path: root/testing/web-platform/tests/dom/nodes/selectors.js

// Bit-mapped flags to indicate which tests the selector is suitable for
var TEST_QSA              = 0x01; // querySelector() and querySelectorAll() tests
var TEST_FIND             = 0x04; // find() and findAll() tests, may be unsuitable for querySelector[All]
var TEST_MATCH            = 0x10; // matches() tests

/*
 * All of these invalid selectors should result in a SyntaxError being thrown by the APIs.
 *
 *   name:     A descriptive name of the selector being tested
 *   selector: The selector to test
 */
var invalidSelectors = [
  {name: "Empty String",                 selector: ""},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: "["},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: "]"},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: "("},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: ")"},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: "{"},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: "}"},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: "<"},
  {name: "Invalid character",            selector: ">"},
  {name: "Invalid ID",                   selector: "#"},
  {name: "Invalid group of selectors",   selector: "div,"},
  {name: "Invalid class",                selector: "."},
  {name: "Invalid class",                selector: ".5cm"},
  {name: "Invalid class",                selector: "..test"},
  {name: "Invalid class",                selector: ".foo..quux"},
  {name: "Invalid class",                selector: ".bar."},
  {name: "Invalid combinator",           selector: "div % address, p"},
  {name: "Invalid combinator",           selector: "div ++ address, p"},
  {name: "Invalid combinator",           selector: "div ~~ address, p"},
  {name: "Invalid [att=value] selector", selector: "[*=test]"},
  {name: "Invalid [att=value] selector", selector: "[*|*=test]"},
  {name: "Invalid [att=value] selector", selector: "[class= space unquoted ]"},
  {name: "Unknown pseudo-class",         selector: "div:example"},
  {name: "Unknown pseudo-class",         selector: ":example"},
  {name: "Unknown pseudo-class",         selector: "div:linkexample"},
  {name: "Unknown pseudo-element",       selector: "div::example"},
  {name: "Unknown pseudo-element",       selector: "::example"},
  {name: "Invalid pseudo-element",       selector: ":::before"},
  {name: "Invalid pseudo-element",       selector: ":: before"},
  {name: "Undeclared namespace",         selector: "ns|div"},
  {name: "Undeclared namespace",         selector: ":not(ns|div)"},
  {name: "Invalid namespace",            selector: "^|div"},
  {name: "Invalid namespace",            selector: "$|div"},
  {name: "Relative selector",            selector: ">*"},
];

/*
 * All of these should be valid selectors, expected to match zero or more elements in the document.
 * None should throw any errors.
 *
 *   name:     A descriptive name of the selector being tested
 *   selector: The selector to test
 *   expect:   A list of IDs of the elements expected to be matched. List must be given in tree order.
 *   exclude:  An array of contexts to exclude from testing. The valid values are:
 *             ["document", "element", "fragment", "detached", "html", "xhtml"]
 *             The "html" and "xhtml" values represent the type of document being queried. These are useful
 *             for tests that are affected by differences between HTML and XML, such as case sensitivity.
 *   level:    An integer indicating the CSS or Selectors level in which the selector being tested was introduced.
 *   testType: A bit-mapped flag indicating the type of test.
 *
 * Note: Interactive pseudo-classes (:active :hover and :focus) have not been tested in this test suite.
 */
var validSelectors = [
  // Type Selector
  {name: "Type selector, matching html element", selector: "html", expect: ["html"],          exclude: ["element", "fragment", "detached"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Type selector, matching html element", selector: "html", expect: [] /*no matches*/, exclude: ["document"],                        level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Type selector, matching body element", selector: "body", expect: ["body"],          exclude: ["element", "fragment", "detached"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Type selector, matching body element", selector: "body", expect: [] /*no matches*/, exclude: ["document"],                        level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // Universal Selector
  {name: "Universal selector, matching all elements",                                    selector: "*",              expect: ["universal", "universal-p1", "universal-code1", "universal-hr1", "universal-pre1", "universal-span1", "universal-p2", "universal-a1", "universal-address1", "universal-code2", "universal-a2"], level: 2, testType: TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Universal selector, matching all children of element with specified ID",       selector: "#universal>*",   expect: ["universal-p1", "universal-hr1", "universal-pre1", "universal-p2", "universal-address1"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Universal selector, matching all grandchildren of element with specified ID",  selector: "#universal>*>*", expect: ["universal-code1", "universal-span1", "universal-a1", "universal-code2"],                 level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Universal selector, matching all children of empty element with specified ID", selector: "#empty>*",       expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                                                         level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Universal selector, matching all descendants of element with specified ID",    selector: "#universal *",   expect: ["universal-p1", "universal-code1", "universal-hr1", "universal-pre1", "universal-span1", "universal-p2", "universal-a1", "universal-address1", "universal-code2", "universal-a2"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // Attribute Selectors
  // - presence                  [att]
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching align attribute with value",                    selector: ".attr-presence-div1[align]",                             expect: ["attr-presence-div1"],                                                                   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching align attribute with empty value",              selector: ".attr-presence-div2[align]",                             expect: ["attr-presence-div2"],                                                                   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching title attribute, case insensitivity",           selector: "#attr-presence [*|TiTlE]",                                 expect: ["attr-presence-a1", "attr-presence-span1", "attr-presence-i1"], exclude: ["xhtml"],    level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, not matching title attribute, case sensitivity",         selector: "#attr-presence [*|TiTlE]",                                 expect: [],                                                              exclude: ["html"],     level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching custom data-* attribute",                       selector: "[data-attr-presence]",                                   expect: ["attr-presence-pre1", "attr-presence-blockquote1"],                                      level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, not matching attribute with similar name",               selector: ".attr-presence-div3[align], .attr-presence-div4[align]", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                                                        level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching attribute with non-ASCII characters",           selector: "ul[data-中文]",                                            expect: ["attr-presence-ul1"],                                                                    level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, not matching default option without selected attribute", selector: "#attr-presence-select1 option[selected]",                expect: [] /* no matches */,                                                                      level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching option with selected attribute",                selector: "#attr-presence-select2 option[selected]",                expect: ["attr-presence-select2-option4"],                                                        level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching multiple options with selected attributes",     selector: "#attr-presence-select3 option[selected]",                expect: ["attr-presence-select3-option2", "attr-presence-select3-option3"],                       level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - value                     [att=val]
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching align attribute with value",                                    selector: "#attr-value [align=\"center\"]",                                     expect: ["attr-value-div1"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching align attribute with value, unclosed bracket",                  selector: "#attr-value [align=\"center\"",                                      expect: ["attr-value-div1"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching align attribute with empty value",                              selector: "#attr-value [align=\"\"]",                                           expect: ["attr-value-div2"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, not matching align attribute with partial value",                        selector: "#attr-value [align=\"c\"]",                                          expect: [] /*no matches*/,   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, not matching align attribute with incorrect value",                      selector: "#attr-value [align=\"centera\"]",                                    expect: [] /*no matches*/,   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching custom data-* attribute with unicode escaped value",            selector: "[data-attr-value=\"\\e9\"]",                                         expect: ["attr-value-div3"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching custom data-* attribute with escaped character",                selector: "[data-attr-value\_foo=\"\\e9\"]",                                    expect: ["attr-value-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector with single-quoted value, matching multiple inputs with type attributes", selector: "#attr-value input[type='hidden'],#attr-value input[type='radio']",   expect: ["attr-value-input3", "attr-value-input4", "attr-value-input6", "attr-value-input8", "attr-value-input9"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector with double-quoted value, matching multiple inputs with type attributes", selector: "#attr-value input[type=\"hidden\"],#attr-value input[type='radio']", expect: ["attr-value-input3", "attr-value-input4", "attr-value-input6", "attr-value-input8", "attr-value-input9"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector with unquoted value, matching multiple inputs with type attributes",      selector: "#attr-value input[type=hidden],#attr-value input[type=radio]",       expect: ["attr-value-input3", "attr-value-input4", "attr-value-input6", "attr-value-input8", "attr-value-input9"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching attribute with value using non-ASCII characters",               selector: "[data-attr-value=中文]",                                               expect: ["attr-value-div5"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - whitespace-separated list [att~=val]
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching class attribute with value",                                  selector: "#attr-whitespace [class~=\"div1\"]",                                        expect: ["attr-whitespace-div1"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                        selector: "#attr-whitespace [class~=\"\"]",                                            expect: [] /*no matches*/ ,       level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, not matching class attribute with partial value",                      selector: "[data-attr-whitespace~=\"div\"]",                                           expect: [] /*no matches*/ ,       level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching custom data-* attribute with unicode escaped value",          selector: "[data-attr-whitespace~=\"\\0000e9\"]",                                      expect: ["attr-whitespace-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching custom data-* attribute with escaped character",              selector: "[data-attr-whitespace\_foo~=\"\\e9\"]",                                     expect: ["attr-whitespace-div5"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with single-quoted value, matching multiple links with rel attributes", selector: "#attr-whitespace a[rel~='bookmark'],  #attr-whitespace a[rel~='nofollow']", expect: ["attr-whitespace-a1", "attr-whitespace-a2", "attr-whitespace-a3", "attr-whitespace-a5", "attr-whitespace-a7"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with double-quoted value, matching multiple links with rel attributes", selector: "#attr-whitespace a[rel~=\"bookmark\"],#attr-whitespace a[rel~='nofollow']", expect: ["attr-whitespace-a1", "attr-whitespace-a2", "attr-whitespace-a3", "attr-whitespace-a5", "attr-whitespace-a7"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with unquoted value, matching multiple links with rel attributes",      selector: "#attr-whitespace a[rel~=bookmark],    #attr-whitespace a[rel~=nofollow]",   expect: ["attr-whitespace-a1", "attr-whitespace-a2", "attr-whitespace-a3", "attr-whitespace-a5", "attr-whitespace-a7"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with double-quoted value, not matching value with space",               selector: "#attr-whitespace a[rel~=\"book mark\"]",                                    expect: [] /* no matches */,      level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching title attribute with value using non-ASCII characters",       selector: "#attr-whitespace [title~=中文]",                                              expect: ["attr-whitespace-p1"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - hyphen-separated list     [att|=val]
