Adding upstream version 110.0.1.upstream/110.0.1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

21 files changed, 14607 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/.cargo-checksum.json b/third_party/rust/url/.cargo-checksum.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..943edfd545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/.cargo-checksum.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"files":{"Cargo.toml":"911d5d7758567d81f098c351b005ca2b9a9963dce59b2e4c9601990b23d32bc1","LICENSE-APACHE":"a60eea817514531668d7e00765731449fe14d059d3249e0bc93b36de45f759f2","LICENSE-MIT":"20c7855c364d57ea4c97889a5e8d98470a9952dade37bd9248b9a54431670e5e","README.md":"8f7f1699e885e867f16e2beacf161751735582fbc080ada0762ba512244f28fc","UPGRADING.md":"fbcc2d39bdf17db0745793db6626fcd5c909dddd4ce13b27566cfabece22c368","appveyor.yml":"c78486dbfbe6ebbf3d808afb9a19f7ec18c4704ce451c6305f0716999b70a1a6","benches/parse_url.rs":"821ecb051c3c6c40eb3b268ba7337b2988333627d0af0c8e1afc84734ffbbf2b","src/form_urlencoded.rs":"97b948b959460ef1323bdbb9147eef3edac9db2e236f75cb49668cbab8d1f708","src/host.rs":"8401138bbda58771e0377e5e45b695844a1ad3320584115d931e933c2097e4d1","src/lib.rs":"f822ca47da43bb283af3b590d541321ff1ec828045e12a8d97fb688e7e3f8610","src/origin.rs":"5ee6d1dc360a191362e2bee9840bdc26df8f20cb1b70282024cebd3e14490e92","src/parser.rs":"912733b8f62bf765e077dde2bc21918bef39f6f41d262059cd1738f3d6a8824c","src/path_segments.rs":"c322c048a075db47dd73289e83876cbb25b69a3b17cad6054ddb47a93fab85dd","src/query_encoding.rs":"88d31936327461af1382393117fc07bbdf064c6930aaff3cd8b38d2343e41b51","src/quirks.rs":"a5be1ade22b29e86b432d0340cc5737614b28c7db0df36d7c1b6ea84e60e3c83","src/slicing.rs":"a59ec10a3c3a6b454f66014ca7fd949ea48159a13b100fca2712c784021ccdc3","tests/data.rs":"3c8c1255d86c1d1cfb17d4c979c18dd13d4f7386512b95be9a47dd755502fe68","tests/setters_tests.json":"08ddaa632ad19c81e83b904bfaa94bc971f26e2bdfcef27d2f93fd033ad57340","tests/unit.rs":"6068d8386d56d7a4495eb81bbd9b21bca7696755cf5b14efc3d7b33cfad24a19","tests/urltestdata.json":"1b0c7c727d8d7e79dfb0d0aa347ff05675ddb68bc4ead38f83fd8e89bc59cc32"},"package":"75b414f6c464c879d7f9babf951f23bc3743fb7313c081b2e6ca719067ea9d61"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/Cargo.toml b/third_party/rust/url/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a82c2b98a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies
+#
+# If you believe there's an error in this file please file an
+# issue against the rust-lang/cargo repository. If you're
+# editing this file be aware that the upstream Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable)
+
+[package]
+name = "url"
+version = "2.1.0"
+authors = ["The rust-url developers"]
+description = "URL library for Rust, based on the WHATWG URL Standard"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/url"
+readme = "README.md"
+keywords = ["url", "parser"]
+categories = ["parser-implementations", "web-programming", "encoding"]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/servo/rust-url"
+
+[lib]
+test = false
+
+[[test]]
+name = "unit"
+
+[[test]]
+name = "data"
+harness = false
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "parse_url"
+harness = false
+[dependencies.idna]
+version = "0.2.0"
+
+[dependencies.matches]
+version = "0.1"
+
+[dependencies.percent-encoding]
+version = "2.0.0"
+
+[dependencies.serde]
+version = "1.0"
+features = ["derive"]
+optional = true
+[dev-dependencies.bencher]
+version = "0.1"
+
+[dev-dependencies.rustc-test]
+version = "0.3"
+
+[dev-dependencies.serde_json]
+version = "1.0"
+[badges.appveyor]
+repository = "Manishearth/rust-url"
+
+[badges.travis-ci]
+repository = "servo/rust-url"
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/LICENSE-APACHE b/third_party/rust/url/LICENSE-APACHE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16fe87b06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/LICENSE-APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                              Apache License
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diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/LICENSE-MIT b/third_party/rust/url/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24de6b418e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Copyright (c) 2013-2016 The rust-url developers
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/README.md b/third_party/rust/url/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1a2ecffa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+rust-url
+========
+
+[![Travis build Status](https://travis-ci.com/servo/rust-url.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/servo/rust-url) [![Appveyor build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/ulkqx2xcemyod6xa?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Manishearth/rust-url)
+
+URL library for Rust, based on the [URL Standard](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/).
+
+[Documentation](https://docs.rs/url/)
+
+Please see [UPGRADING.md](https://github.com/servo/rust-url/blob/master/UPGRADING.md) if you are upgrading from 0.x to 1.x.
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/UPGRADING.md b/third_party/rust/url/UPGRADING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f156130f68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/UPGRADING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+# Guide to upgrading from url 0.x to 1.x
+
+* The fields of `Url` are now private because the `Url` constructor, parser,
+  and setters maintain invariants that could be violated if you were to set the fields directly.
+  Instead of accessing, for example, `url.scheme`, use the getter method, such as `url.scheme()`.
+  Instead of assigning directly to a field, for example `url.scheme = "https".to_string()`,
+  use the setter method, such as `url.set_scheme("https").unwrap()`.
+  (Some setters validate the new value and return a `Result` that must be used).
+
+* The methods of `Url` now return `&str` instead of `String`,
+  thus reducing allocations and making serialization cheap.
+
+* The `path()` method on `url::Url` instances used to return `Option<&[String]>`;
+  now it returns `&str`.
+  If you would like functionality more similar to the old behavior of `path()`,
+  use `path_segments()` that returns `Option<str::Split<char>>`.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let issue_list_url = Url::parse(
+         "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open"
+    ).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(issue_list_url.path(), Some(&["rust-lang".to_string(),
+                                             "rust".to_string(),
+                                             "issues".to_string()][..]));
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let issue_list_url = Url::parse(
+         "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open"
+    ).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(issue_list_url.path(), "/rust-lang/rust/issues");
+    assert_eq!(issue_list_url.path_segments().map(|c| c.collect::<Vec<_>>()),
+               Some(vec!["rust-lang", "rust", "issues"]));
+    ```
+
+* The `path_mut()` method on `url::Url` instances that allowed modification of a URL's path
+  has been replaced by `path_segments_mut()`.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let mut url = Url::parse("https://github.com/rust-lang/rust").unwrap();
+    url.path_mut().unwrap().push("issues");
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let mut url = Url::parse("https://github.com/rust-lang/rust").unwrap();
+    url.path_segments_mut().unwrap().push("issues");
+    ```
+
+* The `domain_mut()` method on `url::Url` instances that allowed modification of a URL's domain
+  has been replaced by `set_host()` and `set_ip_host()`.
+
+* The `host()` method on `url::Url` instances used to return `Option<&Host>`;
+  now it returns `Option<Host<&str>>`.
+  The `serialize_host()` method that returned `Option<String>`
+  has been replaced by the `host_str()` method that returns `Option<&str>`.
+
+* The `serialize()` method on `url::Url` instances that returned `String`
+  has been replaced by an `as_str()` method that returns `&str`.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let this_document = Url::parse("http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(this_document.serialize(), "http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html".to_string());
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let this_document = Url::parse("http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(this_document.as_str(), "http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html");
+    ```
+
+* `url::UrlParser` has been replaced by `url::Url::parse()` and `url::Url::join()`.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let this_document = Url::parse("http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html").unwrap();
+    let css_url = UrlParser::new().base_url(&this_document).parse("../main.css").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(css_url.serialize(), "http://servo.github.io/rust-url/main.css".to_string());
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let this_document = Url::parse("http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html").unwrap();
+    let css_url = this_document.join("../main.css").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(css_url.as_str(), "http://servo.github.io/rust-url/main.css");
+    ```
+
+* `url::parse_path()` and `url::UrlParser::parse_path()` have been removed without replacement.
+  As a workaround, you can give a base URL that you then ignore too `url::Url::parse()`.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let (path, query, fragment) = url::parse_path("/foo/bar/../baz?q=42").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(path, vec!["foo".to_string(), "baz".to_string()]);
+    assert_eq!(query, Some("q=42".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(fragment, None);
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let base = Url::parse("http://example.com").unwrap();
+    let with_path = base.join("/foo/bar/../baz?q=42").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(with_path.path(), "/foo/baz");
+    assert_eq!(with_path.query(), Some("q=42"));
+    assert_eq!(with_path.fragment(), None);
+    ```
+
+* The `url::form_urlencoded::serialize()` method
+  has been replaced with the `url::form_urlencoded::Serializer` struct.
+  Instead of calling `serialize()` with key/value pairs,
+  create a new `Serializer` with a new string,
+  call the `extend_pairs()` method on the `Serializer` instance with the key/value pairs as the argument,
+  then call `finish()`.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let form = url::form_urlencoded::serialize(form.iter().map(|(k, v)| {
+        (&k[..], &v[..])
+    }));
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let form = url::form_urlencoded::Serializer::new(String::new()).extend_pairs(
+        form.iter().map(|(k, v)| { (&k[..], &v[..]) })
+    ).finish();
+    ```
+
+* The `set_query_from_pairs()` method on `url::Url` instances that took key/value pairs
+  has been replaced with `query_pairs_mut()`, which allows you to modify the `url::Url`'s query pairs.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let mut url = Url::parse("https://duckduckgo.com/").unwrap();
+    let pairs = vec![
+        ("q", "test"),
+        ("ia", "images"),
+    ];
+    url.set_query_from_pairs(pairs.iter().map(|&(k, v)| {
+        (&k[..], &v[..])
+    }));
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let mut url = Url::parse("https://duckduckgo.com/").unwrap();
+    let pairs = vec![
+        ("q", "test"),
+        ("ia", "images"),
+    ];
+    url.query_pairs_mut().clear().extend_pairs(
+      pairs.iter().map(|&(k, v)| { (&k[..], &v[..]) })
+    );
+    ```
+
+* `url::SchemeData`, its variants `Relative` and `NonRelative`,
+  and the struct `url::RelativeSchemeData` have been removed.
+  Instead of matching on these variants
+  to determine if you have a URL in a relative scheme such as HTTP
+  versus a URL in a non-relative scheme as data,
+  use the `cannot_be_a_base()` method to determine which kind you have.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    match url.scheme_data {
+        url::SchemeData::Relative(..) => {}
+        url::SchemeData::NonRelative(..) => {
+            return Err(human(format!("`{}` must have relative scheme \
+                                      data: {}", field, url)))
+        }
+    }
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    if url.cannot_be_a_base() {
+        return Err(human(format!("`{}` must have relative scheme \
+                                  data: {}", field, url)))
+    }
+    ```
+
+* The functions `url::whatwg_scheme_type_mapper()`, the `SchemeType` enum,
+  and the `scheme_type_mapper()` method on `url::UrlParser` instances have been removed.
+  `SchemeType` had a method for getting the `default_port()`;
+  to replicate this functionality, use the method `port_or_known_default()` on `url::Url` instances.
+  The `port_or_default()` method on `url::Url` instances has been removed;
+  use `port_or_known_default()` instead.
+
+    Before upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let port = match whatwg_scheme_type_mapper(&url.scheme) {
+        SchemeType::Relative(port) => port,
+        _ => return Err(format!("Invalid special scheme: `{}`",
+                                raw_url.scheme)),
+    };
+    ```
+
+    After upgrading:
+
+    ```rust
+    let port = match url.port_or_known_default() {
+        Some(port) => port,
+        _ => return Err(format!("Invalid special scheme: `{}`",
+                                url.scheme())),
+    };
+    ```
+
+* The following formatting utilities have been removed without replacement;
+  look at their linked previous implementations
+  if you would like to replicate the functionality in your code:
+  * [`url::format::PathFormatter`](https://github.com/servo/rust-url/pull/176/commits/9e759f18726c8e1343162922b87163d4dd08fe3c#diff-0bb16ac13b75e9b568fa4aff61b0e71dL24)
+  * [`url::format::UserInfoFormatter`](https://github.com/servo/rust-url/pull/176/commits/9e759f18726c8e1343162922b87163d4dd08fe3c#diff-0bb16ac13b75e9b568fa4aff61b0e71dL50)
+  * [`url::format::UrlNoFragmentFormatter`](https://github.com/servo/rust-url/pull/176/commits/9e759f18726c8e1343162922b87163d4dd08fe3c#diff-0bb16ac13b75e9b568fa4aff61b0e71dL70)
+
+* `url::percent_encoding::percent_decode()` used to have a return type of `Vec<u8>`;
+  now it returns an iterator of decoded `u8` bytes that also implements `Into<Cow<u8>>`.
+  Use `.into().to_owned()` to obtain a `Vec<u8>`.
+  (`.collect()` also works but might not be as efficient.)
+
+* The `url::percent_encoding::EncodeSet` struct and constant instances
+  used with `url::percent_encoding::percent_encode()`
+  have been changed to structs that implement the trait `url::percent_encoding::EncodeSet`.
+  * `SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET`, `QUERY_ENCODE_SET`, `DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET`,
+    and `USERINFO_ENCODE_SET` have the same behavior.
+  * `USERNAME_ENCODE_SET` and `PASSWORD_ENCODE_SET` have been removed;
+    use `USERINFO_ENCODE_SET` instead.
+  * `HTTP_VALUE_ENCODE_SET` has been removed;
+    an implementation of it in the new types can be found [in hyper's source](
+    https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/blob/67436c5bf615cf5a55a71e32b788afef5985570e/src/header/parsing.rs#L131-L138)
+    if you need to replicate this functionality in your code.
+  * `FORM_URLENCODED_ENCODE_SET` has been removed;
+    instead, use the functionality in `url::form_urlencoded`.
+  * `PATH_SEGMENT_ENCODE_SET` has been added for use on '/'-separated path segments.
+
+* `url::percent_encoding::percent_decode_to()` has been removed.
+  Use `url::percent_encoding::percent_decode()` which returns an iterator.
+  You can then use the iterator’s `collect()` method
+  or give it to some data structure’s `extend()` method.
+* A number of `ParseError` variants have changed.
+  [See the documentation for the current set](http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/enum.ParseError.html).
+* `url::OpaqueOrigin::new()` and `url::Origin::UID(OpaqueOrigin)`
+  have been replaced by `url::Origin::new_opaque()` and `url::Origin::Opaque(OpaqueOrigin)`, respectively.
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/appveyor.yml b/third_party/rust/url/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5819d38b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+install:
+  - ps: Start-FileDownload 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-nightly-i686-pc-windows-gnu.exe'
+  - rust-nightly-i686-pc-windows-gnu.exe /VERYSILENT /NORESTART /DIR="C:\Program Files (x86)\Rust"
+  - SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files (x86)\Rust\bin
+  - rustc -V
+  - cargo -V
+  - git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+build: false
+
+test_script:
+  - cargo build
+  - cargo test --verbose
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/benches/parse_url.rs b/third_party/rust/url/benches/parse_url.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6ac3c402f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/benches/parse_url.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate bencher;
+
+extern crate url;
+
+use bencher::{black_box, Bencher};
+
+use url::Url;
+
+fn short(bench: &mut Bencher) {
+    let url = "https://example.com/bench";
+
+    bench.bytes = url.len() as u64;
+    bench.iter(|| black_box(url).parse::<Url>().unwrap());
+}
+
+benchmark_group!(benches, short);
+benchmark_main!(benches);
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/form_urlencoded.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/form_urlencoded.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b97f35d25a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/form_urlencoded.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+// Copyright 2013-2016 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Parser and serializer for the [`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax](
+//! http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#application/x-www-form-urlencoded),
+//! as used by HTML forms.
+//!
+//! Converts between a string (such as an URL’s query string)
+//! and a sequence of (name, value) pairs.
+
+use percent_encoding::{percent_decode, percent_encode_byte};
+use query_encoding::{self, decode_utf8_lossy, EncodingOverride};
+use std::borrow::{Borrow, Cow};
+use std::str;
+
+/// Convert a byte string in the `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax
+/// into a iterator of (name, value) pairs.
+///
+/// Use `parse(input.as_bytes())` to parse a `&str` string.
+///
+/// The names and values are percent-decoded. For instance, `%23first=%25try%25` will be
+/// converted to `[("#first", "%try%")]`.
+#[inline]
+pub fn parse(input: &[u8]) -> Parse {
+    Parse { input }
+}
+/// The return type of `parse()`.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Parse<'a> {
+    input: &'a [u8],
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for Parse<'a> {
+    type Item = (Cow<'a, str>, Cow<'a, str>);
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        loop {
+            if self.input.is_empty() {
+                return None;
+            }
+            let mut split2 = self.input.splitn(2, |&b| b == b'&');
+            let sequence = split2.next().unwrap();
+            self.input = split2.next().unwrap_or(&[][..]);
+            if sequence.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let mut split2 = sequence.splitn(2, |&b| b == b'=');
+            let name = split2.next().unwrap();
+            let value = split2.next().unwrap_or(&[][..]);
+            return Some((decode(name), decode(value)));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn decode(input: &[u8]) -> Cow<str> {
+    let replaced = replace_plus(input);
+    decode_utf8_lossy(match percent_decode(&replaced).into() {
+        Cow::Owned(vec) => Cow::Owned(vec),
+        Cow::Borrowed(_) => replaced,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Replace b'+' with b' '
+fn replace_plus(input: &[u8]) -> Cow<[u8]> {
+    match input.iter().position(|&b| b == b'+') {
+        None => Cow::Borrowed(input),
+        Some(first_position) => {
+            let mut replaced = input.to_owned();
+            replaced[first_position] = b' ';
+            for byte in &mut replaced[first_position + 1..] {
+                if *byte == b'+' {
+                    *byte = b' ';
+                }
+            }
+            Cow::Owned(replaced)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Parse<'a> {
+    /// Return a new iterator that yields pairs of `String` instead of pairs of `Cow<str>`.
+    pub fn into_owned(self) -> ParseIntoOwned<'a> {
+        ParseIntoOwned { inner: self }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Like `Parse`, but yields pairs of `String` instead of pairs of `Cow<str>`.
+pub struct ParseIntoOwned<'a> {
+    inner: Parse<'a>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for ParseIntoOwned<'a> {
+    type Item = (String, String);
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        self.inner
+            .next()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (k.into_owned(), v.into_owned()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// The [`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` byte serializer](
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-urlencoded-byte-serializer).
+///
+/// Return an iterator of `&str` slices.
+pub fn byte_serialize(input: &[u8]) -> ByteSerialize {
+    ByteSerialize { bytes: input }
+}
+
+/// Return value of `byte_serialize()`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ByteSerialize<'a> {
+    bytes: &'a [u8],
+}
+
+fn byte_serialized_unchanged(byte: u8) -> bool {
+    matches!(byte, b'*' | b'-' | b'.' | b'0' ..= b'9' | b'A' ..= b'Z' | b'_' | b'a' ..= b'z')
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for ByteSerialize<'a> {
+    type Item = &'a str;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        if let Some((&first, tail)) = self.bytes.split_first() {
+            if !byte_serialized_unchanged(first) {
+                self.bytes = tail;
+                return Some(if first == b' ' {
+                    "+"
+                } else {
+                    percent_encode_byte(first)
+                });
+            }
+            let position = tail.iter().position(|&b| !byte_serialized_unchanged(b));
+            let (unchanged_slice, remaining) = match position {
+                // 1 for first_byte + i unchanged in tail
+                Some(i) => self.bytes.split_at(1 + i),
+                None => (self.bytes, &[][..]),
+            };
+            self.bytes = remaining;
+            Some(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(unchanged_slice) })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        if self.bytes.is_empty() {
+            (0, Some(0))
+        } else {
+            (1, Some(self.bytes.len()))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The [`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` serializer](
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-urlencoded-serializer).
+pub struct Serializer<'a, T: Target> {
+    target: Option<T>,
+    start_position: usize,
+    encoding: EncodingOverride<'a>,
+}
+
+pub trait Target {
+    fn as_mut_string(&mut self) -> &mut String;
+    fn finish(self) -> Self::Finished;
+    type Finished;
+}
+
+impl Target for String {
+    fn as_mut_string(&mut self) -> &mut String {
+        self
+    }
+    fn finish(self) -> Self {
+        self
+    }
+    type Finished = Self;
+}
+
+impl<'a> Target for &'a mut String {
+    fn as_mut_string(&mut self) -> &mut String {
+        &mut **self
+    }
+    fn finish(self) -> Self {
+        self
+    }
+    type Finished = Self;
+}
+
+// `as_mut_string` string here exposes the internal serialization of an `Url`,
+// which should not be exposed to users.
+// We achieve that by not giving users direct access to `UrlQuery`:
+// * Its fields are private
+//   (and so can not be constructed with struct literal syntax outside of this crate),
+// * It has no constructor
+// * It is only visible (on the type level) to users in the return type of
+//   `Url::query_pairs_mut` which is `Serializer<UrlQuery>`
+// * `Serializer` keeps its target in a private field
+// * Unlike in other `Target` impls, `UrlQuery::finished` does not return `Self`.
+impl<'a> Target for ::UrlQuery<'a> {
+    fn as_mut_string(&mut self) -> &mut String {
+        &mut self.url.as_mut().unwrap().serialization
+    }
+
+    fn finish(mut self) -> &'a mut ::Url {
+        let url = self.url.take().unwrap();
+        url.restore_already_parsed_fragment(self.fragment.take());
+        url
+    }
+
+    type Finished = &'a mut ::Url;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: Target> Serializer<'a, T> {
+    /// Create a new `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` serializer for the given target.
+    ///
+    /// If the target is non-empty,
+    /// its content is assumed to already be in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax.
+    pub fn new(target: T) -> Self {
+        Self::for_suffix(target, 0)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` serializer
+    /// for a suffix of the given target.
+    ///
+    /// If that suffix is non-empty,
+    /// its content is assumed to already be in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax.
+    pub fn for_suffix(mut target: T, start_position: usize) -> Self {
+        &target.as_mut_string()[start_position..]; // Panic if out of bounds
+        Serializer {
+            target: Some(target),
+            start_position,
+            encoding: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Remove any existing name/value pair.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if called after `.finish()`.
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        string(&mut self.target).truncate(self.start_position);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the character encoding to be used for names and values before percent-encoding.
+    pub fn encoding_override(&mut self, new: EncodingOverride<'a>) -> &mut Self {
+        self.encoding = new;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Serialize and append a name/value pair.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if called after `.finish()`.
+    pub fn append_pair(&mut self, name: &str, value: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        append_pair(
+            string(&mut self.target),
+            self.start_position,
+            self.encoding,
+            name,
+            value,
+        );
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Serialize and append a number of name/value pairs.
+    ///
+    /// This simply calls `append_pair` repeatedly.
+    /// This can be more convenient, so the user doesn’t need to introduce a block
+    /// to limit the scope of `Serializer`’s borrow of its string.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if called after `.finish()`.
+    pub fn extend_pairs<I, K, V>(&mut self, iter: I) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator,
+        I::Item: Borrow<(K, V)>,
+        K: AsRef<str>,
+        V: AsRef<str>,
+    {
+        {
+            let string = string(&mut self.target);
+            for pair in iter {
+                let &(ref k, ref v) = pair.borrow();
+                append_pair(
+                    string,
+                    self.start_position,
+                    self.encoding,
+                    k.as_ref(),
+                    v.as_ref(),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// If this serializer was constructed with a string, take and return that string.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::form_urlencoded;
+    /// let encoded: String = form_urlencoded::Serializer::new(String::new())
+    ///     .append_pair("foo", "bar & baz")
+    ///     .append_pair("saison", "Été+hiver")
+    ///     .finish();
+    /// assert_eq!(encoded, "foo=bar+%26+baz&saison=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Panics if called more than once.
+    pub fn finish(&mut self) -> T::Finished {
+        self.target
+            .take()
+            .expect("url::form_urlencoded::Serializer double finish")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+fn append_separator_if_needed(string: &mut String, start_position: usize) {
+    if string.len() > start_position {
+        string.push('&')
+    }
+}
+
+fn string<T: Target>(target: &mut Option<T>) -> &mut String {
+    target
+        .as_mut()
+        .expect("url::form_urlencoded::Serializer finished")
+        .as_mut_string()
+}
+
+fn append_pair(
+    string: &mut String,
+    start_position: usize,
+    encoding: EncodingOverride,
+    name: &str,
+    value: &str,
+) {
+    append_separator_if_needed(string, start_position);
+    append_encoded(name, string, encoding);
+    string.push('=');
+    append_encoded(value, string, encoding);
+}
+
+fn append_encoded(s: &str, string: &mut String, encoding: EncodingOverride) {
+    string.extend(byte_serialize(&query_encoding::encode(encoding, s.into())))
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/host.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/host.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9afc6d8e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/host.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+// Copyright 2013-2016 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use idna;
+use parser::{ParseError, ParseResult};
+use percent_encoding::{percent_decode, utf8_percent_encode, CONTROLS};
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::cmp;
+use std::fmt::{self, Formatter};
+use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
+
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Deserialize, Serialize))]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum HostInternal {
+    None,
+    Domain,
+    Ipv4(Ipv4Addr),
+    Ipv6(Ipv6Addr),
+}
+
+impl<S> From<Host<S>> for HostInternal {
+    fn from(host: Host<S>) -> HostInternal {
+        match host {
+            Host::Domain(_) => HostInternal::Domain,
+            Host::Ipv4(address) => HostInternal::Ipv4(address),
+            Host::Ipv6(address) => HostInternal::Ipv6(address),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The host name of an URL.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Deserialize, Serialize))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
+pub enum Host<S = String> {
+    /// A DNS domain name, as '.' dot-separated labels.
+    /// Non-ASCII labels are encoded in punycode per IDNA if this is the host of
+    /// a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. Hosts for
+    /// non-special URLs are also called opaque hosts.
+    Domain(S),
+
+    /// An IPv4 address.
+    /// `Url::host_str` returns the serialization of this address,
+    /// as four decimal integers separated by `.` dots.
+    Ipv4(Ipv4Addr),
+
+    /// An IPv6 address.
+    /// `Url::host_str` returns the serialization of that address between `[` and `]` brackets,
+    /// in the format per [RFC 5952 *A Recommendation
+    /// for IPv6 Address Text Representation*](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952):
+    /// lowercase hexadecimal with maximal `::` compression.
+    Ipv6(Ipv6Addr),
+}
+
+impl<'a> Host<&'a str> {
+    /// Return a copy of `self` that owns an allocated `String` but does not borrow an `&Url`.
+    pub fn to_owned(&self) -> Host<String> {
+        match *self {
+            Host::Domain(domain) => Host::Domain(domain.to_owned()),
+            Host::Ipv4(address) => Host::Ipv4(address),
+            Host::Ipv6(address) => Host::Ipv6(address),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Host<String> {
+    /// Parse a host: either an IPv6 address in [] square brackets, or a domain.
+    ///
+    /// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#host-parsing>
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+        if input.starts_with('[') {
+            if !input.ends_with(']') {
+                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+            }
+            return parse_ipv6addr(&input[1..input.len() - 1]).map(Host::Ipv6);
+        }
+        let domain = percent_decode(input.as_bytes()).decode_utf8_lossy();
+        let domain = idna::domain_to_ascii(&domain)?;
+        if domain
+            .find(|c| {
+                matches!(
+                    c,
+                    '\0' | '\t'
+                        | '\n'
+                        | '\r'
+                        | ' '
+                        | '#'
+                        | '%'
+                        | '/'
+                        | ':'
+                        | '?'
+                        | '@'
+                        | '['
+                        | '\\'
+                        | ']'
+                )
+            })
+            .is_some()
+        {
+            return Err(ParseError::InvalidDomainCharacter);
+        }
+        if let Some(address) = parse_ipv4addr(&domain)? {
+            Ok(Host::Ipv4(address))
+        } else {
+            Ok(Host::Domain(domain.into()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    // <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-opaque-host-parser>
+    pub fn parse_opaque(input: &str) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+        if input.starts_with('[') {
+            if !input.ends_with(']') {
+                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+            }
+            return parse_ipv6addr(&input[1..input.len() - 1]).map(Host::Ipv6);
+        }
+        if input
+            .find(|c| {
+                matches!(
+                    c,
+                    '\0' | '\t'
+                        | '\n'
+                        | '\r'
+                        | ' '
+                        | '#'
+                        | '/'
+                        | ':'
+                        | '?'
