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+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Thread-local random number generator
+
+use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::thread_local;
+
+use super::std::Core;
+use crate::rngs::adapter::ReseedingRng;
+use crate::rngs::OsRng;
+use crate::{CryptoRng, Error, RngCore, SeedableRng};
+
+// Rationale for using `UnsafeCell` in `ThreadRng`:
+//
+// Previously we used a `RefCell`, with an overhead of ~15%. There will only
+// ever be one mutable reference to the interior of the `UnsafeCell`, because
+// we only have such a reference inside `next_u32`, `next_u64`, etc. Within a
+// single thread (which is the definition of `ThreadRng`), there will only ever
+// be one of these methods active at a time.
+//
+// A possible scenario where there could be multiple mutable references is if
+// `ThreadRng` is used inside `next_u32` and co. But the implementation is
+// completely under our control. We just have to ensure none of them use
+// `ThreadRng` internally, which is nonsensical anyway. We should also never run
+// `ThreadRng` in destructors of its implementation, which is also nonsensical.
+
+
+// Number of generated bytes after which to reseed `ThreadRng`.
+// According to benchmarks, reseeding has a noticeable impact with thresholds
+// of 32 kB and less. We choose 64 kB to avoid significant overhead.
+const THREAD_RNG_RESEED_THRESHOLD: u64 = 1024 * 64;
+
+/// A reference to the thread-local generator
+///
+/// An instance can be obtained via [`thread_rng`] or via `ThreadRng::default()`.
+/// This handle is safe to use everywhere (including thread-local destructors),
+/// though it is recommended not to use inside a fork handler.
+/// The handle cannot be passed between threads (is not `Send` or `Sync`).
+///
+/// `ThreadRng` uses the same PRNG as [`StdRng`] for security and performance
+/// and is automatically seeded from [`OsRng`].
+///
+/// Unlike `StdRng`, `ThreadRng` uses the [`ReseedingRng`] wrapper to reseed
+/// the PRNG from fresh entropy every 64 kiB of random data as well as after a
+/// fork on Unix (though not quite immediately; see documentation of
+/// [`ReseedingRng`]).
+/// Note that the reseeding is done as an extra precaution against side-channel
+/// attacks and mis-use (e.g. if somehow weak entropy were supplied initially).
+/// The PRNG algorithms used are assumed to be secure.
+///
+/// [`ReseedingRng`]: crate::rngs::adapter::ReseedingRng
+/// [`StdRng`]: crate::rngs::StdRng
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ThreadRng {
+ // Rc is explicitly !Send and !Sync
+ rng: Rc<UnsafeCell<ReseedingRng<Core, OsRng>>>,
+}
+
+thread_local!(
+ // We require Rc<..> to avoid premature freeing when thread_rng is used
+ // within thread-local destructors. See #968.
+ static THREAD_RNG_KEY: Rc<UnsafeCell<ReseedingRng<Core, OsRng>>> = {
+ let r = Core::from_rng(OsRng).unwrap_or_else(|err|
+ panic!("could not initialize thread_rng: {}", err));
+ let rng = ReseedingRng::new(r,
+ THREAD_RNG_RESEED_THRESHOLD,
+ OsRng);
+ Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(rng))
+ }
+);
+
+/// Retrieve the lazily-initialized thread-local random number generator,
+/// seeded by the system. Intended to be used in method chaining style,
+/// e.g. `thread_rng().gen::<i32>()`, or cached locally, e.g.
+/// `let mut rng = thread_rng();`. Invoked by the `Default` trait, making
+/// `ThreadRng::default()` equivalent.
+///
+/// For more information see [`ThreadRng`].
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))))]
+pub fn thread_rng() -> ThreadRng {
+ let rng = THREAD_RNG_KEY.with(|t| t.clone());
+ ThreadRng { rng }
+}
+
+impl Default for ThreadRng {
+ fn default() -> ThreadRng {
+ crate::prelude::thread_rng()
+ }
+}
+
+impl RngCore for ThreadRng {
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.next_u32()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.next_u64()
+ }
+
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.try_fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+}
+
+impl CryptoRng for ThreadRng {}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ #[test]
+ fn test_thread_rng() {
+ use crate::Rng;
+ let mut r = crate::thread_rng();
+ r.gen::<i32>();
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(0..1), 0);
+ }
+}