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, not matching unspecified lang attribute",    selector: "#attr-hyphen-div1[lang|=\"en\"]",    expect: [] /*no matches*/,    level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, matching lang attribute with exact value",   selector: "#attr-hyphen-div2[lang|=\"fr\"]",    expect: ["attr-hyphen-div2"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, matching lang attribute with partial value", selector: "#attr-hyphen-div3[lang|=\"en\"]",    expect: ["attr-hyphen-div3"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, not matching incorrect value",               selector: "#attr-hyphen-div4[lang|=\"es-AR\"]", expect: [] /*no matches*/,    level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - substring begins-with     [att^=val] (Level 3)
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, matching href attributes beginning with specified substring",                             selector: "#attr-begins a[href^=\"http://www\"]", expect: ["attr-begins-a1", "attr-begins-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, matching lang attributes beginning with specified substring, ",                           selector: "#attr-begins [lang^=\"en-\"]",         expect: ["attr-begins-div2", "attr-begins-div4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                                           selector: "#attr-begins [class^=\"\"]",          expect: [] /*no matches*/,                        level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, not matching class attribute not beginning with specified substring",                     selector: "#attr-begins [class^=apple]",          expect: [] /*no matches*/,                        level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring",    selector: "#attr-begins [class^=' apple']",       expect: ["attr-begins-p1"],                       level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring",    selector: "#attr-begins [class^=\" apple\"]",     expect: ["attr-begins-p1"],                       level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector with unquoted value, not matching class attribute not beginning with specified substring", selector: "#attr-begins [class^= apple]",         expect: [] /*no matches*/,                        level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - substring ends-with       [att$=val] (Level 3)
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, matching href attributes ending with specified substring",                             selector: "#attr-ends a[href$=\".org\"]",   expect: ["attr-ends-a1", "attr-ends-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, matching lang attributes ending with specified substring, ",                           selector: "#attr-ends [lang$=\"-CH\"]",     expect: ["attr-ends-div2", "attr-ends-div4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                                        selector: "#attr-ends [class$=\"\"]",       expect: [] /*no matches*/,                    level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, not matching class attribute not ending with specified substring",                     selector: "#attr-ends [class$=apple]",      expect: [] /*no matches*/,                    level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "#attr-ends [class$='apple ']",   expect: ["attr-ends-p1"],                     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "#attr-ends [class$=\"apple \"]", expect: ["attr-ends-p1"],                     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector with unquoted value, not matching class attribute not ending with specified substring", selector: "#attr-ends [class$=apple ]",     expect: [] /*no matches*/,                    level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - substring contains        [att*=val] (Level 3)
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching href attributes beginning with specified substring",                          selector: "#attr-contains a[href*=\"http://www\"]",     expect: ["attr-contains-a1", "attr-contains-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching href attributes ending with specified substring",                             selector: "#attr-contains a[href*=\".org\"]",           expect: ["attr-contains-a1", "attr-contains-a2"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching href attributes containing specified substring",                              selector: "#attr-contains a[href*=\".example.\"]",      expect: ["attr-contains-a1", "attr-contains-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching lang attributes beginning with specified substring, ",                        selector: "#attr-contains [lang*=\"en-\"]",             expect: ["attr-contains-div2", "attr-contains-div6"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching lang attributes ending with specified substring, ",                           selector: "#attr-contains [lang*=\"-CH\"]",             expect: ["attr-contains-div3", "attr-contains-div5"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                                        selector: "#attr-contains [class*=\"\"]",               expect: [] /*no matches*/,                            level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring", selector: "#attr-contains [class*=' apple']",           expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "#attr-contains [class*='orange ']",          expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute containing specified substring",     selector: "#attr-contains [class*='ple banana ora']",   expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring", selector: "#attr-contains [class*=\" apple\"]",         expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "#attr-contains [class*=\"orange \"]",        expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute containing specified substring",     selector: "#attr-contains [class*=\"ple banana ora\"]", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with unquoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring",      selector: "#attr-contains [class*= apple]",             expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with unquoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",         selector: "#attr-contains [class*=orange ]",            expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with unquoted value, matching class attribute containing specified substring",          selector: "#attr-contains [class*= banana ]",           expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // Pseudo-classes
  // - :root                 (Level 3)
  {name: ":root pseudo-class selector, matching document root element",      selector: ":root", expect: ["html"],          exclude: ["element", "fragment", "detached"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":root pseudo-class selector, not matching document root element",  selector: ":root", expect: [] /*no matches*/, exclude: ["document"],                        level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - :nth-child(n)         (Level 3)
  // XXX write descriptions
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching the third child element",                              selector: "#pseudo-nth-table1 :nth-child(3)", expect: ["pseudo-nth-td3", "pseudo-nth-td9", "pseudo-nth-tr3", "pseudo-nth-td15"],                    level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every third child element",                            selector: "#pseudo-nth li:nth-child(3n)",     expect: ["pseudo-nth-li3", "pseudo-nth-li6", "pseudo-nth-li9", "pseudo-nth-li12"],                    level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every second child element, starting from the fourth", selector: "#pseudo-nth li:nth-child(2n+4)",   expect: ["pseudo-nth-li4", "pseudo-nth-li6", "pseudo-nth-li8", "pseudo-nth-li10", "pseudo-nth-li12"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every fourth child element, starting from the third",  selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 :nth-child(4n-1)",  expect: ["pseudo-nth-em2", "pseudo-nth-span3"],                                                       level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :nth-last-child       (Level 3)
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching the third last child element",                                           selector: "#pseudo-nth-table1 :nth-last-child(3)", expect: ["pseudo-nth-tr1", "pseudo-nth-td4", "pseudo-nth-td10", "pseudo-nth-td16"],                 level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching every third child element from the end",                                 selector: "#pseudo-nth li:nth-last-child(3n)",     expect: ["pseudo-nth-li1", "pseudo-nth-li4", "pseudo-nth-li7", "pseudo-nth-li10"],                  level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching every second child element from the end, starting from the fourth last", selector: "#pseudo-nth li:nth-last-child(2n+4)",   expect: ["pseudo-nth-li1", "pseudo-nth-li3", "pseudo-nth-li5", "pseudo-nth-li7", "pseudo-nth-li9"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching every fourth element from the end, starting from the third last",        selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 :nth-last-child(4n-1)",  expect: ["pseudo-nth-span2", "pseudo-nth-span4"],                                                   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :nth-of-type(n)       (Level 3)
  {name: ":nth-of-type selector, matching the third em element",                                        selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 em:nth-of-type(3)",      expect: ["pseudo-nth-em3"],                                                                                 level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-of-type selector, matching every second element of their type",                          selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 :nth-of-type(2n)",       expect: ["pseudo-nth-em2", "pseudo-nth-span2", "pseudo-nth-span4", "pseudo-nth-strong2", "pseudo-nth-em4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-of-type selector, matching every second elemetn of their type, starting from the first", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 span:nth-of-type(2n-1)", expect: ["pseudo-nth-span1", "pseudo-nth-span3"],                                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :nth-last-of-type(n)  (Level 3)
  {name: ":nth-last-of-type selector, matching the third last em element", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 em:nth-last-of-type(3)",      expect: ["pseudo-nth-em2"],                                                                                 level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-of-type selector, matching every second last element of their type", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 :nth-last-of-type(2n)",       expect: ["pseudo-nth-span1", "pseudo-nth-em1", "pseudo-nth-strong1", "pseudo-nth-em3", "pseudo-nth-span3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-of-type selector, matching every second last element of their type, starting from the last", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 span:nth-last-of-type(2n-1)", expect: ["pseudo-nth-span2", "pseudo-nth-span4"],                                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :first-of-type        (Level 3)
  {name: ":first-of-type selector, matching the first em element", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 em:first-of-type",      expect: ["pseudo-nth-em1"],                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":first-of-type selector, matching the first of every type of element", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 :first-of-type",        expect: ["pseudo-nth-span1", "pseudo-nth-em1", "pseudo-nth-strong1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":first-of-type selector, matching the first td element in each table row", selector: "#pseudo-nth-table1 tr :first-of-type", expect: ["pseudo-nth-td1", "pseudo-nth-td7", "pseudo-nth-td13"],      level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :last-of-type         (Level 3)
  {name: ":last-of-type selector, matching the last em elemnet", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 em:last-of-type",      expect: ["pseudo-nth-em4"],                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":last-of-type selector, matching the last of every type of element", selector: "#pseudo-nth-p1 :last-of-type",        expect: ["pseudo-nth-span4", "pseudo-nth-strong2", "pseudo-nth-em4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":last-of-type selector, matching the last td element in each table row", selector: "#pseudo-nth-table1 tr :last-of-type", expect: ["pseudo-nth-td6", "pseudo-nth-td12", "pseudo-nth-td18"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :first-child