+                        | '@'
+                        | '['
+                        | '\\'
+                        | ']'
+                )
+            })
+            .is_some()
+        {
+            return Err(ParseError::InvalidDomainCharacter);
+        }
+        let s = utf8_percent_encode(input, CONTROLS).to_string();
+        Ok(Host::Domain(s))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: AsRef<str>> fmt::Display for Host<S> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Host::Domain(ref domain) => domain.as_ref().fmt(f),
+            Host::Ipv4(ref addr) => addr.fmt(f),
+            Host::Ipv6(ref addr) => {
+                f.write_str("[")?;
+                write_ipv6(addr, f)?;
+                f.write_str("]")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_ipv6(addr: &Ipv6Addr, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    let segments = addr.segments();
+    let (compress_start, compress_end) = longest_zero_sequence(&segments);
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < 8 {
+        if i == compress_start {
+            f.write_str(":")?;
+            if i == 0 {
+                f.write_str(":")?;
+            }
+            if compress_end < 8 {
+                i = compress_end;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        write!(f, "{:x}", segments[i as usize])?;
+        if i < 7 {
+            f.write_str(":")?;
+        }
+        i += 1;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-serializer step 2 and 3
+fn longest_zero_sequence(pieces: &[u16; 8]) -> (isize, isize) {
+    let mut longest = -1;
+    let mut longest_length = -1;
+    let mut start = -1;
+    macro_rules! finish_sequence(
+        ($end: expr) => {
+            if start >= 0 {
+                let length = $end - start;
+                if length > longest_length {
+                    longest = start;
+                    longest_length = length;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    );
+    for i in 0..8 {
+        if pieces[i as usize] == 0 {
+            if start < 0 {
+                start = i;
+            }
+        } else {
+            finish_sequence!(i);
+            start = -1;
+        }
+    }
+    finish_sequence!(8);
+    // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-serializer
+    // step 3: ignore lone zeroes
+    if longest_length < 2 {
+        (-1, -2)
+    } else {
+        (longest, longest + longest_length)
+    }
+}
+
+/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#ipv4-number-parser>
+fn parse_ipv4number(mut input: &str) -> Result<Option<u32>, ()> {
+    let mut r = 10;
+    if input.starts_with("0x") || input.starts_with("0X") {
+        input = &input[2..];
+        r = 16;
+    } else if input.len() >= 2 && input.starts_with('0') {
+        input = &input[1..];
+        r = 8;
+    }
+
+    // At the moment we can't know the reason why from_str_radix fails
+    // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/22639
+    // So instead we check if the input looks like a real number and only return
+    // an error when it's an overflow.
+    let valid_number = match r {
+        8 => input.chars().all(|c| c >= '0' && c <= '7'),
+        10 => input.chars().all(|c| c >= '0' && c <= '9'),
+        16 => input
+            .chars()
+            .all(|c| (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')),
+        _ => false,
+    };
+
+    if !valid_number {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+
+    if input.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Some(0));
+    }
+    if input.starts_with('+') {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    match u32::from_str_radix(input, r) {
+        Ok(number) => Ok(Some(number)),
+        Err(_) => Err(()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv4-parser>
+fn parse_ipv4addr(input: &str) -> ParseResult<Option<Ipv4Addr>> {
+    if input.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    let mut parts: Vec<&str> = input.split('.').collect();
+    if parts.last() == Some(&"") {
+        parts.pop();
+    }
+    if parts.len() > 4 {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    let mut numbers: Vec<u32> = Vec::new();
+    let mut overflow = false;
+    for part in parts {
+        if part == "" {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        match parse_ipv4number(part) {
+            Ok(Some(n)) => numbers.push(n),
+            Ok(None) => return Ok(None),
+            Err(()) => overflow = true,
+        };
+    }
+    if overflow {
+        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address);
+    }
+    let mut ipv4 = numbers.pop().expect("a non-empty list of numbers");
+    // Equivalent to: ipv4 >= 256 ** (4 − numbers.len())
+    if ipv4 > u32::max_value() >> (8 * numbers.len() as u32) {
+        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address);
+    }
+    if numbers.iter().any(|x| *x > 255) {
+        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address);
+    }
+    for (counter, n) in numbers.iter().enumerate() {
+        ipv4 += n << (8 * (3 - counter as u32))
+    }
+    Ok(Some(Ipv4Addr::from(ipv4)))
+}
+
+/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-parser>
+fn parse_ipv6addr(input: &str) -> ParseResult<Ipv6Addr> {
+    let input = input.as_bytes();
+    let len = input.len();
+    let mut is_ip_v4 = false;
+    let mut pieces = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+    let mut piece_pointer = 0;
+    let mut compress_pointer = None;
+    let mut i = 0;
+
+    if len < 2 {
+        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+    }
+
+    if input[0] == b':' {
+        if input[1] != b':' {
+            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+        }
+        i = 2;
+        piece_pointer = 1;
+        compress_pointer = Some(1);
+    }
+
+    while i < len {
+        if piece_pointer == 8 {
+            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+        }
+        if input[i] == b':' {
+            if compress_pointer.is_some() {
+                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+            }
+            i += 1;
+            piece_pointer += 1;
+            compress_pointer = Some(piece_pointer);
+            continue;
+        }
+        let start = i;
+        let end = cmp::min(len, start + 4);
+        let mut value = 0u16;
+        while i < end {
+            match (input[i] as char).to_digit(16) {
+                Some(digit) => {
+                    value = value * 0x10 + digit as u16;
+                    i += 1;
+                }
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+        if i < len {
+            match input[i] {
+                b'.' => {
+                    if i == start {
+                        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+                    }
+                    i = start;
+                    if piece_pointer > 6 {
+                        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+                    }
+                    is_ip_v4 = true;
+                }
+                b':' => {
+                    i += 1;
+                    if i == len {
+                        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address),
+            }
+        }
+        if is_ip_v4 {
+            break;
+        }
+        pieces[piece_pointer] = value;
+        piece_pointer += 1;
+    }
+
+    if is_ip_v4 {
+        if piece_pointer > 6 {
+            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+        }
+        let mut numbers_seen = 0;
+        while i < len {
+            if numbers_seen > 0 {
+                if numbers_seen < 4 && (i < len && input[i] == b'.') {
+                    i += 1
+                } else {
+                    return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut ipv4_piece = None;
+            while i < len {
+                let digit = match input[i] {
+                    c @ b'0'..=b'9' => c - b'0',
+                    _ => break,
+                };
+                match ipv4_piece {
+                    None => ipv4_piece = Some(digit as u16),
+                    Some(0) => return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address), // No leading zero
+                    Some(ref mut v) => {
+                        *v = *v * 10 + digit as u16;
+                        if *v > 255 {
+                            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                i += 1;
+            }
+
+            pieces[piece_pointer] = if let Some(v) = ipv4_piece {
+                pieces[piece_pointer] * 0x100 + v
+            } else {
+                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+            };
+            numbers_seen += 1;
+
+            if numbers_seen == 2 || numbers_seen == 4 {
+                piece_pointer += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if numbers_seen != 4 {
+            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if i < len {
+        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+    }
+
+    match compress_pointer {
+        Some(compress_pointer) => {
+            let mut swaps = piece_pointer - compress_pointer;
+            piece_pointer = 7;
+            while swaps > 0 {
+                pieces.swap(piece_pointer, compress_pointer + swaps - 1);
+                swaps -= 1;
+                piece_pointer -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            if piece_pointer != 8 {
+                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(Ipv6Addr::new(
+        pieces[0], pieces[1], pieces[2], pieces[3], pieces[4], pieces[5], pieces[6], pieces[7],
+    ))
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/lib.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d60935c29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2553 @@
+// Copyright 2013-2015 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+/*!
+
+rust-url is an implementation of the [URL Standard](http://url.spec.whatwg.org/)
+for the [Rust](http://rust-lang.org/) programming language.
+
+
+# URL parsing and data structures
+
+First, URL parsing may fail for various reasons and therefore returns a `Result`.
+
+```
+use url::{Url, ParseError};
+
+assert!(Url::parse("http://[:::1]") == Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address))
+```
+
+Let’s parse a valid URL and look at its components.
+
+```
+use url::{Url, Host, Position};
+# use url::ParseError;
+# fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+let issue_list_url = Url::parse(
+    "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open"
+)?;
+
+
+assert!(issue_list_url.scheme() == "https");
+assert!(issue_list_url.username() == "");
+assert!(issue_list_url.password() == None);
+assert!(issue_list_url.host_str() == Some("github.com"));
+assert!(issue_list_url.host() == Some(Host::Domain("github.com")));
+assert!(issue_list_url.port() == None);
+assert!(issue_list_url.path() == "/rust-lang/rust/issues");
+assert!(issue_list_url.path_segments().map(|c| c.collect::<Vec<_>>()) ==
+        Some(vec!["rust-lang", "rust", "issues"]));
+assert!(issue_list_url.query() == Some("labels=E-easy&state=open"));
+assert!(&issue_list_url[Position::BeforePath..] == "/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open");
+assert!(issue_list_url.fragment() == None);
+assert!(!issue_list_url.cannot_be_a_base());
+# Ok(())
+# }
+# run().unwrap();
+```
+
+Some URLs are said to be *cannot-be-a-base*:
+they don’t have a username, password, host, or port,
+and their "path" is an arbitrary string rather than slash-separated segments:
+
+```
+use url::Url;
+# use url::ParseError;
+
+# fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+let data_url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Hello?World#")?;
+
+assert!(data_url.cannot_be_a_base());
+assert!(data_url.scheme() == "data");
+assert!(data_url.path() == "text/plain,Hello");
+assert!(data_url.path_segments().is_none());
+assert!(data_url.query() == Some("World"));
+assert!(data_url.fragment() == Some(""));
+# Ok(())
+# }
+# run().unwrap();
+```
+
+
+# Base URL
+
+Many contexts allow URL *references* that can be relative to a *base URL*:
+
+```html
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../main.css">
+```
+
+Since parsed URLs are absolute, giving a base is required for parsing relative URLs:
+
+```
+use url::{Url, ParseError};
+
+assert!(Url::parse("../main.css") == Err(ParseError::RelativeUrlWithoutBase))
+```
+
+Use the `join` method on an `Url` to use it as a base URL:
+
+```
+use url::Url;
+# use url::ParseError;
+
+# fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+let this_document = Url::parse("http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html")?;
+let css_url = this_document.join("../main.css")?;
+assert_eq!(css_url.as_str(), "http://servo.github.io/rust-url/main.css");
+# Ok(())
+# }
+# run().unwrap();
+*/
+
+#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/url/2.0.0")]
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate matches;
+extern crate idna;
+extern crate percent_encoding;
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+extern crate serde;
+
+use host::HostInternal;
+use parser::{to_u32, Context, Parser, SchemeType, PATH_SEGMENT, USERINFO};
+use percent_encoding::{percent_decode, percent_encode, utf8_percent_encode};
+use std::borrow::Borrow;
+use std::cmp;
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fmt::{self, Write};
+use std::hash;
+use std::io;
+use std::mem;
+use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs};
+use std::ops::{Range, RangeFrom, RangeTo};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::str;
+
+pub use host::Host;
+pub use origin::{OpaqueOrigin, Origin};
+pub use parser::{ParseError, SyntaxViolation};
+pub use path_segments::PathSegmentsMut;
+pub use query_encoding::EncodingOverride;
+pub use slicing::Position;
+
+mod host;
+mod origin;
+mod parser;
+mod path_segments;
+mod query_encoding;
+mod slicing;
+
+pub mod form_urlencoded;
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod quirks;
+
+/// A parsed URL record.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Url {
+    /// Syntax in pseudo-BNF:
+    ///
+    ///   url = scheme ":" [ hierarchical | non-hierarchical ] [ "?" query ]? [ "#" fragment ]?
+    ///   non-hierarchical = non-hierarchical-path
+    ///   non-hierarchical-path = /* Does not start with "/" */
+    ///   hierarchical = authority? hierarchical-path
+    ///   authority = "//" userinfo? host [ ":" port ]?
+    ///   userinfo = username [ ":" password ]? "@"
+    ///   hierarchical-path = [ "/" path-segment ]+
+    serialization: String,
+
+    // Components
+    scheme_end: u32,   // Before ':'
+    username_end: u32, // Before ':' (if a password is given) or '@' (if not)
+    host_start: u32,
+    host_end: u32,
+    host: HostInternal,
+    port: Option<u16>,
+    path_start: u32,             // Before initial '/', if any
+    query_start: Option<u32>,    // Before '?', unlike Position::QueryStart
+    fragment_start: Option<u32>, // Before '#', unlike Position::FragmentStart
+}
+
+/// Full configuration for the URL parser.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct ParseOptions<'a> {
+    base_url: Option<&'a Url>,
+    encoding_override: EncodingOverride<'a>,
+    violation_fn: Option<&'a dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> ParseOptions<'a> {
+    /// Change the base URL
+    pub fn base_url(mut self, new: Option<&'a Url>) -> Self {
+        self.base_url = new;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Override the character encoding of query strings.
+    /// This is a legacy concept only relevant for HTML.
+    pub fn encoding_override(mut self, new: EncodingOverride<'a>) -> Self {
+        self.encoding_override = new;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Call the provided function or closure for a non-fatal `SyntaxViolation`
+    /// when it occurs during parsing. Note that since the provided function is
+    /// `Fn`, the caller might need to utilize _interior mutability_, such as with
+    /// a `RefCell`, to collect the violations.
+    ///
+    /// ## Example
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::cell::RefCell;
+    /// use url::{Url, SyntaxViolation};
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), url::ParseError> {
+    /// let violations = RefCell::new(Vec::new());
+    /// let url = Url::options()
+    ///     .syntax_violation_callback(Some(&|v| violations.borrow_mut().push(v)))
+    ///     .parse("https:////example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/");
+    /// assert_eq!(violations.into_inner(),
+    ///            vec!(SyntaxViolation::ExpectedDoubleSlash));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn syntax_violation_callback(mut self, new: Option<&'a dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>) -> Self {
+        self.violation_fn = new;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Parse an URL string with the configuration so far.
+    pub fn parse(self, input: &str) -> Result<Url, ::ParseError> {
+        Parser {
+            serialization: String::with_capacity(input.len()),
+            base_url: self.base_url,
+            query_encoding_override: self.encoding_override,
+            violation_fn: self.violation_fn,
+            context: Context::UrlParser,
+        }
+        .parse_url(input)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Url {
+    /// Parse an absolute URL from a string.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string,
+    /// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Url, ::ParseError> {
+        Url::options().parse(input)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse an absolute URL from a string and add params to its query string.
+    ///
+    /// Existing params are not removed.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse_with_params("https://example.net?dont=clobberme",
+    ///                                  &[("lang", "rust"), ("browser", "servo")])?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string,
+    /// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn parse_with_params<I, K, V>(input: &str, iter: I) -> Result<Url, ::ParseError>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator,
+        I::Item: Borrow<(K, V)>,
+        K: AsRef<str>,
+        V: AsRef<str>,
+    {
+        let mut url = Url::options().parse(input);
+
+        if let Ok(ref mut url) = url {
+            url.query_pairs_mut().extend_pairs(iter);
+        }
+
+        url
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a string as an URL, with this URL as the base URL.
+    ///
+    /// Note: a trailing slash is significant.
+    /// Without it, the last path component is considered to be a “file” name
+    /// to be removed to get at the “directory” that is used as the base:
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html")?;
+    /// let url = base.join("c.png")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/c.png");  // Not /a/b.html/c.png
+    ///
+    /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?;
+    /// let url = base.join("c.png")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/b/c.png");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If the function can not parse an URL from the given string
+    /// with this URL as the base URL, a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn join(&self, input: &str) -> Result<Url, ::ParseError> {
+        Url::options().base_url(Some(self)).parse(input)
+    }
+
+    /// Return a default `ParseOptions` that can fully configure the URL parser.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Get default `ParseOptions`, then change base url
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let options = Url::options();
+    /// let api = Url::parse("https://api.example.com")?;
+    /// let base_url = options.base_url(Some(&api));
+    /// let version_url = base_url.parse("version.json")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(version_url.as_str(), "https://api.example.com/version.json");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn options<'a>() -> ParseOptions<'a> {
+        ParseOptions {
+            base_url: None,
+            encoding_override: None,
+            violation_fn: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the serialization of this URL.
+    ///
+    /// This is fast since that serialization is already stored in the `Url` struct.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url_str = "https://example.net/";
+    /// let url = Url::parse(url_str)?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), url_str);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.serialization
+    }
+
+    /// Return the serialization of this URL.
+    ///
+    /// This consumes the `Url` and takes ownership of the `String` stored in it.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url_str = "https://example.net/";
+    /// let url = Url::parse(url_str)?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.into_string(), url_str);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn into_string(self) -> String {
+        self.serialization
+    }
+
+    /// For internal testing, not part of the public API.
+    ///
+    /// Methods of the `Url` struct assume a number of invariants.
+    /// This checks each of these invariants and panic if one is not met.
+    /// This is for testing rust-url itself.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn check_invariants(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        macro_rules! assert {
+            ($x: expr) => {
+                if !$x {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "!( {} ) for URL {:?}",
+                        stringify!($x),
+                        self.serialization
+                    ));
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        macro_rules! assert_eq {
+            ($a: expr, $b: expr) => {
+                {
+                    let a = $a;
+                    let b = $b;
+                    if a != b {
+                        return Err(format!("{:?} != {:?} ({} != {}) for URL {:?}",
+                                           a, b, stringify!($a), stringify!($b),
+                                           self.serialization))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        assert!(self.scheme_end >= 1);
+        assert!(matches!(self.byte_at(0), b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z'));
+        assert!(self
+            .slice(1..self.scheme_end)
+            .chars()
+            .all(|c| matches!(c, 'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '0'..='9' | '+' | '-' | '.')));
+        assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end), b':');
+
+        if self.slice(self.scheme_end + 1..).starts_with("//") {
+            // URL with authority
+            match self.byte_at(self.username_end) {
+                b':' => {
+                    assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end + 2);
+                    assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1), b'@');
+                }
+                b'@' => assert!(self.host_start == self.username_end + 1),
+                _ => assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 3),
+            }
+            assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end);
+            assert!(self.host_end >= self.host_start);
+            let host_str = self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end);
+            match self.host {
+                HostInternal::None => assert_eq!(host_str, ""),
+                HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => assert_eq!(host_str, address.to_string()),
+                HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => {
+                    let h: Host<String> = Host::Ipv6(address);
+                    assert_eq!(host_str, h.to_string())
+                }
+                HostInternal::Domain => {
+                    if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() {
+                        assert!(!host_str.is_empty())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if self.path_start == self.host_end {
+                assert_eq!(self.port, None);
+            } else {
+                assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_end), b':');
+                let port_str = self.slice(self.host_end + 1..self.path_start);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    self.port,
+                    Some(port_str.parse::<u16>().expect("Couldn't parse port?"))
+                );
+            }
+            assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.path_start), b'/');
+        } else {
+            // Anarchist URL (no authority)
+            assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 1);
+            assert_eq!(self.host_start, self.scheme_end + 1);
+            assert_eq!(self.host_end, self.scheme_end + 1);
+            assert_eq!(self.host, HostInternal::None);
+            assert_eq!(self.port, None);
+            assert_eq!(self.path_start, self.scheme_end + 1);
+        }
+        if let Some(start) = self.query_start {
+            assert!(start > self.path_start);
+            assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'?');
+        }
+        if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start {
+            assert!(start > self.path_start);
+            assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'#');
+        }
+        if let (Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) = (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
+            assert!(fragment_start > query_start);
+        }
+
+        let other = Url::parse(self.as_str()).expect("Failed to parse myself?");
+        assert_eq!(&self.serialization, &other.serialization);
+        assert_eq!(self.scheme_end, other.scheme_end);
+        assert_eq!(self.username_end, other.username_end);
+        assert_eq!(self.host_start, other.host_start);
+        assert_eq!(self.host_end, other.host_end);
+        assert!(
+            self.host == other.host ||
+                // XXX No host round-trips to empty host.
+                // See https://github.com/whatwg/url/issues/79
+                (self.host_str(), other.host_str()) == (None, Some(""))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(self.port, other.port);
+        assert_eq!(self.path_start, other.path_start);
+        assert_eq!(self.query_start, other.query_start);
+        assert_eq!(self.fragment_start, other.fragment_start);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Return the origin of this URL (<https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin>)
+    ///
+    /// Note: this returns an opaque origin for `file:` URLs, which causes
+    /// `url.origin() != url.origin()`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// URL with `ftp` scheme:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://example.com/foo")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.origin(),
+    ///            Origin::Tuple("ftp".into(),
+    ///                          Host::Domain("example.com".into()),
+    ///                          21));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// URL with `blob` scheme:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("blob:https://example.com/foo")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.origin(),
+    ///            Origin::Tuple("https".into(),
+    ///                          Host::Domain("example.com".into()),
+    ///                          443));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// URL with `file` scheme:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple());
+    ///
+    /// let other_url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?;
+    /// assert!(url.origin() != other_url.origin());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// URL with other scheme:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("foo:bar")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> Origin {
+        origin::url_origin(self)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the scheme of this URL, lower-cased, as an ASCII string without the ':' delimiter.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.scheme(), "file");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str {
+        self.slice(..self.scheme_end)
+    }
+
+    /// Return whether the URL has an 'authority',
+    /// which can contain a username, password, host, and port number.
+    ///
+    /// URLs that do *not* are either path-only like `unix:/run/foo.socket`
+    /// or cannot-be-a-base like `data:text/plain,Stuff`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
+    /// assert!(url.has_authority());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.has_authority());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.has_authority());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn has_authority(&self) -> bool {
+        debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':');
+        self.slice(self.scheme_end..).starts_with("://")
+    }
+
+    /// Return whether this URL is a cannot-be-a-base URL,
+    /// meaning that parsing a relative URL string with this URL as the base will return an error.
+    ///
+    /// This is the case if the scheme and `:` delimiter are not followed by a `/` slash,
+    /// as is typically the case of `data:` and `mailto:` URLs.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
+    /// assert!(url.cannot_be_a_base());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cannot_be_a_base(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.slice(self.path_start..).starts_with('/')
+    }
+
+    /// Return the username for this URL (typically the empty string)
+    /// as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.username(), "rms");
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.username(), "");
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.username(), "");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn username(&self) -> &str {
+        if self.has_authority() {
+            self.slice(self.scheme_end + ("://".len() as u32)..self.username_end)
+        } else {
+            ""
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the password for this URL, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms:secret123@example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123"));
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123"));
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.password(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.password(), None);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn password(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        // This ':' is not the one marking a port number since a host can not be empty.
+        // (Except for file: URLs, which do not have port numbers.)
+        if self.has_authority() && self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' {
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@');
+            Some(self.slice(self.username_end + 1..self.host_start - 1))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Equivalent to `url.host().is_some()`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
+    /// assert!(url.has_host());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.has_host());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
+    /// assert!(!url.has_host());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn has_host(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(self.host, HostInternal::None)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the string representation of the host (domain or IP address) for this URL, if any.
+    ///
+    /// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA.
+    /// IPv6 addresses are given between `[` and `]` brackets.
+    ///
+    /// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs
+    /// don’t have a host.
+    ///
+    /// See also the `host` method.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/index.html")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1"));
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("example.com"));
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn host_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        if self.has_host() {
+            Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the parsed representation of the host for this URL.
+    /// Non-ASCII domain labels are punycode-encoded per IDNA.
+    ///
+    /// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs
+    /// don’t have a host.
+    ///
+    /// See also the `host_str` method.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/index.html")?;
+    /// assert!(url.host().is_some());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
+    /// assert!(url.host().is_some());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
+    /// assert!(url.host().is_none());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
+    /// assert!(url.host().is_none());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn host(&self) -> Option<Host<&str>> {
+        match self.host {
+            HostInternal::None => None,
+            HostInternal::Domain => Some(Host::Domain(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end))),
+            HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => Some(Host::Ipv4(address)),
+            HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => Some(Host::Ipv6(address)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If this URL has a host and it is a domain name (not an IP address), return it.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.domain(), Some("example.com"));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match self.host {
+            HostInternal::Domain => Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end)),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the port number for this URL, if any.
+    ///
+    /// Note that default port numbers are never reflected by the serialization,
+    /// use the `port_or_known_default()` method if you want a default port number returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.port(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com:443/")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.port(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("ssh://example.com:22")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.port(), Some(22));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.port
+    }
+
+    /// Return the port number for this URL, or the default port number if it is known.
+    ///
+    /// This method only knows the default port number
+    /// of the `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss`, `ftp`, and `gopher` schemes.
+    ///
+    /// For URLs in these schemes, this method always returns `Some(_)`.
+    /// For other schemes, it is the same as `Url::port()`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com:1456")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(1456));
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(443));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn port_or_known_default(&self) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.port.or_else(|| parser::default_port(self.scheme()))
+    }
+
+    /// Resolve a URL’s host and port number to `SocketAddr`.
+    ///
+    /// If the URL has the default port number of a scheme that is unknown to this library,
+    /// `default_port_number` provides an opportunity to provide the actual port number.
+    /// In non-example code this should be implemented either simply as `|| None`,
+    /// or by matching on the URL’s `.scheme()`.
+    ///
+    /// If the host is a domain, it is resolved using the standard library’s DNS support.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// let url = url::Url::parse("https://example.net/").unwrap();
+    /// let addrs = url.socket_addrs(|| None).unwrap();
+    /// std::net::TcpStream::connect(&*addrs)
+    /// # ;
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// /// With application-specific known default port numbers
+    /// fn socket_addrs(url: url::Url) -> std::io::Result<Vec<std::net::SocketAddr>> {
+    ///     url.socket_addrs(|| match url.scheme() {
+    ///         "socks5" | "socks5h" => Some(1080),
+    ///         _ => None,
+    ///     })
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn socket_addrs(
+        &self,
+        default_port_number: impl Fn() -> Option<u16>,
+    ) -> io::Result<Vec<SocketAddr>> {
+        // Note: trying to avoid the Vec allocation by returning `impl AsRef<[SocketAddr]>`
+        // causes borrowck issues because the return value borrows `default_port_number`:
+        //
+        // https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1951-expand-impl-trait.md#scoping-for-type-and-lifetime-parameters
+        //
+        // > This RFC proposes that *all* type parameters are considered in scope
+        // > for `impl Trait` in return position
+
+        fn io_result<T>(opt: Option<T>, message: &str) -> io::Result<T> {
+            opt.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, message))
+        }
+
+        let host = io_result(self.host(), "No host name in the URL")?;
+        let port = io_result(
+            self.port_or_known_default().or_else(default_port_number),
+            "No port number in the URL",
+        )?;
+        Ok(match host {
+            Host::Domain(domain) => (domain, port).to_socket_addrs()?.collect(),
+            Host::Ipv4(ip) => vec![(ip, port).into()],
+            Host::Ipv6(ip) => vec![(ip, port).into()],
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Return the path for this URL, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
+    /// For cannot-be-a-base URLs, this is an arbitrary string that doesn’t start with '/'.
+    /// For other URLs, this starts with a '/' slash
+    /// and continues with slash-separated path segments.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Url, ParseError};
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/api/versions?page=2")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/versions");
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/");
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/countries/vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
+        match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
+            (None, None) => self.slice(self.path_start..),
+            (Some(next_component_start), _) | (None, Some(next_component_start)) => {
+                self.slice(self.path_start..next_component_start)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Unless this URL is cannot-be-a-base,
+    /// return an iterator of '/' slash-separated path segments,
+    /// each as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
+    ///
+    /// Return `None` for cannot-be-a-base URLs.
+    ///
+    /// When `Some` is returned, the iterator always contains at least one string
+    /// (which may be empty).
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use std::error::Error;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/foo/bar")?;
+    /// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("foo"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("bar"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
+    /// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some(""));
+    /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,HelloWorld")?;
+    /// assert!(url.path_segments().is_none());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?;
+    /// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("countries"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam"));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn path_segments(&self) -> Option<str::Split<char>> {
+        let path = self.path();
+        if path.starts_with('/') {
+            Some(path[1..].split('/'))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return this URL’s query string, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2")?;
+    /// let query = url.query();
+    /// assert_eq!(query, Some("page=2"));
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products")?;
+    /// let query = url.query();
+    /// assert!(query.is_none());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/?country=español")?;
+    /// let query = url.query();
+    /// assert_eq!(query, Some("country=espa%C3%B1ol"));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
+            (None, _) => None,
+            (Some(query_start), None) => {
+                debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?');
+                Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..))
