &lt; dcba &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d147bfb1ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, bidi-override (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; dcba &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; dcba &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2;&#x5d1;&#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b200b3e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, bidi-override (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; abcd &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; abcd &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a6c96048a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, bidi-override (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..980becacdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with bidi-override, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; c &lt; b &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; c &lt; b &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f40ad50da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with bidi-override, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; &#x5d2; &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; &#x5d2; &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-007.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d70ebf79e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and bidi-override, rtl + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 dcba&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 dcba</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-008.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a92c6ba43c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and bidi-override, ltr + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-009.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cf791ae73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and bidi-override, rtl list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; e&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; e&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-010.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..654e57572e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and bidi-override, ltr list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d4; &lt; dcba&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d4; &lt; dcba&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-011.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..195891733f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: direction alone and inherited, bidi-override</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test b { direction: rtl; font-weight: normal; }
+.test span { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 15em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d1; &lt; cb &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d1; &lt; cb &gt; d &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-012.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-012.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bb8ef841f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-override-012.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: default direction, bidi-override</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 15em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; abcd &gt; &#x5d0;&#x5d1;&#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..932d746119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: span unicode-bidi plaintext, rtl (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63e4a615a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span unicode-bidi plaintext, rtl (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82457f382d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: span unicode-bidi plaintext, ltr (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt; c &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt; c &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e91be7c4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: span unicode-bidi plaintext, ltr (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4301099e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi plaintext, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32b211e902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi plaintext, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; c &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; b &gt; c &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-007.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b5d23bbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi plaintext, rtl + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-008.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6201cbef25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi plaintext, ltr + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;3 a&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;3 a&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-009.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2885a191a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi plaintext, rtl list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;b &lt; a</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;b &lt; a</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-010.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b814fc9bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi plaintext, ltr list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d1;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; &#x5d1;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-011.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-011.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91115a5aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-011.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span unicode-bidi plaintext, no strong (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &gt; &gt; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &gt; &gt; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-br-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-br-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23bb3e9933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-plaintext-br-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<style>
+div.test {
+ font-family: Arial;
+ line-height: 1;
+ width: 10ch;
+ border: 1px solid blue;
+}
+</style>
+<body>
+ <div class="test" dir="rtl">
+ &#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;
+ MMMMM
+ </div>
+ <div class="test">
+ MMMMM
+ &#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;
+ </div>
+ <div class="test">
+ <div>a</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">
+ &#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;
+ MMMMM
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="test">
+ <div>a</div>
+ <div>
+ MMMMM
+ &#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="test">
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x5D0;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">
+ &#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;
+ MMMMM
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="test">
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x5D0;</div>
+ <div>
+ MMMMM
+ &#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;&#x5D0;
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</body>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-table-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-table-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..076e17e2e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-table-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: table columns</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: rtl; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if you see two lines reading c b a.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+
+The punctuation is moved around in the source to make it easier to do visual comparisons when the test is run.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="test">
+<table><tbody>
+<tr><td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td></tr>
+<tr><td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca8ead03f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi unset (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d0; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b52582d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction rtl, unicode-bidi unset (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &gt; a &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..364c85b6bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi unset (1)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; a &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c8ab54b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: span direction ltr, unicode-bidi unset (2)</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..877572e904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi unset, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="rtl">&#x202d;d &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0; &lt; a&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b &gt; c &gt; d&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84e87ff243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element as directional character with unicode-bidi unset, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="ref"><div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; c &gt; &#x5d3;&#x202c;</div>
+ <div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d3; &lt; &#x5d2; &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-007.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-007.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10f74193c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-007.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi unset, rtl + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;3 &#x5d0;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-008.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-008.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e86d03db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-008.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi unset, ltr + number</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a 3&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-009.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-009.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bee3e7eb6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-009.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi unset, rtl list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;a &gt; b</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-010.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-010.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f80faf10db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/bidi-unset-010.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction/unicode-bidi: element isolation and unicode-bidi unset, ltr list</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test span { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: normal; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&#x5d1; &lt; &#x5d0;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52e9244bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div direction rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: rtl; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; c &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; c &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3ab7a3a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div direction ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: ltr; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div dir="rtl">
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f0f8a9436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-embed-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div direction rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: rtl; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; c &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; c &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; c &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; c &lt; &#x5d1; &lt; a &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61cf4f61e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div override rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ac969b21c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div override ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div dir="rtl">
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96131d4426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div direction ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ae03a6815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: div override inheritance</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; ef &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ab &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; ef &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ab &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e132ce8c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div override rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3e50f5a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div override ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div dir="rtl">
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc8da8549b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>direction: div direction ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; ab &gt; &#x5d2;&#x5d3; &gt; ef &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8de24ce412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-override-isolate-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: div override inheritance</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: isolate-override; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; ef &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ab &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; ef &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ab &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; fe &lt; &#x5d3;&#x5d2; &lt; ba &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c2129fe23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: div plaintext, rtl</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+
+The punctuation is moved around in the source to make it easier to do visual comparisons when the test is run.