  {name: ":first-child pseudo-class selector, matching first child div element",          selector: "#pseudo-first-child div:first-child",                                        expect: ["pseudo-first-child-div1"],                                                          level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":first-child pseudo-class selector, doesn't match non-first-child elements",    selector: ".pseudo-first-child-div2:first-child, .pseudo-first-child-div3:first-child", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                                                    level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: ":first-child pseudo-class selector, matching first-child of multiple elements", selector: "#pseudo-first-child span:first-child",                                       expect: ["pseudo-first-child-span1", "pseudo-first-child-span3", "pseudo-first-child-span5"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :last-child           (Level 3)
  {name: ":last-child pseudo-class selector, matching last child div element",           selector: "#pseudo-last-child div:last-child",                                       expect: ["pseudo-last-child-div3"],                                                        level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":last-child pseudo-class selector, doesn't match non-last-child elements",     selector: ".pseudo-last-child-div1:last-child, .pseudo-last-child-div2:first-child", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                                                 level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: ":last-child pseudo-class selector, matching first-child of multiple elements", selector: "#pseudo-last-child span:last-child",                                      expect: ["pseudo-last-child-span2", "pseudo-last-child-span4", "pseudo-last-child-span6"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :only-child           (Level 3)
  {name: ":pseudo-only-child pseudo-class selector, matching all only-child elements", selector: "#pseudo-only :only-child", expect: ["pseudo-only-span1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":pseudo-only-child pseudo-class selector, matching only-child em elements",  selector: "#pseudo-only em:only-child", expect: [] /*no matches*/,   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - :only-of-type         (Level 3)
  {name: ":pseudo-only-of-type pseudo-class selector, matching all elements with no siblings of the same type", selector: "#pseudo-only :only-of-type", expect: ["pseudo-only-span1", "pseudo-only-em1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":pseudo-only-of-type pseudo-class selector, matching em elements with no siblings of the same type",  selector: "#pseudo-only em:only-of-type", expect: ["pseudo-only-em1"],                    level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :empty                (Level 3)
  {name: ":empty pseudo-class selector, matching empty p elements",   selector: "#pseudo-empty p:empty", expect: ["pseudo-empty-p1", "pseudo-empty-p2"],                       level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":empty pseudo-class selector, matching all empty elements", selector: "#pseudo-empty :empty",  expect: ["pseudo-empty-p1", "pseudo-empty-p2", "pseudo-empty-span1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :link and :visited
  // Implementations may treat all visited links as unvisited, so these cannot be tested separately.
  // The only guarantee is that ":link,:visited" matches the set of all visited and unvisited links and that they are individually mutually exclusive sets.
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, matching a and area elements with href attributes",        selector: "#pseudo-link :link, #pseudo-link :visited", expect: ["pseudo-link-a1", "pseudo-link-a2", "pseudo-link-area1"],                                level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, matching no elements",                                     selector: "#head :link, #head :visited",               expect: [] /*no matches*/,                          exclude: ["element", "fragment", "detached"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, not matching link elements with href attributes",          selector: "#head :link, #head :visited",               expect: [] /*no matches*/,                          exclude: ["document"],                        level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, chained, mutually exclusive pseudo-classes match nothing", selector: ":link:visited",                             expect: [] /*no matches*/,                          exclude: ["document"],                        level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - :target               (Level 3)
  {name: ":target pseudo-class selector, matching the element referenced by the URL fragment identifier", selector: ":target", expect: [] /*no matches*/, exclude: ["document", "element"],  level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: ":target pseudo-class selector, matching the element referenced by the URL fragment identifier", selector: ":target", expect: ["target"],        exclude: ["fragment", "detached"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :lang()
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, matching inherited language",                     selector: "#pseudo-lang-div1:lang(en)",    expect: ["pseudo-lang-div1"], exclude: ["detached", "fragment"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, not matching element with no inherited language", selector: "#pseudo-lang-div1:lang(en)",    expect: [] /*no matches*/,    exclude: ["document", "element"],  level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, matching specified language with exact value",    selector: "#pseudo-lang-div2:lang(fr)",    expect: ["pseudo-lang-div2"],                                    level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, matching specified language with partial value",  selector: "#pseudo-lang-div3:lang(en)",    expect: ["pseudo-lang-div3"],                                    level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, not matching incorrect language",                 selector: "#pseudo-lang-div4:lang(es-AR)", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                       level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - :enabled              (Level 3)
  {name: ":enabled pseudo-class selector, matching all enabled form controls",  selector: "#pseudo-ui :enabled",  expect: ["pseudo-ui-input1", "pseudo-ui-input2", "pseudo-ui-input3", "pseudo-ui-input4", "pseudo-ui-input5", "pseudo-ui-input6",
                                                                                                                           "pseudo-ui-input7", "pseudo-ui-input8", "pseudo-ui-input9", "pseudo-ui-textarea1", "pseudo-ui-button1"],    level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":enabled pseudo-class selector, not matching link elements",  selector: "#pseudo-link :enabled",  expect: [] /*no matches*/, unexpected: ["pseudo-link-a1","pseudo-link-a2","pseudo-link-a3","pseudo-link-map1","pseudo-link-area1","pseudo-link-area2"],   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :disabled             (Level 3)
  {name: ":disabled pseudo-class selector, matching all disabled form controls", selector: "#pseudo-ui :disabled", expect: ["pseudo-ui-input10", "pseudo-ui-input11", "pseudo-ui-input12", "pseudo-ui-input13", "pseudo-ui-input14", "pseudo-ui-input15",
                                                                                                                           "pseudo-ui-input16", "pseudo-ui-input17", "pseudo-ui-input18", "pseudo-ui-textarea2", "pseudo-ui-button2"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":disabled pseudo-class selector, not matching link elements", selector: "#pseudo-link :disabled", expect: [] /*no matches*/, unexpected: ["pseudo-link-a1","pseudo-link-a2","pseudo-link-a3","pseudo-link-map1","pseudo-link-area1","pseudo-link-area2"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :checked              (Level 3)
  {name: ":checked pseudo-class selector, matching checked radio buttons and checkboxes", selector: "#pseudo-ui :checked", expect: ["pseudo-ui-input4", "pseudo-ui-input6", "pseudo-ui-input13", "pseudo-ui-input15"],  level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :not(s)               (Level 3)
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching ", selector: "#not>:not(div)",   expect: ["not-p1", "not-p2", "not-p3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching ", selector: "#not * :not(:first-child)",   expect: ["not-em1", "not-em2", "not-em3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching nothing", selector: ":not(*)",   expect: [] /* no matches */, level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching nothing", selector: ":not(*|*)", expect: [] /* no matches */, level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector argument surrounded by spaces, matching ", selector: "#not>:not( div )",   expect: ["not-p1", "not-p2", "not-p3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // Pseudo-elements
  // - ::first-line
  {name: ":first-line pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",    selector: "#pseudo-element:first-line",    expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "::first-line pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",   selector: "#pseudo-element::first-line",   expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - ::first-letter
  {name: ":first-letter pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",  selector: "#pseudo-element:first-letter",  expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "::first-letter pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements", selector: "#pseudo-element::first-letter", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - ::before
  {name: ":before pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",        selector: "#pseudo-element:before",        expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "::before pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",       selector: "#pseudo-element::before",       expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - ::after
  {name: ":after pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",         selector: "#pseudo-element:after",         expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "::after pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",        selector: "#pseudo-element::after",        expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // Class Selectors
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with specified class",                                           selector: ".class-p",                expect: ["class-p1","class-p2", "class-p3"],                                              level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, chained, matching only elements with all specified classes",                      selector: "#class .apple.orange.banana",    expect: ["class-div1", "class-div2", "class-p4", "class-div3", "class-p6", "class-div4"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class Selector, chained, with type selector",                                                     selector: "div.apple.banana.orange", expect: ["class-div1", "class-div2", "class-div3", "class-div4"],                         level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with class value using non-ASCII characters (1)",                selector: ".\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci",             expect: ["class-span1"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching multiple elements with class value using non-ASCII characters",          selector: ".\u53F0\u5317",                     expect: ["class-span1","class-span2"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, chained, matching element with multiple class values using non-ASCII characters (1)", selector: ".\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci.\u53F0\u5317",          expect: ["class-span1"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with class with escaped character",                              selector: ".foo\\:bar",              expect: ["class-span3"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with class with escaped character",                              selector: ".test\\.foo\\[5\\]bar",   expect: ["class-span4"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // ID Selectors
  {name: "ID selector, matching element with specified id",           selector: "#id #id-div1",              expect: ["id-div1"],            level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, chained, matching element with specified id",  selector: "#id-div1, #id-div1",        expect: ["id-div1"],            level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, chained, matching element with specified id",  selector: "#id-div1, #id-div2",        expect: ["id-div1", "id-div2"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID Selector, chained, with type selector",                  selector: "div#id-div1, div#id-div2",  expect: ["id-div1", "id-div2"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, not matching non-existent descendant",         selector: "#id #none",                 expect: [] /*no matches*/,      level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "ID selector, not matching non-existent ancestor",           selector: "#none #id-div1",            expect: [] /*no matches*/,      level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "ID selector, matching multiple elements with duplicate id", selector: "#id-li-duplicate",          expect: ["id-li-duplicate", "id-li-duplicate", "id-li-duplicate", "id-li-duplicate"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  {name: "ID selector, matching id value using non-ASCII characters (1)",    selector: "#\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci",           expect: ["\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci"],       level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, matching id value using non-ASCII characters (2)",    selector: "#\u53F0\u5317",                   expect: ["\u53F0\u5317"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, matching id values using non-ASCII characters (1)", selector: "#\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci, #\u53F0\u5317",      expect: ["\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci", "\u53F0\u5317"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // XXX runMatchesTest() in level2-lib.js can't handle this because obtaining the expected nodes requires escaping characters when generating the selector from 'expect' values