+            }
+            (Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) => {
+                debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?');
+                Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..fragment_start))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse the URL’s query string, if any, as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+    /// and return an iterator of (key, value) pairs.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::borrow::Cow;
+    ///
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2&sort=desc")?;
+    /// let mut pairs = url.query_pairs();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(pairs.count(), 2);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("page"), Cow::Borrowed("2"))));
+    /// assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("sort"), Cow::Borrowed("desc"))));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    ///
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn query_pairs(&self) -> form_urlencoded::Parse {
+        form_urlencoded::parse(self.query().unwrap_or("").as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Return this URL’s fragment identifier, if any.
+    ///
+    /// A fragment is the part of the URL after the `#` symbol.
+    /// The fragment is optional and, if present, contains a fragment identifier
+    /// that identifies a secondary resource, such as a section heading
+    /// of a document.
+    ///
+    /// In HTML, the fragment identifier is usually the id attribute of a an element
+    /// that is scrolled to on load. Browsers typically will not send the fragment portion
+    /// of a URL to the server.
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** the parser did *not* percent-encode this component,
+    /// but the input may have been percent-encoded already.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#row=4")?;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("row=4"));
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#cell=4,1-6,2")?;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn fragment(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.fragment_start.map(|start| {
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#');
+            self.slice(start + 1..)
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn mutate<F: FnOnce(&mut Parser) -> R, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R {
+        let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(mem::replace(&mut self.serialization, String::new()));
+        let result = f(&mut parser);
+        self.serialization = parser.serialization;
+        result
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s fragment identifier.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv");
+
+    /// url.set_fragment(Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv#cell=4,1-6,2");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));
+    ///
+    /// url.set_fragment(None);
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv");
+    /// assert!(url.fragment().is_none());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option<&str>) {
+        // Remove any previous fragment
+        if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start {
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#');
+            self.serialization.truncate(start as usize);
+        }
+        // Write the new one
+        if let Some(input) = fragment {
+            self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap());
+            self.serialization.push('#');
+            self.mutate(|parser| parser.parse_fragment(parser::Input::new(input)))
+        } else {
+            self.fragment_start = None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn take_fragment(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.fragment_start.take().map(|start| {
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#');
+            let fragment = self.slice(start + 1..).to_owned();
+            self.serialization.truncate(start as usize);
+            fragment
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn restore_already_parsed_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option<String>) {
+        if let Some(ref fragment) = fragment {
+            assert!(self.fragment_start.is_none());
+            self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap());
+            self.serialization.push('#');
+            self.serialization.push_str(fragment);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s query string.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/products");
+    ///
+    /// url.set_query(Some("page=2"));
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/products?page=2");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("page=2"));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_query(&mut self, query: Option<&str>) {
+        let fragment = self.take_fragment();
+
+        // Remove any previous query
+        if let Some(start) = self.query_start.take() {
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?');
+            self.serialization.truncate(start as usize);
+        }
+        // Write the new query, if any
+        if let Some(input) = query {
+            self.query_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap());
+            self.serialization.push('?');
+            let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme());
+            let scheme_end = self.scheme_end;
+            self.mutate(|parser| {
+                parser.parse_query(scheme_type, scheme_end, parser::Input::new(input))
+            });
+        }
+
+        self.restore_already_parsed_fragment(fragment);
+    }
+
+    /// Manipulate this URL’s query string, viewed as a sequence of name/value pairs
+    /// in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax.
+    ///
+    /// The return value has a method-chaining API:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use url::{Url, ParseError};
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net?lang=fr#nav")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr"));
+    ///
+    /// url.query_pairs_mut().append_pair("foo", "bar");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr&foo=bar"));
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/?lang=fr&foo=bar#nav");
+    ///
+    /// url.query_pairs_mut()
+    ///     .clear()
+    ///     .append_pair("foo", "bar & baz")
+    ///     .append_pair("saisons", "\u{00C9}t\u{00E9}+hiver");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver"));
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(),
+    ///            "https://example.net/?foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver#nav");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Note: `url.query_pairs_mut().clear();` is equivalent to `url.set_query(Some(""))`,
+    /// not `url.set_query(None)`.
+    ///
+    /// The state of `Url` is unspecified if this return value is leaked without being dropped.
+    pub fn query_pairs_mut(&mut self) -> form_urlencoded::Serializer<UrlQuery> {
+        let fragment = self.take_fragment();
+
+        let query_start;
+        if let Some(start) = self.query_start {
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?');
+            query_start = start as usize;
+        } else {
+            query_start = self.serialization.len();
+            self.query_start = Some(to_u32(query_start).unwrap());
+            self.serialization.push('?');
+        }
+
+        let query = UrlQuery {
+            url: Some(self),
+            fragment,
+        };
+        form_urlencoded::Serializer::for_suffix(query, query_start + "?".len())
+    }
+
+    fn take_after_path(&mut self) -> String {
+        match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
+            (Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => {
+                let after_path = self.slice(i..).to_owned();
+                self.serialization.truncate(i as usize);
+                after_path
+            }
+            (None, None) => String::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s path.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
+    /// url.set_path("api/comments");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/api/comments");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/comments");
+    ///
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/api")?;
+    /// url.set_path("data/report.csv");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data/report.csv");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/data/report.csv");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_path(&mut self, mut path: &str) {
+        let after_path = self.take_after_path();
+        let old_after_path_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+        let cannot_be_a_base = self.cannot_be_a_base();
+        let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme());
+        self.serialization.truncate(self.path_start as usize);
+        self.mutate(|parser| {
+            if cannot_be_a_base {
+                if path.starts_with('/') {
+                    parser.serialization.push_str("%2F");
+                    path = &path[1..];
+                }
+                parser.parse_cannot_be_a_base_path(parser::Input::new(path));
+            } else {
+                let mut has_host = true; // FIXME
+                parser.parse_path_start(scheme_type, &mut has_host, parser::Input::new(path));
+            }
+        });
+        self.restore_after_path(old_after_path_pos, &after_path);
+    }
+
+    /// Return an object with methods to manipulate this URL’s path segments.
+    ///
+    /// Return `Err(())` if this URL is cannot-be-a-base.
+    pub fn path_segments_mut(&mut self) -> Result<PathSegmentsMut, ()> {
+        if self.cannot_be_a_base() {
+            Err(())
+        } else {
+            Ok(path_segments::new(self))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn restore_after_path(&mut self, old_after_path_position: u32, after_path: &str) {
+        let new_after_path_position = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+        let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
+            *index -= old_after_path_position;
+            *index += new_after_path_position;
+        };
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+        self.serialization.push_str(after_path)
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s port number.
+    ///
+    /// Note that default port numbers are not reflected in the serialization.
+    ///
+    /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, does not have a host, or has the `file` scheme;
+    /// do nothing and return `Err`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use std::error::Error;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("ssh://example.net:2048/")?;
+    ///
+    /// url.set_port(Some(4096)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ssh://example.net:4096/");
+    ///
+    /// url.set_port(None).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ssh://example.net/");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Known default port numbers are not reflected:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use std::error::Error;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.org/")?;
+    ///
+    /// url.set_port(Some(443)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
+    /// assert!(url.port().is_none());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Cannot set port for cannot-be-a-base URLs:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
+    ///
+    /// let result = url.set_port(Some(80));
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    ///
+    /// let result = url.set_port(None);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_port(&mut self, mut port: Option<u16>) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        // has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base
+        if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+        if port.is_some() && port == parser::default_port(self.scheme()) {
+            port = None
+        }
+        self.set_port_internal(port);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn set_port_internal(&mut self, port: Option<u16>) {
+        match (self.port, port) {
+            (None, None) => {}
+            (Some(_), None) => {
+                self.serialization
+                    .drain(self.host_end as usize..self.path_start as usize);
+                let offset = self.path_start - self.host_end;
+                self.path_start = self.host_end;
+                if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+                    *index -= offset
+                }
+                if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+                    *index -= offset
+                }
+            }
+            (Some(old), Some(new)) if old == new => {}
+            (_, Some(new)) => {
+                let path_and_after = self.slice(self.path_start..).to_owned();
+                self.serialization.truncate(self.host_end as usize);
+                write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", new).unwrap();
+                let old_path_start = self.path_start;
+                let new_path_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+                self.path_start = new_path_start;
+                let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
+                    *index -= old_path_start;
+                    *index += new_path_start;
+                };
+                if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+                    adjust(index)
+                }
+                if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+                    adjust(index)
+                }
+                self.serialization.push_str(&path_and_after);
+            }
+        }
+        self.port = port;
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s host.
+    ///
+    /// Removing the host (calling this with `None`)
+    /// will also remove any username, password, and port number.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Change host:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org"));
+    /// assert!(result.is_ok());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://rust-lang.org/");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Remove host:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("foo://example.net")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_host(None);
+    /// assert!(result.is_ok());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo:/");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Cannot remove host for 'special' schemes (e.g. `http`):
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_host(None);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Cannot change or remove host for cannot-be-a-base URLs:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
+    ///
+    /// let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org"));
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");
+    ///
+    /// let result = url.set_host(None);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or there is an error parsing the given `host`,
+    /// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
+    pub fn set_host(&mut self, host: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+        if self.cannot_be_a_base() {
+            return Err(ParseError::SetHostOnCannotBeABaseUrl);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(host) = host {
+            if host == "" && SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() {
+                return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost);
+            }
+            if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() {
+                self.set_host_internal(Host::parse(host)?, None)
+            } else {
+                self.set_host_internal(Host::parse_opaque(host)?, None)
+            }
+        } else if self.has_host() {
+            if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() {
+                return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost);
+            }
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':');
+            debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.path_start) == b'/');
+            let new_path_start = self.scheme_end + 1;
+            self.serialization
+                .drain(new_path_start as usize..self.path_start as usize);
+            let offset = self.path_start - new_path_start;
+            self.path_start = new_path_start;
+            self.username_end = new_path_start;
+            self.host_start = new_path_start;
+            self.host_end = new_path_start;
+            self.port = None;
+            if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+                *index -= offset
+            }
+            if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+                *index -= offset
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// opt_new_port: None means leave unchanged, Some(None) means remove any port number.
+    fn set_host_internal(&mut self, host: Host<String>, opt_new_port: Option<Option<u16>>) {
+        let old_suffix_pos = if opt_new_port.is_some() {
+            self.path_start
+        } else {
+            self.host_end
+        };
+        let suffix = self.slice(old_suffix_pos..).to_owned();
+        self.serialization.truncate(self.host_start as usize);
+        if !self.has_authority() {
+            debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..self.host_start) == ":");
+            debug_assert!(self.username_end == self.host_start);
+            self.serialization.push('/');
+            self.serialization.push('/');
+            self.username_end += 2;
+            self.host_start += 2;
+        }
+        write!(&mut self.serialization, "{}", host).unwrap();
+        self.host_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+        self.host = host.into();
+
+        if let Some(new_port) = opt_new_port {
+            self.port = new_port;
+            if let Some(port) = new_port {
+                write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", port).unwrap();
+            }
+        }
+        let new_suffix_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+        self.serialization.push_str(&suffix);
+
+        let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
+            *index -= old_suffix_pos;
+            *index += new_suffix_pos;
+        };
+        adjust(&mut self.path_start);
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s host to the given IP address.
+    ///
+    /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, do nothing and return `Err`.
+    ///
+    /// Compared to `Url::set_host`, this skips the host parser.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Url, ParseError};
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("http://example.com")?;
+    /// url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1"));
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://127.0.0.1/");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Cannot change URL's from mailto(cannot-be-base) to ip:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Url, ParseError};
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.com")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap());
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.com");
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    pub fn set_ip_host(&mut self, address: IpAddr) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        if self.cannot_be_a_base() {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+
+        let address = match address {
+            IpAddr::V4(address) => Host::Ipv4(address),
+            IpAddr::V6(address) => Host::Ipv6(address),
+        };
+        self.set_host_internal(address, None);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s password.
+    ///
+    /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Url, ParseError};
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password"));
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    ///
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://user1:secret1@example.com")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password"));
+    /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret_password"));
+    ///
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://user2:@example.com")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret2"));
+    /// assert!(result.is_ok());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret2"));
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_password(&mut self, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        // has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base
+        if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+        if let Some(password) = password {
+            let host_and_after = self.slice(self.host_start..).to_owned();
+            self.serialization.truncate(self.username_end as usize);
+            self.serialization.push(':');
+            self.serialization
+                .extend(utf8_percent_encode(password, USERINFO));
+            self.serialization.push('@');
+
+            let old_host_start = self.host_start;
+            let new_host_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+            let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
+                *index -= old_host_start;
+                *index += new_host_start;
+            };
+            self.host_start = new_host_start;
+            adjust(&mut self.host_end);
+            adjust(&mut self.path_start);
+            if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+                adjust(index)
+            }
+            if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+                adjust(index)
+            }
+
+            self.serialization.push_str(&host_and_after);
+        } else if self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' {
+            // If there is a password to remove
+            let has_username_or_password = self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@';
+            debug_assert!(has_username_or_password);
+            let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3;
+            let empty_username = username_start == self.username_end;
+            let start = self.username_end; // Remove the ':'
+            let end = if empty_username {
+                self.host_start // Remove the '@' as well
+            } else {
+                self.host_start - 1 // Keep the '@' to separate the username from the host
+            };
+            self.serialization.drain(start as usize..end as usize);
+            let offset = end - start;
+            self.host_start -= offset;
+            self.host_end -= offset;
+            self.path_start -= offset;
+            if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+                *index -= offset
+            }
+            if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+                *index -= offset
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s username.
+    ///
+    /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`.
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Cannot setup username from mailto(cannot-be-base)
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Url, ParseError};
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_username("user1");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rmz@example.com");
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Setup username to user1
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::{Url, ParseError};
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://:secre1@example.com/")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_username("user1");
+    /// assert!(result.is_ok());
+    /// assert_eq!(url.username(), "user1");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ftp://user1:secre1@example.com/");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_username(&mut self, username: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        // has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base
+        if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+        let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3;
+        debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..username_start) == "://");
+        if self.slice(username_start..self.username_end) == username {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let after_username = self.slice(self.username_end..).to_owned();
+        self.serialization.truncate(username_start as usize);
+        self.serialization
+            .extend(utf8_percent_encode(username, USERINFO));
+
+        let mut removed_bytes = self.username_end;
+        self.username_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+        let mut added_bytes = self.username_end;
+
+        let new_username_is_empty = self.username_end == username_start;
+        match (new_username_is_empty, after_username.chars().next()) {
+            (true, Some('@')) => {
+                removed_bytes += 1;
+                self.serialization.push_str(&after_username[1..]);
+            }
+            (false, Some('@')) | (_, Some(':')) | (true, _) => {
+                self.serialization.push_str(&after_username);
+            }
+            (false, _) => {
+                added_bytes += 1;
+                self.serialization.push('@');
+                self.serialization.push_str(&after_username);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
+            *index -= removed_bytes;
+            *index += added_bytes;
+        };
+        adjust(&mut self.host_start);
+        adjust(&mut self.host_end);
+        adjust(&mut self.path_start);
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Change this URL’s scheme.
+    ///
+    /// Do nothing and return `Err` if:
+    ///
+    /// * The new scheme is not in `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+`
+    /// * This URL is cannot-be-a-base and the new scheme is one of
+    ///   `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss`, `ftp`, or `gopher`
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Change the URL’s scheme from `https` to `foo`:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_scheme("foo");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo://example.net/");
+    /// assert!(result.is_ok());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// Cannot change URL’s scheme from `https` to `foõ`:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_scheme("foõ");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/");
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Cannot change URL’s scheme from `mailto` (cannot-be-a-base) to `https`:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use url::ParseError;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
+    /// let result = url.set_scheme("https");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_scheme(&mut self, scheme: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(String::new());
+        let remaining = parser.parse_scheme(parser::Input::new(scheme))?;
+        if !remaining.is_empty()
+            || (!self.has_host() && SchemeType::from(&parser.serialization).is_special())
+        {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+        let old_scheme_end = self.scheme_end;
+        let new_scheme_end = to_u32(parser.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+        let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
+            *index -= old_scheme_end;
+            *index += new_scheme_end;
+        };
+
+        self.scheme_end = new_scheme_end;
+        adjust(&mut self.username_end);
+        adjust(&mut self.host_start);
+        adjust(&mut self.host_end);
+        adjust(&mut self.path_start);
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+        if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
+            adjust(index)
+        }
+
+        parser.serialization.push_str(self.slice(old_scheme_end..));
+        self.serialization = parser.serialization;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Convert a file name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme.
+    ///
+    /// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or,
+    /// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`) or a UNC prefix (`\\`).
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// On Unix-like platforms:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # if cfg!(unix) {
+    /// use url::Url;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ()> {
+    /// let url = Url::from_file_path("/tmp/foo.txt")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "file:///tmp/foo.txt");
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::from_file_path("../foo.txt");
+    /// assert!(url.is_err());
+    ///
+    /// let url = Url::from_file_path("https://google.com/");
+    /// assert!(url.is_err());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox"))]
+    pub fn from_file_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Url, ()> {
+        let mut serialization = "file://".to_owned();
+        let host_start = serialization.len() as u32;
+        let (host_end, host) = path_to_file_url_segments(path.as_ref(), &mut serialization)?;
+        Ok(Url {
+            serialization,
+            scheme_end: "file".len() as u32,
+            username_end: host_start,
+            host_start,
+            host_end,
+            host,
+            port: None,
+            path_start: host_end,
+            query_start: None,
+            fragment_start: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Convert a directory name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme.
+    ///
+    /// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or,
+    /// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`) or a UNC prefix (`\\`).
+    ///
+    /// Compared to `from_file_path`, this ensure that URL’s the path has a trailing slash
+    /// so that the entire path is considered when using this URL as a base URL.
+    ///
+    /// For example:
+    ///
+    /// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("/var/www"))`
+    ///   as the base URL is `file:///var/www/index.html`
+    /// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_file_path(Path::new("/var/www"))`
+    ///   as the base URL is `file:///var/index.html`, which might not be what was intended.
+    ///
+    /// Note that `std::path` does not consider trailing slashes significant
+    /// and usually does not include them (e.g. in `Path::parent()`).
+    #[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox"))]
+    pub fn from_directory_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Url, ()> {
+        let mut url = Url::from_file_path(path)?;
+        if !url.serialization.ends_with('/') {
+            url.serialization.push('/')
+        }
+        Ok(url)
+    }
+
+    /// Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the `Url` struct.
+    ///
+    /// The corresponding `deserialize_internal` method sacrifices some invariant-checking
+    /// for speed, compared to the `Deserialize` trait impl.
+    ///
+    /// This method is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
+    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+    #[deny(unused)]
+    pub fn serialize_internal<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        use serde::Serialize;
+        // Destructuring first lets us ensure that adding or removing fields forces this method
+        // to be updated
+        let Url {
+            ref serialization,
+            ref scheme_end,
+            ref username_end,
+            ref host_start,
+            ref host_end,
+            ref host,
+            ref port,
+            ref path_start,
+            ref query_start,
+            ref fragment_start,
+        } = *self;
+        (
+            serialization,
+            scheme_end,
+            username_end,
+            host_start,
+            host_end,
+            host,
+            port,
+            path_start,
+            query_start,
+            fragment_start,
+        )
+            .serialize(serializer)
+    }
+
+    /// Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the `Url` struct.
+    ///
+    /// The corresponding `deserialize_internal` method sacrifices some invariant-checking
+    /// for speed, compared to the `Deserialize` trait impl.
+    ///
+    /// This method is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
+    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+    #[deny(unused)]
+    pub fn deserialize_internal<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        use serde::de::{Deserialize, Error, Unexpected};
+        let (
+            serialization,
+            scheme_end,
+            username_end,
+            host_start,
+            host_end,
+            host,
+            port,
+            path_start,
+            query_start,
+            fragment_start,
+        ) = Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        let url = Url {
+            serialization,
+            scheme_end,
+            username_end,
+            host_start,
+            host_end,
+            host,
+            port,
+            path_start,
+            query_start,
+            fragment_start,
+        };
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            url.check_invariants().map_err(|reason| {
+                let reason: &str = &reason;
+                Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Other("value"), &reason)
+            })?
+        }
+        Ok(url)
+    }
+
+    /// Assuming the URL is in the `file` scheme or similar,
+    /// convert its path to an absolute `std::path::Path`.
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** This does not actually check the URL’s `scheme`,
+    /// and may give nonsensical results for other schemes.
+    /// It is the user’s responsibility to check the URL’s scheme before calling this.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use url::Url;
+    /// # let url = Url::parse("file:///etc/passwd").unwrap();
+    /// let path = url.to_file_path();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Returns `Err` if the host is neither empty nor `"localhost"` (except on Windows, where
+    /// `file:` URLs may have a non-local host),
+    /// or if `Path::new_opt()` returns `None`.
+    /// (That is, if the percent-decoded path contains a NUL byte or,
+    /// for a Windows path, is not UTF-8.)
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox"))]
+    pub fn to_file_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
+        if let Some(segments) = self.path_segments() {
+            let host = match self.host() {
+                None | Some(Host::Domain("localhost")) => None,
+                Some(_) if cfg!(windows) && self.scheme() == "file" => {
+                    Some(&self.serialization[self.host_start as usize..self.host_end as usize])
+                }
+                _ => return Err(()),
+            };
+
+            return file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(host, segments);
+        }
+        Err(())
+    }
+
+    // Private helper methods:
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn slice<R>(&self, range: R) -> &str
+    where
+        R: RangeArg,
+    {
+        range.slice_of(&self.serialization)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn byte_at(&self, i: u32) -> u8 {
+        self.serialization.as_bytes()[i as usize]
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a string as an URL, without a base URL or encoding override.
+impl str::FromStr for Url {
+    type Err = ParseError;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<Url, ::ParseError> {
+        Url::parse(input)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Display the serialization of this URL.
+impl fmt::Display for Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.serialization, formatter)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Debug the serialization of this URL.
+impl fmt::Debug for Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.serialization, formatter)
+    }
+}
+
+/// URLs compare like their serialization.
+impl Eq for Url {}
+
+/// URLs compare like their serialization.
+impl PartialEq for Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.serialization == other.serialization
+    }
+}
+
+/// URLs compare like their serialization.
+impl Ord for Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
+        self.serialization.cmp(&other.serialization)
+    }
+}
+
+/// URLs compare like their serialization.
+impl PartialOrd for Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<cmp::Ordering> {
+        self.serialization.partial_cmp(&other.serialization)
+    }
+}
+
+/// URLs hash like their serialization.
+impl hash::Hash for Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
+    where
+        H: hash::Hasher,
+    {
+        hash::Hash::hash(&self.serialization, state)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Return the serialization of this URL.
+impl AsRef<str> for Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.serialization
+    }
+}
+
+trait RangeArg {
+    fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str;
+}
+
+impl RangeArg for Range<u32> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+        &s[self.start as usize..self.end as usize]
+    }
+}
+
+impl RangeArg for RangeFrom<u32> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+        &s[self.start as usize..]
+    }
+}
+
+impl RangeArg for RangeTo<u32> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+        &s[..self.end as usize]
+    }
+}
+
+/// Serializes this URL into a `serde` stream.
+///
+/// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+impl serde::Serialize for Url {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        serializer.serialize_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Deserializes this URL from a `serde` stream.
+///
+/// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Url {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Url, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        use serde::de::{Error, Unexpected, Visitor};
+
+        struct UrlVisitor;
+
+        impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for UrlVisitor {
+            type Value = Url;
+
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str("a string representing an URL")
+            }
+
+            fn visit_str<E>(self, s: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
+            where
+                E: Error,
+            {
+                Url::parse(s)
+                    .map_err(|err| Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(s), &err.description()))
+            }
+        }
+
+        deserializer.deserialize_str(UrlVisitor)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))]
+fn path_to_file_url_segments(
+    path: &Path,
+    serialization: &mut String,
+) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> {
+    use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt;
+    if !path.is_absolute() {
+        return Err(());
+    }
+    let host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap();
+    let mut empty = true;
+    // skip the root component
+    for component in path.components().skip(1) {
+        empty = false;
+        serialization.push('/');
+        serialization.extend(percent_encode(
+            component.as_os_str().as_bytes(),
+            PATH_SEGMENT,
+        ));
+    }
+    if empty {
+        // An URL’s path must not be empty.
+        serialization.push('/');
+    }
+    Ok((host_end, HostInternal::None))
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn path_to_file_url_segments(
+    path: &Path,
+    serialization: &mut String,
+) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> {
+    path_to_file_url_segments_windows(path, serialization)
+}
+
+// Build this unconditionally to alleviate https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/102
+#[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))]
+fn path_to_file_url_segments_windows(
+    path: &Path,
+    serialization: &mut String,
+) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> {
+    use std::path::{Component, Prefix};
+    if !path.is_absolute() {
+        return Err(());
+    }
+    let mut components = path.components();
+
+    let host_end;
+    let host_internal;
+    match components.next() {
+        Some(Component::Prefix(ref p)) => match p.kind() {
+            Prefix::Disk(letter) | Prefix::VerbatimDisk(letter) => {
+                host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap();
+                host_internal = HostInternal::None;
+                serialization.push('/');
+                serialization.push(letter as char);
+                serialization.push(':');
+            }
+            Prefix::UNC(server, share) | Prefix::VerbatimUNC(server, share) => {
+                let host = Host::parse(server.to_str().ok_or(())?).map_err(|_| ())?;
+                write!(serialization, "{}", host).unwrap();
+                host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap();
+                host_internal = host.into();
+                serialization.push('/');
+                let share = share.to_str().ok_or(())?;
+                serialization.extend(percent_encode(share.as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT));
+            }
+            _ => return Err(()),
+        },
+
+        _ => return Err(()),
+    }
+
+    for component in components {
+        if component == Component::RootDir {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // FIXME: somehow work with non-unicode?
+        let component = component.as_os_str().to_str().ok_or(())?;
+        serialization.push('/');
+        serialization.extend(percent_encode(component.as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT));
+    }
+    Ok((host_end, host_internal))
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))]
+fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(
+    host: Option<&str>,
+    segments: str::Split<char>,
+) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
+    use std::ffi::OsStr;
+    use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt;
+
+    if host.is_some() {
+        return Err(());
+    }
+
+    let mut bytes = if cfg!(target_os = "redox") {
+        b"file:".to_vec()
+    } else {
+        Vec::new()
+    };
+    for segment in segments {
+        bytes.push(b'/');
+        bytes.extend(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes()));
+    }
+    let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(&bytes);
+    let path = PathBuf::from(os_str);
+    debug_assert!(
+        path.is_absolute(),
+        "to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path"
+    );
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(
+    host: Option<&str>,
+    segments: str::Split<char>,
+) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
+    file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows(host, segments)
+}
+
+// Build this unconditionally to alleviate https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/102
+#[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))]
+fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows(
+    host: Option<&str>,
+    mut segments: str::Split<char>,
+) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
+    let mut string = if let Some(host) = host {
+        r"\\".to_owned() + host
+    } else {
+        let first = segments.next().ok_or(())?;
+
+        match first.len() {
+            2 => {
+                if !first.starts_with(parser::ascii_alpha) || first.as_bytes()[1] != b':' {
+                    return Err(());
+                }
+
+                first.to_owned()
+            }
+
+            4 => {
+                if !first.starts_with(parser::ascii_alpha) {
+                    return Err(());
+                }
+                let bytes = first.as_bytes();
+                if bytes[1] != b'%' || bytes[2] != b'3' || (bytes[3] != b'a' && bytes[3] != b'A') {
+                    return Err(());
+                }
+
+                first[0..1].to_owned() + ":"
+            }
+
+            _ => return Err(()),
+        }
+    };
+
+    for segment in segments {
+        string.push('\\');
+
+        // Currently non-unicode windows paths cannot be represented
+        match String::from_utf8(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes()).collect()) {
+            Ok(s) => string.push_str(&s),
+            Err(..) => return Err(()),
+        }
+    }
+    let path = PathBuf::from(string);
+    debug_assert!(
+        path.is_absolute(),
+        "to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path"
+    );
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+/// Implementation detail of `Url::query_pairs_mut`. Typically not used directly.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct UrlQuery<'a> {
+    url: Option<&'a mut Url>,
+    fragment: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Drop for UrlQuery<'a> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(url) = self.url.take() {
+            url.restore_already_parsed_fragment(self.fragment.take())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/origin.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/origin.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3223709dde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/origin.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use host::Host;
+use idna::domain_to_unicode;
+use parser::default_port;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use Url;
+
+pub fn url_origin(url: &Url) -> Origin {
+    let scheme = url.scheme();
+    match scheme {
+        "blob" => {
+            let result = Url::parse(url.path());
+            match result {
+                Ok(ref url) => url_origin(url),
+                Err(_) => Origin::new_opaque(),
+            }
+        }
+        "ftp" | "gopher" | "http" | "https" | "ws" | "wss" => Origin::Tuple(
+            scheme.to_owned(),
+            url.host().unwrap().to_owned(),
+            url.port_or_known_default().unwrap(),
+        ),
+        // TODO: Figure out what to do if the scheme is a file
+        "file" => Origin::new_opaque(),
+        _ => Origin::new_opaque(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// The origin of an URL
+///
+/// Two URLs with the same origin are considered
+/// to originate from the same entity and can therefore trust
+/// each other.