+-->
+
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+<div class="ref" dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebc0b8feb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: div plaintext, ltr</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+
+The punctuation is moved around in the source to make it easier to do visual comparisons when the test is run.
+-->
+
+<div dir="rtl">
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+
+<div class="ref" dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-003.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-003.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f9457d744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-003.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: div plaintext inheritance</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; &#x5d2; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; &#x5d0; &gt; b &gt; &#x5d2; &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-004.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-004.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de5c09a1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-004.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: div plaintext with br</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes are identical.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-005.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-005.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..014cbf01c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-005.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: textarea plaintext</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test textarea { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+textarea { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; height:5em; width: 100%; border: 0; font-size: 1em; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes display the same glyphs in the same order, with the same line breaks.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div>&#xA0;</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div>&#xA0;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a68e2bac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/block-plaintext-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>unicode-bidi: pre plaintext</title>
+
+<link rel="author" title="Richard Ishida" href='mailto:ishida@w3.org'/>
+<style type="text/css">
+.test pre { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+ /* the following styles are not part of the test */
+.test, .ref { font-size: 150%; border: 1px solid orange; margin: 10px; width: 10em; padding: 5px; clear: both; }
+input { margin: 5px; }
+@font-face {
+ font-family: 'ezra_silregular';
+ src: url('/fonts/sileot-webfont.woff') format('woff');
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: normal;
+ }
+.test, .ref { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; }
+pre { font-family: ezra_silregular, serif; height:5em; width: 100%; border: 0; font-size: 1em; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p class="instructions" dir="ltr">Test passes if the two boxes display the same glyphs in the same order, with the same line breaks.</p>
+
+
+<!--Notes:
+Key to entities used below:
+ &#x5d0; ... &#x5d5; - The first six Hebrew letters (strongly RTL).
+ &#x202d; - The LRO (left-to-right-override) formatting character.
+ &#x202c; - The PDF (pop directional formatting) formatting character; closes LRO.
+-->
+
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div>&#xA0;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div>&#xA0;</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ref">
+<div>&#xA0;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="rtl">&#x202d;&lt; &#x5d2; &lt; b &lt; &#x5d0; &lt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div dir="ltr">&#x202d;&gt; a &gt; &#x5d1; &gt; c &gt;&#x202c;</div>
+<div>&#xA0;</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+</body></html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bb13b36e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="http://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<style>
+div {
+ font-size: 20px;
+ color: transparent;
+}
+
+div:nth-of-type(1) { background: green; }
+div:nth-of-type(2) { background: blue; }
+div:nth-of-type(1),
+div:nth-of-type(2) {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ text-orientation: upright;
+ height: 5ch;
+ width: 5ch;
+}
+div:nth-of-type(3) {
+ background: orange;
+ height: 5ch;
+ width: 5ch;
+}
+</style>
+<body>
+ <p>Test passes if there is a <strong>green square</strong> below, and if it is the <strong>same size as the blue</strong> one, not the orange one.
+ <p>If any of the 3 colored shapes is not a square, or if the orange and blue squares are the same size, the test fails.
+ <div></div>
+ <div></div>
+ <div></div>
+</body>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-005-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-005-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcbe650864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/ch-units-vrl-005-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="http://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<style>
+div {
+ font-size: 20px;
+ color: transparent;
+}
+
+div:nth-of-type(1) { background: green; }
+div:nth-of-type(2) { background: blue; }
+div:nth-of-type(1),
+div:nth-of-type(2) {
+ height: 5ch;
+ width: 5ch;
+}
+div:nth-of-type(3) {
+ background: orange;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ text-orientation: upright;
+ height: 5ch;
+ width: 5ch;
+}
+</style>
+<body>
+ <p>Test passes if there is a <strong>green square</strong> below, and if it is the <strong>same size as the blue</strong> one, not the orange one.
+ <p>If any of the 3 colored shapes is not a square, or if the orange and blue squares are the same size, the test fails.
+ <div></div>
+ <div></div>
+ <div></div>
+</body>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8768ba772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<title>Reftest Reference</title>
+<meta charset=utf-8>
+<style>
+ body > div {
+ border: solid silver;
+ float: left;
+ margin: 1em;
+ text-align: right;
+ font: 20px/1 sans-serif;
+ }
+ span { text-orientation: upright; }
+ hr { clear: both; }
+</style>
+
+<p>Test passes if both rows of boxes are identical (order, orientation, and arrangement of contents).
