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+/*!
+Backend for [MSL][msl] (Metal Shading Language).
+
+## Binding model
+
+Metal's bindings are flat per resource. Since there isn't an obvious mapping
+from SPIR-V's descriptor sets, we require a separate mapping provided in the options.
+This mapping may have one or more resource end points for each descriptor set + index
+pair.
+
+## Entry points
+
+Even though MSL and our IR appear to be similar in that the entry points in both can
+accept arguments and return values, the restrictions are different.
+MSL allows the varyings to be either in separate arguments, or inside a single
+`[[stage_in]]` struct. We gather input varyings and form this artificial structure.
+We also add all the (non-Private) globals into the arguments.
+
+At the beginning of the entry point, we assign the local constants and re-compose
+the arguments as they are declared on IR side, so that the rest of the logic can
+pretend that MSL doesn't have all the restrictions it has.
+
+For the result type, if it's a structure, we re-compose it with a temporary value
+holding the result.
+
+[msl]: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf
+*/
+
+use crate::{arena::Handle, proc::index, valid::ModuleInfo};
+use std::{
+ fmt::{Error as FmtError, Write},
+ ops,
+};
+
+mod keywords;
+pub mod sampler;
+mod writer;
+
+pub use writer::Writer;
+
+pub type Slot = u8;
+pub type InlineSamplerIndex = u8;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
+pub enum BindSamplerTarget {
+ Resource(Slot),
+ Inline(InlineSamplerIndex),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(any(feature = "serialize", feature = "deserialize"), serde(default))]
+pub struct BindTarget {
+ pub buffer: Option<Slot>,
+ pub texture: Option<Slot>,
+ pub sampler: Option<BindSamplerTarget>,
+ /// If the binding is an unsized binding array, this overrides the size.
+ pub binding_array_size: Option<u32>,
+ pub mutable: bool,
+}
+
+// Using `BTreeMap` instead of `HashMap` so that we can hash itself.
+pub type BindingMap = std::collections::BTreeMap<crate::ResourceBinding, BindTarget>;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(any(feature = "serialize", feature = "deserialize"), serde(default))]
+pub struct PerStageResources {
+ pub resources: BindingMap,
+
+ pub push_constant_buffer: Option<Slot>,
+
+ /// The slot of a buffer that contains an array of `u32`,
+ /// one for the size of each bound buffer that contains a runtime array,
+ /// in order of [`crate::GlobalVariable`] declarations.
+ pub sizes_buffer: Option<Slot>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(any(feature = "serialize", feature = "deserialize"), serde(default))]
+pub struct PerStageMap {
+ pub vs: PerStageResources,
+ pub fs: PerStageResources,
+ pub cs: PerStageResources,
+}
+
+impl ops::Index<crate::ShaderStage> for PerStageMap {
+ type Output = PerStageResources;
+ fn index(&self, stage: crate::ShaderStage) -> &PerStageResources {
+ match stage {
+ crate::ShaderStage::Vertex => &self.vs,
+ crate::ShaderStage::Fragment => &self.fs,
+ crate::ShaderStage::Compute => &self.cs,
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+enum ResolvedBinding {
+ BuiltIn(crate::BuiltIn),
+ Attribute(u32),
+ Color(u32),
+ User {
+ prefix: &'static str,
+ index: u32,
+ interpolation: Option<ResolvedInterpolation>,
+ },
+ Resource(BindTarget),
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+enum ResolvedInterpolation {
+ CenterPerspective,
+ CenterNoPerspective,
+ CentroidPerspective,
+ CentroidNoPerspective,
+ SamplePerspective,
+ SampleNoPerspective,
+ Flat,
+}
+
+// Note: some of these should be removed in favor of proper IR validation.