+///
+/// The origin is determined based on the scheme as follows:
+///
+/// - If the scheme is "blob" the origin is the origin of the
+///   URL contained in the path component. If parsing fails,
+///   it is an opaque origin.
+/// - If the scheme is "ftp", "gopher", "http", "https", "ws", or "wss",
+///   then the origin is a tuple of the scheme, host, and port.
+/// - If the scheme is anything else, the origin is opaque, meaning
+///   the URL does not have the same origin as any other URL.
+///
+/// For more information see <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin>
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum Origin {
+    /// A globally unique identifier
+    Opaque(OpaqueOrigin),
+
+    /// Consists of the URL's scheme, host and port
+    Tuple(String, Host<String>, u16),
+}
+
+impl Origin {
+    /// Creates a new opaque origin that is only equal to itself.
+    pub fn new_opaque() -> Origin {
+        static COUNTER: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+        Origin::Opaque(OpaqueOrigin(COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst)))
+    }
+
+    /// Return whether this origin is a (scheme, host, port) tuple
+    /// (as opposed to an opaque origin).
+    pub fn is_tuple(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(*self, Origin::Tuple(..))
+    }
+
+    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#ascii-serialisation-of-an-origin>
+    pub fn ascii_serialization(&self) -> String {
+        match *self {
+            Origin::Opaque(_) => "null".to_owned(),
+            Origin::Tuple(ref scheme, ref host, port) => {
+                if default_port(scheme) == Some(port) {
+                    format!("{}://{}", scheme, host)
+                } else {
+                    format!("{}://{}:{}", scheme, host, port)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#unicode-serialisation-of-an-origin>
+    pub fn unicode_serialization(&self) -> String {
+        match *self {
+            Origin::Opaque(_) => "null".to_owned(),
+            Origin::Tuple(ref scheme, ref host, port) => {
+                let host = match *host {
+                    Host::Domain(ref domain) => {
+                        let (domain, _errors) = domain_to_unicode(domain);
+                        Host::Domain(domain)
+                    }
+                    _ => host.clone(),
+                };
+                if default_port(scheme) == Some(port) {
+                    format!("{}://{}", scheme, host)
+                } else {
+                    format!("{}://{}:{}", scheme, host, port)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Opaque identifier for URLs that have file or other schemes
+#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct OpaqueOrigin(usize);
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/parser.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/parser.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2ea36bfab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/parser.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1426 @@
+// Copyright 2013-2016 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fmt::{self, Formatter, Write};
+use std::str;
+
+use host::{Host, HostInternal};
+use percent_encoding::{percent_encode, utf8_percent_encode, AsciiSet, CONTROLS};
+use query_encoding::EncodingOverride;
+use Url;
+
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#fragment-percent-encode-set
+const FRAGMENT: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS.add(b' ').add(b'"').add(b'<').add(b'>').add(b'`');
+
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#path-percent-encode-set
+const PATH: &AsciiSet = &FRAGMENT.add(b'#').add(b'?').add(b'{').add(b'}');
+
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#userinfo-percent-encode-set
+pub(crate) const USERINFO: &AsciiSet = &PATH
+    .add(b'/')
+    .add(b':')
+    .add(b';')
+    .add(b'=')
+    .add(b'@')
+    .add(b'[')
+    .add(b'\\')
+    .add(b']')
+    .add(b'^')
+    .add(b'|');
+
+pub(crate) const PATH_SEGMENT: &AsciiSet = &PATH.add(b'/').add(b'%');
+
+// The backslash (\) character is treated as a path separator in special URLs
+// so it needs to be additionally escaped in that case.
+pub(crate) const SPECIAL_PATH_SEGMENT: &AsciiSet = &PATH_SEGMENT.add(b'\\');
+
+// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#query-state
+const QUERY: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS.add(b' ').add(b'"').add(b'#').add(b'<').add(b'>');
+const SPECIAL_QUERY: &AsciiSet = &QUERY.add(b'\'');
+
+pub type ParseResult<T> = Result<T, ParseError>;
+
+macro_rules! simple_enum_error {
+    ($($name: ident => $description: expr,)+) => {
+        /// Errors that can occur during parsing.
+        ///
+        /// This may be extended in the future so exhaustive matching is
+        /// discouraged with an unused variant.
+        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+        pub enum ParseError {
+            $(
+                $name,
+            )+
+            /// Unused variant enable non-exhaustive matching
+            #[doc(hidden)]
+            __FutureProof,
+        }
+
+        impl Error for ParseError {
+            fn description(&self) -> &str {
+                match *self {
+                    $(
+                        ParseError::$name => $description,
+                    )+
+                    ParseError::__FutureProof => {
+                        unreachable!("Don't abuse the FutureProof!");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+simple_enum_error! {
+    EmptyHost => "empty host",
+    IdnaError => "invalid international domain name",
+    InvalidPort => "invalid port number",
+    InvalidIpv4Address => "invalid IPv4 address",
+    InvalidIpv6Address => "invalid IPv6 address",
+    InvalidDomainCharacter => "invalid domain character",
+    RelativeUrlWithoutBase => "relative URL without a base",
+    RelativeUrlWithCannotBeABaseBase => "relative URL with a cannot-be-a-base base",
+    SetHostOnCannotBeABaseUrl => "a cannot-be-a-base URL doesn’t have a host to set",
+    Overflow => "URLs more than 4 GB are not supported",
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ParseError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(self.description(), f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<::idna::Errors> for ParseError {
+    fn from(_: ::idna::Errors) -> ParseError {
+        ParseError::IdnaError
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! syntax_violation_enum {
+    ($($name: ident => $description: expr,)+) => {
+        /// Non-fatal syntax violations that can occur during parsing.
+        ///
+        /// This may be extended in the future so exhaustive matching is
+        /// discouraged with an unused variant.
+        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+        pub enum SyntaxViolation {
+            $(
+                $name,
+            )+
+            /// Unused variant enable non-exhaustive matching
+            #[doc(hidden)]
+            __FutureProof,
+        }
+
+        impl SyntaxViolation {
+            pub fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
+                match *self {
+                    $(
+                        SyntaxViolation::$name => $description,
+                    )+
+                    SyntaxViolation::__FutureProof => {
+                        unreachable!("Don't abuse the FutureProof!");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+syntax_violation_enum! {
+    Backslash => "backslash",
+    C0SpaceIgnored =>
+        "leading or trailing control or space character are ignored in URLs",
+    EmbeddedCredentials =>
+        "embedding authentication information (username or password) \
+         in an URL is not recommended",
+    ExpectedDoubleSlash => "expected //",
+    ExpectedFileDoubleSlash => "expected // after file:",
+    FileWithHostAndWindowsDrive => "file: with host and Windows drive letter",
+    NonUrlCodePoint => "non-URL code point",
+    NullInFragment => "NULL characters are ignored in URL fragment identifiers",
+    PercentDecode => "expected 2 hex digits after %",
+    TabOrNewlineIgnored => "tabs or newlines are ignored in URLs",
+    UnencodedAtSign => "unencoded @ sign in username or password",
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for SyntaxViolation {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(self.description(), f)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum SchemeType {
+    File,
+    SpecialNotFile,
+    NotSpecial,
+}
+
+impl SchemeType {
+    pub fn is_special(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(*self, SchemeType::NotSpecial)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(*self, SchemeType::File)
+    }
+
+    pub fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
+        match s {
+            "http" | "https" | "ws" | "wss" | "ftp" | "gopher" => SchemeType::SpecialNotFile,
+            "file" => SchemeType::File,
+            _ => SchemeType::NotSpecial,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn default_port(scheme: &str) -> Option<u16> {
+    match scheme {
+        "http" | "ws" => Some(80),
+        "https" | "wss" => Some(443),
+        "ftp" => Some(21),
+        "gopher" => Some(70),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Input<'i> {
+    chars: str::Chars<'i>,
+}
+
+impl<'i> Input<'i> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'i str) -> Self {
+        Input::with_log(input, None)
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_log(original_input: &'i str, vfn: Option<&dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>) -> Self {
+        let input = original_input.trim_matches(c0_control_or_space);
+        if let Some(vfn) = vfn {
+            if input.len() < original_input.len() {
+                vfn(SyntaxViolation::C0SpaceIgnored)
+            }
+            if input.chars().any(|c| matches!(c, '\t' | '\n' | '\r')) {
+                vfn(SyntaxViolation::TabOrNewlineIgnored)
+            }
+        }
+        Input {
+            chars: input.chars(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.clone().next().is_none()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn starts_with<P: Pattern>(&self, p: P) -> bool {
+        p.split_prefix(&mut self.clone())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn split_prefix<P: Pattern>(&self, p: P) -> Option<Self> {
+        let mut remaining = self.clone();
+        if p.split_prefix(&mut remaining) {
+            Some(remaining)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn split_first(&self) -> (Option<char>, Self) {
+        let mut remaining = self.clone();
+        (remaining.next(), remaining)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn count_matching<F: Fn(char) -> bool>(&self, f: F) -> (u32, Self) {
+        let mut count = 0;
+        let mut remaining = self.clone();
+        loop {
+            let mut input = remaining.clone();
+            if matches!(input.next(), Some(c) if f(c)) {
+                remaining = input;
+                count += 1;
+            } else {
+                return (count, remaining);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn next_utf8(&mut self) -> Option<(char, &'i str)> {
+        loop {
+            let utf8 = self.chars.as_str();
+            match self.chars.next() {
+                Some(c) => {
+                    if !matches!(c, '\t' | '\n' | '\r') {
+                        return Some((c, &utf8[..c.len_utf8()]));
+                    }
+                }
+                None => return None,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Pattern {
+    fn split_prefix<'i>(self, input: &mut Input<'i>) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl Pattern for char {
+    fn split_prefix<'i>(self, input: &mut Input<'i>) -> bool {
+        input.next() == Some(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Pattern for &'a str {
+    fn split_prefix<'i>(self, input: &mut Input<'i>) -> bool {
+        for c in self.chars() {
+            if input.next() != Some(c) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: FnMut(char) -> bool> Pattern for F {
+    fn split_prefix<'i>(self, input: &mut Input<'i>) -> bool {
+        input.next().map_or(false, self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'i> Iterator for Input<'i> {
+    type Item = char;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<char> {
+        self.chars
+            .by_ref()
+            .find(|&c| !matches!(c, '\t' | '\n' | '\r'))
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Parser<'a> {
+    pub serialization: String,
+    pub base_url: Option<&'a Url>,
+    pub query_encoding_override: EncodingOverride<'a>,
+    pub violation_fn: Option<&'a dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>,
+    pub context: Context,
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Context {
+    UrlParser,
+    Setter,
+    PathSegmentSetter,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
+    fn log_violation(&self, v: SyntaxViolation) {
+        if let Some(f) = self.violation_fn {
+            f(v)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn log_violation_if(&self, v: SyntaxViolation, test: impl FnOnce() -> bool) {
+        if let Some(f) = self.violation_fn {
+            if test() {
+                f(v)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn for_setter(serialization: String) -> Parser<'a> {
+        Parser {
+            serialization,
+            base_url: None,
+            query_encoding_override: None,
+            violation_fn: None,
+            context: Context::Setter,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-basic-url-parser
+    pub fn parse_url(mut self, input: &str) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        let input = Input::with_log(input, self.violation_fn);
+        if let Ok(remaining) = self.parse_scheme(input.clone()) {
+            return self.parse_with_scheme(remaining);
+        }
+
+        // No-scheme state
+        if let Some(base_url) = self.base_url {
+            if input.starts_with('#') {
+                self.fragment_only(base_url, input)
+            } else if base_url.cannot_be_a_base() {
+                Err(ParseError::RelativeUrlWithCannotBeABaseBase)
+            } else {
+                let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(base_url.scheme());
+                if scheme_type.is_file() {
+                    self.parse_file(input, scheme_type, Some(base_url))
+                } else {
+                    self.parse_relative(input, scheme_type, base_url)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Err(ParseError::RelativeUrlWithoutBase)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_scheme<'i>(&mut self, mut input: Input<'i>) -> Result<Input<'i>, ()> {
+        if input.is_empty() || !input.starts_with(ascii_alpha) {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+        debug_assert!(self.serialization.is_empty());
+        while let Some(c) = input.next() {
+            match c {
+                'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '0'..='9' | '+' | '-' | '.' => {
+                    self.serialization.push(c.to_ascii_lowercase())
+                }
+                ':' => return Ok(input),
+                _ => {
+                    self.serialization.clear();
+                    return Err(());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // EOF before ':'
+        if self.context == Context::Setter {
+            Ok(input)
+        } else {
+            self.serialization.clear();
+            Err(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_with_scheme(mut self, input: Input) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        use SyntaxViolation::{ExpectedDoubleSlash, ExpectedFileDoubleSlash};
+        let scheme_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len())?;
+        let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(&self.serialization);
+        self.serialization.push(':');
+        match scheme_type {
+            SchemeType::File => {
+                self.log_violation_if(ExpectedFileDoubleSlash, || !input.starts_with("//"));
+                let base_file_url = self.base_url.and_then(|base| {
+                    if base.scheme() == "file" {
+                        Some(base)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                });
+                self.serialization.clear();
+                self.parse_file(input, scheme_type, base_file_url)
+            }
+            SchemeType::SpecialNotFile => {
+                // special relative or authority state
+                let (slashes_count, remaining) = input.count_matching(|c| matches!(c, '/' | '\\'));
+                if let Some(base_url) = self.base_url {
+                    if slashes_count < 2
+                        && base_url.scheme() == &self.serialization[..scheme_end as usize]
+                    {
+                        // "Cannot-be-a-base" URLs only happen with "not special" schemes.
+                        debug_assert!(!base_url.cannot_be_a_base());
+                        self.serialization.clear();
+                        return self.parse_relative(input, scheme_type, base_url);
+                    }
+                }
+                // special authority slashes state
+                self.log_violation_if(ExpectedDoubleSlash, || {
+                    input
+                        .clone()
+                        .take_while(|&c| matches!(c, '/' | '\\'))
+                        .collect::<String>()
+                        != "//"
+                });
+                self.after_double_slash(remaining, scheme_type, scheme_end)
+            }
+            SchemeType::NotSpecial => self.parse_non_special(input, scheme_type, scheme_end),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Scheme other than file, http, https, ws, ws, ftp, gopher.
+    fn parse_non_special(
+        mut self,
+        input: Input,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        scheme_end: u32,
+    ) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        // path or authority state (
+        if let Some(input) = input.split_prefix("//") {
+            return self.after_double_slash(input, scheme_type, scheme_end);
+        }
+        // Anarchist URL (no authority)
+        let path_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len())?;
+        let username_end = path_start;
+        let host_start = path_start;
+        let host_end = path_start;
+        let host = HostInternal::None;
+        let port = None;
+        let remaining = if let Some(input) = input.split_prefix('/') {
+            let path_start = self.serialization.len();
+            self.serialization.push('/');
+            self.parse_path(scheme_type, &mut false, path_start, input)
+        } else {
+            self.parse_cannot_be_a_base_path(input)
+        };
+        self.with_query_and_fragment(
+            scheme_type,
+            scheme_end,
+            username_end,
+            host_start,
+            host_end,
+            host,
+            port,
+            path_start,
+            remaining,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn parse_file(
+        mut self,
+        input: Input,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        mut base_file_url: Option<&Url>,
+    ) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        use SyntaxViolation::Backslash;
+        // file state
+        debug_assert!(self.serialization.is_empty());
+        let (first_char, input_after_first_char) = input.split_first();
+        match first_char {
+            None => {
+                if let Some(base_url) = base_file_url {
+                    // Copy everything except the fragment
+                    let before_fragment = match base_url.fragment_start {
+                        Some(i) => &base_url.serialization[..i as usize],
+                        None => &*base_url.serialization,
+                    };
+                    self.serialization.push_str(before_fragment);
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        fragment_start: None,
+                        ..*base_url
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    self.serialization.push_str("file:///");
+                    let scheme_end = "file".len() as u32;
+                    let path_start = "file://".len() as u32;
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        scheme_end,
+                        username_end: path_start,
+                        host_start: path_start,
+                        host_end: path_start,
+                        host: HostInternal::None,
+                        port: None,
+                        path_start,
+                        query_start: None,
+                        fragment_start: None,
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            Some('?') => {
+                if let Some(base_url) = base_file_url {
+                    // Copy everything up to the query string
+                    let before_query = match (base_url.query_start, base_url.fragment_start) {
+                        (None, None) => &*base_url.serialization,
+                        (Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => base_url.slice(..i),
+                    };
+                    self.serialization.push_str(before_query);
+                    let (query_start, fragment_start) =
+                        self.parse_query_and_fragment(scheme_type, base_url.scheme_end, input)?;
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        query_start,
+                        fragment_start,
+                        ..*base_url
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    self.serialization.push_str("file:///");
+                    let scheme_end = "file".len() as u32;
+                    let path_start = "file://".len() as u32;
+                    let (query_start, fragment_start) =
+                        self.parse_query_and_fragment(scheme_type, scheme_end, input)?;
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        scheme_end,
+                        username_end: path_start,
+                        host_start: path_start,
+                        host_end: path_start,
+                        host: HostInternal::None,
+                        port: None,
+                        path_start,
+                        query_start,
+                        fragment_start,
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            Some('#') => {
+                if let Some(base_url) = base_file_url {
+                    self.fragment_only(base_url, input)
+                } else {
+                    self.serialization.push_str("file:///");
+                    let scheme_end = "file".len() as u32;
+                    let path_start = "file://".len() as u32;
+                    let fragment_start = "file:///".len() as u32;
+                    self.serialization.push('#');
+                    self.parse_fragment(input_after_first_char);
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        scheme_end,
+                        username_end: path_start,
+                        host_start: path_start,
+                        host_end: path_start,
+                        host: HostInternal::None,
+                        port: None,
+                        path_start,
+                        query_start: None,
+                        fragment_start: Some(fragment_start),
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            Some('/') | Some('\\') => {
+                self.log_violation_if(Backslash, || first_char == Some('\\'));
+                // file slash state
+                let (next_char, input_after_next_char) = input_after_first_char.split_first();
+                self.log_violation_if(Backslash, || next_char == Some('\\'));
+                if matches!(next_char, Some('/') | Some('\\')) {
+                    // file host state
+                    self.serialization.push_str("file://");
+                    let scheme_end = "file".len() as u32;
+                    let host_start = "file://".len() as u32;
+                    let (path_start, mut host, remaining) =
+                        self.parse_file_host(input_after_next_char)?;
+                    let mut host_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len())?;
+                    let mut has_host = !matches!(host, HostInternal::None);
+                    let remaining = if path_start {
+                        self.parse_path_start(SchemeType::File, &mut has_host, remaining)
+                    } else {
+                        let path_start = self.serialization.len();
+                        self.serialization.push('/');
+                        self.parse_path(SchemeType::File, &mut has_host, path_start, remaining)
+                    };
+                    // For file URLs that have a host and whose path starts
+                    // with the windows drive letter we just remove the host.
+                    if !has_host {
+                        self.serialization
+                            .drain(host_start as usize..host_end as usize);
+                        host_end = host_start;
+                        host = HostInternal::None;
+                    }
+                    let (query_start, fragment_start) =
+                        self.parse_query_and_fragment(scheme_type, scheme_end, remaining)?;
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        scheme_end,
+                        username_end: host_start,
+                        host_start,
+                        host_end,
+                        host,
+                        port: None,
+                        path_start: host_end,
+                        query_start,
+                        fragment_start,
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    self.serialization.push_str("file:///");
+                    let scheme_end = "file".len() as u32;
+                    let path_start = "file://".len();
+                    if let Some(base_url) = base_file_url {
+                        let first_segment = base_url.path_segments().unwrap().next().unwrap();
+                        // FIXME: *normalized* drive letter
+                        if is_windows_drive_letter(first_segment) {
+                            self.serialization.push_str(first_segment);
+                            self.serialization.push('/');
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let remaining = self.parse_path(
+                        SchemeType::File,
+                        &mut false,
+                        path_start,
+                        input_after_first_char,
+                    );
+                    let (query_start, fragment_start) =
+                        self.parse_query_and_fragment(scheme_type, scheme_end, remaining)?;
+                    let path_start = path_start as u32;
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        scheme_end,
+                        username_end: path_start,
+                        host_start: path_start,
+                        host_end: path_start,
+                        host: HostInternal::None,
+                        port: None,
+                        path_start,
+                        query_start,
+                        fragment_start,
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                if starts_with_windows_drive_letter_segment(&input) {
+                    base_file_url = None;
+                }
+                if let Some(base_url) = base_file_url {
+                    let before_query = match (base_url.query_start, base_url.fragment_start) {
+                        (None, None) => &*base_url.serialization,
+                        (Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => base_url.slice(..i),
+                    };
+                    self.serialization.push_str(before_query);
+                    self.pop_path(SchemeType::File, base_url.path_start as usize);
+                    let remaining = self.parse_path(
+                        SchemeType::File,
+                        &mut true,
+                        base_url.path_start as usize,
+                        input,
+                    );
+                    self.with_query_and_fragment(
+                        SchemeType::File,
+                        base_url.scheme_end,
+                        base_url.username_end,
+                        base_url.host_start,
+                        base_url.host_end,
+                        base_url.host,
+                        base_url.port,
+                        base_url.path_start,
+                        remaining,
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    self.serialization.push_str("file:///");
+                    let scheme_end = "file".len() as u32;
+                    let path_start = "file://".len();
+                    let remaining =
+                        self.parse_path(SchemeType::File, &mut false, path_start, input);
+                    let (query_start, fragment_start) =
+                        self.parse_query_and_fragment(SchemeType::File, scheme_end, remaining)?;
+                    let path_start = path_start as u32;
+                    Ok(Url {
+                        serialization: self.serialization,
+                        scheme_end,
+                        username_end: path_start,
+                        host_start: path_start,
+                        host_end: path_start,
+                        host: HostInternal::None,
+                        port: None,
+                        path_start,
+                        query_start,
+                        fragment_start,
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_relative(
+        mut self,
+        input: Input,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        base_url: &Url,
+    ) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        // relative state
+        debug_assert!(self.serialization.is_empty());
+        let (first_char, input_after_first_char) = input.split_first();
+        match first_char {
+            None => {
+                // Copy everything except the fragment
+                let before_fragment = match base_url.fragment_start {
+                    Some(i) => &base_url.serialization[..i as usize],
+                    None => &*base_url.serialization,
+                };
+                self.serialization.push_str(before_fragment);
+                Ok(Url {
+                    serialization: self.serialization,
+                    fragment_start: None,
+                    ..*base_url
+                })
+            }
+            Some('?') => {
+                // Copy everything up to the query string
+                let before_query = match (base_url.query_start, base_url.fragment_start) {
+                    (None, None) => &*base_url.serialization,
+                    (Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => base_url.slice(..i),
+                };
+                self.serialization.push_str(before_query);
+                let (query_start, fragment_start) =
+                    self.parse_query_and_fragment(scheme_type, base_url.scheme_end, input)?;
+                Ok(Url {
+                    serialization: self.serialization,
+                    query_start,
+                    fragment_start,
+                    ..*base_url
+                })
+            }
+            Some('#') => self.fragment_only(base_url, input),
+            Some('/') | Some('\\') => {
+                let (slashes_count, remaining) = input.count_matching(|c| matches!(c, '/' | '\\'));
+                if slashes_count >= 2 {
+                    self.log_violation_if(SyntaxViolation::ExpectedDoubleSlash, || {
+                        input
+                            .clone()
+                            .take_while(|&c| matches!(c, '/' | '\\'))
+                            .collect::<String>()
+                            != "//"
+                    });
+                    let scheme_end = base_url.scheme_end;
+                    debug_assert!(base_url.byte_at(scheme_end) == b':');
+                    self.serialization
+                        .push_str(base_url.slice(..scheme_end + 1));
+                    return self.after_double_slash(remaining, scheme_type, scheme_end);
+                }
+                let path_start = base_url.path_start;
+                debug_assert!(base_url.byte_at(path_start) == b'/');
+                self.serialization
+                    .push_str(base_url.slice(..path_start + 1));
+                let remaining = self.parse_path(
+                    scheme_type,
+                    &mut true,
+                    path_start as usize,
+                    input_after_first_char,
+                );
+                self.with_query_and_fragment(
+                    scheme_type,
+                    base_url.scheme_end,
+                    base_url.username_end,
+                    base_url.host_start,
+                    base_url.host_end,
+                    base_url.host,
+                    base_url.port,
+                    base_url.path_start,
+                    remaining,
+                )
+            }
+            _ => {
+                let before_query = match (base_url.query_start, base_url.fragment_start) {
+                    (None, None) => &*base_url.serialization,
+                    (Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => base_url.slice(..i),
+                };
+                self.serialization.push_str(before_query);
+                // FIXME spec says just "remove last entry", not the "pop" algorithm
+                self.pop_path(scheme_type, base_url.path_start as usize);
+                let remaining =
+                    self.parse_path(scheme_type, &mut true, base_url.path_start as usize, input);
+                self.with_query_and_fragment(
+                    scheme_type,
+                    base_url.scheme_end,
+                    base_url.username_end,
+                    base_url.host_start,
+                    base_url.host_end,
+                    base_url.host,
+                    base_url.port,
+                    base_url.path_start,
+                    remaining,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn after_double_slash(
+        mut self,
+        input: Input,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        scheme_end: u32,
+    ) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        self.serialization.push('/');
+        self.serialization.push('/');
+        // authority state
+        let (username_end, remaining) = self.parse_userinfo(input, scheme_type)?;
+        // host state
+        let host_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len())?;
+        let (host_end, host, port, remaining) =
+            self.parse_host_and_port(remaining, scheme_end, scheme_type)?;
+        // path state
+        let path_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len())?;
+        let remaining = self.parse_path_start(scheme_type, &mut true, remaining);
+        self.with_query_and_fragment(
+            scheme_type,
+            scheme_end,
+            username_end,
+            host_start,
+            host_end,
+            host,
+            port,
+            path_start,
+            remaining,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Return (username_end, remaining)
+    fn parse_userinfo<'i>(
+        &mut self,
+        mut input: Input<'i>,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+    ) -> ParseResult<(u32, Input<'i>)> {
+        let mut last_at = None;
+        let mut remaining = input.clone();
+        let mut char_count = 0;
+        while let Some(c) = remaining.next() {
+            match c {
+                '@' => {
+                    if last_at.is_some() {
+                        self.log_violation(SyntaxViolation::UnencodedAtSign)
+                    } else {
+                        self.log_violation(SyntaxViolation::EmbeddedCredentials)
+                    }
+                    last_at = Some((char_count, remaining.clone()))
+                }
+                '/' | '?' | '#' => break,
+                '\\' if scheme_type.is_special() => break,
+                _ => (),
+            }
+            char_count += 1;
+        }
+        let (mut userinfo_char_count, remaining) = match last_at {
+            None => return Ok((to_u32(self.serialization.len())?, input)),
+            Some((0, remaining)) => return Ok((to_u32(self.serialization.len())?, remaining)),
+            Some(x) => x,
+        };
+
+        let mut username_end = None;
+        let mut has_password = false;
+        let mut has_username = false;
+        while userinfo_char_count > 0 {
+            let (c, utf8_c) = input.next_utf8().unwrap();
+            userinfo_char_count -= 1;
+            if c == ':' && username_end.is_none() {
+                // Start parsing password
+                username_end = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len())?);
+                // We don't add a colon if the password is empty
+                if userinfo_char_count > 0 {
+                    self.serialization.push(':');
+                    has_password = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if !has_password {
+                    has_username = true;
+                }
+                self.check_url_code_point(c, &input);
+                self.serialization
+                    .extend(utf8_percent_encode(utf8_c, USERINFO));
+            }
+        }
+        let username_end = match username_end {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => to_u32(self.serialization.len())?,
+        };
+        if has_username || has_password {
+            self.serialization.push('@');
+        }
+        Ok((username_end, remaining))
+    }
+
+    fn parse_host_and_port<'i>(
+        &mut self,
+        input: Input<'i>,
+        scheme_end: u32,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+    ) -> ParseResult<(u32, HostInternal, Option<u16>, Input<'i>)> {
+        let (host, remaining) = Parser::parse_host(input, scheme_type)?;
+        write!(&mut self.serialization, "{}", host).unwrap();
+        let host_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len())?;
+        let (port, remaining) = if let Some(remaining) = remaining.split_prefix(':') {
+            let scheme = || default_port(&self.serialization[..scheme_end as usize]);
+            Parser::parse_port(remaining, scheme, self.context)?
