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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 14:47:53 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 14:47:53 +0000
commitc8bae7493d2f2910b57f13ded012e86bdcfb0532 (patch)
tree24e09d9f84dec336720cf393e156089ca2835791 /Documentation/git-branch.txt
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadgit-upstream.tar.xz
git-upstream.zip
Adding upstream version 1:2.39.2.upstream/1%2.39.2upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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+git-branch(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-branch - List, create, or delete branches
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--show-current]
+ [-v [--abbrev=<n> | --no-abbrev]]
+ [--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>]
+ [--merged [<commit>]] [--no-merged [<commit>]]
+ [--contains [<commit>]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
+ [--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>]
+ [(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)]
+ [--list] [<pattern>...]
+'git branch' [--track[=(direct|inherit)] | --no-track] [-f]
+ [--recurse-submodules] <branchname> [<start-point>]
+'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
+'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
+'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
+'git branch' (-c | -C) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
+'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
+'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
+branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted in green and
+marked with an asterisk. Any branches checked out in linked worktrees will
+be highlighted in cyan and marked with a plus sign. Option `-r` causes the
+remote-tracking branches to be listed,
+and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches.
+
+If a `<pattern>`
+is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
+matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
+it matches any of the patterns.
+
+Note that when providing a
+`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command may be interpreted
+as branch creation.
+
+With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
+(in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
+named commit), `--no-contains` inverts it. With `--merged`, only branches
+merged into the named commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are
+reachable from the named commit) will be listed. With `--no-merged` only
+branches not merged into the named commit will be listed. If the <commit>
+argument is missing it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the tip of the current
+branch).
+
+The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
+which points to the current `HEAD`, or <start-point> if given. As a
+special case, for <start-point>, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for
+the merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You
+can leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to
+`HEAD`.
+
+Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
+working tree to it; use "git switch <newbranch>" to switch to the
+new branch.
+
+When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
+branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge`
+configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
+the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
+`branch.autoSetupMerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
+overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
+changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.
+
+With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
+If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
+<newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
+renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
+to happen.
+
+The `-c` and `-C` options have the exact same semantics as `-m` and
+`-M`, except instead of the branch being renamed, it will be copied to a
+new name, along with its config and reflog.
+
+With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted. You may
+specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently
+has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.
+
+Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
+only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
+in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
+them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
+way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-d::
+--delete::
+ Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its
+ upstream branch, or in `HEAD` if no upstream was set with
+ `--track` or `--set-upstream-to`.
+
+-D::
+ Shortcut for `--delete --force`.
+
+--create-reflog::
+ Create the branch's reflog. This activates recording of
+ all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
+ based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
+ Note that in non-bare repositories, reflogs are usually
+ enabled by default by the `core.logAllRefUpdates` config option.
+ The negated form `--no-create-reflog` only overrides an earlier
+ `--create-reflog`, but currently does not negate the setting of
+ `core.logAllRefUpdates`.
+
+-f::
+--force::
+ Reset <branchname> to <startpoint>, even if <branchname> exists
+ already. Without `-f`, 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
+ In combination with `-d` (or `--delete`), allow deleting the
+ branch irrespective of its merged status, or whether it even
+ points to a valid commit. In combination with
+ `-m` (or `--move`), allow renaming the branch even if the new
+ branch name already exists, the same applies for `-c` (or `--copy`).
+
+-m::
+--move::
+ Move/rename a branch, together with its config and reflog.
+
+-M::
+ Shortcut for `--move --force`.
+
+-c::
+--copy::
+ Copy a branch, together with its config and reflog.
+
+-C::
+ Shortcut for `--copy --force`.
+
+--color[=<when>]::
+ Color branches to highlight current, local, and
+ remote-tracking branches.
+ The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.
+
+--no-color::
+ Turn off branch colors, even when the configuration file gives the
+ default to color output.
+ Same as `--color=never`.
+
+-i::
+--ignore-case::
+ Sorting and filtering branches are case insensitive.
+
+--column[=<options>]::
+--no-column::
+ Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
+ `column.branch` for option syntax. `--column` and `--no-column`
+ without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
++
+This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
+
+-r::
+--remotes::
+ List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
+ Combine with `--list` to match the optional pattern(s).
+
+-a::
+--all::
+ List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.
+ Combine with `--list` to match optional pattern(s).
+
+-l::
+--list::
+ List branches. With optional `<pattern>...`, e.g. `git
+ branch --list 'maint-*'`, list only the branches that match
+ the pattern(s).
+
+--show-current::
+ Print the name of the current branch. In detached HEAD state,
+ nothing is printed.
+
+-v::
+-vv::
+--verbose::
+ When in list mode,
+ show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
+ relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
+ the path of the linked worktree (if any) and the name of the upstream
+ branch, as well (see also `git remote show <remote>`). Note that the
+ current worktree's HEAD will not have its path printed (it will always
+ be your current directory).
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+ Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
+ non-error messages.
+
+--abbrev=<n>::
+ In the verbose listing that show the commit object name,
+ show the shortest prefix that is at least '<n>' hexdigits
+ long that uniquely refers the object.
+ The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the `core.abbrev`
+ config option.
+
+--no-abbrev::
+ Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them.
+
+-t::
+--track[=(direct|inherit)]::
+ When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and
+ `branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to set "upstream" tracking
+ configuration for the new branch. This
+ configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
+ two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
+ it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the
+ upstream when the new branch is checked out.