+
+
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-rl">
+<bdo dir=ltr>
+ ז <span>ג ד</span> <span>ה ו</span> ב א<br>
+٧ <span>٣ ٤</span> <span>٥ ٦</span> ٢ ١
+</bdo>
+</div>
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr">
+<bdo dir=ltr>
+ ז <span>ג ד</span> <span>ה ו</span> ב א<br>
+٧ <span>٣ ٤</span> <span>٥ ٦</span> ٢ ١
+</bdo>
+</div>
+
+<div dir=rtl> א ב ג ד ה ו ז<br>
+ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-rl">
+ א ב ג ד ה ו ז<br>
+ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-lr">
+ א ב ג ד ה ו ז<br>
+ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧
+</div>
+
+
+<hr>
+
+
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-rl">
+<bdo dir=ltr>
+ ז <span>ג ד</span> <span>ה ו</span> ב א<br>
+٧ <span>٣ ٤</span> <span>٥ ٦</span> ٢ ١
+</bdo>
+</div>
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr">
+<bdo dir=ltr>
+ ז <span>ג ד</span> <span>ה ו</span> ב א<br>
+٧ <span>٣ ٤</span> <span>٥ ٦</span> ٢ ١
+</bdo>
+</div>
+
+<div dir=rtl> א ב ג ד ה ו ז<br>
+ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-rl">
+ א ב ג ד ה ו ז<br>
+ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-lr">
+ א ב ג ד ה ו ז<br>
+ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eac7ca9af9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/direction-upright-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<title>Reftest Reference</title>
+
+<style>
+ body > div {
+ border: solid silver;
+ float: left;
+ margin: 1em;
+ border-inline-start-color: orange;
+ border-block-start-color: aqua;
+ border-inline-end-color: lime;
+ border-block-end-color: yellow;
+ }
+ colgroup:first-child { background: fuchsia; }
+ col:last-child { background: purple; }
+ .flex { display: flex; }
+ .grid { grid-template-columns: auto auto }
+ hr { clear: both }
+</style>
+
+<p>Test passes if both rows of boxes are identical (coloring, order, orientation, and arrangement of contents).
+
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: upright">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+
+<div dir=rtl>
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-rl">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-lr">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr>
+
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: upright">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+
+<div dir=rtl>
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-rl">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
+<div dir=rtl style="writing-mode: sideways-lr">
+ <table>
+ <colgroup></colgroup>
+ <colgroup><col><col></colgroup>
+ <tr><td>A<td>B<td>C
+ </table>
+ <div class=flex>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div class=grid>A <span>B</span></div>
+ <div>A <ruby>B<rt>b</rt> C<rt>c</rt></ruby><ruby>D<rt>d</rt> E<rt>e</rt></ruby></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-horizontal-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-horizontal-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2666f8236a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-horizontal-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<link rel="author" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/">
+<meta content="asis" name="flags">
+<style>
+ div
+ {
+ font-size: 64px;
+ }
+
+ div > p
+ {
+ border: black solid 1px;
+ }
+
+ span.full-width
+ {
+ text-transform: full-width;
+ }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the glyphs in the 3 rectangles have the <strong>same order</strong>, the <strong>same orientation</strong> and the <strong>same layout</strong>; a different inter-character spacing is considered as PASS.</p>
+
+<div>
+
+ <p><span class="full-width">&#x34;</span>月</p>
+
+ <!-- &#x34; is the ISO-Latin1 digit 4 -->
+
+ <p>&#xFF14;月</p>
+
+ <!-- &#xFF14; is the FULLWIDTH DIGIT 4 (≈ <wide> 0034 4)-->
+
+ <p>&#xFF14;月</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-nofullwidth-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-nofullwidth-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71b4956265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-001-nofullwidth-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<link rel="author" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/">
+<meta content="asis" name="flags">
+<style>
+ div
+ {
+ font-size: 64px;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ }
+
+ div > p
+ {
+ border: black solid 1px;
+ }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the glyphs in the 3 rectangles have the <strong>same order</strong>, the <strong>same orientation</strong> and the <strong>same layout</strong>; a different inter-character spacing is considered as PASS.</p>
+
+<div>
+
+ <p>&#x34;月</p>
+
+ <!-- &#x34; is the ISO-Latin1 digit 4 -->
+
+ <p>&#xFF14;月</p>
+
+ <!-- &#xFF14; is the FULLWIDTH DIGIT 4 (≈ <wide> 0034 4)-->
+
+ <p>&#xFF14;月</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-horizontal-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-horizontal-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7cb8897f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-horizontal-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<link rel="author" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/">
+<meta content="asis" name="flags">
+<style>
+ div
+ {
+ font-size: 64px;
+ }
+
+ div > p
+ {
+ border: black solid 1px;
+ }
+
+ span.full-width
+ {
+ text-transform: full-width;
+ }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the glyphs in the 3 rectangles have the <strong>same order</strong>, the <strong>same orientation</strong> and the <strong>same layout</strong>; a different inter-character spacing is considered as PASS.</p>
+
+<div>
+
+ <p><span class="full-width">28</span>日</p>
+
+ <p>&#xFF12;&#xFF18;日</p>
+
+ <!-- &#xFF12; is the FULLWIDTH DIGIT 2 (≈ <wide> 0032 2)-->
+
+ <!-- &#xFF18; is the FULLWIDTH DIGIT 8 (≈ <wide> 0038 8)-->
+
+ <p>28日</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-notcu-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-notcu-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dd5c8b513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-002-notcu-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<link rel="author" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/">
+<meta content="asis" name="flags">
+<style>
+ div
+ {
+ font-size: 64px;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ }
+
+ div > p
+ {
+ border: black solid 1px;
+ }
+
+ span.full-width
+ {
+ text-transform: full-width;
+ }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the glyphs in the 3 rectangles have the <strong>same order</strong>, the <strong>same orientation</strong> and the <strong>same layout</strong>; a different inter-character spacing is considered as PASS.</p>
+
+<div>
+
+ <p><span class="full-width">28</span>日</p>
+
+ <p>&#xFF12;&#xFF18;日</p>