+        } else {
+            (None, remaining)
+        };
+        if let Some(port) = port {
+            write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", port).unwrap()
+        }
+        Ok((host_end, host.into(), port, remaining))
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_host(
+        mut input: Input,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+    ) -> ParseResult<(Host<String>, Input)> {
+        // Undo the Input abstraction here to avoid allocating in the common case
+        // where the host part of the input does not contain any tab or newline
+        let input_str = input.chars.as_str();
+        let mut inside_square_brackets = false;
+        let mut has_ignored_chars = false;
+        let mut non_ignored_chars = 0;
+        let mut bytes = 0;
+        for c in input_str.chars() {
+            match c {
+                ':' if !inside_square_brackets => break,
+                '\\' if scheme_type.is_special() => break,
+                '/' | '?' | '#' => break,
+                '\t' | '\n' | '\r' => {
+                    has_ignored_chars = true;
+                }
+                '[' => {
+                    inside_square_brackets = true;
+                    non_ignored_chars += 1
+                }
+                ']' => {
+                    inside_square_brackets = false;
+                    non_ignored_chars += 1
+                }
+                _ => non_ignored_chars += 1,
+            }
+            bytes += c.len_utf8();
+        }
+        let replaced: String;
+        let host_str;
+        {
+            let host_input = input.by_ref().take(non_ignored_chars);
+            if has_ignored_chars {
+                replaced = host_input.collect();
+                host_str = &*replaced
+            } else {
+                for _ in host_input {}
+                host_str = &input_str[..bytes]
+            }
+        }
+        if scheme_type.is_special() && host_str.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost);
+        }
+        if !scheme_type.is_special() {
+            let host = Host::parse_opaque(host_str)?;
+            return Ok((host, input));
+        }
+        let host = Host::parse(host_str)?;
+        Ok((host, input))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn parse_file_host<'i>(
+        &mut self,
+        input: Input<'i>,
+    ) -> ParseResult<(bool, HostInternal, Input<'i>)> {
+        // Undo the Input abstraction here to avoid allocating in the common case
+        // where the host part of the input does not contain any tab or newline
+        let input_str = input.chars.as_str();
+        let mut has_ignored_chars = false;
+        let mut non_ignored_chars = 0;
+        let mut bytes = 0;
+        for c in input_str.chars() {
+            match c {
+                '/' | '\\' | '?' | '#' => break,
+                '\t' | '\n' | '\r' => has_ignored_chars = true,
+                _ => non_ignored_chars += 1,
+            }
+            bytes += c.len_utf8();
+        }
+        let replaced: String;
+        let host_str;
+        let mut remaining = input.clone();
+        {
+            let host_input = remaining.by_ref().take(non_ignored_chars);
+            if has_ignored_chars {
+                replaced = host_input.collect();
+                host_str = &*replaced
+            } else {
+                for _ in host_input {}
+                host_str = &input_str[..bytes]
+            }
+        }
+        if is_windows_drive_letter(host_str) {
+            return Ok((false, HostInternal::None, input));
+        }
+        let host = if host_str.is_empty() {
+            HostInternal::None
+        } else {
+            match Host::parse(host_str)? {
+                Host::Domain(ref d) if d == "localhost" => HostInternal::None,
+                host => {
+                    write!(&mut self.serialization, "{}", host).unwrap();
+                    host.into()
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        Ok((true, host, remaining))
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_port<P>(
+        mut input: Input,
+        default_port: P,
+        context: Context,
+    ) -> ParseResult<(Option<u16>, Input)>
+    where
+        P: Fn() -> Option<u16>,
+    {
+        let mut port: u32 = 0;
+        let mut has_any_digit = false;
+        while let (Some(c), remaining) = input.split_first() {
+            if let Some(digit) = c.to_digit(10) {
+                port = port * 10 + digit;
+                if port > ::std::u16::MAX as u32 {
+                    return Err(ParseError::InvalidPort);
+                }
+                has_any_digit = true;
+            } else if context == Context::UrlParser && !matches!(c, '/' | '\\' | '?' | '#') {
+                return Err(ParseError::InvalidPort);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+            input = remaining;
+        }
+        let mut opt_port = Some(port as u16);
+        if !has_any_digit || opt_port == default_port() {
+            opt_port = None;
+        }
+        Ok((opt_port, input))
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_path_start<'i>(
+        &mut self,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        has_host: &mut bool,
+        mut input: Input<'i>,
+    ) -> Input<'i> {
+        // Path start state
+        match input.split_first() {
+            (Some('/'), remaining) => input = remaining,
+            (Some('\\'), remaining) => {
+                if scheme_type.is_special() {
+                    self.log_violation(SyntaxViolation::Backslash);
+                    input = remaining
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        let path_start = self.serialization.len();
+        self.serialization.push('/');
+        self.parse_path(scheme_type, has_host, path_start, input)
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_path<'i>(
+        &mut self,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        has_host: &mut bool,
+        path_start: usize,
+        mut input: Input<'i>,
+    ) -> Input<'i> {
+        // Relative path state
+        debug_assert!(self.serialization.ends_with('/'));
+        loop {
+            let segment_start = self.serialization.len();
+            let mut ends_with_slash = false;
+            loop {
+                let input_before_c = input.clone();
+                let (c, utf8_c) = if let Some(x) = input.next_utf8() {
+                    x
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                };
+                match c {
+                    '/' if self.context != Context::PathSegmentSetter => {
+                        ends_with_slash = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    '\\' if self.context != Context::PathSegmentSetter
+                        && scheme_type.is_special() =>
+                    {
+                        self.log_violation(SyntaxViolation::Backslash);
+                        ends_with_slash = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    '?' | '#' if self.context == Context::UrlParser => {
+                        input = input_before_c;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        self.check_url_code_point(c, &input);
+                        if self.context == Context::PathSegmentSetter {
+                            if scheme_type.is_special() {
+                                self.serialization
+                                    .extend(utf8_percent_encode(utf8_c, SPECIAL_PATH_SEGMENT));
+                            } else {
+                                self.serialization
+                                    .extend(utf8_percent_encode(utf8_c, PATH_SEGMENT));
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            self.serialization.extend(utf8_percent_encode(utf8_c, PATH));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            match &self.serialization[segment_start..] {
+                ".." | "%2e%2e" | "%2e%2E" | "%2E%2e" | "%2E%2E" | "%2e." | "%2E." | ".%2e"
+                | ".%2E" => {
+                    debug_assert!(self.serialization.as_bytes()[segment_start - 1] == b'/');
+                    self.serialization.truncate(segment_start - 1); // Truncate "/.."
+                    self.pop_path(scheme_type, path_start);
+                    if !self.serialization[path_start..].ends_with('/') {
+                        self.serialization.push('/')
+                    }
+                }
+                "." | "%2e" | "%2E" => {
+                    self.serialization.truncate(segment_start);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    if scheme_type.is_file()
+                        && is_windows_drive_letter(&self.serialization[path_start + 1..])
+                    {
+                        if self.serialization.ends_with('|') {
+                            self.serialization.pop();
+                            self.serialization.push(':');
+                        }
+                        if *has_host {
+                            self.log_violation(SyntaxViolation::FileWithHostAndWindowsDrive);
+                            *has_host = false; // FIXME account for this in callers
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if ends_with_slash {
+                        self.serialization.push('/')
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if !ends_with_slash {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        input
+    }
+
+    /// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#pop-a-urls-path
+    fn pop_path(&mut self, scheme_type: SchemeType, path_start: usize) {
+        if self.serialization.len() > path_start {
+            let slash_position = self.serialization[path_start..].rfind('/').unwrap();
+            // + 1 since rfind returns the position before the slash.
+            let segment_start = path_start + slash_position + 1;
+            // Don’t pop a Windows drive letter
+            // FIXME: *normalized* Windows drive letter
+            if !(scheme_type.is_file()
+                && is_windows_drive_letter(&self.serialization[segment_start..]))
+            {
+                self.serialization.truncate(segment_start);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_cannot_be_a_base_path<'i>(&mut self, mut input: Input<'i>) -> Input<'i> {
+        loop {
+            let input_before_c = input.clone();
+            match input.next_utf8() {
+                Some(('?', _)) | Some(('#', _)) if self.context == Context::UrlParser => {
+                    return input_before_c
+                }
+                Some((c, utf8_c)) => {
+                    self.check_url_code_point(c, &input);
+                    self.serialization
+                        .extend(utf8_percent_encode(utf8_c, CONTROLS));
+                }
+                None => return input,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn with_query_and_fragment(
+        mut self,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        scheme_end: u32,
+        username_end: u32,
+        host_start: u32,
+        host_end: u32,
+        host: HostInternal,
+        port: Option<u16>,
+        path_start: u32,
+        remaining: Input,
+    ) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        let (query_start, fragment_start) =
+            self.parse_query_and_fragment(scheme_type, scheme_end, remaining)?;
+        Ok(Url {
+            serialization: self.serialization,
+            scheme_end,
+            username_end,
+            host_start,
+            host_end,
+            host,
+            port,
+            path_start,
+            query_start,
+            fragment_start,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Return (query_start, fragment_start)
+    fn parse_query_and_fragment(
+        &mut self,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        scheme_end: u32,
+        mut input: Input,
+    ) -> ParseResult<(Option<u32>, Option<u32>)> {
+        let mut query_start = None;
+        match input.next() {
+            Some('#') => {}
+            Some('?') => {
+                query_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len())?);
+                self.serialization.push('?');
+                let remaining = self.parse_query(scheme_type, scheme_end, input);
+                if let Some(remaining) = remaining {
+                    input = remaining
+                } else {
+                    return Ok((query_start, None));
+                }
+            }
+            None => return Ok((None, None)),
+            _ => panic!("Programming error. parse_query_and_fragment() called without ? or #"),
+        }
+
+        let fragment_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len())?;
+        self.serialization.push('#');
+        self.parse_fragment(input);
+        Ok((query_start, Some(fragment_start)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_query<'i>(
+        &mut self,
+        scheme_type: SchemeType,
+        scheme_end: u32,
+        mut input: Input<'i>,
+    ) -> Option<Input<'i>> {
+        let mut query = String::new(); // FIXME: use a streaming decoder instead
+        let mut remaining = None;
+        while let Some(c) = input.next() {
+            if c == '#' && self.context == Context::UrlParser {
+                remaining = Some(input);
+                break;
+            } else {
+                self.check_url_code_point(c, &input);
+                query.push(c);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let encoding = match &self.serialization[..scheme_end as usize] {
+            "http" | "https" | "file" | "ftp" | "gopher" => self.query_encoding_override,
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        let query_bytes = ::query_encoding::encode(encoding, &query);
+        let set = if scheme_type.is_special() {
+            SPECIAL_QUERY
+        } else {
+            QUERY
+        };
+        self.serialization.extend(percent_encode(&query_bytes, set));
+        remaining
+    }
+
+    fn fragment_only(mut self, base_url: &Url, mut input: Input) -> ParseResult<Url> {
+        let before_fragment = match base_url.fragment_start {
+            Some(i) => base_url.slice(..i),
+            None => &*base_url.serialization,
+        };
+        debug_assert!(self.serialization.is_empty());
+        self.serialization
+            .reserve(before_fragment.len() + input.chars.as_str().len());
+        self.serialization.push_str(before_fragment);
+        self.serialization.push('#');
+        let next = input.next();
+        debug_assert!(next == Some('#'));
+        self.parse_fragment(input);
+        Ok(Url {
+            serialization: self.serialization,
+            fragment_start: Some(to_u32(before_fragment.len())?),
+            ..*base_url
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_fragment(&mut self, mut input: Input) {
+        while let Some((c, utf8_c)) = input.next_utf8() {
+            if c == '\0' {
+                self.log_violation(SyntaxViolation::NullInFragment)
+            } else {
+                self.check_url_code_point(c, &input);
+                self.serialization.extend(utf8_percent_encode(
+                    utf8_c,
+                    // FIXME: tests fail when we use the FRAGMENT set here
+                    // as defined in the spec as of 2019-07-17,
+                    // likely because tests are out of date.
+                    // See https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/290
+                    CONTROLS,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_url_code_point(&self, c: char, input: &Input) {
+        if let Some(vfn) = self.violation_fn {
+            if c == '%' {
+                let mut input = input.clone();
+                if !matches!((input.next(), input.next()), (Some(a), Some(b))
+                             if is_ascii_hex_digit(a) && is_ascii_hex_digit(b))
+                {
+                    vfn(SyntaxViolation::PercentDecode)
+                }
+            } else if !is_url_code_point(c) {
+                vfn(SyntaxViolation::NonUrlCodePoint)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn is_ascii_hex_digit(c: char) -> bool {
+    matches!(c, 'a'..='f' | 'A'..='F' | '0'..='9')
+}
+
+// Non URL code points:
+// U+0000 to U+0020 (space)
+// " # % < > [ \ ] ^ ` { | }
+// U+007F to U+009F
+// surrogates
+// U+FDD0 to U+FDEF
+// Last two of each plane: U+__FFFE to U+__FFFF for __ in 00 to 10 hex
+#[inline]
+fn is_url_code_point(c: char) -> bool {
+    matches!(c,
+        'a'..='z' |
+        'A'..='Z' |
+        '0'..='9' |
+        '!' | '$' | '&' | '\'' | '(' | ')' | '*' | '+' | ',' | '-' |
+        '.' | '/' | ':' | ';' | '=' | '?' | '@' | '_' | '~' |
+        '\u{A0}'..='\u{D7FF}' | '\u{E000}'..='\u{FDCF}' | '\u{FDF0}'..='\u{FFFD}' |
+        '\u{10000}'..='\u{1FFFD}' | '\u{20000}'..='\u{2FFFD}' |
+        '\u{30000}'..='\u{3FFFD}' | '\u{40000}'..='\u{4FFFD}' |
+        '\u{50000}'..='\u{5FFFD}' | '\u{60000}'..='\u{6FFFD}' |
+        '\u{70000}'..='\u{7FFFD}' | '\u{80000}'..='\u{8FFFD}' |
+        '\u{90000}'..='\u{9FFFD}' | '\u{A0000}'..='\u{AFFFD}' |
+        '\u{B0000}'..='\u{BFFFD}' | '\u{C0000}'..='\u{CFFFD}' |
+        '\u{D0000}'..='\u{DFFFD}' | '\u{E1000}'..='\u{EFFFD}' |
+        '\u{F0000}'..='\u{FFFFD}' | '\u{100000}'..='\u{10FFFD}')
+}
+
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#c0-controls-and-space
+#[inline]
+fn c0_control_or_space(ch: char) -> bool {
+    ch <= ' ' // U+0000 to U+0020
+}
+
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-alpha
+#[inline]
+pub fn ascii_alpha(ch: char) -> bool {
+    matches!(ch, 'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z')
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn to_u32(i: usize) -> ParseResult<u32> {
+    if i <= ::std::u32::MAX as usize {
+        Ok(i as u32)
+    } else {
+        Err(ParseError::Overflow)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Wether the scheme is file:, the path has a single segment, and that segment
+/// is a Windows drive letter
+fn is_windows_drive_letter(segment: &str) -> bool {
+    segment.len() == 2 && starts_with_windows_drive_letter(segment)
+}
+
+fn starts_with_windows_drive_letter(s: &str) -> bool {
+    ascii_alpha(s.as_bytes()[0] as char) && matches!(s.as_bytes()[1], b':' | b'|')
+}
+
+fn starts_with_windows_drive_letter_segment(input: &Input) -> bool {
+    let mut input = input.clone();
+    matches!((input.next(), input.next(), input.next()), (Some(a), Some(b), Some(c))
+             if ascii_alpha(a) && matches!(b, ':' | '|') && matches!(c, '/' | '\\' | '?' | '#'))
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/path_segments.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/path_segments.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97055e777c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/path_segments.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use parser::{self, to_u32, SchemeType};
+use std::str;
+use Url;
+
+/// Exposes methods to manipulate the path of an URL that is not cannot-be-base.
+///
+/// The path always starts with a `/` slash, and is made of slash-separated segments.
+/// There is always at least one segment (which may be the empty string).
+///
+/// Examples:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use url::Url;
+/// # use std::error::Error;
+///
+/// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+/// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:me@example.com")?;
+/// assert!(url.path_segments_mut().is_err());
+///
+/// let mut url = Url::parse("http://example.net/foo/index.html")?;
+/// url.path_segments_mut().map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?
+///     .pop().push("img").push("2/100%.png");
+/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://example.net/foo/img/2%2F100%25.png");
+/// # Ok(())
+/// # }
+/// # run().unwrap();
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct PathSegmentsMut<'a> {
+    url: &'a mut Url,
+    after_first_slash: usize,
+    after_path: String,
+    old_after_path_position: u32,
+}
+
+// Not re-exported outside the crate
+pub fn new(url: &mut Url) -> PathSegmentsMut {
+    let after_path = url.take_after_path();
+    let old_after_path_position = to_u32(url.serialization.len()).unwrap();
+    debug_assert!(url.byte_at(url.path_start) == b'/');
+    PathSegmentsMut {
+        after_first_slash: url.path_start as usize + "/".len(),
+        url,
+        old_after_path_position,
+        after_path,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Drop for PathSegmentsMut<'a> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.url
+            .restore_after_path(self.old_after_path_position, &self.after_path)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PathSegmentsMut<'a> {
+    /// Remove all segments in the path, leaving the minimal `url.path() == "/"`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `&mut Self` so that method calls can be chained.
+    ///
+    /// Example:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use std::error::Error;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://github.com/servo/rust-url/")?;
+    /// url.path_segments_mut().map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?
+    ///     .clear().push("logout");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://github.com/logout");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.url.serialization.truncate(self.after_first_slash);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Remove the last segment of this URL’s path if it is empty,
+    /// except if these was only one segment to begin with.
+    ///
+    /// In other words, remove one path trailing slash, if any,
+    /// unless it is also the initial slash (so this does nothing if `url.path() == "/")`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `&mut Self` so that method calls can be chained.
+    ///
+    /// Example:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use std::error::Error;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://github.com/servo/rust-url/")?;
+    /// url.path_segments_mut().map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?
+    ///     .push("pulls");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://github.com/servo/rust-url//pulls");
+    ///
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://github.com/servo/rust-url/")?;
+    /// url.path_segments_mut().map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?
+    ///     .pop_if_empty().push("pulls");
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://github.com/servo/rust-url/pulls");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn pop_if_empty(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        if self.url.serialization[self.after_first_slash..].ends_with('/') {
+            self.url.serialization.pop();
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Remove the last segment of this URL’s path.
+    ///
+    /// If the path only has one segment, make it empty such that `url.path() == "/"`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `&mut Self` so that method calls can be chained.
+    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        let last_slash = self.url.serialization[self.after_first_slash..]
+            .rfind('/')
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        self.url
+            .serialization
+            .truncate(self.after_first_slash + last_slash);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Append the given segment at the end of this URL’s path.
+    ///
+    /// See the documentation for `.extend()`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `&mut Self` so that method calls can be chained.
+    pub fn push(&mut self, segment: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.extend(Some(segment))
+    }
+
+    /// Append each segment from the given iterator at the end of this URL’s path.
+    ///
+    /// Each segment is percent-encoded like in `Url::parse` or `Url::join`,
+    /// except that `%` and `/` characters are also encoded (to `%25` and `%2F`).
+    /// This is unlike `Url::parse` where `%` is left as-is in case some of the input
+    /// is already percent-encoded, and `/` denotes a path segment separator.)
+    ///
+    /// Note that, in addition to slashes between new segments,
+    /// this always adds a slash between the existing path and the new segments
+    /// *except* if the existing path is `"/"`.
+    /// If the previous last segment was empty (if the path had a trailing slash)
+    /// the path after `.extend()` will contain two consecutive slashes.
+    /// If that is undesired, call `.pop_if_empty()` first.
+    ///
+    /// To obtain a behavior similar to `Url::join`, call `.pop()` unconditionally first.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `&mut Self` so that method calls can be chained.
+    ///
+    /// Example:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use std::error::Error;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://github.com/")?;
+    /// let org = "servo";
+    /// let repo = "rust-url";
+    /// let issue_number = "188";
+    /// url.path_segments_mut().map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?
+    ///     .extend(&[org, repo, "issues", issue_number]);
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/188");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// In order to make sure that parsing the serialization of an URL gives the same URL,
+    /// a segment is ignored if it is `"."` or `".."`:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use url::Url;
+    /// # use std::error::Error;
+    ///
+    /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://github.com/servo")?;
+    /// url.path_segments_mut().map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?
+    ///     .extend(&["..", "rust-url", ".", "pulls"]);
+    /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://github.com/servo/rust-url/pulls");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// # run().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn extend<I>(&mut self, segments: I) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator,
+        I::Item: AsRef<str>,
+    {
+        let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.url.scheme());
+        let path_start = self.url.path_start as usize;
+        self.url.mutate(|parser| {
+            parser.context = parser::Context::PathSegmentSetter;
+            for segment in segments {
+                let segment = segment.as_ref();
+                if matches!(segment, "." | "..") {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if parser.serialization.len() > path_start + 1 {
+                    parser.serialization.push('/');
+                }
+                let mut has_host = true; // FIXME account for this?
+                parser.parse_path(
+                    scheme_type,
+                    &mut has_host,
+                    path_start,
+                    parser::Input::new(segment),
+                );
+            }
+        });
+        self
+    }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/query_encoding.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/query_encoding.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76aed15a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/query_encoding.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+pub type EncodingOverride<'a> = Option<&'a dyn Fn(&str) -> Cow<[u8]>>;
+
+pub(crate) fn encode<'a>(encoding_override: EncodingOverride, input: &'a str) -> Cow<'a, [u8]> {
+    if let Some(o) = encoding_override {
+        return o(input);
+    }
+    input.as_bytes().into()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn decode_utf8_lossy(input: Cow<[u8]>) -> Cow<str> {
+    match input {
+        Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes),
+        Cow::Owned(bytes) => {
+            let raw_utf8: *const [u8];
+            match String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes) {
+                Cow::Borrowed(utf8) => raw_utf8 = utf8.as_bytes(),
+                Cow::Owned(s) => return s.into(),
+            }
+            // from_utf8_lossy returned a borrow of `bytes` unchanged.
+            debug_assert!(raw_utf8 == &*bytes as *const [u8]);
+            // Reuse the existing `Vec` allocation.
+            unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes) }.into()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/quirks.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/quirks.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..285ee21b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/quirks.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Getters and setters for URL components implemented per https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#api
+//!
+//! Unless you need to be interoperable with web browsers,
+//! you probably want to use `Url` method instead.
+
+use parser::{default_port, Context, Input, Parser, SchemeType};
+use {idna, Host, ParseError, Position, Url};
+
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-domaintoascii
+pub fn domain_to_ascii(domain: &str) -> String {
+    match Host::parse(domain) {
+        Ok(Host::Domain(domain)) => domain,
+        _ => String::new(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-domaintounicode
+pub fn domain_to_unicode(domain: &str) -> String {
+    match Host::parse(domain) {
+        Ok(Host::Domain(ref domain)) => {
+            let (unicode, _errors) = idna::domain_to_unicode(domain);
+            unicode
+        }
+        _ => String::new(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-href
+pub fn href(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    url.as_str()
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-href
+pub fn set_href(url: &mut Url, value: &str) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+    *url = Url::parse(value)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-origin
+pub fn origin(url: &Url) -> String {
+    url.origin().ascii_serialization()
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-protocol
+#[inline]
+pub fn protocol(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    &url.as_str()[..url.scheme().len() + ":".len()]
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-protocol
+pub fn set_protocol(url: &mut Url, mut new_protocol: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    // The scheme state in the spec ignores everything after the first `:`,
+    // but `set_scheme` errors if there is more.
+    if let Some(position) = new_protocol.find(':') {
+        new_protocol = &new_protocol[..position];
+    }
+    url.set_scheme(new_protocol)
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-username
+#[inline]
+pub fn username(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    url.username()
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-username
+pub fn set_username(url: &mut Url, new_username: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    url.set_username(new_username)
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-password
+#[inline]
+pub fn password(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    url.password().unwrap_or("")
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-password
+pub fn set_password(url: &mut Url, new_password: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    url.set_password(if new_password.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(new_password)
+    })
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-host
+#[inline]
+pub fn host(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    &url[Position::BeforeHost..Position::AfterPort]
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-host
+pub fn set_host(url: &mut Url, new_host: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    if url.cannot_be_a_base() {
+        return Err(());
+    }
+    let host;
+    let opt_port;
+    {
+        let scheme = url.scheme();
+        let result = Parser::parse_host(Input::new(new_host), SchemeType::from(scheme));
+        match result {
+            Ok((h, remaining)) => {
+                host = h;
+                opt_port = if let Some(remaining) = remaining.split_prefix(':') {
+                    Parser::parse_port(remaining, || default_port(scheme), Context::Setter)
+                        .ok()
+                        .map(|(port, _remaining)| port)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                };
+            }
+            Err(_) => return Err(()),
+        }
+    }
+    url.set_host_internal(host, opt_port);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hostname
+#[inline]
+pub fn hostname(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    url.host_str().unwrap_or("")
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hostname
+pub fn set_hostname(url: &mut Url, new_hostname: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    if url.cannot_be_a_base() {
+        return Err(());
+    }
+    let result = Parser::parse_host(Input::new(new_hostname), SchemeType::from(url.scheme()));
+    if let Ok((host, _remaining)) = result {
+        url.set_host_internal(host, None);
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-port
+#[inline]
+pub fn port(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    &url[Position::BeforePort..Position::AfterPort]
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-port
+pub fn set_port(url: &mut Url, new_port: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    let result;
+    {
+        // has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base
+        let scheme = url.scheme();
+        if !url.has_host() || url.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || scheme == "file" {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+        result = Parser::parse_port(
+            Input::new(new_port),
+            || default_port(scheme),
+            Context::Setter,
+        )
+    }
+    if let Ok((new_port, _remaining)) = result {
+        url.set_port_internal(new_port);
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-pathname
+#[inline]
+pub fn pathname(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    url.path()
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-pathname
+pub fn set_pathname(url: &mut Url, new_pathname: &str) {
+    if !url.cannot_be_a_base() {
+        url.set_path(new_pathname)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-search
+pub fn search(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    trim(&url[Position::AfterPath..Position::AfterQuery])
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-search
+pub fn set_search(url: &mut Url, new_search: &str) {
+    url.set_query(match new_search {
+        "" => None,
+        _ if new_search.starts_with('?') => Some(&new_search[1..]),
+        _ => Some(new_search),
+    })
+}
+
+/// Getter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hash
+pub fn hash(url: &Url) -> &str {
+    trim(&url[Position::AfterQuery..])
+}
+
+/// Setter for https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hash
+pub fn set_hash(url: &mut Url, new_hash: &str) {
+    if url.scheme() != "javascript" {
+        url.set_fragment(match new_hash {
+            "" => None,
+            _ if new_hash.starts_with('#') => Some(&new_hash[1..]),
+            _ => Some(new_hash),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn trim(s: &str) -> &str {
+    if s.len() == 1 {
+        ""
+    } else {
+        s
+    }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/src/slicing.rs b/third_party/rust/url/src/slicing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d7f78e6f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/src/slicing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use std::ops::{Index, Range, RangeFrom, RangeFull, RangeTo};
+use Url;
+
+impl Index<RangeFull> for Url {
+    type Output = str;
+    fn index(&self, _: RangeFull) -> &str {
+        &self.serialization
+    }
+}
+
+impl Index<RangeFrom<Position>> for Url {
+    type Output = str;
+    fn index(&self, range: RangeFrom<Position>) -> &str {
+        &self.serialization[self.index(range.start)..]
+    }
+}
+
+impl Index<RangeTo<Position>> for Url {
+    type Output = str;
+    fn index(&self, range: RangeTo<Position>) -> &str {
+        &self.serialization[..self.index(range.end)]
+    }
+}
+
+impl Index<Range<Position>> for Url {
+    type Output = str;
+    fn index(&self, range: Range<Position>) -> &str {
+        &self.serialization[self.index(range.start)..self.index(range.end)]
+    }
+}
+
+/// Indicates a position within a URL based on its components.
+///
+/// A range of positions can be used for slicing `Url`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use url::{Url, Position};
+/// # fn something(some_url: Url) {
+/// let serialization: &str = &some_url[..];
+/// let serialization_without_fragment: &str = &some_url[..Position::AfterQuery];
+/// let authority: &str = &some_url[Position::BeforeUsername..Position::AfterPort];
+/// let data_url_payload: &str = &some_url[Position::BeforePath..Position::AfterQuery];
+/// let scheme_relative: &str = &some_url[Position::BeforeUsername..];
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// In a pseudo-grammar (where `[`…`]?` makes a sub-sequence optional),
+/// URL components and delimiters that separate them are:
+///
+/// ```notrust
+/// url =
+///     scheme ":"
+///     [ "//" [ username [ ":" password ]? "@" ]? host [ ":" port ]? ]?