  {name: "ID selector, matching element with id with escaped character", selector: "#\\#foo\\:bar",         expect: ["#foo:bar"],         level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "ID selector, matching element with id with escaped character", selector: "#test\\.foo\\[5\\]bar", expect: ["test.foo[5]bar"],   level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // Namespaces
  // XXX runMatchesTest() in level2-lib.js can't handle these because non-HTML elements don't have a recognised id
  {name: "Namespace selector, matching element with any namespace",        selector: "#any-namespace *|div", expect: ["any-namespace-div1", "any-namespace-div2", "any-namespace-div3", "any-namespace-div4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Namespace selector, matching div elements in no namespace only", selector: "#no-namespace |div",   expect: ["no-namespace-div3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Namespace selector, matching any elements in no namespace only", selector: "#no-namespace |*",     expect: ["no-namespace-div3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // Combinators
  // - Descendant combinator ' '
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element that is a descendant of an element with id",                 selector: "#descendant div",                   expect: ["descendant-div1", "descendant-div2", "descendant-div3", "descendant-div4"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with id that is a descendant of an element",                 selector: "body #descendant-div1",             expect: ["descendant-div1"], exclude: ["detached", "fragment"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with id that is a descendant of an element",                 selector: "div #descendant-div1",              expect: ["descendant-div1"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with id that is a descendant of an element with id",         selector: "#descendant #descendant-div2",      expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with id",      selector: "#descendant .descendant-div2",      expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with class",   selector: ".descendant-div1 .descendant-div3", expect: ["descendant-div3"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, not matching element with id that is not a descendant of an element with id", selector: "#descendant-div1 #descendant-div4", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                      level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, whitespace characters",                                                       selector: "#descendant\t\r\n#descendant-div2", expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  /* The future of this combinator is uncertain, see
   * https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/641
   * These tests are commented out until a final decision is made on whether to
   * keep the feature in the spec.
   */

  // // - Descendant combinator '>>'
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element that is a descendant of an element with id",                 selector: "#descendant>>div",                   expect: ["descendant-div1", "descendant-div2", "descendant-div3", "descendant-div4"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with id that is a descendant of an element",                 selector: "body>>#descendant-div1",             expect: ["descendant-div1"], exclude: ["detached", "fragment"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with id that is a descendant of an element",                 selector: "div>>#descendant-div1",              expect: ["descendant-div1"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with id that is a descendant of an element with id",         selector: "#descendant>>#descendant-div2",      expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with id",      selector: "#descendant>>.descendant-div2",      expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with class",   selector: ".descendant-div1>>.descendant-div3", expect: ["descendant-div3"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', not matching element with id that is not a descendant of an element with id", selector: "#descendant-div1>>#descendant-div4", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                      level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA},

  // - Child combinator '>'
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element that is a child of an element with id",                       selector: "#child>div",                          expect: ["child-div1", "child-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with id that is a child of an element",                       selector: "div>#child-div1",                     expect: ["child-div1"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with id that is a child of an element with id",               selector: "#child>#child-div1",                  expect: ["child-div1"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with id that is a child of an element with class",            selector: "#child-div1>.child-div2",             expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with class that is a child of an element with class",         selector: ".child-div1>.child-div2",             expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, not matching element with id that is not a child of an element with id",       selector: "#child>#child-div3",                  expect: [] /*no matches*/,            level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Child combinator, not matching element with id that is not a child of an element with class",    selector: "#child-div1>.child-div3",             expect: [] /*no matches*/,            level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Child combinator, not matching element with class that is not a child of an element with class", selector: ".child-div1>.child-div3",             expect: [] /*no matches*/,            level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Child combinator, surrounded by whitespace",                                                     selector: "#child-div1\t\r\n>\t\r\n#child-div2", expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, whitespace after",                                                             selector: "#child-div1>\t\r\n#child-div2",       expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, whitespace before",                                                            selector: "#child-div1\t\r\n>#child-div2",       expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, no whitespace",                                                                selector: "#child-div1>#child-div2",             expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - Adjacent sibling combinator '+'
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element that is an adjacent sibling of an element with id",                 selector: "#adjacent-div2+div",                                         expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with id that is an adjacent sibling of an element",                 selector: "div+#adjacent-div4",                                         expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with id that is an adjacent sibling of an element with id",         selector: "#adjacent-div2+#adjacent-div4",                              expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with class that is an adjacent sibling of an element with id",      selector: "#adjacent-div2+.adjacent-div4",                              expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with class that is an adjacent sibling of an element with class",   selector: ".adjacent-div2+.adjacent-div4",                              expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching p element that is an adjacent sibling of a div element",                    selector: "#adjacent div+p",                                            expect: ["adjacent-p2"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, not matching element with id that is not an adjacent sibling of an element with id", selector: "#adjacent-div2+#adjacent-p2, #adjacent-div2+#adjacent-div1", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, surrounded by whitespace",                                                           selector: "#adjacent-p2\t\r\n+\t\r\n#adjacent-p3",                      expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, whitespace after",                                                                   selector: "#adjacent-p2+\t\r\n#adjacent-p3",                            expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, whitespace before",                                                                  selector: "#adjacent-p2\t\r\n+#adjacent-p3",                            expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, no whitespace",                                                                      selector: "#adjacent-p2+#adjacent-p3",                                  expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - General sibling combinator ~ (Level 3)
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element that is a sibling of an element with id",                    selector: "#sibling-div2~div",                                        expect: ["sibling-div4", "sibling-div6"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element with id that is a sibling of an element",                    selector: "div~#sibling-div4",                                        expect: ["sibling-div4"],                 level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element with id that is a sibling of an element with id",            selector: "#sibling-div2~#sibling-div4",                              expect: ["sibling-div4"],                 level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element with class that is a sibling of an element with id",         selector: "#sibling-div2~.sibling-div",                               expect: ["sibling-div4", "sibling-div6"],                 level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching p element that is a sibling of a div element",                       selector: "#sibling div~p",                                           expect: ["sibling-p2", "sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, not matching element with id that is not a sibling after a p element",        selector: "#sibling>p~div",                                           expect: [] /*no matches*/,                level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, not matching element with id that is not a sibling after an element with id", selector: "#sibling-div2~#sibling-div3, #sibling-div2~#sibling-div1", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, surrounded by whitespace",                                                    selector: "#sibling-p2\t\r\n~\t\r\n#sibling-p3",                      expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, whitespace after",                                                            selector: "#sibling-p2~\t\r\n#sibling-p3",                            expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, whitespace before",                                                           selector: "#sibling-p2\t\r\n~#sibling-p3",                            expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, no whitespace",                                                               selector: "#sibling-p2~#sibling-p3",                                  expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // Group of selectors (comma)
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, surrounded by whitespace", selector: "#group em\t\r \n,\t\r \n#group strong", expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, whitespace after",         selector: "#group em,\t\r\n#group strong",         expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, whitespace before",        selector: "#group em\t\r\n,#group strong",         expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, no whitespace",            selector: "#group em,#group strong",               expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // ::slotted (shouldn't match anything, but is a valid selector)
  {name: "Slotted selector", selector: "::slotted(foo)", expect: [], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
  {name: "Slotted selector (no matching closing paren)", selector: "::slotted(foo", expect: [], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA},
];


/*
 * These selectors are intended to be used with the find(), findAll() and matches() methods.  Expected results
 * should be determined under the assumption that :scope will be prepended to the selector where appropriate,
 * in accordance with the specification.