+
+ <!-- &#xFF12; is the FULLWIDTH DIGIT 2 (≈ <wide> 0032 2)-->
+
+ <!-- &#xFF18; is the FULLWIDTH DIGIT 8 (≈ <wide> 0038 8)-->
+
+ <p>28日</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-notcu-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-notcu-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13a04094ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-notcu-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<style>
+.test {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the following paragraphs are identical:</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>6月19日</p>
+ <p>6月19日</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b02886dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/full-width-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<style>
+.test {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+}
+
+.tcu-all {
+ text-combine-upright: all;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the following paragraphs are identical:</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>6月<span class="tcu-all">19</span>日</p>
+ <p>6月<span class="tcu-all">19</span>日</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x1-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x1-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6835d2f61d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x1-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black squares.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>x</p>
+ <p>x</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x3-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x3-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6809703f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x3-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black rectangles.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>xxx</p>
+ <p>xxx</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x4-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x4-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab0a390719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x4-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black rectangles.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>xxxx</p>
+ <p>xxxx</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x5-notref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x5-notref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f89435a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/horizontal-ahem-1x5-notref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black rectangles.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>xxxxx</p>
+ <p>xxxxx</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/inline-box-border-vlr-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/inline-box-border-vlr-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b57e460ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/inline-box-border-vlr-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<style>
+html {
+ margin: 0;
+ font-size: 20px;
+}
+body {
+ margin: 1em;
+ border: 1px solid blue;
+}
+body > div {
+ margin-bottom: 2em;
+ border: 1px solid black;
+}
+</style>
+<body>
+ <div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; height: 1em">
+ <div><span>a</span></div>
+ </div>
+ <div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; height: 1em">
+ <div><span>a</span></div>
+ </div>
+</body>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/logical-props-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/logical-props-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2154a8d3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/logical-props-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="http://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<style>
+div {
+ position: absolute;
+ width: 100px;
+ height: 5px;
+ background: green;
+}
+
+</style>
+<body>
+ <p>Test passes if there is a <strong>horizontal green stripe</strong> below and <strong>no red</strong>.
+ <div></div>
+</body>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-1.xht b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-1.xht
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f54f3271fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-1.xht
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+ <head>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+ <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+ div.ref
+ {
+ border: teal solid 1em;
+ font: 25px/1 Ahem;
+ height: 4em; /* computes to 100px */
+ margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+ width: 4em;
+ }
+ ]]></style>
+
+ </head>
+
+ <body>
+ <div class="ref" id="ref1"><img src="../support/swatch-blue.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /><img src="../support/swatch-orange.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /><img src="../support/swatch-orange.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /><img src="../support/swatch-blue.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /></div>
+ </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-2.xht b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-2.xht
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dab33c3937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/margin-collapse-022-023-2.xht
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+ <head>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+ <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+ div.ref
+ {
+ border: teal solid 1em;
+ font: 25px/1 Ahem;
+ height: 4em; /* computes to 100px */
+ margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+ width: 4em;
+ }
+ ]]></style>
+
+ </head>
+
+ <body>
+ <div class="ref" id="ref2"><img src="../support/swatch-orange.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /><img src="../support/swatch-blue.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /><img src="../support/swatch-orange.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /><img src="../support/swatch-blue.png" width="25" height="100" alt="Image download support must be enabled" /></div>
+ </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-orientation-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-orientation-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66cb618b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-orientation-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Modes Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<style>
+div {
+ font-family: "Mongolian White";
+ font-size: 2em;
+ margin: 1em;
+ writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+ float: left;
+}
+div:nth-of-type(1) { text-orientation: sideways; }
+div:nth-of-type(2) { text-orientation: sideways; }
+</style>
+
+<p>The test passes if you see two identical lines of vertical text (in Mongolian).