+///     path [ "?" query ]? [ "#" fragment ]?
+/// ```
+///
+/// When a given component is not present,
+/// its "before" and "after" position are the same
+/// (so that `&some_url[BeforeFoo..AfterFoo]` is the empty string)
+/// and component ordering is preserved
+/// (so that a missing query "is between" a path and a fragment).
+///
+/// The end of a component and the start of the next are either the same or separate
+/// by a delimiter.
+/// (Not that the initial `/` of a path is considered part of the path here, not a delimiter.)
+/// For example, `&url[..BeforeFragment]` would include a `#` delimiter (if present in `url`),
+/// so `&url[..AfterQuery]` might be desired instead.
+///
+/// `BeforeScheme` and `AfterFragment` are always the start and end of the entire URL,
+/// so `&url[BeforeScheme..X]` is the same as `&url[..X]`
+/// and `&url[X..AfterFragment]` is the same as `&url[X..]`.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum Position {
+    BeforeScheme,
+    AfterScheme,
+    BeforeUsername,
+    AfterUsername,
+    BeforePassword,
+    AfterPassword,
+    BeforeHost,
+    AfterHost,
+    BeforePort,
+    AfterPort,
+    BeforePath,
+    AfterPath,
+    BeforeQuery,
+    AfterQuery,
+    BeforeFragment,
+    AfterFragment,
+}
+
+impl Url {
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self, position: Position) -> usize {
+        match position {
+            Position::BeforeScheme => 0,
+
+            Position::AfterScheme => self.scheme_end as usize,
+
+            Position::BeforeUsername => {
+                if self.has_authority() {
+                    self.scheme_end as usize + "://".len()
+                } else {
+                    debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':');
+                    debug_assert!(self.scheme_end + ":".len() as u32 == self.username_end);
+                    self.scheme_end as usize + ":".len()
+                }
+            }
+
+            Position::AfterUsername => self.username_end as usize,
+
+            Position::BeforePassword => {
+                if self.has_authority() && self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' {
+                    self.username_end as usize + ":".len()
+                } else {
+                    debug_assert!(self.username_end == self.host_start);
+                    self.username_end as usize
+                }
+            }
+
+            Position::AfterPassword => {
+                if self.has_authority() && self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' {
+                    debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - "@".len() as u32) == b'@');
+                    self.host_start as usize - "@".len()
+                } else {
+                    debug_assert!(self.username_end == self.host_start);
+                    self.host_start as usize
+                }
+            }
+
+            Position::BeforeHost => self.host_start as usize,
+
+            Position::AfterHost => self.host_end as usize,
+
+            Position::BeforePort => {
+                if self.port.is_some() {
+                    debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.host_end) == b':');
+                    self.host_end as usize + ":".len()
+                } else {
+                    self.host_end as usize
+                }
+            }
+
+            Position::AfterPort => self.path_start as usize,
+
+            Position::BeforePath => self.path_start as usize,
+
+            Position::AfterPath => match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
+                (Some(q), _) => q as usize,
+                (None, Some(f)) => f as usize,
+                (None, None) => self.serialization.len(),
+            },
+
+            Position::BeforeQuery => match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
+                (Some(q), _) => {
+                    debug_assert!(self.byte_at(q) == b'?');
+                    q as usize + "?".len()
+                }
+                (None, Some(f)) => f as usize,
+                (None, None) => self.serialization.len(),
+            },
+
+            Position::AfterQuery => match self.fragment_start {
+                None => self.serialization.len(),
+                Some(f) => f as usize,
+            },
+
+            Position::BeforeFragment => match self.fragment_start {
+                Some(f) => {
+                    debug_assert!(self.byte_at(f) == b'#');
+                    f as usize + "#".len()
+                }
+                None => self.serialization.len(),
+            },
+
+            Position::AfterFragment => self.serialization.len(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/tests/data.rs b/third_party/rust/url/tests/data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b462ec2fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/tests/data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+// Copyright 2013-2014 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Data-driven tests
+
+extern crate rustc_test as test;
+extern crate serde_json;
+extern crate url;
+
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use url::{quirks, Url};
+
+fn check_invariants(url: &Url) {
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+    {
+        let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(url).unwrap();
+        let new_url: Url = serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(url, &new_url);
+    }
+}
+
+fn run_parsing(input: &str, base: &str, expected: Result<ExpectedAttributes, ()>) {
+    let base = match Url::parse(&base) {
+        Ok(base) => base,
+        Err(_) if expected.is_err() => return,
+        Err(message) => panic!("Error parsing base {:?}: {}", base, message),
+    };
+    let (url, expected) = match (base.join(&input), expected) {
+        (Ok(url), Ok(expected)) => (url, expected),
+        (Err(_), Err(())) => return,
+        (Err(message), Ok(_)) => panic!("Error parsing URL {:?}: {}", input, message),
+        (Ok(_), Err(())) => panic!("Expected a parse error for URL {:?}", input),
+    };
+
+    check_invariants(&url);
+
+    macro_rules! assert_eq {
+        ($expected: expr, $got: expr) => {{
+            let expected = $expected;
+            let got = $got;
+            assert!(
+                expected == got,
+                "\n{:?}\n!= {}\n{:?}\nfor URL {:?}\n",
+                got,
+                stringify!($expected),
+                expected,
+                url
+            );
+        }};
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_attributes {
+        ($($attr: ident)+) => {
+            {
+                $(
+                    assert_eq!(expected.$attr, quirks::$attr(&url));
+                )+;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert_attributes!(href protocol username password host hostname port pathname search hash);
+
+    if let Some(expected_origin) = expected.origin {
+        assert_eq!(expected_origin, quirks::origin(&url));
+    }
+}
+
+struct ExpectedAttributes {
+    href: String,
+    origin: Option<String>,
+    protocol: String,
+    username: String,
+    password: String,
+    host: String,
+    hostname: String,
+    port: String,
+    pathname: String,
+    search: String,
+    hash: String,
+}
+
+trait JsonExt {
+    fn take_key(&mut self, key: &str) -> Option<Value>;
+    fn string(self) -> String;
+    fn take_string(&mut self, key: &str) -> String;
+}
+
+impl JsonExt for Value {
+    fn take_key(&mut self, key: &str) -> Option<Value> {
+        self.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove(key)
+    }
+
+    fn string(self) -> String {
+        if let Value::String(s) = self {
+            s
+        } else {
+            panic!("Not a Value::String")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn take_string(&mut self, key: &str) -> String {
+        self.take_key(key).unwrap().string()
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_parsing<F: FnMut(String, test::TestFn)>(add_test: &mut F) {
+    // Copied form https://github.com/w3c/web-platform-tests/blob/master/url/
+    let mut json = Value::from_str(include_str!("urltestdata.json"))
+        .expect("JSON parse error in urltestdata.json");
+    for entry in json.as_array_mut().unwrap() {
+        if entry.is_string() {
+            continue; // ignore comments
+        }
+        let base = entry.take_string("base");
+        let input = entry.take_string("input");
+        let expected = if entry.take_key("failure").is_some() {
+            Err(())
+        } else {
+            Ok(ExpectedAttributes {
+                href: entry.take_string("href"),
+                origin: entry.take_key("origin").map(|s| s.string()),
+                protocol: entry.take_string("protocol"),
+                username: entry.take_string("username"),
+                password: entry.take_string("password"),
+                host: entry.take_string("host"),
+                hostname: entry.take_string("hostname"),
+                port: entry.take_string("port"),
+                pathname: entry.take_string("pathname"),
+                search: entry.take_string("search"),
+                hash: entry.take_string("hash"),
+            })
+        };
+        add_test(
+            format!("{:?} @ base {:?}", input, base),
+            test::TestFn::dyn_test_fn(move || run_parsing(&input, &base, expected)),
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_setters<F>(add_test: &mut F)
+where
+    F: FnMut(String, test::TestFn),
+{
+    let mut json = Value::from_str(include_str!("setters_tests.json"))
+        .expect("JSON parse error in setters_tests.json");
+
+    macro_rules! setter {
+        ($attr: expr, $setter: ident) => {{
+            let mut tests = json.take_key($attr).unwrap();
+            for mut test in tests.as_array_mut().unwrap().drain(..) {
+                let comment = test.take_key("comment")
+                    .map(|s| s.string())
+                    .unwrap_or(String::new());
+                let href = test.take_string("href");
+                let new_value = test.take_string("new_value");
+                let name = format!("{:?}.{} = {:?} {}", href, $attr, new_value, comment);
+                let mut expected = test.take_key("expected").unwrap();
+                add_test(name, test::TestFn::dyn_test_fn(move || {
+                    let mut url = Url::parse(&href).unwrap();
+                    check_invariants(&url);
+                    let _ = quirks::$setter(&mut url, &new_value);
+                    assert_attributes!(url, expected,
+                        href protocol username password host hostname port pathname search hash);
+                    check_invariants(&url);
+                }))
+            }
+        }}
+    }
+    macro_rules! assert_attributes {
+        ($url: expr, $expected: expr, $($attr: ident)+) => {
+            $(
+                if let Some(value) = $expected.take_key(stringify!($attr)) {
+                    assert_eq!(quirks::$attr(&$url), value.string())
+                }
+            )+
+        }
+    }
+    setter!("protocol", set_protocol);
+    setter!("username", set_username);
+    setter!("password", set_password);
+    setter!("hostname", set_hostname);
+    setter!("host", set_host);
+    setter!("port", set_port);
+    setter!("pathname", set_pathname);
+    setter!("search", set_search);
+    setter!("hash", set_hash);
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut tests = Vec::new();
+    {
+        let mut add_one = |name: String, run: test::TestFn| {
+            tests.push(test::TestDescAndFn {
+                desc: test::TestDesc::new(test::DynTestName(name)),
+                testfn: run,
+            })
+        };
+        collect_parsing(&mut add_one);
+        collect_setters(&mut add_one);
+    }
+    test::test_main(&std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>(), tests)
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/tests/setters_tests.json b/third_party/rust/url/tests/setters_tests.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a45171bf39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/tests/setters_tests.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1533 @@
+{
+    "comment": [
+        "## Tests for setters of https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils-members",
+        "",
+        "This file contains a JSON object.",
+        "Other than 'comment', each key is an attribute of the `URL` interface",
+        "defined in WHATWG’s URL Standard.",
+        "The values are arrays of test case objects for that attribute.",
+        "",
+        "To run a test case for the attribute `attr`:",
+        "",
+        "* Create a new `URL` object with the value for the 'href' key",
+        "  the constructor single parameter. (Without a base URL.)",
+        "  This must not throw.",
+        "* Set the attribute `attr` to (invoke its setter with)",
+        "  with the value of for 'new_value' key.",
+        "* The value for the 'expected' key is another object.",
+        "  For each `key` / `value` pair of that object,",
+        "  get the attribute `key` (invoke its getter).",
+        "  The returned string must be equal to `value`.",
+        "",
+        "Note: the 'href' setter is already covered by urltestdata.json."
+    ],
+    "protocol": [
+        {
+            "comment": "The empty string is not a valid scheme. Setter leaves the URL unchanged.",
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "a:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "b",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "b://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "b:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Upper-case ASCII is lower-cased",
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "B",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "b://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "b:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Non-ASCII is rejected",
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "é",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "a:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "No leading digit",
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "0b",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "a:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "No leading punctuation",
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "+b",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "a:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "bC0+-.",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "bc0+-.://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "bc0+-.:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Only some punctuation is acceptable",
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "b,c",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "a:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Non-ASCII is rejected",
+            "href": "a://example.net",
+            "new_value": "bé",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "a:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Can’t switch from file URL with no host",
+            "href": "file://localhost/",
+            "new_value": "http",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file:///",
+                "protocol": "file:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "file:///test",
+            "new_value": "gopher",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file:///test",
+                "protocol": "file:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "file:",
+            "new_value": "wss",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file:///",
+                "protocol": "file:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Spec deviation: from special scheme to not is not problematic. https://github.com/whatwg/url/issues/104",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "b",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "b://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "b:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base URL doesn’t have a host, but URL in a special scheme must.",
+            "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "http",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+                "protocol": "mailto:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Spec deviation: from non-special scheme with a host to special is not problematic. https://github.com/whatwg/url/issues/104",
+            "href": "ssh://me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "http",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://me@example.net/",
+                "protocol": "http:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after the first ':' is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "https:foo : bar",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/",
+                "protocol": "https:"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after the first ':' is ignored",
+            "href": "data:text/html,<p>Test",
+            "new_value": "view-source+data:foo : bar",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+data:text/html,<p>Test",
+                "protocol": "view-source+data:"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "username": [
+        {
+            "comment": "No host means no username",
+            "href": "file:///home/you/index.html",
+            "new_value": "me",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file:///home/you/index.html",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "No host means no username",
+            "href": "unix:/run/foo.socket",
+            "new_value": "me",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "unix:/run/foo.socket",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base means no username",
+            "href": "mailto:you@example.net",
+            "new_value": "me",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "mailto:you@example.net",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "javascript:alert(1)",
+            "new_value": "wario",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "javascript:alert(1)",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "me",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://me@example.net/",
+                "username": "me"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://:secret@example.net",
+            "new_value": "me",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://me:secret@example.net/",
+                "username": "me"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://me:secret@example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://:secret@example.net/",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "UTF-8 percent encoding with the userinfo encode set.",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~\u007f\u0080\u0081Éé",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://%00%01%09%0A%0D%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-.%2F09%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F%40AZ%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60az%7B%7C%7D~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9@example.net/",
+                "username": "%00%01%09%0A%0D%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-.%2F09%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F%40AZ%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60az%7B%7C%7D~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Bytes already percent-encoded are left as-is.",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "%c3%89té",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://%c3%89t%C3%A9@example.net/",
+                "username": "%c3%89t%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc:///",
+            "new_value": "x",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "file://test/",
+            "new_value": "test",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file://test/",
+                "username": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "javascript://x/",
+            "new_value": "wario",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "javascript://wario@x/",
+                "username": "wario"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "password": [
+        {
+            "comment": "No host means no password",
+            "href": "file:///home/me/index.html",
+            "new_value": "secret",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file:///home/me/index.html",
+                "password": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "No host means no password",
+            "href": "unix:/run/foo.socket",
+            "new_value": "secret",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "unix:/run/foo.socket",
+                "password": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base means no password",
+            "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "secret",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+                "password": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "secret",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://:secret@example.net/",
+                "password": "secret"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "secret",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://me:secret@example.net/",
+                "password": "secret"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://:secret@example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "password": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://me:secret@example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://me@example.net/",
+                "password": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "UTF-8 percent encoding with the userinfo encode set.",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~\u007f\u0080\u0081Éé",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://:%00%01%09%0A%0D%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-.%2F09%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F%40AZ%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60az%7B%7C%7D~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9@example.net/",
+                "password": "%00%01%09%0A%0D%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-.%2F09%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F%40AZ%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60az%7B%7C%7D~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Bytes already percent-encoded are left as-is.",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "%c3%89té",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://:%c3%89t%C3%A9@example.net/",
+                "password": "%c3%89t%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc:///",
+            "new_value": "x",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "password": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "file://test/",
+            "new_value": "test",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file://test/",
+                "password": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "javascript://x/",
+            "new_value": "bowser",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "javascript://:bowser@x/",
+                "password": "bowser"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "host": [
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "\u0009",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "\u000A",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "\u000D",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "#",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "/",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "?",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "@",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc://x/",
+                "host": "x",
+                "hostname": "x"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "ß",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc://%C3%9F/",
+                "host": "%C3%9F",
+                "hostname": "%C3%9F"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base means no host",
+            "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "example.com",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+                "host": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base means no password",
+            "href": "data:text/plain,Stuff",
+            "new_value": "example.net",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "data:text/plain,Stuff",
+                "host": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port number is unchanged if not specified in the new value",
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080",
+            "new_value": "example.com",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port number is removed if empty in the new value: https://github.com/whatwg/url/pull/113",
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080",
+            "new_value": "example.com:",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "The empty host is not valid for special schemes",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "The empty host is OK for non-special schemes",
+            "href": "view-source+http://example.net/foo",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+http:///foo",
+                "host": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Path-only URLs can gain a host",
+            "href": "a:/foo",
+            "new_value": "example.net",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/foo",
+                "host": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "IPv4 address syntax is normalized",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "0x7F000001:8080",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://127.0.0.1:8080/",
+                "host": "127.0.0.1:8080",
+                "hostname": "127.0.0.1",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "IPv6 address syntax is normalized",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "[::0:01]:2",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://[::1]:2/",
+                "host": "[::1]:2",
+                "hostname": "[::1]",
+                "port": "2"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Default port number is removed",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "example.com:80",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Default port number is removed",
+            "href": "https://example.net",
+            "new_value": "example.com:443",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.com/",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Default port number is only removed for the relevant scheme",
+            "href": "https://example.net",
+            "new_value": "example.com:80",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.com:80/",
+                "host": "example.com:80",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "80"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a / delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com/stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a / delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080/stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a ? delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com?stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a ? delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080?stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a # delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com#stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a # delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080#stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a \\ delimiter is ignored for special schemes",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com\\stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a \\ delimiter is ignored for special schemes",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080\\stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "\\ is not a delimiter for non-special schemes, but still forbidden in hosts",
+            "href": "view-source+http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com\\stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+http://example.net/path",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Anything other than ASCII digit stops the port parser in a setter but is not an error",
+            "href": "view-source+http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080stuff2",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Anything other than ASCII digit stops the port parser in a setter but is not an error",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080stuff2",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Anything other than ASCII digit stops the port parser in a setter but is not an error",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080+2",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port numbers are 16 bit integers",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:65535",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:65535/path",
+                "host": "example.com:65535",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "65535"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port numbers are 16 bit integers, overflowing is an error. Hostname is still set, though.",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:65536",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Broken IPv6",
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[google.com]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.2.3.4x]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.2.3.]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.2.]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "hostname": [
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "\u0009",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "\u000A",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "\u000D",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "#",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "/",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "?",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "host": "",
+                "hostname": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "@",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc://x/",
+                "host": "x",
+                "hostname": "x"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base means no host",
+            "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "example.com",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+                "host": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base means no password",
+            "href": "data:text/plain,Stuff",
+            "new_value": "example.net",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "data:text/plain,Stuff",
+                "host": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080",
+            "new_value": "example.com",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "The empty host is not valid for special schemes",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "The empty host is OK for non-special schemes",
+            "href": "view-source+http://example.net/foo",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+http:///foo",
+                "host": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Path-only URLs can gain a host",
+            "href": "a:/foo",
+            "new_value": "example.net",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a://example.net/foo",
+                "host": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "IPv4 address syntax is normalized",
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080",
+            "new_value": "0x7F000001",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://127.0.0.1:8080/",
+                "host": "127.0.0.1:8080",
+                "hostname": "127.0.0.1",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "IPv6 address syntax is normalized",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "[::0:01]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://[::1]/",
+                "host": "[::1]",
+                "hostname": "[::1]",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a : delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:8080",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a : delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com:",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.com:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a / delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com/stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a ? delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com?stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a # delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com#stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a \\ delimiter is ignored for special schemes",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com\\stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.com/path",
+                "host": "example.com",
+                "hostname": "example.com",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "\\ is not a delimiter for non-special schemes, but still forbidden in hosts",
+            "href": "view-source+http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "example.com\\stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+http://example.net/path",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Broken IPv6",
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[google.com]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.2.3.4x]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.2.3.]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.2.]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net/",
+            "new_value": "[::1.]",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "port": [
+        {
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "8080",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port number is removed if empty is the new value",
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Default port number is removed",
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080",
+            "new_value": "80",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Default port number is removed",
+            "href": "https://example.net:4433",
+            "new_value": "443",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/",
+                "host": "example.net",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Default port number is only removed for the relevant scheme",
+            "href": "https://example.net",
+            "new_value": "80",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net:80/",
+                "host": "example.net:80",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "80"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a / delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "8080/stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a ? delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "8080?stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a # delimiter is ignored",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "8080#stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Stuff after a \\ delimiter is ignored for special schemes",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "8080\\stuff",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Anything other than ASCII digit stops the port parser in a setter but is not an error",
+            "href": "view-source+http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "8080stuff2",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Anything other than ASCII digit stops the port parser in a setter but is not an error",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "8080stuff2",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Anything other than ASCII digit stops the port parser in a setter but is not an error",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "8080+2",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port numbers are 16 bit integers",
+            "href": "http://example.net/path",
+            "new_value": "65535",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:65535/path",
+                "host": "example.net:65535",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "65535"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port numbers are 16 bit integers, overflowing is an error",
+            "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+            "new_value": "65536",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Port numbers are 16 bit integers, overflowing is an error",
+            "href": "non-special://example.net:8080/path",
+            "new_value": "65536",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "non-special://example.net:8080/path",
+                "host": "example.net:8080",
+                "hostname": "example.net",
+                "port": "8080"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "file://test/",
+            "new_value": "12",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file://test/",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "file://localhost/",
+            "new_value": "12",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "file:///",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "non-base:value",
+            "new_value": "12",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "non-base:value",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc:///",
+            "new_value": "12",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc:///",
+                "port": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "sc://x/",
+            "new_value": "12",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc://x:12/",
+                "port": "12"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "javascript://x/",
+            "new_value": "12",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "javascript://x:12/",
+                "port": "12"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "pathname": [
+        {
+            "comment": "Cannot-be-a-base don’t have a path",
+            "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+            "new_value": "/foo",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "mailto:me@example.net",
+                "pathname": "me@example.net"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "unix:/run/foo.socket?timeout=10",
+            "new_value": "/var/log/../run/bar.socket",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "unix:/var/run/bar.socket?timeout=10",
+                "pathname": "/var/run/bar.socket"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net#nav",
+            "new_value": "home",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/home#nav",
+                "pathname": "/home"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net#nav",
+            "new_value": "../home",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/home#nav",
+                "pathname": "/home"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "\\ is a segment delimiter for 'special' URLs",
+            "href": "http://example.net/home?lang=fr#nav",
+            "new_value": "\\a\\%2E\\b\\%2e.\\c",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/a/c?lang=fr#nav",
+                "pathname": "/a/c"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "\\ is *not* a segment delimiter for non-'special' URLs",
+            "href": "view-source+http://example.net/home?lang=fr#nav",
+            "new_value": "\\a\\%2E\\b\\%2e.\\c",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "view-source+http://example.net/\\a\\%2E\\b\\%2e.\\c?lang=fr#nav",
+                "pathname": "/\\a\\%2E\\b\\%2e.\\c"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "UTF-8 percent encoding with the default encode set. Tabs and newlines are removed. Leading or training C0 controls and space are removed.",
+            "href": "a:/",
+            "new_value": "\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~\u007f\u0080\u0081Éé",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a:/!%00%01%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-./09:;%3C=%3E%3F@AZ[\\]^_%60az%7B|%7D~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9",
+                "pathname": "/!%00%01%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-./09:;%3C=%3E%3F@AZ[\\]^_%60az%7B|%7D~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Bytes already percent-encoded are left as-is, including %2E outside dotted segments.",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "%2e%2E%c3%89té",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/%2e%2E%c3%89t%C3%A9",
+                "pathname": "/%2e%2E%c3%89t%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "? needs to be encoded",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "?",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/%3F",
+                "pathname": "/%3F"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "# needs to be encoded",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "#",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/%23",
+                "pathname": "/%23"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "? needs to be encoded, non-special scheme",
+            "href": "sc://example.net",
+            "new_value": "?",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc://example.net/%3F",
+                "pathname": "/%3F"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "# needs to be encoded, non-special scheme",
+            "href": "sc://example.net",
+            "new_value": "#",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "sc://example.net/%23",
+                "pathname": "/%23"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "search": [
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net#nav",
+            "new_value": "lang=fr",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?lang=fr#nav",
+                "search": "?lang=fr"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "lang=fr",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?lang=fr#nav",
+                "search": "?lang=fr"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "?lang=fr",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?lang=fr#nav",
+                "search": "?lang=fr"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "??lang=fr",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/??lang=fr#nav",
+                "search": "??lang=fr"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "?",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?#nav",
+                "search": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/#nav",
+                "search": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/",
+                "search": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/",
+                "search": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "UTF-8 percent encoding with the query encode set. Tabs and newlines are removed. Leading or training C0 controls and space are removed.",
+            "href": "a:/",
+            "new_value": "\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~\u007f\u0080\u0081Éé",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a:/?!%00%01%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-./09:;%3C=%3E?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9",
+                "search": "?!%00%01%1F%20!%22%23$%&'()*+,-./09:;%3C=%3E?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Bytes already percent-encoded are left as-is",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "%c3%89té",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/?%c3%89t%C3%A9",
+                "search": "?%c3%89t%C3%A9"
+            }
+        }
+    ],
+    "hash": [
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net",
+            "new_value": "main",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/#main",
+                "hash": "#main"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net#nav",
+            "new_value": "main",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/#main",
+                "hash": "#main"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US",
+            "new_value": "##nav",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?lang=en-US##nav",
+                "hash": "##nav"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "#main",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?lang=en-US#main",
+                "hash": "#main"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "#",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?lang=en-US#",
+                "hash": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "href": "https://example.net?lang=en-US#nav",
+            "new_value": "",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "https://example.net/?lang=en-US",
+                "hash": ""
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Simple percent-encoding; nuls, tabs, and newlines are removed",
+            "href": "a:/",
+            "new_value": "\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\u0000\u0001\t\n\r\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~\u007f\u0080\u0081Éé",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "a:/#!%01%1F !\"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9",
+                "hash": "#!%01%1F !\"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@AZ[\\]^_`az{|}~%7F%C2%80%C2%81%C3%89%C3%A9"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "comment": "Bytes already percent-encoded are left as-is",
+            "href": "http://example.net",
+            "new_value": "%c3%89té",
+            "expected": {
+                "href": "http://example.net/#%c3%89t%C3%A9",
+                "hash": "#%c3%89t%C3%A9"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/tests/unit.rs b/third_party/rust/url/tests/unit.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9918ea316d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/tests/unit.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+// Copyright 2013-2014 The rust-url developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Unit tests
+
+extern crate percent_encoding;
+extern crate url;
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use url::{form_urlencoded, Host, Url};
+
+#[test]
+fn size() {
+    use std::mem::size_of;
+    assert_eq!(size_of::<Url>(), size_of::<Option<Url>>());
+}
+
+macro_rules! assert_from_file_path {
+    ($path: expr) => {
+        assert_from_file_path!($path, $path)
+    };
+    ($path: expr, $url_path: expr) => {{
+        let url = Url::from_file_path(Path::new($path)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(url.host(), None);
+        assert_eq!(url.path(), $url_path);
+        assert_eq!(url.to_file_path(), Ok(PathBuf::from($path)));
+    }};
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn new_file_paths() {
+    if cfg!(unix) {
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_file_path(Path::new("relative")), Err(()));
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_file_path(Path::new("../relative")), Err(()));
+    }
+    if cfg!(windows) {
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_file_path(Path::new("relative")), Err(()));
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"..\relative")), Err(()));
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"\drive-relative")), Err(()));
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"\\ucn\")), Err(()));
+    }
+
+    if cfg!(unix) {
+        assert_from_file_path!("/foo/bar");
+        assert_from_file_path!("/foo/ba\0r", "/foo/ba%00r");
+        assert_from_file_path!("/foo/ba%00r", "/foo/ba%2500r");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn new_path_bad_utf8() {
+    use std::ffi::OsStr;
+    use std::os::unix::prelude::*;
+
+    let url = Url::from_file_path(Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(b"/foo/ba\x80r"))).unwrap();
+    let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(b"/foo/ba\x80r");
+    assert_eq!(url.to_file_path(), Ok(PathBuf::from(os_str)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn new_path_windows_fun() {
+    if cfg!(windows) {
+        assert_from_file_path!(r"C:\foo\bar", "/C:/foo/bar");
+        assert_from_file_path!("C:\\foo\\ba\0r", "/C:/foo/ba%00r");
+
+        // Invalid UTF-8
+        assert!(Url::parse("file:///C:/foo/ba%80r")
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_file_path()
+            .is_err());
+
+        // test windows canonicalized path
+        let path = PathBuf::from(r"\\?\C:\foo\bar");
+        assert!(Url::from_file_path(path).is_ok());
+
+        // Percent-encoded drive letter
+        let url = Url::parse("file:///C%3A/foo/bar").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(url.to_file_path(), Ok(PathBuf::from(r"C:\foo\bar")));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn new_directory_paths() {
+    if cfg!(unix) {
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("relative")), Err(()));
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("../relative")), Err(()));
+
+        let url = Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("/foo/bar")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(url.host(), None);
+        assert_eq!(url.path(), "/foo/bar/");
+    }
+    if cfg!(windows) {
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("relative")), Err(()));
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_directory_path(Path::new(r"..\relative")), Err(()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            Url::from_directory_path(Path::new(r"\drive-relative")),
+            Err(())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(Url::from_directory_path(Path::new(r"\\ucn\")), Err(()));
+
+        let url = Url::from_directory_path(Path::new(r"C:\foo\bar")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(url.host(), None);
+        assert_eq!(url.path(), "/C:/foo/bar/");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn path_backslash_fun() {
+    let mut special_url = "http://foobar.com".parse::<Url>().unwrap();
+    special_url.path_segments_mut().unwrap().push("foo\\bar");
+    assert_eq!(special_url.as_str(), "http://foobar.com/foo%5Cbar");
+
+    let mut nonspecial_url = "thing://foobar.com".parse::<Url>().unwrap();
+    nonspecial_url.path_segments_mut().unwrap().push("foo\\bar");
+    assert_eq!(nonspecial_url.as_str(), "thing://foobar.com/foo\\bar");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn from_str() {
+    assert!("http://testing.com/this".parse::<Url>().is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_with_params() {
+    let url = Url::parse_with_params(
+        "http://testing.com/this?dont=clobberme",
+        &[("lang", "rust")],
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        url.as_str(),
+        "http://testing.com/this?dont=clobberme&lang=rust"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn issue_124() {
+    let url: Url = "file:a".parse().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.path(), "/a");
+    let url: Url = "file:...".parse().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.path(), "/...");
+    let url: Url = "file:..".parse().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.path(), "/");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_equality() {
+    use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+    use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+
+    fn check_eq(a: &Url, b: &Url) {
+        assert_eq!(a, b);
+
+        let mut h1 = DefaultHasher::new();
+        a.hash(&mut h1);
+        let mut h2 = DefaultHasher::new();
+        b.hash(&mut h2);
+        assert_eq!(h1.finish(), h2.finish());
+    }
+
+    fn url(s: &str) -> Url {
+        let rv = s.parse().unwrap();
+        check_eq(&rv, &rv);
+        rv
+    }
+
+    // Doesn't care if default port is given.
+    let a: Url = url("https://example.com/");
+    let b: Url = url("https://example.com:443/");
+    check_eq(&a, &b);
+
+    // Different ports
+    let a: Url = url("http://example.com/");
+    let b: Url = url("http://example.com:8080/");
+    assert!(a != b, "{:?} != {:?}", a, b);
+
+    // Different scheme
+    let a: Url = url("http://example.com/");
+    let b: Url = url("https://example.com/");
+    assert_ne!(a, b);
+
+    // Different host
+    let a: Url = url("http://foo.com/");
+    let b: Url = url("http://bar.com/");
+    assert_ne!(a, b);
+
+    // Missing path, automatically substituted. Semantically the same.
+    let a: Url = url("http://foo.com");
+    let b: Url = url("http://foo.com/");
+    check_eq(&a, &b);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn host() {
+    fn assert_host(input: &str, host: Host<&str>) {
+        assert_eq!(Url::parse(input).unwrap().host(), Some(host));
+    }
+    assert_host("http://www.mozilla.org", Host::Domain("www.mozilla.org"));
+    assert_host(
+        "http://1.35.33.49",
+        Host::Ipv4(Ipv4Addr::new(1, 35, 33, 49)),
+    );
+    assert_host(
+        "http://[2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344]",
+        Host::Ipv6(Ipv6Addr::new(
+            0x2001, 0x0db8, 0x85a3, 0x08d3, 0x1319, 0x8a2e, 0x0370, 0x7344,
+        )),
+    );
+    assert_host("http://1.35.+33.49", Host::Domain("1.35.+33.49"));
+    assert_host(
+        "http://[::]",
+        Host::Ipv6(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+    );
+    assert_host(
+        "http://[::1]",
+        Host::Ipv6(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1)),
+    );
+    assert_host(
+        "http://0x1.0X23.0x21.061",
+        Host::Ipv4(Ipv4Addr::new(1, 35, 33, 49)),
+    );
+    assert_host("http://0x1232131", Host::Ipv4(Ipv4Addr::new(1, 35, 33, 49)));
+    assert_host("http://111", Host::Ipv4(Ipv4Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 111)));
+    assert_host("http://2..2.3", Host::Domain("2..2.3"));
+    assert!(Url::parse("http://42.0x1232131").is_err());
+    assert!(Url::parse("http://192.168.0.257").is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn host_serialization() {
+    // libstd’s `Display for Ipv6Addr` serializes 0:0:0:0:0:0:_:_ and 0:0:0:0:0:ffff:_:_
+    // using IPv4-like syntax, as suggested in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952#section-4
+    // but https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-serializer specifies not to.
+
+    // Not [::0.0.0.2] / [::ffff:0.0.0.2]
+    assert_eq!(
+        Url::parse("http://[0::2]").unwrap().host_str(),
+        Some("[::2]")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        Url::parse("http://[0::ffff:0:2]").unwrap().host_str(),
+        Some("[::ffff:0:2]")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_idna() {
+    assert!("http://goșu.ro".parse::<Url>().is_ok());
+    assert_eq!(
+        Url::parse("http://☃.net/").unwrap().host(),
+        Some(Host::Domain("xn--n3h.net"))
+    );
+    assert!("https://r2---sn-huoa-cvhl.googlevideo.com/crossdomain.xml"
+        .parse::<Url>()
+        .is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_serialization() {
+    let data = [
+        ("http://example.com/", "http://example.com/"),
+        ("http://addslash.com", "http://addslash.com/"),
+        ("http://@emptyuser.com/", "http://emptyuser.com/"),
+        ("http://:@emptypass.com/", "http://emptypass.com/"),
+        ("http://user@user.com/", "http://user@user.com/"),
+        (
+            "http://user:pass@userpass.com/",
+            "http://user:pass@userpass.com/",
+        ),
+        (
+            "http://slashquery.com/path/?q=something",
+            "http://slashquery.com/path/?q=something",
+        ),
+        (
+            "http://noslashquery.com/path?q=something",
+            "http://noslashquery.com/path?q=something",
+        ),
+    ];
+    for &(input, result) in &data {
+        let url = Url::parse(input).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(url.as_str(), result);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_form_urlencoded() {
+    let pairs: &[(Cow<str>, Cow<str>)] = &[
+        ("foo".into(), "é&".into()),
+        ("bar".into(), "".into()),
+        ("foo".into(), "#".into()),
+    ];
+    let encoded = form_urlencoded::Serializer::new(String::new())
+        .extend_pairs(pairs)
+        .finish();
+    assert_eq!(encoded, "foo=%C3%A9%26&bar=&foo=%23");
+    assert_eq!(
+        form_urlencoded::parse(encoded.as_bytes()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        pairs.to_vec()
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_form_serialize() {
+    let encoded = form_urlencoded::Serializer::new(String::new())
+        .append_pair("foo", "é&")
+        .append_pair("bar", "")
+        .append_pair("foo", "#")
+        .finish();
+    assert_eq!(encoded, "foo=%C3%A9%26&bar=&foo=%23");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn form_urlencoded_encoding_override() {
+    let encoded = form_urlencoded::Serializer::new(String::new())
+        .encoding_override(Some(&|s| s.as_bytes().to_ascii_uppercase().into()))
+        .append_pair("foo", "bar")
+        .finish();
+    assert_eq!(encoded, "FOO=BAR");
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/61
+fn issue_61() {
+    let mut url = Url::parse("http://mozilla.org").unwrap();
+    url.set_scheme("https").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.port(), None);
+    assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(443));
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+/// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/197
+fn issue_197() {
+    let mut url = Url::from_file_path("/").expect("Failed to parse path");
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        url,
+        Url::parse("file:///").expect("Failed to parse path + protocol")
+    );
+    url.path_segments_mut()
+        .expect("path_segments_mut")
+        .pop_if_empty();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn issue_241() {
+    Url::parse("mailto:").unwrap().cannot_be_a_base();
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/222
+fn append_trailing_slash() {
+    let mut url: Url = "http://localhost:6767/foo/bar?a=b".parse().unwrap();
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    url.path_segments_mut().unwrap().push("");
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.to_string(), "http://localhost:6767/foo/bar/?a=b");
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/227
+fn extend_query_pairs_then_mutate() {
+    let mut url: Url = "http://localhost:6767/foo/bar".parse().unwrap();
+    url.query_pairs_mut()
+        .extend_pairs(vec![("auth", "my-token")].into_iter());
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        url.to_string(),
+        "http://localhost:6767/foo/bar?auth=my-token"
+    );
+    url.path_segments_mut().unwrap().push("some_other_path");
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        url.to_string(),
+        "http://localhost:6767/foo/bar/some_other_path?auth=my-token"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/222
+fn append_empty_segment_then_mutate() {
+    let mut url: Url = "http://localhost:6767/foo/bar?a=b".parse().unwrap();
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    url.path_segments_mut().unwrap().push("").pop();
+    url.check_invariants().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.to_string(), "http://localhost:6767/foo/bar?a=b");
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/243
+fn test_set_host() {
+    let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net/hello").unwrap();
+    url.set_host(Some("foo.com")).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://foo.com/hello");
+    assert!(url.set_host(None).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://foo.com/hello");
+    assert!(url.set_host(Some("")).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://foo.com/hello");
+
+    let mut url = Url::parse("foobar://example.net/hello").unwrap();
+    url.set_host(None).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foobar:/hello");
+
+    let mut url = Url::parse("foo://ș").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo://%C8%99/");
+    url.set_host(Some("goșu.ro")).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo://go%C8%99u.ro/");
+}
+
+#[test]
+// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/166
+fn test_leading_dots() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        Host::parse(".org").unwrap(),
+        Host::Domain(".org".to_owned())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(Url::parse("file://./foo").unwrap().domain(), Some("."));
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/302
+fn test_origin_hash() {
+    use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+    use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+
+    fn hash<T: Hash>(value: &T) -> u64 {
+        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+        value.hash(&mut hasher);
+        hasher.finish()
+    }
+
+    let origin = &Url::parse("http://example.net/").unwrap().origin();
+
+    let origins_to_compare = [
+        Url::parse("http://example.net:80/").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("http://example.net:81/").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("http://example.net").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("http://example.net/hello").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("https://example.net").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("ftp://example.net").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("file://example.net").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("http://user@example.net/").unwrap().origin(),
+        Url::parse("http://user:pass@example.net/")
+            .unwrap()
+            .origin(),
+    ];
+
+    for origin_to_compare in &origins_to_compare {
+        if origin == origin_to_compare {
+            assert_eq!(hash(origin), hash(origin_to_compare));
+        } else {
+            assert_ne!(hash(origin), hash(origin_to_compare));
+        }
+    }
+
+    let opaque_origin = Url::parse("file://example.net").unwrap().origin();
+    let same_opaque_origin = Url::parse("file://example.net").unwrap().origin();
+    let other_opaque_origin = Url::parse("file://other").unwrap().origin();
+
+    assert_ne!(hash(&opaque_origin), hash(&same_opaque_origin));
+    assert_ne!(hash(&opaque_origin), hash(&other_opaque_origin));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_windows_unc_path() {
+    if !cfg!(windows) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let url = Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"\\host\share\path\file.txt")).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "file://host/share/path/file.txt");
+
+    let url = Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"\\höst\share\path\file.txt")).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "file://xn--hst-sna/share/path/file.txt");
+
+    let url = Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"\\192.168.0.1\share\path\file.txt")).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.host(), Some(Host::Ipv4(Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 0, 1))));
+
+    let path = url.to_file_path().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(path.to_str(), Some(r"\\192.168.0.1\share\path\file.txt"));
+
+    // Another way to write these:
+    let url = Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"\\?\UNC\host\share\path\file.txt")).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "file://host/share/path/file.txt");
+
+    // Paths starting with "\\.\" (Local Device Paths) are intentionally not supported.
+    let url = Url::from_file_path(Path::new(r"\\.\some\path\file.txt"));
+    assert!(url.is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_syntax_violation_callback() {
+    use url::SyntaxViolation::*;
+    let violation = Cell::new(None);
+    let url = Url::options()
+        .syntax_violation_callback(Some(&|v| violation.set(Some(v))))
+        .parse("http:////mozilla.org:42")
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.port(), Some(42));
+
+    let v = violation.take().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v, ExpectedDoubleSlash);
+    assert_eq!(v.description(), "expected //");
+    assert_eq!(v.to_string(), "expected //");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_syntax_violation_callback_lifetimes() {
+    use url::SyntaxViolation::*;
+    let violation = Cell::new(None);
+    let vfn = |s| violation.set(Some(s));
+
+    let url = Url::options()
+        .syntax_violation_callback(Some(&vfn))
+        .parse("http:////mozilla.org:42")
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.port(), Some(42));
+    assert_eq!(violation.take(), Some(ExpectedDoubleSlash));
+
+    let url = Url::options()
+        .syntax_violation_callback(Some(&vfn))
+        .parse("http://mozilla.org\\path")
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.path(), "/path");
+    assert_eq!(violation.take(), Some(Backslash));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_options_reuse() {
+    use url::SyntaxViolation::*;
+    let violations = RefCell::new(Vec::new());
+    let vfn = |v| violations.borrow_mut().push(v);
+
+    let options = Url::options().syntax_violation_callback(Some(&vfn));
+    let url = options.parse("http:////mozilla.org").unwrap();
+
+    let options = options.base_url(Some(&url));
+    let url = options.parse("/sub\\path").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://mozilla.org/sub/path");
+    assert_eq!(*violations.borrow(), vec!(ExpectedDoubleSlash, Backslash));
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/url/tests/urltestdata.json b/third_party/rust/url/tests/urltestdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5565c938fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/url/tests/urltestdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6148 @@
+[
+  "# Based on http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/LayoutTests/fast/url/script-tests/segments.js",
+  {
+    "input": "http://example\t.\norg",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://user:pass@foo:21/bar;par?b#c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://user:pass@foo:21/bar;par?b#c",
+    "origin": "http://foo:21",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "user",
+    "password": "pass",
+    "host": "foo:21",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "21",
+    "pathname": "/bar;par",
+    "search": "?b",
+    "hash": "#c"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://test:@test",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://test@test/",
+    "origin": "https://test",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "test",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "test",
+    "hostname": "test",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://:@test",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://test/",
+    "origin": "https://test",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "test",
+    "hostname": "test",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://test:@test/x",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "non-special://test@test/x",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "non-special:",
+    "username": "test",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "test",
+    "hostname": "test",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/x",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://:@test/x",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "non-special://test/x",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "non-special:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "test",
+    "hostname": "test",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/x",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:foo.com",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/foo.com",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/foo.com",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\t   :foo.com   \n",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:foo.com",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:foo.com",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": " foo.com  ",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/foo.com",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/foo.com",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "a:\t foo.com",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "a: foo.com",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "a:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": " foo.com",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:21/ b ? d # e ",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://f:21/%20b%20?%20d%20# e",
+    "origin": "http://f:21",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "f:21",
+    "hostname": "f",
+    "port": "21",
+    "pathname": "/%20b%20",
+    "search": "?%20d%20",
+    "hash": "# e"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "lolscheme:x x#x x",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "lolscheme:x x#x x",
+    "protocol": "lolscheme:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "x x",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#x x"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://f/c",
+    "origin": "http://f",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "f",
+    "hostname": "f",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:0/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://f:0/c",
+    "origin": "http://f:0",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "f:0",
+    "hostname": "f",
+    "port": "0",
+    "pathname": "/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:00000000000000/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://f:0/c",
+    "origin": "http://f:0",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "f:0",
+    "hostname": "f",
+    "port": "0",
+    "pathname": "/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:00000000000000000000080/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://f/c",
+    "origin": "http://f",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "f",
+    "hostname": "f",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:b/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f: /c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:\n/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://f/c",
+    "origin": "http://f",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "f",
+    "hostname": "f",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:fifty-two/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:999999/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://f:999999/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://f: 21 / b ? d # e ",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "  \t",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":foo.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:foo.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:foo.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":foo.com\\",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:foo.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:foo.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":a",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:a",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:a",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":\\",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":#",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:#",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar#",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar#/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#/"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#\\",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar#\\",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#\\"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#;?",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar#;?",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#;?"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "?",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar?",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ":23",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:23",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:23",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/:23",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/:23",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/:23",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "::",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/::",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/::",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "::23",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/::23",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/::23",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo://",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "foo:///",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "foo:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://a:b@c:29/d",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://a:b@c:29/d",
+    "origin": "http://c:29",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "a",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "c:29",
+    "hostname": "c",
+    "port": "29",
+    "pathname": "/d",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http::@c:29",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/:@c:29",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/:@c:29",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://&a:foo(b]c@d:2/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://&a:foo(b%5Dc@d:2/",
+    "origin": "http://d:2",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "&a",
+    "password": "foo(b%5Dc",
+    "host": "d:2",
+    "hostname": "d",
+    "port": "2",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://::@c@d:2",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://:%3A%40c@d:2/",
+    "origin": "http://d:2",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "%3A%40c",
+    "host": "d:2",
+    "hostname": "d",
+    "port": "2",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo.com:b@d/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://foo.com:b@d/",
+    "origin": "http://d",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "foo.com",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "d",
+    "hostname": "d",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo.com/\\@",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://foo.com//@",
+    "origin": "http://foo.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo.com",
+    "hostname": "foo.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "//@",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:\\\\foo.com\\",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://foo.com/",
+    "origin": "http://foo.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo.com",
+    "hostname": "foo.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:\\\\a\\b:c\\d@foo.com\\",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://a/b:c/d@foo.com/",
+    "origin": "http://a",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "a",
+    "hostname": "a",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/b:c/d@foo.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo:/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "foo:/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "foo:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo:/bar.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "foo:/bar.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "foo:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/bar.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo://///////",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "foo://///////",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "foo:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "///////",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo://///////bar.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "foo://///////bar.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "foo:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "///////bar.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo:////://///",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "foo:////://///",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "foo:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "//://///",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "c:/foo",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "c:/foo",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "c:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "//foo/bar",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://foo/bar",
+    "origin": "http://foo",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo/path;a??e#f#g",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://foo/path;a??e#f#g",
+    "origin": "http://foo",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/path;a",
+    "search": "??e",
+    "hash": "#f#g"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo/abcd?efgh?ijkl",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://foo/abcd?efgh?ijkl",
+    "origin": "http://foo",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/abcd",
+    "search": "?efgh?ijkl",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo/abcd#foo?bar",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://foo/abcd#foo?bar",
+    "origin": "http://foo",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/abcd",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#foo?bar"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "[61:24:74]:98",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/[61:24:74]:98",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/[61:24:74]:98",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:[61:27]/:foo",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/[61:27]/:foo",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/[61:27]/:foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[1::2]:3:4",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://2001::1",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://2001::1]",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://2001::1]:80",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[2001::1]",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://[2001::1]/",
+    "origin": "http://[2001::1]",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[2001::1]",
+    "hostname": "[2001::1]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[::127.0.0.1]",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://[::7f00:1]/",
+    "origin": "http://[::7f00:1]",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[::7f00:1]",
+    "hostname": "[::7f00:1]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[0:0:0:0:0:0:13.1.68.3]",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://[::d01:4403]/",
+    "origin": "http://[::d01:4403]",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[::d01:4403]",
+    "hostname": "[::d01:4403]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[2001::1]:80",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://[2001::1]/",
+    "origin": "http://[2001::1]",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[2001::1]",
+    "hostname": "[2001::1]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "ftp://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ftp://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "https://example.com/",
+    "origin": "https://example.com",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "madeupscheme:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "madeupscheme:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "madeupscheme:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "file:///example.com/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://example:1/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://example:test/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://example%/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://[example]/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftps:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "ftps:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "ftps:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "gopher:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "gopher://example.com/",
+    "origin": "gopher://example.com",
+    "protocol": "gopher:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "ws://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ws://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "wss://example.com/",
+    "origin": "wss://example.com",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "data:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "data:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "javascript:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "javascript:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "javascript:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "mailto:/example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "mailto:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "mailto:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "ftp://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ftp://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "https://example.com/",
+    "origin": "https://example.com",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "madeupscheme:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "madeupscheme:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "madeupscheme:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftps:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "ftps:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "ftps:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "gopher:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "gopher://example.com/",
+    "origin": "gopher://example.com",
+    "protocol": "gopher:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "ws://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ws://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "wss://example.com/",
+    "origin": "wss://example.com",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "data:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "data:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "javascript:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "javascript:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "javascript:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "mailto:example.com/",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "mailto:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "mailto:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/a/b/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/a/b/c",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/a/b/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/a/ /c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/a/%20/c",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/a/%20/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/a%2fc",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/a%2fc",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/a%2fc",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/a/%2f/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/a/%2f/c",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/a/%2f/c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#β",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar#%CE%B2",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#%CE%B2"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "data:text/html,test#test",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "data:text/html,test#test",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "text/html,test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#test"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "tel:1234567890",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "tel:1234567890",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "tel:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "1234567890",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Based on http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/LayoutTests/fast/url/file.html",
+  {
+    "input": "file:c:\\foo\\bar.html",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///c:/foo/bar.html",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/c:/foo/bar.html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "  File:c|////foo\\bar.html",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///c:////foo/bar.html",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/c:////foo/bar.html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "C|/foo/bar",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///C:/foo/bar",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/C|\\foo\\bar",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///C:/foo/bar",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "//C|/foo/bar",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///C:/foo/bar",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "//server/file",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file://server/file",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "server",
+    "hostname": "server",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/file",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\\\\server\\file",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file://server/file",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "server",
+    "hostname": "server",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/file",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/\\server/file",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file://server/file",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "server",
+    "hostname": "server",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/file",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:///foo/bar.txt",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///foo/bar.txt",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:///home/me",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///home/me",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/home/me",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "//",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "///",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "///test",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///test",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://test",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file://test/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "test",
+    "hostname": "test",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://localhost",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://localhost/",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://localhost/test",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///test",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///tmp/mock/test",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/tmp/mock/test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:test",
+    "base": "file:///tmp/mock/path",
+    "href": "file:///tmp/mock/test",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/tmp/mock/test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Based on http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/LayoutTests/fast/url/script-tests/path.js",
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/././foo",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/./.foo",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/.foo",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/.foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/.",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/./",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/bar/..",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/bar/../",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/..bar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/..bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/..bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/bar/../ton",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/ton",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/ton",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/bar/../ton/../../a",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/a",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/a",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/../../..",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/../../../ton",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/ton",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/ton",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/%2e",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/%2e%2",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/%2e%2",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/%2e%2",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/%2e./%2e%2e/.%2e/%2e.bar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%2e.bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%2e.bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com////../..",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com//",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "//",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/bar//../..",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo/bar//..",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo/bar/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/%20foo",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%20foo",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%20foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo%",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo%",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo%2",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo%2",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%2",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo%2zbar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo%2zbar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%2zbar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo%2©zbar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo%2%C3%82%C2%A9zbar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%2%C3%82%C2%A9zbar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo%41%7a",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo%41%7a",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%41%7a",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo\t\u0091%91",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo%C2%91%91",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%C2%91%91",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo%00%51",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foo%00%51",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%00%51",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/(%28:%3A%29)",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/(%28:%3A%29)",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/(%28:%3A%29)",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/%3A%3a%3C%3c",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%3A%3a%3C%3c",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%3A%3a%3C%3c",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/foo\tbar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/foobar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foobar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com\\\\foo\\\\bar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com//foo//bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "//foo//bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/%7Ffp3%3Eju%3Dduvgw%3Dd",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%7Ffp3%3Eju%3Dduvgw%3Dd",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%7Ffp3%3Eju%3Dduvgw%3Dd",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/@asdf%40",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/@asdf%40",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/@asdf%40",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/你好你好",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/‥/foo",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%E2%80%A5/foo",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%E2%80%A5/foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com//foo",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%EF%BB%BF/foo",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%EF%BB%BF/foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.com/‮/foo/‭/bar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/%E2%80%AE/foo/%E2%80%AD/bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%E2%80%AE/foo/%E2%80%AD/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Based on http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/LayoutTests/fast/url/script-tests/relative.js",
+  {
+    "input": "http://www.google.com/foo?bar=baz#",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.google.com/foo?bar=baz#",
+    "origin": "http://www.google.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.google.com",
+    "hostname": "www.google.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo",
+    "search": "?bar=baz",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://www.google.com/foo?bar=baz# »",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.google.com/foo?bar=baz# %C2%BB",
+    "origin": "http://www.google.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.google.com",
+    "hostname": "www.google.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo",
+    "search": "?bar=baz",
+    "hash": "# %C2%BB"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "data:test# »",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "data:test# %C2%BB",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "# %C2%BB"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://www.google.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.google.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.google.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.google.com",
+    "hostname": "www.google.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://192.0x00A80001",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://192.168.0.1/",
+    "origin": "http://192.168.0.1",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "192.168.0.1",
+    "hostname": "192.168.0.1",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://www/foo%2Ehtml",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www/foo%2Ehtml",
+    "origin": "http://www",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www",
+    "hostname": "www",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo%2Ehtml",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://www/foo/%2E/html",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www/foo/html",
+    "origin": "http://www",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www",
+    "hostname": "www",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://user:pass@/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://%25DOMAIN:foobar@foodomain.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://%25DOMAIN:foobar@foodomain.com/",
+    "origin": "http://foodomain.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "%25DOMAIN",
+    "password": "foobar",
+    "host": "foodomain.com",
+    "hostname": "foodomain.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:\\\\www.google.com\\foo",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.google.com/foo",
+    "origin": "http://www.google.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.google.com",
+    "hostname": "www.google.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://foo/",
+    "origin": "http://foo",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo:81/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://foo:81/",
+    "origin": "http://foo:81",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:81",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "81",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "httpa://foo:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "httpa://foo:80/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "httpa:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:80",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "80",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo:-80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://foo:443/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://foo/",
+    "origin": "https://foo",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://foo:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://foo:80/",
+    "origin": "https://foo:80",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:80",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "80",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp://foo:21/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ftp://foo/",
+    "origin": "ftp://foo",
+    "protocol": "ftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp://foo:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ftp://foo:80/",
+    "origin": "ftp://foo:80",
+    "protocol": "ftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:80",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "80",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "gopher://foo:70/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "gopher://foo/",
+    "origin": "gopher://foo",
+    "protocol": "gopher:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "gopher://foo:443/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "gopher://foo:443/",
+    "origin": "gopher://foo:443",
+    "protocol": "gopher:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:443",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "443",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws://foo:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ws://foo/",
+    "origin": "ws://foo",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws://foo:81/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ws://foo:81/",
+    "origin": "ws://foo:81",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:81",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "81",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws://foo:443/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ws://foo:443/",
+    "origin": "ws://foo:443",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:443",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "443",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws://foo:815/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ws://foo:815/",
+    "origin": "ws://foo:815",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:815",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "815",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss://foo:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wss://foo:80/",
+    "origin": "wss://foo:80",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:80",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "80",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss://foo:81/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wss://foo:81/",
+    "origin": "wss://foo:81",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:81",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "81",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss://foo:443/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wss://foo/",
+    "origin": "wss://foo",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss://foo:815/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wss://foo:815/",
+    "origin": "wss://foo:815",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo:815",
+    "hostname": "foo",
+    "port": "815",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ftp://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ftp://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://example.com/",
+    "origin": "https://example.com",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "madeupscheme:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "madeupscheme:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "madeupscheme:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///example.com/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftps:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ftps:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "ftps:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "gopher:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "gopher://example.com/",
+    "origin": "gopher://example.com",
+    "protocol": "gopher:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ws://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ws://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wss://example.com/",
+    "origin": "wss://example.com",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "data:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "data:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "javascript:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "javascript:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "javascript:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "mailto:/example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "mailto:/example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "mailto:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ftp://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ftp://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://example.com/",
+    "origin": "https://example.com",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "madeupscheme:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "madeupscheme:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "madeupscheme:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftps:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ftps:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "ftps:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "gopher:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "gopher://example.com/",
+    "origin": "gopher://example.com",
+    "protocol": "gopher:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ws:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ws://example.com/",
+    "origin": "ws://example.com",
+    "protocol": "ws:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wss:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wss://example.com/",
+    "origin": "wss://example.com",
+    "protocol": "wss:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "data:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "data:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "javascript:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "javascript:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "javascript:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "mailto:example.com/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "mailto:example.com/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "mailto:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "example.com/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Based on http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/LayoutTests/fast/url/segments-userinfo-vs-host.html",