 *
 * All of these should be valid relative selectors, expected to match zero or more elements in the document.
 * None should throw any errors.
 *
 *   name:      A descriptive name of the selector being tested
 *
 *   selector:  The selector to test
 *
 *   ctx:       A selector to obtain the context object to use for tests invoking context.find(),
 *              and to use as a single reference node for tests invoking document.find().
 *              Note: context = root.querySelector(ctx);
 *
 *   ref:       A selector to obtain the reference nodes to be used for the selector.
 *              Note: If root is the document or an in-document element:
 *                      refNodes = document.querySelectorAll(ref);
 *                    Otherwise, if root is a fragment or detached element:
 *                      refNodes = root.querySelectorAll(ref);
 *
 *   expect:    A list of IDs of the elements expected to be matched. List must be given in tree order.
 *
 *   unexpected: A list of IDs of some elements that are not expected to match the given selector.
 *               This is used to verify that unexpected.matches(selector, refNode) does not match.
 *
 *   exclude:   An array of contexts to exclude from testing. The valid values are:
 *              ["document", "element", "fragment", "detached", "html", "xhtml"]
 *              The "html" and "xhtml" values represent the type of document being queried. These are useful
 *              for tests that are affected by differences between HTML and XML, such as case sensitivity.
 *
 *   level:     An integer indicating the CSS or Selectors level in which the selector being tested was introduced.
 *
 *   testType:  A bit-mapped flag indicating the type of test.
 *
 * The test function for these tests accepts a specified root node, on which the methods will be invoked during the tests.
 *
 * Based on whether either 'context' or 'refNodes', or both, are specified the tests will execute the following methods:
 *
 * Where testType is TEST_FIND:
 *
 * context.findAll(selector, refNodes)
 * context.findAll(selector)        // Only if refNodes is not specified
 * root.findAll(selector, context)  // Only if refNodes is not specified
 * root.findAll(selector, refNodes) // Only if context is not specified
 * root.findAll(selector)           // Only if neither context nor refNodes is specified
 *
 * Where testType is TEST_QSA
 *
 * context.querySelectorAll(selector)
 * root.querySelectorAll(selector)  // Only if neither context nor refNodes is specified
 *
 * Equivalent tests will be run for .find() as well.
 * Note: Do not specify a testType of TEST_QSA where either implied :scope or explicit refNodes
 * are required.
 *
 * Where testType is TEST_MATCH:
 * For each expected result given, within the specified root:
 *
 * expect.matches(selector, context)    // Only where refNodes is not specified
 * expect.matches(selector, refNodes)
 * expect.matches(selector)             // Only if neither context nor refNodes is specified
 *
 * The tests involving refNodes for both find(), findAll() and matches() will each be run by passing the
 * collection as a NodeList, an Array and, if there is only a single element, an Element node.
 *
 * Note: Interactive pseudo-classes (:active :hover and :focus) have not been tested in this test suite.
 */

var scopedSelectors = [
  //{name: "", selector: "", ctx: "", ref: "", expect: [], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // Attribute Selectors
  // - presence                  [att]
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching align attribute with value",                    selector: ".attr-presence-div1[align]",                             ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: ["attr-presence-div1"],                                             level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching align attribute with empty value",              selector: ".attr-presence-div2[align]",                             ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: ["attr-presence-div2"],                                             level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching title attribute, case insensitivity",           selector: "[TiTlE]",                                                ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: ["attr-presence-a1", "attr-presence-span1"], exclude: ["xhtml"],    level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, not matching title attribute, case sensitivity",         selector: "[TiTlE]",                                                ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: [],                                          exclude: ["html"],     level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching custom data-* attribute",                       selector: "[data-attr-presence]",                                   ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: ["attr-presence-pre1", "attr-presence-blockquote1"],                level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, not matching attribute with similar name",               selector: ".attr-presence-div3[align], .attr-presence-div4[align]", ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                                  level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching attribute with non-ASCII characters",           selector: "ul[data-中文]",                                            ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: ["attr-presence-ul1"],                                              level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, not matching default option without selected attribute", selector: "#attr-presence-select1 option[selected]",                ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: [] /* no matches */,                                                level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching option with selected attribute",                selector: "#attr-presence-select2 option[selected]",                ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: ["attr-presence-select2-option4"],                                  level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute presence selector, matching multiple options with selected attributes",     selector: "#attr-presence-select3 option[selected]",                ctx: "#attr-presence", expect: ["attr-presence-select3-option2", "attr-presence-select3-option3"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - value                     [att=val]
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching align attribute with value",                                    selector: "[align=\"center\"]",                                     ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-div1"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching align attribute with empty value",                              selector: "[align=\"\"]",                                           ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-div2"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, not matching align attribute with partial value",                        selector: "[align=\"c\"]",                                          ctx: "#attr-value", expect: [] /*no matches*/,   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, not matching align attribute with incorrect value",                      selector: "[align=\"centera\"]",                                    ctx: "#attr-value", expect: [] /*no matches*/,   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching custom data-* attribute with unicode escaped value",            selector: "[data-attr-value=\"\\e9\"]",                             ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-div3"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching custom data-* attribute with escaped character",                selector: "[data-attr-value\_foo=\"\\e9\"]",                        ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector with single-quoted value, matching multiple inputs with type attributes", selector: "input[type='hidden'],#attr-value input[type='radio']",   ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-input3", "attr-value-input4", "attr-value-input6", "attr-value-input8", "attr-value-input9"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector with double-quoted value, matching multiple inputs with type attributes", selector: "input[type=\"hidden\"],#attr-value input[type='radio']", ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-input3", "attr-value-input4", "attr-value-input6", "attr-value-input8", "attr-value-input9"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector with unquoted value, matching multiple inputs with type attributes",      selector: "input[type=hidden],#attr-value input[type=radio]",       ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-input3", "attr-value-input4", "attr-value-input6", "attr-value-input8", "attr-value-input9"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute value selector, matching attribute with value using non-ASCII characters",               selector: "[data-attr-value=中文]",                                   ctx: "#attr-value", expect: ["attr-value-div5"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - whitespace-separated list [att~=val]
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching class attribute with value",                                  selector: "[class~=\"div1\"]",                                        ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: ["attr-whitespace-div1"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                        selector: "[class~=\"\"]",                                            ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: [] /*no matches*/ ,       level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, not matching class attribute with partial value",                      selector: "[data-attr-whitespace~=\"div\"]",                                           ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: [] /*no matches*/ ,       level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching custom data-* attribute with unicode escaped value",          selector: "[data-attr-whitespace~=\"\\0000e9\"]",                                      ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: ["attr-whitespace-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching custom data-* attribute with escaped character",              selector: "[data-attr-whitespace\_foo~=\"\\e9\"]",                                     ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: ["attr-whitespace-div5"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with single-quoted value, matching multiple links with rel attributes", selector: "a[rel~='bookmark'],  #attr-whitespace a[rel~='nofollow']", ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: ["attr-whitespace-a1", "attr-whitespace-a2", "attr-whitespace-a3", "attr-whitespace-a5", "attr-whitespace-a7"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with double-quoted value, matching multiple links with rel attributes", selector: "a[rel~=\"bookmark\"],#attr-whitespace a[rel~='nofollow']", ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: ["attr-whitespace-a1", "attr-whitespace-a2", "attr-whitespace-a3", "attr-whitespace-a5", "attr-whitespace-a7"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with unquoted value, matching multiple links with rel attributes",      selector: "a[rel~=bookmark],    #attr-whitespace a[rel~=nofollow]",   ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: ["attr-whitespace-a1", "attr-whitespace-a2", "attr-whitespace-a3", "attr-whitespace-a5", "attr-whitespace-a7"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector with double-quoted value, not matching value with space",               selector: "a[rel~=\"book mark\"]",                                    ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: [] /* no matches */,      level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute whitespace-separated list selector, matching title attribute with value using non-ASCII characters",       selector: "[title~=中文]",                                              ctx: "#attr-whitespace", expect: ["attr-whitespace-p1"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - hyphen-separated list     [att|=val]
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, not matching unspecified lang attribute",    selector: "#attr-hyphen-div1[lang|=\"en\"]",    ctx: "#attr-hyphen", expect: [] /*no matches*/,    level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, matching lang attribute with exact value",   selector: "#attr-hyphen-div2[lang|=\"fr\"]",    ctx: "#attr-hyphen", expect: ["attr-hyphen-div2"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, matching lang attribute with partial value", selector: "#attr-hyphen-div3[lang|=\"en\"]",    ctx: "#attr-hyphen", expect: ["attr-hyphen-div3"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute hyphen-separated list selector, not matching incorrect value",               selector: "#attr-hyphen-div4[lang|=\"es-AR\"]", ctx: "#attr-hyphen", expect: [] /*no matches*/,    level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - substring begins-with     [att^=val] (Level 3)
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, matching href attributes beginning with specified substring",                             selector: "a[href^=\"http://www\"]", ctx: "#attr-begins", expect: ["attr-begins-a1", "attr-begins-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, matching lang attributes beginning with specified substring, ",                           selector: "[lang^=\"en-\"]",         ctx: "#attr-begins", expect: ["attr-begins-div2", "attr-begins-div4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                                           selector: "[class^=\"\"]",          ctx: "#attr-begins", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                        level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector, not matching class attribute not beginning with specified substring",                     selector: "[class^=apple]",          ctx: "#attr-begins", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                        level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring",    selector: "[class^=' apple']",       ctx: "#attr-begins", expect: ["attr-begins-p1"],                       level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring",    selector: "[class^=\" apple\"]",     ctx: "#attr-begins", expect: ["attr-begins-p1"],                       level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute begins with selector with unquoted value, not matching class attribute not beginning with specified substring", selector: "[class^= apple]",         ctx: "#attr-begins", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                        level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - substring ends-with       [att$=val] (Level 3)
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, matching href attributes ending with specified substring",                             selector: "a[href$=\".org\"]",   ctx: "#attr-ends", expect: ["attr-ends-a1", "attr-ends-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, matching lang attributes ending with specified substring, ",                           selector: "[lang$=\"-CH\"]",     ctx: "#attr-ends", expect: ["attr-ends-div2", "attr-ends-div4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                                        selector: "[class$=\"\"]",       ctx: "#attr-ends", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector, not matching class attribute not ending with specified substring",                     selector: "[class$=apple]",      ctx: "#attr-ends", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "[class$='apple ']",   ctx: "#attr-ends", expect: ["attr-ends-p1"],                     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "[class$=\"apple \"]", ctx: "#attr-ends", expect: ["attr-ends-p1"],                     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute ends with selector with unquoted value, not matching class attribute not ending with specified substring", selector: "[class$=apple ]",     ctx: "#attr-ends", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - substring contains        [att*=val] (Level 3)
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching href attributes beginning with specified substring",                          selector: "a[href*=\"http://www\"]",     ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-a1", "attr-contains-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching href attributes ending with specified substring",                             selector: "a[href*=\".org\"]",           ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-a1", "attr-contains-a2"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching href attributes containing specified substring",                              selector: "a[href*=\".example.\"]",      ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-a1", "attr-contains-a3"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching lang attributes beginning with specified substring, ",                        selector: "[lang*=\"en-\"]",             ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-div2", "attr-contains-div6"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, matching lang attributes ending with specified substring, ",                           selector: "[lang*=\"-CH\"]",             ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-div3", "attr-contains-div5"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector, not matching class attribute with empty value",                                        selector: "[class*=\"\"]",               ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                            level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring", selector: "[class*=' apple']",           ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "[class*='orange ']",          ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with single-quoted value, matching class attribute containing specified substring",     selector: "[class*='ple banana ora']",   ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring", selector: "[class*=\" apple\"]",         ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",    selector: "[class*=\"orange \"]",        ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with double-quoted value, matching class attribute containing specified substring",     selector: "[class*=\"ple banana ora\"]", ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with unquoted value, matching class attribute beginning with specified substring",      selector: "[class*= apple]",             ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with unquoted value, matching class attribute ending with specified substring",         selector: "[class*=orange ]",            ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Attribute contains selector with unquoted value, matching class attribute containing specified substring",          selector: "[class*= banana ]",           ctx: "#attr-contains", expect: ["attr-contains-p1"],                         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // Pseudo-classes
  // - :root                 (Level 3)
  {name: ":root pseudo-class selector, matching document root element",      selector: ":root",               expect: ["html"],          exclude: ["element", "fragment", "detached"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":root pseudo-class selector, not matching document root element",  selector: ":root",               expect: [] /*no matches*/, exclude: ["document"],                        level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":root pseudo-class selector, not matching document root element",  selector: ":root", ctx: "#html", expect: [] /*no matches*/, exclude: ["fragment", "detached"],            level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - :nth-child(n)         (Level 3)
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching the third child element",                                               selector: ":nth-child(3)",                    ctx: "#pseudo-nth-table1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-td3", "pseudo-nth-td9", "pseudo-nth-tr3", "pseudo-nth-td15"],             level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every third child element",                                             selector: "li:nth-child(3n)",                 ctx: "#pseudo-nth", expect: ["pseudo-nth-li3", "pseudo-nth-li6", "pseudo-nth-li9", "pseudo-nth-li12"],                    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every second child element, starting from the fourth",                  selector: "li:nth-child(2n+4)",               ctx: "#pseudo-nth", expect: ["pseudo-nth-li4", "pseudo-nth-li6", "pseudo-nth-li8", "pseudo-nth-li10", "pseudo-nth-li12"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every second child element, starting from the fourth, with whitespace", selector: "li:nth-child(2n \t\r\n+ \t\r\n4)", ctx: "#pseudo-nth", expect: ["pseudo-nth-li4", "pseudo-nth-li6", "pseudo-nth-li8", "pseudo-nth-li10", "pseudo-nth-li12"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every fourth child element, starting from the third",                   selector: ":nth-child(4n-1)",                 ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-em2", "pseudo-nth-span3"],                                                    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector, matching every fourth child element, starting from the third, with whitespace",  selector: ":nth-child(4n \t\r\n- \t\r\n1)",   ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-em2", "pseudo-nth-span3"],                                                    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-child selector used twice, matching ",                                                           selector: ":nth-child(1) :nth-child(1)",      ctx: "#pseudo-nth", expect: ["pseudo-nth-table1", "pseudo-nth-tr1"],                                                      level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :nth-last-child       (Level 3)
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching the third last child element",                                           selector: ":nth-last-child(3)",      ctx: "#pseudo-nth-table1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-tr1", "pseudo-nth-td4", "pseudo-nth-td10", "pseudo-nth-td16"],         level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching every third child element from the end",                                 selector: "li:nth-last-child(3n)",   ctx: "pseudo-nth", expect: ["pseudo-nth-li1", "pseudo-nth-li4", "pseudo-nth-li7", "pseudo-nth-li10"],                  level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching every second child element from the end, starting from the fourth last", selector: "li:nth-last-child(2n+4)", ctx: "pseudo-nth", expect: ["pseudo-nth-li1", "pseudo-nth-li3", "pseudo-nth-li5", "pseudo-nth-li7", "pseudo-nth-li9"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-child selector, matching every fourth element from the end, starting from the third last",        selector: ":nth-last-child(4n-1)",   ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-span2", "pseudo-nth-span4"],                                               level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :nth-of-type(n)       (Level 3)
  {name: ":nth-of-type selector, matching the third em element",                                        selector: "em:nth-of-type(3)",      ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-em3"],                                                                                 level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-of-type selector, matching every second element of their type",                          selector: ":nth-of-type(2n)",       ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-em2", "pseudo-nth-span2", "pseudo-nth-span4", "pseudo-nth-strong2", "pseudo-nth-em4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-of-type selector, matching every second elemetn of their type, starting from the first", selector: "span:nth-of-type(2n-1)", ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-span1", "pseudo-nth-span3"],                                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :nth-last-of-type(n)  (Level 3)
  {name: ":nth-last-of-type selector, matching the third last em element",                                       selector: "em:nth-last-of-type(3)",      ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-em2"],                                                                                 level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-of-type selector, matching every second last element of their type",                         selector: ":nth-last-of-type(2n)",       ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-span1", "pseudo-nth-em1", "pseudo-nth-strong1", "pseudo-nth-em3", "pseudo-nth-span3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":nth-last-of-type selector, matching every second last element of their type, starting from the last", selector: "span:nth-last-of-type(2n-1)", ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-span2", "pseudo-nth-span4"],                                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :first-of-type        (Level 3)
  {name: ":first-of-type selector, matching the first em element",                   selector: "em:first-of-type",  ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1",     expect: ["pseudo-nth-em1"],                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":first-of-type selector, matching the first of every type of element",     selector: ":first-of-type",    ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1",     expect: ["pseudo-nth-span1", "pseudo-nth-em1", "pseudo-nth-strong1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":first-of-type selector, matching the first td element in each table row", selector: "tr :first-of-type", ctx: "#pseudo-nth-table1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-td1", "pseudo-nth-td7", "pseudo-nth-td13"],      level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :last-of-type         (Level 3)
  {name: ":last-of-type selector, matching the last em elemnet",                     selector: "em:last-of-type",   ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1",     expect: ["pseudo-nth-em4"],                                           level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":last-of-type selector, matching the last of every type of element",       selector: ":last-of-type",     ctx: "#pseudo-nth-p1",     expect: ["pseudo-nth-span4", "pseudo-nth-strong2", "pseudo-nth-em4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":last-of-type selector, matching the last td element in each table row",   selector: "tr :last-of-type",  ctx: "#pseudo-nth-table1", expect: ["pseudo-nth-td6", "pseudo-nth-td12", "pseudo-nth-td18"],     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :first-child
  {name: ":first-child pseudo-class selector, matching first child div element",          selector: "div:first-child",                                                            ctx: "#pseudo-first-child", expect: ["pseudo-first-child-div1"],                                                          level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":first-child pseudo-class selector, doesn't match non-first-child elements",    selector: ".pseudo-first-child-div2:first-child, .pseudo-first-child-div3:first-child", ctx: "#pseudo-first-child", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                                                    level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":first-child pseudo-class selector, matching first-child of multiple elements", selector: "span:first-child",                                                           ctx: "#pseudo-first-child", expect: ["pseudo-first-child-span1", "pseudo-first-child-span3", "pseudo-first-child-span5"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :last-child           (Level 3)
  {name: ":last-child pseudo-class selector, matching last child div element",           selector: "div:last-child",                                                          ctx: "#pseudo-last-child", expect: ["pseudo-last-child-div3"],                                                        level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":last-child pseudo-class selector, doesn't match non-last-child elements",     selector: ".pseudo-last-child-div1:last-child, .pseudo-last-child-div2:first-child", ctx: "#pseudo-last-child", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                                                 level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":last-child pseudo-class selector, matching first-child of multiple elements", selector: "span:last-child",                                                         ctx: "#pseudo-last-child", expect: ["pseudo-last-child-span2", "pseudo-last-child-span4", "pseudo-last-child-span6"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :only-child           (Level 3)
  {name: ":pseudo-only-child pseudo-class selector, matching all only-child elements", selector: ":only-child",   ctx: "#pseudo-only", expect: ["pseudo-only-span1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":pseudo-only-child pseudo-class selector, matching only-child em elements",  selector: "em:only-child", ctx: "#pseudo-only", expect: [] /*no matches*/,     level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - :only-of-type         (Level 3)
  {name: ":pseudo-only-of-type pseudo-class selector, matching all elements with no siblings of the same type", selector: " :only-of-type",   ctx: "#pseudo-only", expect: ["pseudo-only-span1", "pseudo-only-em1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":pseudo-only-of-type pseudo-class selector, matching em elements with no siblings of the same type",  selector: " em:only-of-type", ctx: "#pseudo-only", expect: ["pseudo-only-em1"],                    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :empty                (Level 3)
  {name: ":empty pseudo-class selector, matching empty p elements",   selector: "p:empty", ctx: "#pseudo-empty", expect: ["pseudo-empty-p1", "pseudo-empty-p2"],                       level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":empty pseudo-class selector, matching all empty elements", selector: ":empty",  ctx: "#pseudo-empty", expect: ["pseudo-empty-p1", "pseudo-empty-p2", "pseudo-empty-span1"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :link and :visited
  // Implementations may treat all visited links as unvisited, so these cannot be tested separately.