+
+<div>ᠮᠣᠨᠭᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ</div>
+<div>ᠮᠣᠨᠭᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-span-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-span-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b32c3a5a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/mongolian-span-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<style>
+html {
+ writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+ font-size: 50px;
+}
+</style>
+<body>
+ <div>ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ</div>
+ <div>ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ</div>
+</body>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-block-vrl-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-block-vrl-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb0e20ae09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-block-vrl-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Modes Test: outline layout and non-replaced inline and vertical-rl writing-mode</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Koji Ishii" href="mailto:kojiishi@gmail.com" />
+<link rel="reviewer" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/" /> <!-- 2016-01-14 -->
+<meta content="ahem" name="flags" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.container {
+ color:transparent;
+ font:50px/1 Ahem;
+}
+.outline {
+ color:orange;
+ display:inline-block;
+ outline:blue solid 2px;
+}
+</style>
+<p>Test passes if the inside of 3 blue rectangles is orange.
+<div class="container">
+ <span class="outline" style="margin-left:1em">1</span><br>
+ <span class="outline" style="margin-left:3em">1<br>2</span><br>
+ <span class="outline" style="margin-left:5em">1<br>2<br>X</span>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vlr-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vlr-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2988e01c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vlr-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Modes Test: outline layout and non-replaced inline and vertical-lr writing-mode</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Koji Ishii" href="mailto:kojiishi@gmail.com" />
+<link rel="reviewer" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/" /> <!-- 2016-01-14 -->
+<meta content="ahem" name="flags" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+div {
+ color:transparent;
+ font:50px/1 Ahem;
+ width:2em;
+}
+.outline {
+ color:orange;
+ outline:blue solid 2px;
+}
+</style>
+<p>Test passes if the inside of 2 blue squares is orange.
+<div>1<span class="outline">2</span> 34 56 78 <span class="outline">9</span>0</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vrl-006.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vrl-006.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fa6d90677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/outline-inline-vrl-006.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Modes Test: outline layout and non-replaced inline and vertical-rl writing-mode</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Koji Ishii" href="mailto:kojiishi@gmail.com" />
+<link rel="reviewer" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/" /> <!-- 2016-01-14 -->
+<meta content="ahem" name="flags" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.container {
+ color:transparent;
+ font:50px/1 Ahem;
+}
+.outline {
+ color:orange;
+ outline:blue solid 2px;
+}
+</style>
+<p>Test passes if the inside of 2 blue squares is orange.
+<div class="container">
+ <div>111<span class="outline">1</span></div>
+ <div>1</div>
+ <div>1</div>
+ <div>1</div>
+ <div>1111<span class="outline">1</span></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/scrollbar-vertical-rl-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/scrollbar-vertical-rl-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ee601d16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/scrollbar-vertical-rl-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+ <title>CSS Writing Modes Test: vertical-rl painting with vertical scrollbar reference</title>
+ <link rel="author" title="Aleks Totic" href="atotic@chromium.org" />
+ <style>
+ #container {
+ width: 300px;
+ height: 200px;
+ border: 1px solid black;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ overflow: scroll;
+ background: blue;
+ }
+ #target {
+ width:500px;
+ }
+ </style>
+<div id="container">
+ <div id="target"><br></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75461923ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Writing modes test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<p>The test passes if you can see “1 2 3” 6 times below (without the quotation marks). If any of them is reversed (“3 2 1”) the test fails.</p>
+<svg
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ width="300"
+ height="600">
+<g>
+ <text x="0" y="50" style="fill: blue;">1 2 3</text>
+ <text x="0" y="150" style="fill: blue;">1 2 3</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+ <text x="150" y="50" style="fill: blue;">1 2 3</text>
+ <text x="150" y="150" style="fill: blue;">1 2 3</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+ <text x="300" y="50" style="direction: rtl; fill: blue;">3 2 1</text>
+ <text x="300" y="150" style="direction: rtl; fill: blue;">3 2 1</text>
+</g>
+</svg>
+
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-002-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-002-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be3b7d0b1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/svg-aliasing-002-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Writing modes test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<p>The test passes if you can see “1 2 3” (without the quotation marks) 3 times below going top-to-bottom.
+If any of them is reversed (going bottom to top), the test fails.</p>
+<svg
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ width="300"
+ height="600">
+<g>
+ <text x="50" y="50" style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; fill: blue;">1 2 3</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+ <text x="125" y="50" style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; fill: blue;">1 2 3</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+ <text x="200" y="80" style="writing-mode: vertical-rl; direction: rtl; fill: blue;">3 2 1</text>
+</g>
+</svg>
+
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a58eac85ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Mode test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="http://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<meta flags="ahem">
+
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+div {
+ font: 20px/20px ahem;
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: -1;
+ background: green;
+ height: 4em;
+ width: 5em;
+}
+
+
+</style>
+
+<p>There should be a <strong>green rectangle</strong> and <strong>no red</strong>.
+
+<div></div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-002-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-002-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5b895aa95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/table-cell-002-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Mode test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">
+<meta flags="ahem">
+
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+div {
+ font: 50px / 50px ahem;
+ color: green;
+
+ max-height: 100px;
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ /* Doing this with a horizontal div and max-width ought to result in the same 100x100 green square,
+ but font rasterisation may (and in practice does) result in different aliasing artifacts.
+ Therefore I am using the same writing mode as the test,
+ to make sure we get identically sharp/fuzzy edges on the same sides.
+ */
+}
+</style>
+
+<p>There should be a <strong>green square</strong> and <strong>no red</strong>.
+
+<div>xx xx</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c5acb315d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Test reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net">
+<style>
+.v-rl {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ width: 200px;
+}
+span {
+ -webkit-text-combine: horizontal; /*testing the layout text-combine, not it's support in general*/
+ text-combine-upright: all;
+ white-space: normal;
+}
+#test { color: blue; }
+#ref { color: orange; }
+</style>
+<p>Test passes if the blue and orange lines of text are identical.
+
+<div class=v-rl>
+ <div id=test>あ<span>12</span>い<span>34</span>う<span>5&nbsp;6</span>えお</div>
+ <div id=ref>あ<span>12</span>い<span>34</span>う<span>5&nbsp;6</span>えお</div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-002-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-002-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3844991110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-002-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net">
+<style>
+.v-rl {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ width: 200px;
+}
+span {
+ -webkit-text-combine: horizontal; /*testing the layout text-combine, not it's support in general*/
+ text-combine-upright: all;
+ white-space: pre;
+}
+#test { color: blue; }
+#ref { color: orange; }
+</style>
+<p>Test passes if the blue and orange lines of text are identical.
+
+<div class=v-rl>
+ <div id=test>あ<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;12</span>い<span>34&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>う<span>5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</span>えお</div>
+ <div id=ref>あ<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;12</span>い<span>34&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>う<span>5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</span>えお</div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-003-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-003-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..449036ff54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/tcy-white-space-processing-003-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Florian Rivoal" href="https://florian.rivoal.net">
+<style>
+.v-rl {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ width: 200px;
+}
+span {
+ display: inline-block;
+ height: 1em;
+}
+#test { color: blue; }
+#test2 { color: brown; }
+#ref { color: orange; }
+.v-rl > div {
+ display: inline-block;
+ border: solid;
+ margin: 0 5px;
+}
+</style>
+<p>Test passes if the blue, orange, brown boxes are identical.
+
+<div class=v-rl>
+ <div id=test>あいう<span></span>えお<span></span></div>
+ <br>
+ <div id=test2>あいう<span></span>えお<span></span></div>
+ <br>
+ <div id=ref>あいう<span></span>えお<span></span></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-decorations-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-decorations-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b35f7f254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-decorations-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<title>CSS Writing Modes Test: The resulting composition is treated as a signel glyph for decorations</title>
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="author" title="Koji Ishii" href="mailto:kojiishi@gmail.com">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+#container {
+ font: 50px/1 Ahem;
+ text-decoration-skip-ink: none;
+}
+.vlr {
+ writing-mode:vertical-lr;
+}
+.vrl {
+ writing-mode:vertical-rl;
+}
+.test, .ref {
+ border:solid thin;
+ margin:.2em;
+}
+p {
+ margin:0 .5em;
+}
+.underline {
+ text-decoration:underline;
+}
+.overline {
+ text-decoration:overline;
+}
+.emphasis {
+ text-emphasis:filled;
+}
+</style>
+<p>This test asserts the resulting composition is treated as a single glyph for decorations.
+<p>Test passes if the following two boxes in each row are identical.
+<div id=container>
+ <div class=vlr>
+ <div class=test>
+ <p class=underline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=overline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=emphasis>XXX
+ </div>
+ <div class=ref>
+ <p class=underline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=overline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=emphasis>XXX
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class=vrl>
+ <div class=test>
+ <p class=underline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=overline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=emphasis>XXX
+ </div>
+ <div class=ref>
+ <p class=underline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=overline>X&#xA0;X
+ <p class=emphasis>XXX
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-001.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-001.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee862ad9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-001.html
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<title>CSS Writing Modes Test: text-combine-upright:all inherits</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Koji Ishii" href="mailto:kojiishi@gmail.com">
+<style>
+#container {
+ font-size:50px;
+}
+.vrl {
+ writing-mode:vertical-rl;
+}
+.tcy {
+ text-combine-upright:all;
+}
+</style>
+<p>Test passes if all two-digit numbers are <b>upright</b> in <b>horizontal</b> flow.
+<div id=container>
+ <div>66</div>
+ <div class=vrl><span class=tcy>66</span></div>
+ <div class=vrl><span class=tcy>66</span></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-002.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-002.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..315d6f54bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-inherit-all-002.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+ <title>CSS Writing Modes Test: text-combine-upright :all </title>
+ <link rel="author" title="Shinsuke Matsuki" href="mailto:shinsuke.matsuki@access-company.com">
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <style type="text/css">
+ #container {
+ font-size:50px;
+ }
+ .vrl {
+ writing-mode:vertical-rl;
+ }
+ .tcy {
+ text-combine-upright:all;
+ }
+ </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+ <p>Test passes if the <b>line breaks</b> before <q>56</q>, and all digits are in<b>upright</b> in <b>horizontal</b> flow.
+ <div id=container>
+ <div class="vrl tcy">
+ <table>
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+ <div style="display: inline-table">
+ <div style="display: inline-block">
+ <span class=tcy>12</span><span class=tcy>56</span>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-layout-rules-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-layout-rules-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f79679fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-layout-rules-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Modes: Layout rules of text-combine-upright</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<link rel="author" title="Koji Ishii" href="mailto:kojiishi@gmail.com">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+#container {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ font: 50px/1 Ahem;
+}
+#container > div {
+ margin:.2em;
+}
+.tcy {
+ text-combine-upright: all;
+ color:transparent;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> hollow squares.</p>
+<div id="container">
+ <div>AAA<br>A A<br>AAA</div>
+ <div>AAA<br>A A<br>AAA</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ede62dcb47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset=utf-8>
+<title>CSS reference file</title>
+<style>
+.test {
+ font: 32px sans-serif;
+ writing-mode: sideways-rl;
+}
+</style>
+<body lang="zh">
+<p>Test passes if the digits are NOT rotated or compressed to appear horizontally</p>
+<div class="test">中文1234中文</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-002-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-002-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..390d37d016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-sideways-002-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset=utf-8>
+<title>CSS reference file</title>
+<style>
+.test {
+ font: 32px sans-serif;
+ writing-mode: sideways-lr;
+}
+</style>
+<body>
+<p>Test passes if the digits are NOT rotated or compressed to appear horizontally</p>
+<div class="test">AB123CD</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-value-single-character.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-value-single-character.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aeda4e4f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-combine-upright-value-single-character.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Writing Modes: text-combine-upright: all</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<style>
+@font-face {
+ font-family: tcu-font;
+ src: url("/fonts/tcu-font.woff");
+}
+
+.test {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ font-size: 5em;
+ font-family: tcu-font;
+}
+
+.tcy {
+ text-combine-upright: all;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> white triangles.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>3</p>
+ <p>3</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-shadow-orientation-upright-001-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-shadow-orientation-upright-001-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54c1f74259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/text-shadow-orientation-upright-001-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+
+ <title>CSS Reference Test</title>
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css">
+ <link rel="author" title="Gérard Talbot" href="http://www.gtalbot.org/BrowserBugsSection/css21testsuite/">
+
+ <style>
+ div
+ {
+ color: transparent;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+ font-size: 100px;
+ line-height: 1;
+ }
+
+ div#purple
+ {
+ text-shadow: 1em 0em purple;
+ }
+
+ div#orange-blue
+ {
+ color: yellow;
+ margin-left: 1em;
+ text-shadow: -1em 0em orange, 1em 0em blue;
+ }
+
+ div#fuchsia
+ {
+ text-shadow: 1em 0em fuchsia;
+ }
+ </style>
+
+ <div id="purple">U</div>
+
+ <div id="orange-blue">B</div>
+
+ <div id="fuchsia">F</div>
+
+ <!--
+
+ .........
+ . .
+ . . <-purple
+ . .
+ .......................
+ . . . .
+ orange-> . . yel . . <-blue
+ . . low . .
+ .......................
+ . .
+ . . <-fuchsia
+ . .
+ .........
+
+ -->
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/three-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/three-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65a1618560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/three-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<link rel="author" title="Morten Stenshorne" href="mstensho@chromium.org">
+<p>The yellow box should be in the top right corner of the hotpink box.</p>
+<div style="width:30em; height:30em; background:hotpink;">
+ <div style="float:right; writing-mode:vertical-rl; background:yellow;">
+ <div style="visibility:hidden;">
+ Roses are red,<br>
+ violets are blue.<br>
+ All my base<br>
+ are belong to you.<br>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-fixed.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-fixed.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93b1627a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-fixed.html
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<title>Two levels of writing mode roots with text inside, fixed available inline size for inner on outer</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Morten Stenshorne" href="mstensho@chromium.org">
+<div style="width:10em; border:solid; background:yellow;">
+ <div style="padding:3px;">
+ This text should be inside a box with a yellow background and a black border. There should be no red.