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+ #[error(transparent)]
+ Format(#[from] FmtError),
+ #[error("bind target {0:?} is empty")]
+ UnimplementedBindTarget(BindTarget),
+ #[error("composing of {0:?} is not implemented yet")]
+ UnsupportedCompose(Handle<crate::Type>),
+ #[error("operation {0:?} is not implemented yet")]
+ UnsupportedBinaryOp(crate::BinaryOperator),
+ #[error("standard function '{0}' is not implemented yet")]
+ UnsupportedCall(String),
+ #[error("feature '{0}' is not implemented yet")]
+ FeatureNotImplemented(String),
+ #[error("module is not valid")]
+ Validation,
+ #[error("BuiltIn {0:?} is not supported")]
+ UnsupportedBuiltIn(crate::BuiltIn),
+ #[error("capability {0:?} is not supported")]
+ CapabilityNotSupported(crate::valid::Capabilities),
+ #[error("address space {0:?} is not supported for target MSL version")]
+ UnsupportedAddressSpace(crate::AddressSpace),
+ #[error("attribute '{0}' is not supported for target MSL version")]
+ UnsupportedAttribute(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
+pub enum EntryPointError {
+ #[error("mapping of {0:?} is missing")]
+ MissingBinding(crate::ResourceBinding),
+ #[error("mapping for push constants is missing")]
+ MissingPushConstants,
+ #[error("mapping for sizes buffer is missing")]
+ MissingSizesBuffer,
+}
+
+/// Points in the MSL code where we might emit a pipeline input or output.
+///
+/// Note that, even though vertex shaders' outputs are always fragment
+/// shaders' inputs, we still need to distinguish `VertexOutput` and
+/// `FragmentInput`, since there are certain differences in the way
+/// [`ResolvedBinding`s] are represented on either side.
+///
+/// [`ResolvedBinding`s]: ResolvedBinding
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+enum LocationMode {
+ /// Input to the vertex shader.
+ VertexInput,
+
+ /// Output from the vertex shader.
+ VertexOutput,
+
+ /// Input to the fragment shader.
+ FragmentInput,
+
+ /// Output from the fragment shader.
+ FragmentOutput,
+
+ /// Compute shader input or output.
+ Uniform,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
+pub struct Options {
+ /// (Major, Minor) target version of the Metal Shading Language.
+ pub lang_version: (u8, u8),
+ /// Map of per-stage resources to slots.
+ pub per_stage_map: PerStageMap,
+ /// Samplers to be inlined into the code.
+ pub inline_samplers: Vec<sampler::InlineSampler>,
+ /// Make it possible to link different stages via SPIRV-Cross.
+ pub spirv_cross_compatibility: bool,
+ /// Don't panic on missing bindings, instead generate invalid MSL.
+ pub fake_missing_bindings: bool,
+ /// Bounds checking policies.
+ #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", serde(default))]
+ pub bounds_check_policies: index::BoundsCheckPolicies,
+}
+
+impl Default for Options {
+ fn default() -> Self {
+ Options {
+ lang_version: (2, 0),
+ per_stage_map: PerStageMap::default(),
+ inline_samplers: Vec::new(),
+ spirv_cross_compatibility: false,
+ fake_missing_bindings: true,
+ bounds_check_policies: index::BoundsCheckPolicies::default(),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// A subset of options that are meant to be changed per pipeline.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
+pub struct PipelineOptions {
+ /// Allow `BuiltIn::PointSize` in the vertex shader.
+ ///
+ /// Metal doesn't like this for non-point primitive topologies.
+ pub allow_point_size: bool,
+}
+
+impl Options {
+ fn resolve_local_binding(
+ &self,
+ binding: &crate::Binding,
+ mode: LocationMode,
+ ) -> Result<ResolvedBinding, Error> {
+ match *binding {
+ crate::Binding::BuiltIn(mut built_in) => {
+ if let crate::BuiltIn::Position { ref mut invariant } = built_in {
+ if *invariant && self.lang_version < (2, 1) {
+ return Err(Error::UnsupportedAttribute("invariant".to_string()));
+ }
+
+ // The 'invariant' attribute may only appear on vertex
+ // shader outputs, not fragment shader inputs.
+ if !matches!(mode, LocationMode::VertexOutput) {
+ *invariant = false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ Ok(ResolvedBinding::BuiltIn(built_in))
+ }
+ crate::Binding::Location {
+ location,
+ interpolation,
+ sampling,
+ } => match mode {
+ LocationMode::VertexInput => Ok(ResolvedBinding::Attribute(location)),
+ LocationMode::FragmentOutput => Ok(ResolvedBinding::Color(location)),
+ LocationMode::VertexOutput | LocationMode::FragmentInput => {
+ Ok(ResolvedBinding::User {
+ prefix: if self.spirv_cross_compatibility {
+ "locn"
+ } else {
+ "loc"
+ },
+ index: location,
+ interpolation: {
+ // unwrap: The verifier ensures that vertex shader outputs and fragment
+ // shader inputs always have fully specified interpolation, and that
+ // sampling is `None` only for Flat interpolation.
+ let interpolation = interpolation.unwrap();
+ let sampling = sampling.unwrap_or(crate::Sampling::Center);
+ Some(ResolvedInterpolation::from_binding(interpolation, sampling))
+ },
+ })
+ }
+ LocationMode::Uniform => {
+ log::error!(
+ "Unexpected Binding::Location({}) for the Uniform mode",
+ location
+ );
+ Err(Error::Validation)
+ }
+ },
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn resolve_resource_binding(
+ &self,
+ stage: crate::ShaderStage,
+ res_binding: &crate::ResourceBinding,
+ ) -> Result<ResolvedBinding, EntryPointError> {
+ match self.per_stage_map[stage].resources.get(res_binding) {
+ Some(target) => Ok(ResolvedBinding::Resource(target.clone())),
+ None if self.fake_missing_bindings => Ok(ResolvedBinding::User {
+ prefix: "fake",
+ index: 0,
+ interpolation: None,
+ }),
+ None => Err(EntryPointError::MissingBinding(res_binding.clone())),
+ }
+ }
+
+ const fn resolve_push_constants(
+ &self,
+ stage: crate::ShaderStage,
+ ) -> Result<ResolvedBinding, EntryPointError> {
+ let slot = match stage {
+ crate::ShaderStage::Vertex => self.per_stage_map.vs.push_constant_buffer,
+ crate::ShaderStage::Fragment => self.per_stage_map.fs.push_constant_buffer,
+ crate::ShaderStage::Compute => self.per_stage_map.cs.push_constant_buffer,
+ };
+ match slot {
+ Some(slot) => Ok(ResolvedBinding::Resource(BindTarget {
+ buffer: Some(slot),
+ texture: None,
+ sampler: None,
+ binding_array_size: None,
+ mutable: false,
+ })),
+ None if self.fake_missing_bindings => Ok(ResolvedBinding::User {
+ prefix: "fake",
+ index: 0,
+ interpolation: None,
+ }),
+ None => Err(EntryPointError::MissingPushConstants),
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn resolve_sizes_buffer(
+ &self,
+ stage: crate::ShaderStage,
+ ) -> Result<ResolvedBinding, EntryPointError> {
+ let slot = self.per_stage_map[stage].sizes_buffer;
+ match slot {
+ Some(slot) => Ok(ResolvedBinding::Resource(BindTarget {
+ buffer: Some(slot),
+ texture: None,
+ sampler: None,
+ binding_array_size: None,
+ mutable: false,
+ })),
+ None if self.fake_missing_bindings => Ok(ResolvedBinding::User {
+ prefix: "fake",
+ index: 0,
+ interpolation: None,
+ }),
+ None => Err(EntryPointError::MissingSizesBuffer),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl ResolvedBinding {
+ fn as_inline_sampler<'a>(&self, options: &'a Options) -> Option<&'a sampler::InlineSampler> {
+ match *self {
+ Self::Resource(BindTarget {
+ sampler: Some(BindSamplerTarget::Inline(index)),
+ ..
+ }) => Some(&options.inline_samplers[index as usize]),
+ _ => None,
+ }
+ }
+
+ const fn as_bind_target(&self) -> Option<&BindTarget> {
+ match *self {
+ Self::Resource(ref target) => Some(target),
+ _ => None,
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn try_fmt<W: Write>(&self, out: &mut W) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ write!(out, " [[")?;
+ match *self {
+ Self::BuiltIn(built_in) => {
+ use crate::BuiltIn as Bi;
+ let name = match built_in {
+ Bi::Position { invariant: false } => "position",
+ Bi::Position { invariant: true } => "position, invariant",
+ // vertex
+ Bi::BaseInstance => "base_instance",
+ Bi::BaseVertex => "base_vertex",
+ Bi::ClipDistance => "clip_distance",
+ Bi::InstanceIndex => "instance_id",
+ Bi::PointSize => "point_size",
+ Bi::VertexIndex => "vertex_id",
+ // fragment
+ Bi::FragDepth => "depth(any)",
+ Bi::FrontFacing => "front_facing",
+ Bi::PrimitiveIndex => "primitive_id",
+ Bi::SampleIndex => "sample_id",
+ Bi::SampleMask => "sample_mask",
+ // compute
+ Bi::GlobalInvocationId => "thread_position_in_grid",
+ Bi::LocalInvocationId => "thread_position_in_threadgroup",
+ Bi::LocalInvocationIndex => "thread_index_in_threadgroup",
+ Bi::WorkGroupId => "threadgroup_position_in_grid",
+ Bi::WorkGroupSize => "dispatch_threads_per_threadgroup",
+ Bi::NumWorkGroups => "threadgroups_per_grid",
+ Bi::CullDistance | Bi::ViewIndex => {
+ return Err(Error::UnsupportedBuiltIn(built_in))
+ }
+ };
+ write!(out, "{}", name)?;
+ }
+ Self::Attribute(index) => write!(out, "attribute({})", index)?,
+ Self::Color(index) => write!(out, "color({})", index)?,
+ Self::User {
+ prefix,
+ index,
+ interpolation,
+ } => {
+ write!(out, "user({}{})", prefix, index)?;
+ if let Some(interpolation) = interpolation {
+ write!(out, ", ")?;
+ interpolation.try_fmt(out)?;
+ }
+ }
+ Self::Resource(ref target) => {
+ if let Some(id) = target.buffer {
+ write!(out, "buffer({})", id)?;
+ } else if let Some(id) = target.texture {
+ write!(out, "texture({})", id)?;
+ } else if let Some(BindSamplerTarget::Resource(id)) = target.sampler {
+ write!(out, "sampler({})", id)?;
+ } else {
+ return Err(Error::UnimplementedBindTarget(target.clone()));
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ write!(out, "]]")?;
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+impl ResolvedInterpolation {
+ const fn from_binding(interpolation: crate::Interpolation, sampling: crate::Sampling) -> Self {
+ use crate::Interpolation as I;
+ use crate::Sampling as S;
+
+ match (interpolation, sampling) {
+ (I::Perspective, S::Center) => Self::CenterPerspective,
+ (I::Perspective, S::Centroid) => Self::CentroidPerspective,
+ (I::Perspective, S::Sample) => Self::SamplePerspective,
+ (I::Linear, S::Center) => Self::CenterNoPerspective,
+ (I::Linear, S::Centroid) => Self::CentroidNoPerspective,
+ (I::Linear, S::Sample) => Self::SampleNoPerspective,
+ (I::Flat, _) => Self::Flat,
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn try_fmt<W: Write>(self, out: &mut W) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ let identifier = match self {
+ Self::CenterPerspective => "center_perspective",
+ Self::CenterNoPerspective => "center_no_perspective",
+ Self::CentroidPerspective => "centroid_perspective",
+ Self::CentroidNoPerspective => "centroid_no_perspective",
+ Self::SamplePerspective => "sample_perspective",
+ Self::SampleNoPerspective => "sample_no_perspective",
+ Self::Flat => "flat",
+ };
+ out.write_str(identifier)?;
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+/// Information about a translated module that is required
+/// for the use of the result.
+pub struct TranslationInfo {
+ /// Mapping of the entry point names. Each item in the array
+ /// corresponds to an entry point index.
+ ///
+ ///Note: Some entry points may fail translation because of missing bindings.
+ pub entry_point_names: Vec<Result<String, EntryPointError>>,
+}
+
+pub fn write_string(
+ module: &crate::Module,
+ info: &ModuleInfo,
+ options: &Options,
+ pipeline_options: &PipelineOptions,
+) -> Result<(String, TranslationInfo), Error> {
+ let mut w = writer::Writer::new(String::new());
+ let info = w.write(module, info, options, pipeline_options)?;
+ Ok((w.finish(), info))
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_error_size() {
+ use std::mem::size_of;
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<Error>(), 32);
+}