  // The only guarantee is that ":link,:visited" matches the set of all visited and unvisited links and that they are individually mutually exclusive sets.
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, matching a and area elements with href attributes",        selector: " :link, #pseudo-link :visited", ctx: "#pseudo-link", expect: ["pseudo-link-a1", "pseudo-link-a2", "pseudo-link-area1"],                                level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, matching no elements",                                     selector: " :link, #head :visited",        ctx: "#head",        expect: [] /*no matches*/,                          exclude: ["element", "fragment", "detached"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, not matching link elements with href attributes",          selector: " :link, #head :visited",        ctx: "#head",        expect: [] /*no matches*/,                          exclude: ["document"],                        level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":link and :visited pseudo-class selectors, chained, mutually exclusive pseudo-classes match nothing", selector: ":link:visited",                 ctx: "#html",        expect: [] /*no matches*/,                          exclude: ["document"],                        level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},

// XXX Figure out context or refNodes for this
  // - :target               (Level 3)
  {name: ":target pseudo-class selector, matching the element referenced by the URL fragment identifier", selector: ":target", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, exclude: ["document", "element"],  level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":target pseudo-class selector, matching the element referenced by the URL fragment identifier", selector: ":target", ctx: "", expect: ["target"],        exclude: ["fragment", "detached"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

// XXX Fix ctx in tests below

  // - :lang()
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, matching inherited language (1)",                     selector: "#pseudo-lang-div1:lang(en)",    ctx: "", expect: ["pseudo-lang-div1"], exclude: ["detached", "fragment"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, not matching element with no inherited language", selector: "#pseudo-lang-div1:lang(en)",    ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,    exclude: ["document", "element"],  level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, matching specified language with exact value (1)",    selector: "#pseudo-lang-div2:lang(fr)",    ctx: "", expect: ["pseudo-lang-div2"],                                    level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, matching specified language with partial value (1)",  selector: "#pseudo-lang-div3:lang(en)",    ctx: "", expect: ["pseudo-lang-div3"],                                    level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":lang pseudo-class selector, not matching incorrect language",                 selector: "#pseudo-lang-div4:lang(es-AR)", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                       level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - :enabled              (Level 3)
  {name: ":enabled pseudo-class selector, matching all enabled form controls (1)",  selector: "#pseudo-ui :enabled",  ctx: "", expect: ["pseudo-ui-input1", "pseudo-ui-input2", "pseudo-ui-input3", "pseudo-ui-input4", "pseudo-ui-input5", "pseudo-ui-input6",
                                                                                                                           "pseudo-ui-input7", "pseudo-ui-input8", "pseudo-ui-input9", "pseudo-ui-textarea1", "pseudo-ui-button1"],    level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":enabled pseudo-class selector, not matching link elements (1)",  selector: "#pseudo-link :enabled",  ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, unexpected: ["pseudo-link-a1","pseudo-link-a2","pseudo-link-a3","pseudo-link-map1","pseudo-link-area1","pseudo-link-area2"],   level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :disabled             (Level 3)
  {name: ":disabled pseudo-class selector, matching all disabled form controls (1)", selector: "#pseudo-ui :disabled", ctx: "", expect: ["pseudo-ui-input10", "pseudo-ui-input11", "pseudo-ui-input12", "pseudo-ui-input13", "pseudo-ui-input14", "pseudo-ui-input15",
                                                                                                                           "pseudo-ui-input16", "pseudo-ui-input17", "pseudo-ui-input18", "pseudo-ui-textarea2", "pseudo-ui-button2"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":disabled pseudo-class selector, not matching link elements (1)", selector: "#pseudo-link :disabled", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, unexpected: ["pseudo-link-a1","pseudo-link-a2","pseudo-link-a3","pseudo-link-map1","pseudo-link-area1","pseudo-link-area2"], level: 3, testType: TEST_QSA | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :checked              (Level 3)
  {name: ":checked pseudo-class selector, matching checked radio buttons and checkboxes (1)", selector: "#pseudo-ui :checked", ctx: "", expect: ["pseudo-ui-input4", "pseudo-ui-input6", "pseudo-ui-input13", "pseudo-ui-input15"],  level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - :not(s)               (Level 3)
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching (1)", selector: "#not>:not(div)",   ctx: "", expect: ["not-p1", "not-p2", "not-p3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching (1)", selector: "#not * :not(:first-child)",   ctx: "", expect: ["not-em1", "not-em2", "not-em3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching nothing", selector: ":not(*)",   ctx: "", expect: [] /* no matches */, level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: ":not pseudo-class selector, matching nothing", selector: ":not(*|*)", ctx: "", expect: [] /* no matches */, level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // Pseudo-elements
  // - ::first-line
  {name: ":first-line pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",    selector: "#pseudo-element:first-line",    ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "::first-line pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",   selector: "#pseudo-element::first-line",   ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - ::first-letter
  {name: ":first-letter pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",  selector: "#pseudo-element:first-letter",  ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "::first-letter pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements", selector: "#pseudo-element::first-letter", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - ::before
  {name: ":before pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",        selector: "#pseudo-element:before",        ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "::before pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",       selector: "#pseudo-element::before",       ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - ::after
  {name: ":after pseudo-element (one-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",         selector: "#pseudo-element:after",         ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "::after pseudo-element (two-colon syntax) selector, not matching any elements",        selector: "#pseudo-element::after",        ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // Class Selectors
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with specified class (1)",                                           selector: ".class-p",                ctx: "", expect: ["class-p1","class-p2", "class-p3"],                                              level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, chained, matching only elements with all specified classes (1)",                      selector: "#class .apple.orange.banana",    ctx: "", expect: ["class-div1", "class-div2", "class-p4", "class-div3", "class-p6", "class-div4"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class Selector, chained, with type selector (1)",                                                     selector: "div.apple.banana.orange", ctx: "", expect: ["class-div1", "class-div2", "class-div3", "class-div4"],                         level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with class value using non-ASCII characters (2)",                    selector: ".\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci",             ctx: "", expect: ["class-span1"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching multiple elements with class value using non-ASCII characters (1)",          selector: ".\u53F0\u5317",                     ctx: "", expect: ["class-span1","class-span2"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, chained, matching element with multiple class values using non-ASCII characters (2)", selector: ".\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci.\u53F0\u5317",          ctx: "", expect: ["class-span1"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with class with escaped character (1)",                              selector: ".foo\\:bar",              ctx: "", expect: ["class-span3"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Class selector, matching element with class with escaped character (1)",                              selector: ".test\\.foo\\[5\\]bar",   ctx: "", expect: ["class-span4"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // ID Selectors
  {name: "ID selector, matching element with specified id (1)",           selector: "#id #id-div1",              ctx: "", expect: ["id-div1"],            level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, chained, matching element with specified id (1)",  selector: "#id-div1, #id-div1",        ctx: "", expect: ["id-div1"],            level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, chained, matching element with specified id (1)",  selector: "#id-div1, #id-div2",        ctx: "", expect: ["id-div1", "id-div2"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID Selector, chained, with type selector (1)",                  selector: "div#id-div1, div#id-div2",  ctx: "", expect: ["id-div1", "id-div2"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, not matching non-existent descendant",         selector: "#id #none",                 ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,      level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "ID selector, not matching non-existent ancestor",           selector: "#none #id-div1",            ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,      level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "ID selector, matching multiple elements with duplicate id (1)", selector: "#id-li-duplicate",          ctx: "", expect: ["id-li-duplicate", "id-li-duplicate", "id-li-duplicate", "id-li-duplicate"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  {name: "ID selector, matching id value using non-ASCII characters (3)",    selector: "#\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci",           ctx: "", expect: ["\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci"],       level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, matching id value using non-ASCII characters (4)",    selector: "#\u53F0\u5317",                   ctx: "", expect: ["\u53F0\u5317"],               level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "ID selector, matching id values using non-ASCII characters (2)",   selector: "#\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci, #\u53F0\u5317",      ctx: "", expect: ["\u53F0\u5317Ta\u0301ibe\u030Ci", "\u53F0\u5317"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // XXX runMatchesTest() in level2-lib.js can't handle this because obtaining the expected nodes requires escaping characters when generating the selector from 'expect' values
  {name: "ID selector, matching element with id with escaped character", selector: "#\\#foo\\:bar",         ctx: "", expect: ["#foo:bar"],         level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "ID selector, matching element with id with escaped character", selector: "#test\\.foo\\[5\\]bar", ctx: "", expect: ["test.foo[5]bar"],   level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // Namespaces
  // XXX runMatchesTest() in level2-lib.js can't handle these because non-HTML elements don't have a recognised id