+ </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-percentage.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-percentage.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f00515d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows-percentage.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<title>Two levels of writing mode roots with text inside, percentage inline size on inner</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Morten Stenshorne" href="mstensho@chromium.org">
+<p>There should be three lines below. The middle line should have a yellow
+ background that takes up about 50% of the viewport width (but otherwise be
+ exactly like the two others, i.e. no extra height or anything like that).</p>
+A B C D E F G
+<div style="width:50vw; background:yellow;">
+ A B C D E F G
+</div>
+A B C D E F G
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c29f6d94fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/two-levels-of-orthogonal-flows.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<title>Two levels of writing mode roots with text inside, no constraints</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Morten Stenshorne" href="mstensho@chromium.org">
+<link rel="help" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/#intrinsic" title="4. Intrinsic Size Determination">
+<link rel="help" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/#orthogonal-auto" title="7.3.1. Available Space in Orthogonal Flows">
+<p>There should be three lines below. The middle line should have a
+ yellow background (but otherwise be exactly like the two others,
+ i.e. no extra height or anything like that)</p>
+A B C D E F G
+<div style="width:fit-content; background:yellow;">
+ A B C D E F G
+</div>
+A B C D E F G
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x1-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x1-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fc6523630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x1-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black squares.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>x</p>
+ <p>x</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x3-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x3-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcb15f7690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x3-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black rectangles.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>xxx</p>
+ <p>xxx</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x4-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x4-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8968d166c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x4-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black rectangles.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>xxxx</p>
+ <p>xxxx</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x5-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x5-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5aa1943995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/vertical-ahem-1x5-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="https://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<meta name="flags" content="ahem">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+<style>
+.test {
+ writing-mode: vertical-rl;
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ font-family: Ahem;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if there are 2 <strong>identical</strong> black rectangles.</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>xxxxx</p>
+ <p>xxxxx</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001l-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001l-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22fa1082a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001l-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<style>
+.test {
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the following texts are identical:</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>2014</p>
+ <p>2014</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001r-ref.html b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001r-ref.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..204d87a4b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-horizontal-001r-ref.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>CSS Test Reference</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Masataka Yakura" href="http://google.com/+MasatakaYakura">
+<style>
+.test {
+ font-size: 5em;
+ line-height: 1;
+ direction: rtl;
+}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<p>Test passes if the following texts are identical:</p>
+
+<div class="test">
+ <p>2014</p>
+ <p>2014</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-lr-002-ref.xht b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-lr-002-ref.xht
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32e5238365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-lr-002-ref.xht
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+ <title>CSS Test: writing-mode - vertical-lr - basic case - reference</title>
+ <link rel="author" title="Yoshifumi Kawai" href="mailto:kawai@est.co.jp" />
+ <meta name="flags" content="ahem" />
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+ <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+ div
+ {
+ background: yellow;
+ color: blue;
+ font: 20px/1 Ahem;
+ height: 6em;
+ margin: 10px;
+ width: 6em;
+ white-space: pre;
+ }
+ ]]></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+ <p>The upper block is identical to the lower block including each character positions.</p>
+<div>adhjns
+ i t
+be ko
+c lqu
+ f m v
+ g r</div>
+<div>adhjns
+ i t
+be ko
+c lqu
+ f m v
+ g r</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-001-ref.xht b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-001-ref.xht
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a7e0250cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-001-ref.xht
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+ <title>CSS Test: writing-mode - vertical-rl - basic case - reference</title>
+ <link rel="author" title="Yoshifumi Kawai" href="mailto:kawai@est.co.jp" />
+ <meta name="flags" content="ahem" />
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+ <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+ div
+ {
+ background: yellow;
+ color: blue;
+ font: 20px/1 Ahem;
+ height: 6em;
+ margin: 10px;
+ width: 6em;
+ white-space: pre;
+ }
+ ]]></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+ <p>The upper block is identical to the lower block including each character positions.</p>
+<div>tomiea
+ n b
+uq jf
+v kgc
+ r l d
+ s h</div>
+<div>tomiea
+ n b
+uq jf
+v kgc
+ r l d
+ s h</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-002-ref.xht b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-002-ref.xht
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c25f00f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/web-platform/tests/css/css-writing-modes/reference/writing-mode-vertical-rl-002-ref.xht
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+ <title>CSS Test: writing-mode - vertical-rl - basic case - reference</title>
+ <link rel="author" title="Yoshifumi Kawai" href="mailto:kawai@est.co.jp" />
+ <meta name="flags" content="ahem" />
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/ahem.css" />
+ <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+ div
+ {
+ background: yellow;
+ color: blue;
+ font: 20px/1 Ahem;
+ height: 6em;
+ margin: 10px;
+ width: 6em;
+ }
+ ]]></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+ <p>The upper block is identical to the lower block including each character positions.</p>
+<div>urmiea
+vsn&nbsp;&nbsp;x
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jf
+&nbsp;tokgc
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l d
+&nbsp;&nbsp;q h</div>
+<div>urmiea
+vsn&nbsp;&nbsp;x
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jf
+&nbsp;tokgc
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l d
+&nbsp;&nbsp;q h</div>
+</body>
+</html>