+  {
+    "input": "http:@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:a:b@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://a:b@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "a",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/a:b@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://a:b@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "a",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://a:b@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://a:b@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "a",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://@pple.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://pple.com/",
+    "origin": "http://pple.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "pple.com",
+    "hostname": "pple.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http::b@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://:b@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/:b@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://:b@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://:b@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://:b@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "b",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/:@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://user@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https:@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:a:b@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/a:b@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://a:b@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http::@/www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:a:@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://a@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "a",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/a:@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://a@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "a",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://a:@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://a@www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "a",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://www.@pple.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.@pple.com/",
+    "origin": "http://pple.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "www.",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "pple.com",
+    "hostname": "pple.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:@:www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:/@:www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://@:www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://:@www.example.com",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Others",
+  {
+    "input": "/",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/test.txt",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/test.txt",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": ".",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "..",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test.txt",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/test.txt",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "./test.txt",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/test.txt",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../test.txt",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/test.txt",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../aaa/test.txt",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/aaa/test.txt",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/aaa/test.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../../test.txt",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/test.txt",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "中/test.txt",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example.com/%E4%B8%AD/test.txt",
+    "origin": "http://www.example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%E4%B8%AD/test.txt",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://www.example2.com",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example2.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example2.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example2.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example2.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "//www.example2.com",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "http://www.example2.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.example2.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.example2.com",
+    "hostname": "www.example2.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:...",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "file:///...",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/...",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:..",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:a",
+    "base": "http://www.example.com/test",
+    "href": "file:///a",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/a",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Based on http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/LayoutTests/fast/url/host.html",
+  "Basic canonicalization, uppercase should be converted to lowercase",
+  {
+    "input": "http://ExAmPlE.CoM",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example example.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://Goo%20 goo%7C|.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[]",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[:]",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "U+3000 is mapped to U+0020 (space) which is disallowed",
+  {
+    "input": "http://GOO\u00a0\u3000goo.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Other types of space (no-break, zero-width, zero-width-no-break) are name-prepped away to nothing. U+200B, U+2060, and U+FEFF, are ignored",
+  {
+    "input": "http://GOO\u200b\u2060\ufeffgoo.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://googoo.com/",
+    "origin": "http://googoo.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "googoo.com",
+    "hostname": "googoo.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Leading and trailing C0 control or space",
+  {
+    "input": "\u0000\u001b\u0004\u0012 http://example.com/\u001f \u000d ",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.com/",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Ideographic full stop (full-width period for Chinese, etc.) should be treated as a dot. U+3002 is mapped to U+002E (dot)",
+  {
+    "input": "http://www.foo。bar.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://www.foo.bar.com/",
+    "origin": "http://www.foo.bar.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "www.foo.bar.com",
+    "hostname": "www.foo.bar.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Invalid unicode characters should fail... U+FDD0 is disallowed; %ef%b7%90 is U+FDD0",
+  {
+    "input": "http://\ufdd0zyx.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "This is the same as previous but escaped",
+  {
+    "input": "http://%ef%b7%90zyx.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "U+FFFD",
+  {
+    "input": "https://\ufffd",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://%EF%BF%BD",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://x/\ufffd?\ufffd#\ufffd",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://x/%EF%BF%BD?%EF%BF%BD#%EF%BF%BD",
+    "origin": "https://x",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "x",
+    "hostname": "x",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%EF%BF%BD",
+    "search": "?%EF%BF%BD",
+    "hash": "#%EF%BF%BD"
+  },
+  "Test name prepping, fullwidth input should be converted to ASCII and NOT IDN-ized. This is 'Go' in fullwidth UTF-8/UTF-16.",
+  {
+    "input": "http://Ｇｏ.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://go.com/",
+    "origin": "http://go.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "go.com",
+    "hostname": "go.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "URL spec forbids the following. https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=24257",
+  {
+    "input": "http://％４１.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://%ef%bc%85%ef%bc%94%ef%bc%91.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "...%00 in fullwidth should fail (also as escaped UTF-8 input)",
+  {
+    "input": "http://％００.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://%ef%bc%85%ef%bc%90%ef%bc%90.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Basic IDN support, UTF-8 and UTF-16 input should be converted to IDN",
+  {
+    "input": "http://你好你好",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://xn--6qqa088eba/",
+    "origin": "http://xn--6qqa088eba",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "xn--6qqa088eba",
+    "hostname": "xn--6qqa088eba",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://faß.ExAmPlE/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://xn--fa-hia.example/",
+    "origin": "https://xn--fa-hia.example",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "xn--fa-hia.example",
+    "hostname": "xn--fa-hia.example",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc://faß.ExAmPlE/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "sc://fa%C3%9F.ExAmPlE/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "fa%C3%9F.ExAmPlE",
+    "hostname": "fa%C3%9F.ExAmPlE",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Invalid escaped characters should fail and the percents should be escaped. https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=24191",
+  {
+    "input": "http://%zz%66%a.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "If we get an invalid character that has been escaped.",
+  {
+    "input": "http://%25",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://hello%00",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Escaped numbers should be treated like IP addresses if they are.",
+  {
+    "input": "http://%30%78%63%30%2e%30%32%35%30.01",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://192.168.0.1/",
+    "origin": "http://192.168.0.1",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "192.168.0.1",
+    "hostname": "192.168.0.1",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://%30%78%63%30%2e%30%32%35%30.01%2e",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://192.168.0.1/",
+    "origin": "http://192.168.0.1",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "192.168.0.1",
+    "hostname": "192.168.0.1",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://192.168.0.257",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Invalid escaping in hosts causes failure",
+  {
+    "input": "http://%3g%78%63%30%2e%30%32%35%30%2E.01",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "A space in a host causes failure",
+  {
+    "input": "http://192.168.0.1 hello",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://x x:12",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Fullwidth and escaped UTF-8 fullwidth should still be treated as IP",
+  {
+    "input": "http://０Ｘｃ０．０２５０．０１",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://192.168.0.1/",
+    "origin": "http://192.168.0.1",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "192.168.0.1",
+    "hostname": "192.168.0.1",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Domains with empty labels",
+  {
+    "input": "http://./",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://./",
+    "origin": "http://.",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": ".",
+    "hostname": ".",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://../",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://../",
+    "origin": "http://..",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "..",
+    "hostname": "..",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://0..0x300/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://0..0x300/",
+    "origin": "http://0..0x300",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "0..0x300",
+    "hostname": "0..0x300",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Broken IPv6",
+  {
+    "input": "http://[www.google.com]/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[google.com]",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[::1.2.3.4x]",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[::1.2.3.]",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[::1.2.]",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[::1.]",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Misc Unicode",
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo:💩@example.com/bar",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://foo:%F0%9F%92%A9@example.com/bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "foo",
+    "password": "%F0%9F%92%A9",
+    "host": "example.com",
+    "hostname": "example.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# resolving a fragment against any scheme succeeds",
+  {
+    "input": "#",
+    "base": "test:test",
+    "href": "test:test#",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "test:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#x",
+    "base": "mailto:x@x.com",
+    "href": "mailto:x@x.com#x",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "mailto:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "x@x.com",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#x"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#x",
+    "base": "data:,",
+    "href": "data:,#x",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": ",",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#x"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#x",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "about:blank#x",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "about:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "blank",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#x"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#",
+    "base": "test:test?test",
+    "href": "test:test?test#",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "test:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "test",
+    "search": "?test",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# multiple @ in authority state",
+  {
+    "input": "https://@test@test@example:800/",
+    "base": "http://doesnotmatter/",
+    "href": "https://%40test%40test@example:800/",
+    "origin": "https://example:800",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "%40test%40test",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example:800",
+    "hostname": "example",
+    "port": "800",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://@@@example",
+    "base": "http://doesnotmatter/",
+    "href": "https://%40%40@example/",
+    "origin": "https://example",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "%40%40",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example",
+    "hostname": "example",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "non-az-09 characters",
+  {
+    "input": "http://`{}:`{}@h/`{}?`{}",
+    "base": "http://doesnotmatter/",
+    "href": "http://%60%7B%7D:%60%7B%7D@h/%60%7B%7D?`{}",
+    "origin": "http://h",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "%60%7B%7D",
+    "password": "%60%7B%7D",
+    "host": "h",
+    "hostname": "h",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/%60%7B%7D",
+    "search": "?`{}",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Credentials in base",
+  {
+    "input": "/some/path",
+    "base": "http://user@example.org/smth",
+    "href": "http://user@example.org/some/path",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "user",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/some/path",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "",
+    "base": "http://user:pass@example.org:21/smth",
+    "href": "http://user:pass@example.org:21/smth",
+    "origin": "http://example.org:21",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "user",
+    "password": "pass",
+    "host": "example.org:21",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "21",
+    "pathname": "/smth",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/some/path",
+    "base": "http://user:pass@example.org:21/smth",
+    "href": "http://user:pass@example.org:21/some/path",
+    "origin": "http://example.org:21",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "user",
+    "password": "pass",
+    "host": "example.org:21",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "21",
+    "pathname": "/some/path",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# a set of tests designed by zcorpan for relative URLs with unknown schemes",
+  {
+    "input": "i",
+    "base": "sc:sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "i",
+    "base": "sc:sd/sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "i",
+    "base": "sc:/pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:/pa/i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "i",
+    "base": "sc://ho/pa",
+    "href": "sc://ho/i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "ho",
+    "hostname": "ho",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "i",
+    "base": "sc:///pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:///pa/i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../i",
+    "base": "sc:sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../i",
+    "base": "sc:sd/sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../i",
+    "base": "sc:/pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:/i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../i",
+    "base": "sc://ho/pa",
+    "href": "sc://ho/i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "ho",
+    "hostname": "ho",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "../i",
+    "base": "sc:///pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:///i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/i",
+    "base": "sc:sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/i",
+    "base": "sc:sd/sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/i",
+    "base": "sc:/pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:/i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/i",
+    "base": "sc://ho/pa",
+    "href": "sc://ho/i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "ho",
+    "hostname": "ho",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "/i",
+    "base": "sc:///pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:///i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/i",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "?i",
+    "base": "sc:sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "?i",
+    "base": "sc:sd/sd",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "?i",
+    "base": "sc:/pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:/pa/pa?i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa/pa",
+    "search": "?i",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "?i",
+    "base": "sc://ho/pa",
+    "href": "sc://ho/pa?i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "ho",
+    "hostname": "ho",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa",
+    "search": "?i",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "?i",
+    "base": "sc:///pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:///pa/pa?i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa/pa",
+    "search": "?i",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#i",
+    "base": "sc:sd",
+    "href": "sc:sd#i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "sd",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#i"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#i",
+    "base": "sc:sd/sd",
+    "href": "sc:sd/sd#i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "sd/sd",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#i"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#i",
+    "base": "sc:/pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:/pa/pa#i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa/pa",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#i"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#i",
+    "base": "sc://ho/pa",
+    "href": "sc://ho/pa#i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "ho",
+    "hostname": "ho",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#i"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#i",
+    "base": "sc:///pa/pa",
+    "href": "sc:///pa/pa#i",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pa/pa",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#i"
+  },
+  "# make sure that relative URL logic works on known typically non-relative schemes too",
+  {
+    "input": "about:/../",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "about:/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "about:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "data:/../",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "data:/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "data:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "javascript:/../",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "javascript:/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "javascript:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "mailto:/../",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "mailto:/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "mailto:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# unknown schemes and their hosts",
+  {
+    "input": "sc://ñ.test/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "sc://%C3%B1.test/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "%C3%B1.test",
+    "hostname": "%C3%B1.test",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc://\u001F!\"$&'()*+,-.;<=>^_`{|}~/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "sc://%1F!\"$&'()*+,-.;<=>^_`{|}~/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "%1F!\"$&'()*+,-.;<=>^_`{|}~",
+    "hostname": "%1F!\"$&'()*+,-.;<=>^_`{|}~",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc://\u0000/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc:// /",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc://%/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "sc://%/",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "%",
+    "hostname": "%",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc://[/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc://\\/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc://]/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "x",
+    "base": "sc://ñ",
+    "href": "sc://%C3%B1/x",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "%C3%B1",
+    "hostname": "%C3%B1",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/x",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# unknown schemes and backslashes",
+  {
+    "input": "sc:\\../",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "sc:\\../",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "\\../",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# unknown scheme with path looking like a password",
+  {
+    "input": "sc::a@example.net",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "sc::a@example.net",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": ":a@example.net",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# unknown scheme with bogus percent-encoding",
+  {
+    "input": "wow:%NBD",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wow:%NBD",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "wow:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "%NBD",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "wow:%1G",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "wow:%1G",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "wow:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "%1G",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Hosts and percent-encoding",
+  {
+    "input": "ftp://example.com%80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp://example.com%A0/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://example.com%80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://example.com%A0/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ftp://%e2%98%83",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ftp://xn--n3h/",
+    "origin": "ftp://xn--n3h",
+    "protocol": "ftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "xn--n3h",
+    "hostname": "xn--n3h",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://%e2%98%83",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://xn--n3h/",
+    "origin": "https://xn--n3h",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "xn--n3h",
+    "hostname": "xn--n3h",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# tests from jsdom/whatwg-url designed for code coverage",
+  {
+    "input": "http://127.0.0.1:10100/relative_import.html",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://127.0.0.1:10100/relative_import.html",
+    "origin": "http://127.0.0.1:10100",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "127.0.0.1:10100",
+    "hostname": "127.0.0.1",
+    "port": "10100",
+    "pathname": "/relative_import.html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://facebook.com/?foo=%7B%22abc%22",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://facebook.com/?foo=%7B%22abc%22",
+    "origin": "http://facebook.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "facebook.com",
+    "hostname": "facebook.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "?foo=%7B%22abc%22",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://localhost:3000/jqueryui@1.2.3",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://localhost:3000/jqueryui@1.2.3",
+    "origin": "https://localhost:3000",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "localhost:3000",
+    "hostname": "localhost",
+    "port": "3000",
+    "pathname": "/jqueryui@1.2.3",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# tab/LF/CR",
+  {
+    "input": "h\tt\nt\rp://h\to\ns\rt:9\t0\n0\r0/p\ta\nt\rh?q\tu\ne\rry#f\tr\na\rg",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://host:9000/path?query#frag",
+    "origin": "http://host:9000",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "host:9000",
+    "hostname": "host",
+    "port": "9000",
+    "pathname": "/path",
+    "search": "?query",
+    "hash": "#frag"
+  },
+  "# Stringification of URL.searchParams",
+  {
+    "input": "?a=b&c=d",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar?a=b&c=d",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "?a=b&c=d",
+    "searchParams": "a=b&c=d",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "??a=b&c=d",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar??a=b&c=d",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "??a=b&c=d",
+    "searchParams": "%3Fa=b&c=d",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Scheme only",
+  {
+    "input": "http:",
+    "base": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "http://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "origin": "http://example.org",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "searchParams": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http:",
+    "base": "https://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "sc:",
+    "base": "https://example.org/foo/bar",
+    "href": "sc:",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "",
+    "search": "",
+    "searchParams": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Percent encoding of fragments",
+  {
+    "input": "http://foo.bar/baz?qux#foo\bbar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://foo.bar/baz?qux#foo%08bar",
+    "origin": "http://foo.bar",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foo.bar",
+    "hostname": "foo.bar",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/baz",
+    "search": "?qux",
+    "searchParams": "qux=",
+    "hash": "#foo%08bar"
+  },
+  "# IPv4 parsing (via https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10317)",
+  {
+    "input": "http://192.168.257",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://192.168.1.1/",
+    "origin": "http://192.168.1.1",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "192.168.1.1",
+    "hostname": "192.168.1.1",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://192.168.257.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://192.168.257.com/",
+    "origin": "http://192.168.257.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "192.168.257.com",
+    "hostname": "192.168.257.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://256",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://0.0.1.0/",
+    "origin": "http://0.0.1.0",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "0.0.1.0",
+    "hostname": "0.0.1.0",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://256.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://256.com/",
+    "origin": "http://256.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "256.com",
+    "hostname": "256.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://999999999",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://59.154.201.255/",
+    "origin": "http://59.154.201.255",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "59.154.201.255",
+    "hostname": "59.154.201.255",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://999999999.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://999999999.com/",
+    "origin": "http://999999999.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "999999999.com",
+    "hostname": "999999999.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://10000000000",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://10000000000.com",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://10000000000.com/",
+    "origin": "http://10000000000.com",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "10000000000.com",
+    "hostname": "10000000000.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://4294967295",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://255.255.255.255/",
+    "origin": "http://255.255.255.255",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "255.255.255.255",
+    "hostname": "255.255.255.255",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://4294967296",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://0xffffffff",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://255.255.255.255/",
+    "origin": "http://255.255.255.255",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "255.255.255.255",
+    "hostname": "255.255.255.255",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://0xffffffff1",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://256.256.256.256",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://256.256.256.256.256",
+    "base": "http://other.com/",
+    "href": "http://256.256.256.256.256/",
+    "origin": "http://256.256.256.256.256",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "256.256.256.256.256",
+    "hostname": "256.256.256.256.256",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://0x.0x.0",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "https://0.0.0.0/",
+    "origin": "https://0.0.0.0",
+    "protocol": "https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "0.0.0.0",
+    "hostname": "0.0.0.0",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "More IPv4 parsing (via https://github.com/jsdom/whatwg-url/issues/92)",
+  {
+    "input": "https://256.0.0.1/test",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "# file URLs containing percent-encoded Windows drive letters (shouldn't work)",
+  {
+    "input": "file:///C%3A/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///C%3A/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C%3A/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:///C%7C/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///C%7C/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C%7C/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# file URLs relative to other file URLs (via https://github.com/jsdom/whatwg-url/pull/60)",
+  {
+    "input": "pix/submit.gif",
+    "base": "file:///C:/Users/Domenic/Dropbox/GitHub/tmpvar/jsdom/test/level2/html/files/anchor.html",
+    "href": "file:///C:/Users/Domenic/Dropbox/GitHub/tmpvar/jsdom/test/level2/html/files/pix/submit.gif",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/Users/Domenic/Dropbox/GitHub/tmpvar/jsdom/test/level2/html/files/pix/submit.gif",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "..",
+    "base": "file:///C:/",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "..",
+    "base": "file:///",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# More file URL tests by zcorpan and annevk",
+  {
+    "input": "/",
+    "base": "file:///C:/a/b",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "//d:",
+    "base": "file:///C:/a/b",
+    "href": "file:///d:",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/d:",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "//d:/..",
+    "base": "file:///C:/a/b",
+    "href": "file:///d:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/d:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "..",
+    "base": "file:///ab:/",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "..",
+    "base": "file:///1:/",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "",
+    "base": "file:///test?test#test",
+    "href": "file:///test?test",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?test",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:",
+    "base": "file:///test?test#test",
+    "href": "file:///test?test",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?test",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "?x",
+    "base": "file:///test?test#test",
+    "href": "file:///test?x",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?x",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:?x",
+    "base": "file:///test?test#test",
+    "href": "file:///test?x",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?x",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "#x",
+    "base": "file:///test?test#test",
+    "href": "file:///test?test#x",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?test",
+    "hash": "#x"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:#x",
+    "base": "file:///test?test#test",
+    "href": "file:///test?test#x",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?test",
+    "hash": "#x"
+  },
+  "# File URLs and many (back)slashes",
+  {
+    "input": "file:///localhost//cat",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///localhost//cat",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/localhost//cat",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\\//pig",
+    "base": "file://lion/",
+    "href": "file:///pig",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/pig",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://",
+    "base": "file://ape/",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Windows drive letter handling with the 'file:' base URL",
+  {
+    "input": "C|#",
+    "base": "file://host/dir/file",
+    "href": "file:///C:#",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "C|?",
+    "base": "file://host/dir/file",
+    "href": "file:///C:?",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "C|/",
+    "base": "file://host/dir/file",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "C|\n/",
+    "base": "file://host/dir/file",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "C|\\",
+    "base": "file://host/dir/file",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "C",
+    "base": "file://host/dir/file",
+    "href": "file://host/dir/C",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "host",
+    "hostname": "host",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/dir/C",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "C|a",
+    "base": "file://host/dir/file",
+    "href": "file://host/dir/C|a",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "host",
+    "hostname": "host",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/dir/C|a",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Windows drive letter quirk in the file slash state",
+  {
+    "input": "/c:/foo/bar",
+    "base": "file://host/path",
+    "href": "file:///c:/foo/bar",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/c:/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Windows drive letter quirk (no host)",
+  {
+    "input": "file:/C|/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://C|/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# Windows drive letter quirk with not empty host",
+  {
+    "input": "file://example.net/C:/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://1.2.3.4/C:/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file://[1::8]/C:/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///C:/",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/C:/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# file URLs without base URL by Rimas Misevičius",
+  {
+    "input": "file:",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:?q=v",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///?q=v",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "?q=v",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "file:#frag",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "file:///#frag",
+    "protocol": "file:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": "#frag"
+  },
+  "# IPv6 tests",
+  {
+    "input": "http://[1:0::]",
+    "base": "http://example.net/",
+    "href": "http://[1::]/",
+    "origin": "http://[1::]",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[1::]",
+    "hostname": "[1::]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]",
+    "base": "http://example.net/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://[0::0::0]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://[0:.0]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://[0:0:]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://[0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7.0.0.0.1]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://[0:1.00.0.0.0]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://[0:1.290.0.0.0]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "https://[0:1.23.23]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "# Empty host",
+  {
+    "input": "http://?",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://#",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Port overflow (2^32 + 81)",
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:4294967377/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Port overflow (2^64 + 81)",
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:18446744073709551697/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Port overflow (2^128 + 81)",
+  {
+    "input": "http://f:340282366920938463463374607431768211537/c",
+    "base": "http://example.org/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "# Non-special-URL path tests",
+  {
+    "input": "///",
+    "base": "sc://x/",
+    "href": "sc:///",
+    "protocol": "sc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "tftp://foobar.com/someconfig;mode=netascii",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "tftp://foobar.com/someconfig;mode=netascii",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "tftp:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "foobar.com",
+    "hostname": "foobar.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/someconfig;mode=netascii",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "telnet://user:pass@foobar.com:23/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "telnet://user:pass@foobar.com:23/",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "telnet:",
+    "username": "user",
+    "password": "pass",
+    "host": "foobar.com:23",
+    "hostname": "foobar.com",
+    "port": "23",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ut2004://10.10.10.10:7777/Index.ut2",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ut2004://10.10.10.10:7777/Index.ut2",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "ut2004:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "10.10.10.10:7777",
+    "hostname": "10.10.10.10",
+    "port": "7777",
+    "pathname": "/Index.ut2",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "redis://foo:bar@somehost:6379/0?baz=bam&qux=baz",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "redis://foo:bar@somehost:6379/0?baz=bam&qux=baz",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "redis:",
+    "username": "foo",
+    "password": "bar",
+    "host": "somehost:6379",
+    "hostname": "somehost",
+    "port": "6379",
+    "pathname": "/0",
+    "search": "?baz=bam&qux=baz",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "rsync://foo@host:911/sup",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "rsync://foo@host:911/sup",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "rsync:",
+    "username": "foo",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "host:911",
+    "hostname": "host",
+    "port": "911",
+    "pathname": "/sup",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "git://github.com/foo/bar.git",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "git://github.com/foo/bar.git",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "git:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "github.com",
+    "hostname": "github.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar.git",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "irc://myserver.com:6999/channel?passwd",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "irc://myserver.com:6999/channel?passwd",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "irc:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "myserver.com:6999",
+    "hostname": "myserver.com",
+    "port": "6999",
+    "pathname": "/channel",
+    "search": "?passwd",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "dns://fw.example.org:9999/foo.bar.org?type=TXT",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "dns://fw.example.org:9999/foo.bar.org?type=TXT",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "dns:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "fw.example.org:9999",
+    "hostname": "fw.example.org",
+    "port": "9999",
+    "pathname": "/foo.bar.org",
+    "search": "?type=TXT",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ldap://localhost:389/ou=People,o=JNDITutorial",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "ldap://localhost:389/ou=People,o=JNDITutorial",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "ldap:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "localhost:389",
+    "hostname": "localhost",
+    "port": "389",
+    "pathname": "/ou=People,o=JNDITutorial",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "git+https://github.com/foo/bar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "git+https://github.com/foo/bar",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "git+https:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "github.com",
+    "hostname": "github.com",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "urn:ietf:rfc:2648",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "urn:ietf:rfc:2648",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "urn:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "ietf:rfc:2648",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "tag:joe@example.org,2001:foo/bar",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "tag:joe@example.org,2001:foo/bar",
+    "origin": "null",
+    "protocol": "tag:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "joe@example.org,2001:foo/bar",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# percent encoded hosts in non-special-URLs",
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://%E2%80%A0/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "non-special://%E2%80%A0/",
+    "protocol": "non-special:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "%E2%80%A0",
+    "hostname": "%E2%80%A0",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://H%4fSt/path",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "non-special://H%4fSt/path",
+    "protocol": "non-special:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "H%4fSt",
+    "hostname": "H%4fSt",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/path",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "# IPv6 in non-special-URLs",
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://[1:2:0:0:5:0:0:0]/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "non-special://[1:2:0:0:5::]/",
+    "protocol": "non-special:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[1:2:0:0:5::]",
+    "hostname": "[1:2:0:0:5::]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://[1:2:0:0:0:0:0:3]/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "non-special://[1:2::3]/",
+    "protocol": "non-special:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[1:2::3]",
+    "hostname": "[1:2::3]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://[1:2::3]:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "non-special://[1:2::3]:80/",
+    "protocol": "non-special:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[1:2::3]:80",
+    "hostname": "[1:2::3]",
+    "port": "80",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "non-special://[:80/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "blob:https://example.com:443/",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "blob:https://example.com:443/",
+    "protocol": "blob:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "https://example.com:443/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "blob:d3958f5c-0777-0845-9dcf-2cb28783acaf",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "blob:d3958f5c-0777-0845-9dcf-2cb28783acaf",
+    "protocol": "blob:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "d3958f5c-0777-0845-9dcf-2cb28783acaf",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Invalid IPv4 radix digits",
+  {
+    "input": "http://0177.0.0.0189",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://0177.0.0.0189/",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "0177.0.0.0189",
+    "hostname": "0177.0.0.0189",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://0x7f.0.0.0x7g",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://0x7f.0.0.0x7g/",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "0x7f.0.0.0x7g",
+    "hostname": "0x7f.0.0.0x7g",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://0X7F.0.0.0X7G",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://0x7f.0.0.0x7g/",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "0x7f.0.0.0x7g",
+    "hostname": "0x7f.0.0.0x7g",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Invalid IPv4 portion of IPv6 address",
+  {
+    "input": "http://[::127.0.0.0.1]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  "Uncompressed IPv6 addresses with 0",
+  {
+    "input": "http://[0:1:0:1:0:1:0:1]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://[0:1:0:1:0:1:0:1]/",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[0:1:0:1:0:1:0:1]",
+    "hostname": "[0:1:0:1:0:1:0:1]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://[1:0:1:0:1:0:1:0]",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://[1:0:1:0:1:0:1:0]/",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "[1:0:1:0:1:0:1:0]",
+    "hostname": "[1:0:1:0:1:0:1:0]",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Percent-encoded query and fragment",
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?\u0022",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?%22",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?%22",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?\u0023",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?#",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?\u003C",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?%3C",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?%3C",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?\u003E",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?%3E",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?%3E",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?\u2323",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?%E2%8C%A3",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?%E2%8C%A3",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?%23%23",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?%23%23",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?%23%23",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?%GH",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?%GH",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?%GH",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?a#%EF",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?a#%EF",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?a",
+    "hash": "#%EF"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?a#%GH",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?a#%GH",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?a",
+    "hash": "#%GH"
+  },
+  "Bad bases",
+  {
+    "input": "test-a.html",
+    "base": "a",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-slash.html",
+    "base": "a/",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-slash-slash.html",
+    "base": "a//",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-colon.html",
+    "base": "a:",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-colon-slash.html",
+    "base": "a:/",
+    "href": "a:/test-a-colon-slash.html",
+    "protocol": "a:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test-a-colon-slash.html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-colon-slash-slash.html",
+    "base": "a://",
+    "href": "a:///test-a-colon-slash-slash.html",
+    "protocol": "a:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test-a-colon-slash-slash.html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-colon-b.html",
+    "base": "a:b",
+    "failure": true
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-colon-slash-b.html",
+    "base": "a:/b",
+    "href": "a:/test-a-colon-slash-b.html",
+    "protocol": "a:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "",
+    "hostname": "",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test-a-colon-slash-b.html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "test-a-colon-slash-slash-b.html",
+    "base": "a://b",
+    "href": "a://b/test-a-colon-slash-slash-b.html",
+    "protocol": "a:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "b",
+    "hostname": "b",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test-a-colon-slash-slash-b.html",
+    "search": "",
+    "hash": ""
+  },
+  "Null code point in fragment",
+  {
+    "input": "http://example.org/test?a#b\u0000c",
+    "base": "about:blank",
+    "href": "http://example.org/test?a#bc",
+    "protocol": "http:",
+    "username": "",
+    "password": "",
+    "host": "example.org",
+    "hostname": "example.org",
+    "port": "",
+    "pathname": "/test",
+    "search": "?a",
+    "hash": "#bc"
+  }
+]