  {name: "Namespace selector, matching element with any namespace",        selector: "#any-namespace *|div", ctx: "", expect: ["any-namespace-div1", "any-namespace-div2", "any-namespace-div3", "any-namespace-div4"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Namespace selector, matching div elements in no namespace only", selector: "#no-namespace |div",   ctx: "", expect: ["no-namespace-div3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Namespace selector, matching any elements in no namespace only", selector: "#no-namespace |*",     ctx: "", expect: ["no-namespace-div3"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // Combinators
  // - Descendant combinator ' '
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element that is a descendant of an element with id (1)",                 selector: "#descendant div",                   ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div1", "descendant-div2", "descendant-div3", "descendant-div4"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with id that is a descendant of an element (1)",                 selector: "body #descendant-div1",             ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div1"], exclude: ["detached", "fragment"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with id that is a descendant of an element (1)",                 selector: "div #descendant-div1",              ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div1"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with id that is a descendant of an element with id (1)",         selector: "#descendant #descendant-div2",      ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with id (1)",      selector: "#descendant .descendant-div2",      ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with class (1)",   selector: ".descendant-div1 .descendant-div3", ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div3"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, not matching element with id that is not a descendant of an element with id", selector: "#descendant-div1 #descendant-div4", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                      level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Descendant combinator, whitespace characters (1)",                                                       selector: "#descendant\t\r\n#descendant-div2", ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // // - Descendant combinator '>>'
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element that is a descendant of an element with id (1)",                 selector: "#descendant>>div",                   ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div1", "descendant-div2", "descendant-div3", "descendant-div4"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with id that is a descendant of an element (1)",                 selector: "body>>#descendant-div1",             ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div1"], exclude: ["detached", "fragment"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with id that is a descendant of an element (1)",                 selector: "div>>#descendant-div1",              ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div1"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with id that is a descendant of an element with id (1)",         selector: "#descendant>>#descendant-div2",      ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with id (1)",      selector: "#descendant>>.descendant-div2",      ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div2"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator, '>>', matching element with class that is a descendant of an element with class (1)",   selector: ".descendant-div1>>.descendant-div3", ctx: "", expect: ["descendant-div3"],                                    level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  // {name: "Descendant combinator '>>', not matching element with id that is not a descendant of an element with id", selector: "#descendant-div1>>#descendant-div4", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                                      level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND},

  // - Child combinator '>'
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element that is a child of an element with id (1)",                       selector: "#child>div",                          ctx: "", expect: ["child-div1", "child-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with id that is a child of an element (1)",                       selector: "div>#child-div1",                     ctx: "", expect: ["child-div1"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with id that is a child of an element with id (1)",               selector: "#child>#child-div1",                  ctx: "", expect: ["child-div1"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with id that is a child of an element with class (1)",            selector: "#child-div1>.child-div2",             ctx: "", expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, matching element with class that is a child of an element with class (1)",         selector: ".child-div1>.child-div2",             ctx: "", expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, not matching element with id that is not a child of an element with id",       selector: "#child>#child-div3",                  ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,            level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Child combinator, not matching element with id that is not a child of an element with class",    selector: "#child-div1>.child-div3",             ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,            level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Child combinator, not matching element with class that is not a child of an element with class", selector: ".child-div1>.child-div3",             ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,            level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Child combinator, surrounded by whitespace (1)",                                                     selector: "#child-div1\t\r\n>\t\r\n#child-div2", ctx: "", expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, whitespace after (1)",                                                             selector: "#child-div1>\t\r\n#child-div2",       ctx: "", expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, whitespace before (1)",                                                            selector: "#child-div1\t\r\n>#child-div2",       ctx: "", expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Child combinator, no whitespace (1)",                                                                selector: "#child-div1>#child-div2",             ctx: "", expect: ["child-div2"],               level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - Adjacent sibling combinator '+'
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element that is an adjacent sibling of an element with id (1)",                 selector: "#adjacent-div2+div",                                         ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with id that is an adjacent sibling of an element (1)",                 selector: "div+#adjacent-div4",                                         ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with id that is an adjacent sibling of an element with id (1)",         selector: "#adjacent-div2+#adjacent-div4",                              ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with class that is an adjacent sibling of an element with id (1)",      selector: "#adjacent-div2+.adjacent-div4",                              ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching element with class that is an adjacent sibling of an element with class (1)",   selector: ".adjacent-div2+.adjacent-div4",                              ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-div4"], level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, matching p element that is an adjacent sibling of a div element (1)",                    selector: "#adjacent div+p",                                            ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-p2"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, not matching element with id that is not an adjacent sibling of an element with id", selector: "#adjacent-div2+#adjacent-p2, #adjacent-div2+#adjacent-div1", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/, level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, surrounded by whitespace (1)",                                                           selector: "#adjacent-p2\t\r\n+\t\r\n#adjacent-p3",                      ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, whitespace after (1)",                                                                   selector: "#adjacent-p2+\t\r\n#adjacent-p3",                            ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, whitespace before (1)",                                                                  selector: "#adjacent-p2\t\r\n+#adjacent-p3",                            ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Adjacent sibling combinator, no whitespace (1)",                                                                      selector: "#adjacent-p2+#adjacent-p3",                                  ctx: "", expect: ["adjacent-p3"],   level: 2, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // - General sibling combinator ~ (Level 3)
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element that is a sibling of an element with id (1)",                    selector: "#sibling-div2~div",                                        ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-div4", "sibling-div6"], level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element with id that is a sibling of an element (1)",                    selector: "div~#sibling-div4",                                        ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-div4"],                 level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element with id that is a sibling of an element with id (1)",            selector: "#sibling-div2~#sibling-div4",                              ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-div4"],                 level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching element with class that is a sibling of an element with id (1)",         selector: "#sibling-div2~.sibling-div",                               ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-div4", "sibling-div6"],                 level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, matching p element that is a sibling of a div element (1)",                       selector: "#sibling div~p",                                           ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-p2", "sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, not matching element with id that is not a sibling after a p element (1)",        selector: "#sibling>p~div",                                           ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, not matching element with id that is not a sibling after an element with id", selector: "#sibling-div2~#sibling-div3, #sibling-div2~#sibling-div1", ctx: "", expect: [] /*no matches*/,                level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, surrounded by whitespace (1)",                                                    selector: "#sibling-p2\t\r\n~\t\r\n#sibling-p3",                      ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, whitespace after (1)",                                                            selector: "#sibling-p2~\t\r\n#sibling-p3",                            ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, whitespace before (1)",                                                           selector: "#sibling-p2\t\r\n~#sibling-p3",                            ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "General sibling combinator, no whitespace (1)",                                                               selector: "#sibling-p2~#sibling-p3",                                  ctx: "", expect: ["sibling-p3"],                   level: 3, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},

  // Group of selectors (comma)
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, surrounded by whitespace (1)", selector: "#group em\t\r \n,\t\r \n#group strong", ctx: "", expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, whitespace after (1)",         selector: "#group em,\t\r\n#group strong",         ctx: "", expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, whitespace before (1)",        selector: "#group em\t\r\n,#group strong",         ctx: "", expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
  {name: "Syntax, group of selectors separator, no whitespace (1)",            selector: "#group em,#group strong",               ctx: "", expect: ["group-em1", "group-strong1"], level: 1, testType: TEST_FIND | TEST_MATCH},
];