++
+The exact upstream branch is chosen depending on the optional argument:
+`-t`, `--track`, or `--track=direct` means to use the start-point branch
+itself as the upstream; `--track=inherit` means to copy the upstream
+configuration of the start-point branch.
++
+The branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable specifies how `git switch`,
+`git checkout` and `git branch` should behave when neither `--track` nor
+`--no-track` are specified:
++
+The default option, `true`, behaves as though `--track=direct`
+were given whenever the start-point is a remote-tracking branch.
+`false` behaves as if `--no-track` were given. `always` behaves as though
+`--track=direct` were given. `inherit` behaves as though `--track=inherit`
+were given. `simple` behaves as though `--track=direct` were given only when
+the start-point is a remote-tracking branch and the new branch has the same
+name as the remote branch.
++
+See linkgit:git-pull[1] and linkgit:git-config[1] for additional discussion on
+how the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` options are used.
+
+--no-track::
+ Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
+ branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is set.
+
+--recurse-submodules::
+ THIS OPTION IS EXPERIMENTAL! Causes the current command to
+ recurse into submodules if `submodule.propagateBranches` is
+ enabled. See `submodule.propagateBranches` in
+ linkgit:git-config[1]. Currently, only branch creation is
+ supported.
++
+When used in branch creation, a new branch <branchname> will be created
+in the superproject and all of the submodules in the superproject's
+<start-point>. In submodules, the branch will point to the submodule
+commit in the superproject's <start-point> but the branch's tracking
+information will be set up based on the submodule's branches and remotes
+e.g. `git branch --recurse-submodules topic origin/main` will create the
+submodule branch "topic" that points to the submodule commit in the
+superproject's "origin/main", but tracks the submodule's "origin/main".
+
+--set-upstream::
+ As this option had confusing syntax, it is no longer supported.
+ Please use `--track` or `--set-upstream-to` instead.
+
+-u <upstream>::
+--set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
+ Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
+ considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
+ is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.
+
+--unset-upstream::
+ Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
+ is specified it defaults to the current branch.
+
+--edit-description::
+ Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
+ for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `format-patch`,
+ `request-pull`, and `merge` (if enabled)). Multi-line explanations
+ may be used.
+
+--contains [<commit>]::
+ Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
+ if not specified). Implies `--list`.
+
+--no-contains [<commit>]::
+ Only list branches which don't contain the specified commit
+ (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
+
+--merged [<commit>]::
+ Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
+ specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
+
+--no-merged [<commit>]::
+ Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
+ specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
+
+<branchname>::
+ The name of the branch to create or delete.
+ The new branch name must pass all checks defined by
+ linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
+ may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
+
+<start-point>::
+ The new branch head will point to this commit. It may be
+ given as a branch name, a commit-id, or a tag. If this
+ option is omitted, the current HEAD will be used instead.
+
+<oldbranch>::
+ The name of an existing branch to rename.
+
+<newbranch>::
+ The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
+ <branchname> apply.
+
+--sort=<key>::
+ Sort based on the key given. Prefix `-` to sort in descending
+ order of the value. You may use the --sort=<key> option
+ multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
+ key. The keys supported are the same as those in `git
+ for-each-ref`. Sort order defaults to the value configured for the
+ `branch.sort` variable if exists, or to sorting based on the
+ full refname (including `refs/...` prefix). This lists
+ detached HEAD (if present) first, then local branches and
+ finally remote-tracking branches. See linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+
+--points-at <object>::
+ Only list branches of the given object.
+
+--format <format>::
+ A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from a branch ref being shown
+ and the object it points at. The format is the same as
+ that of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1].
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+`pager.branch` is only respected when listing branches, i.e., when
+`--list` is used or implied. The default is to use a pager.
+See linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+include::includes/cmd-config-section-rest.txt[]
+
+include::config/branch.txt[]
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Start development from a known tag::
++
+------------
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
+$ cd my2.6
+$ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
+$ git switch my2.6.14
+------------
++
+<1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
+ "checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14".
+
+Delete an unneeded branch::
++
+------------
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git
+$ cd my.git
+$ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man <1>
+$ git branch -D test <2>
+------------
++
+<1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next
+ 'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to.
+ See linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+<2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
+ is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.
+
+Listing branches from a specific remote::
++
+------------
+$ git branch -r -l '<remote>/<pattern>' <1>
+$ git for-each-ref 'refs/remotes/<remote>/<pattern>' <2>
+------------
++
+<1> Using `-a` would conflate <remote> with any local branches you happen to
+ have been prefixed with the same <remote> pattern.
+<2> `for-each-ref` can take a wide range of options. See linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]
+
+Patterns will normally need quoting.
+
+NOTES
+-----
+
+If you are creating a branch that you want to switch to immediately,
+it is easier to use the "git switch" command with its `-c` option to
+do the same thing with a single command.
+
+The options `--contains`, `--no-contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged`
+serve four related but different purposes:
+
+- `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need
+ special attention if <commit> were to be rebased or amended, since those
+ branches contain the specified <commit>.
+
+- `--no-contains <commit>` is the inverse of that, i.e. branches that don't
+ contain the specified <commit>.
+
+- `--merged` is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
+ since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.
+
+- `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
+ into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.
+
+include::ref-reachability-filters.txt[]
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
+linkgit:git-fetch[1],
+linkgit:git-remote[1],
+link:user-manual.html#what-is-a-branch[``Understanding history: What is
+a branch?''] in the Git User's Manual.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite