Adding upstream version 1:2.39.2.upstream/1%2.39.2upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2359 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7378caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2359 @@
+/*
+ * "git fetch"
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "repository.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "refspec.h"
+#include "object-store.h"
+#include "oidset.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "connected.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "packfile.h"
+#include "list-objects-filter-options.h"
+#include "commit-reach.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "promisor-remote.h"
+#include "commit-graph.h"
+#include "shallow.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
+
+#define FORCED_UPDATES_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS (10 * 1000)
+
+static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] <group>"),
+	N_("git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"),
+	N_("git fetch --all [<options>]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+enum {
+	TAGS_UNSET = 0,
+	TAGS_DEFAULT = 1,
+	TAGS_SET = 2
+};
+
+static int fetch_prune_config = -1; /* unspecified */
+static int fetch_show_forced_updates = 1;
+static uint64_t forced_updates_ms = 0;
+static int prefetch = 0;
+static int prune = -1; /* unspecified */
+#define PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune by default? */
+
+static int fetch_prune_tags_config = -1; /* unspecified */
+static int prune_tags = -1; /* unspecified */
+#define PRUNE_TAGS_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune tags by default? */
+
+static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok;
+static int write_fetch_head = 1;
+static int verbosity, deepen_relative, set_upstream, refetch;
+static int progress = -1;
+static int enable_auto_gc = 1;
+static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, unshallow, update_shallow, deepen;
+static int max_jobs = -1, submodule_fetch_jobs_config = -1;
+static int fetch_parallel_config = 1;
+static int atomic_fetch;
+static enum transport_family family;
+static const char *depth;
+static const char *deepen_since;
+static const char *upload_pack;
+static struct string_list deepen_not = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct transport *gtransport;
+static struct transport *gsecondary;
+static const char *submodule_prefix = "";
+static int recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
+static int recurse_submodules_cli = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
+static int recurse_submodules_default = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
+static int shown_url = 0;
+static struct refspec refmap = REFSPEC_INIT_FETCH;
+static struct list_objects_filter_options filter_options = LIST_OBJECTS_FILTER_INIT;
+static struct string_list server_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static struct string_list negotiation_tip = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static int fetch_write_commit_graph = -1;
+static int stdin_refspecs = 0;
+static int negotiate_only;
+
+static int git_fetch_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prune")) {
+		fetch_prune_config = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prunetags")) {
+		fetch_prune_tags_config = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.showforcedupdates")) {
+		fetch_show_forced_updates = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "submodule.recurse")) {
+		int r = git_config_bool(k, v) ?
+			RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON : RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+		recurse_submodules = r;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "submodule.fetchjobs")) {
+		submodule_fetch_jobs_config = parse_submodule_fetchjobs(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.recursesubmodules")) {
+		recurse_submodules = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.parallel")) {
+		fetch_parallel_config = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (fetch_parallel_config < 0)
+			die(_("fetch.parallel cannot be negative"));
+		if (!fetch_parallel_config)
+			fetch_parallel_config = online_cpus();
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+}
+
+static int parse_refmap_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
+	/*
+	 * "git fetch --refmap='' origin foo"
+	 * can be used to tell the command not to store anywhere
+	 */
+	refspec_append(&refmap, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
+	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all,
+		 N_("fetch from all remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "set-upstream", &set_upstream,
+		 N_("set upstream for git pull/fetch")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "append", &append,
+		 N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "atomic", &atomic_fetch,
+		 N_("use atomic transaction to update references")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		   N_("path to upload pack on remote end")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of local reference"), 0),
+	OPT_BOOL('m', "multiple", &multiple,
+		 N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
+	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
+		    N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"), TAGS_SET),
+	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
+		    N_("do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
+	OPT_INTEGER('j', "jobs", &max_jobs,
+		    N_("number of submodules fetched in parallel")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "prefetch", &prefetch,
+		 N_("modify the refspec to place all refs within refs/prefetch/")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+		 N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
+	OPT_BOOL('P', "prune-tags", &prune_tags,
+		 N_("prune local tags no longer on remote and clobber changed tags")),
+	OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "recurse-submodules", &recurse_submodules_cli, N_("on-demand"),
+		    N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
+		    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_fetch_parse_recurse_submodules),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
+		 N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "write-fetch-head", &write_fetch_head,
+		 N_("write fetched references to the FETCH_HEAD file")),
+	OPT_BOOL('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
+		    N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("depth"),
+		   N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "shallow-since", &deepen_since, N_("time"),
+		   N_("deepen history of shallow repository based on time")),
+	OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "shallow-exclude", &deepen_not, N_("revision"),
+			N_("deepen history of shallow clone, excluding rev")),
+	OPT_INTEGER(0, "deepen", &deepen_relative,
+		    N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
+	OPT_SET_INT_F(0, "unshallow", &unshallow,
+		      N_("convert to a complete repository"),
+		      1, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
+	OPT_SET_INT_F(0, "refetch", &refetch,
+		      N_("re-fetch without negotiating common commits"),
+		      1, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, N_("dir"),
+		   N_("prepend this to submodule path output"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+	OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "recurse-submodules-default",
+		   &recurse_submodules_default, N_("on-demand"),
+		   N_("default for recursive fetching of submodules "
+		      "(lower priority than config files)"),
+		   PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, option_fetch_parse_recurse_submodules),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "update-shallow", &update_shallow,
+		 N_("accept refs that update .git/shallow")),
+	OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "refmap", NULL, N_("refmap"),
+		       N_("specify fetch refmap"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, parse_refmap_arg),
+	OPT_STRING_LIST('o', "server-option", &server_options, N_("server-specific"), N_("option to transmit")),
+	OPT_SET_INT('4', "ipv4", &family, N_("use IPv4 addresses only"),
+			TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4),
+	OPT_SET_INT('6', "ipv6", &family, N_("use IPv6 addresses only"),
+			TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6),
+	OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "negotiation-tip", &negotiation_tip, N_("revision"),
+			N_("report that we have only objects reachable from this object")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "negotiate-only", &negotiate_only,
+		 N_("do not fetch a packfile; instead, print ancestors of negotiation tips")),
+	OPT_PARSE_LIST_OBJECTS_FILTER(&filter_options),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "auto-maintenance", &enable_auto_gc,
+		 N_("run 'maintenance --auto' after fetching")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "auto-gc", &enable_auto_gc,
+		 N_("run 'maintenance --auto' after fetching")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "show-forced-updates", &fetch_show_forced_updates,
+		 N_("check for forced-updates on all updated branches")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "write-commit-graph", &fetch_write_commit_graph,
+		 N_("write the commit-graph after fetching")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &stdin_refspecs,
+		 N_("accept refspecs from stdin")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void unlock_pack(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	if (gtransport)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gtransport, flags);
+	if (gsecondary)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gsecondary, flags);
+}
+
+static void unlock_pack_atexit(void)
+{
+	unlock_pack(0);
+}
+
+static void unlock_pack_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	unlock_pack(TRANSPORT_UNLOCK_PACK_IN_SIGNAL_HANDLER);
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
+			   const struct ref *remote_refs,
+		           struct branch *branch,
+		           struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
+		struct ref *rm, **old_tail = *tail;
+		struct refspec_item refspec;
+
+		for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+			if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (rm)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Not fetched to a remote-tracking branch?  We need to fetch
+		 * it anyway to allow this branch's "branch.$name.merge"
+		 * to be honored by 'git pull', but we do not have to
+		 * fail if branch.$name.merge is misconfigured to point
+		 * at a nonexisting branch.  If we were indeed called by
+		 * 'git pull', it will notice the misconfiguration because
+		 * there is no entry in the resulting FETCH_HEAD marked
+		 * for merging.
+		 */
+		memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
+		refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
+		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
+		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	}
+}
+
+static void create_fetch_oidset(struct ref **head, struct oidset *out)
+{
+	struct ref *rm = *head;
+	while (rm) {
+		oidset_insert(out, &rm->old_oid);
+		rm = rm->next;
+	}
+}
+
+struct refname_hash_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	struct object_id oid;
+	int ignore;
+	char refname[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static int refname_hash_entry_cmp(const void *hashmap_cmp_fn_data UNUSED,
+				  const struct hashmap_entry *eptr,
+				  const struct hashmap_entry *entry_or_key,
+				  const void *keydata)
+{
+	const struct refname_hash_entry *e1, *e2;
+
+	e1 = container_of(eptr, const struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
+	e2 = container_of(entry_or_key, const struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
+	return strcmp(e1->refname, keydata ? keydata : e2->refname);
+}
+
+static struct refname_hash_entry *refname_hash_add(struct hashmap *map,
+						   const char *refname,
+						   const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	struct refname_hash_entry *ent;
+	size_t len = strlen(refname);
+
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ent, refname, refname, len);
+	hashmap_entry_init(&ent->ent, strhash(refname));
+	oidcpy(&ent->oid, oid);
+	hashmap_add(map, &ent->ent);
+	return ent;
+}
+
+static int add_one_refname(const char *refname,
+			   const struct object_id *oid,
+			   int flag UNUSED, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct hashmap *refname_map = cbdata;
+
+	(void) refname_hash_add(refname_map, refname, oid);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void refname_hash_init(struct hashmap *map)
+{
+	hashmap_init(map, refname_hash_entry_cmp, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static int refname_hash_exists(struct hashmap *map, const char *refname)
+{
+	return !!hashmap_get_from_hash(map, strhash(refname), refname);
+}
+
+static void clear_item(struct refname_hash_entry *item)
+{
+	item->ignore = 1;
+}
+
+
+static void add_already_queued_tags(const char *refname,
+				    const struct object_id *old_oid,
+				    const struct object_id *new_oid,
+				    void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct hashmap *queued_tags = cb_data;
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/") && new_oid)
+		(void) refname_hash_add(queued_tags, refname, new_oid);
+}
+
+static void find_non_local_tags(const struct ref *refs,
+				struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				struct ref **head,
+				struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	struct hashmap existing_refs;
+	struct hashmap remote_refs;
+	struct oidset fetch_oids = OIDSET_INIT;
+	struct string_list remote_refs_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *remote_ref_item;
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	struct refname_hash_entry *item = NULL;
+	const int quick_flags = OBJECT_INFO_QUICK | OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT;
+
+	refname_hash_init(&existing_refs);
+	refname_hash_init(&remote_refs);
+	create_fetch_oidset(head, &fetch_oids);
+
+	for_each_ref(add_one_refname, &existing_refs);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we already have a transaction, then we need to filter out all
+	 * tags which have already been queued up.
+	 */
+	if (transaction)
+		ref_transaction_for_each_queued_update(transaction,
+						       add_already_queued_tags,
+						       &existing_refs);
+
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The peeled ref always follows the matching base
+		 * ref, so if we see a peeled ref that we don't want
+		 * to fetch then we can mark the ref entry in the list
+		 * as one to ignore by setting util to NULL.
+		 */
+		if (ends_with(ref->name, "^{}")) {
+			if (item &&
+			    !has_object_file_with_flags(&ref->old_oid, quick_flags) &&
+			    !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &ref->old_oid) &&
+			    !has_object_file_with_flags(&item->oid, quick_flags) &&
+			    !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &item->oid))
+				clear_item(item);
+			item = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If item is non-NULL here, then we previously saw a
+		 * ref not followed by a peeled reference, so we need
+		 * to check if it is a lightweight tag that we want to
+		 * fetch.
+		 */
+		if (item &&
+		    !has_object_file_with_flags(&item->oid, quick_flags) &&
+		    !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &item->oid))
+			clear_item(item);
+
+		item = NULL;
+
+		/* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
+		if (refname_hash_exists(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
+		    refname_hash_exists(&existing_refs, ref->name))
+			continue;
+
+		item = refname_hash_add(&remote_refs, ref->name, &ref->old_oid);
+		string_list_insert(&remote_refs_list, ref->name);
+	}
+	hashmap_clear_and_free(&existing_refs, struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
+
+	/*
+	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
+	 * checked to see if it needs fetching.
+	 */
+	if (item &&
+	    !has_object_file_with_flags(&item->oid, quick_flags) &&
+	    !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &item->oid))
+		clear_item(item);
+
+	/*
+	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs_list,
+	 * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
+	 */
+	for_each_string_list_item(remote_ref_item, &remote_refs_list) {
+		const char *refname = remote_ref_item->string;
+		struct ref *rm;
+		unsigned int hash = strhash(refname);
+
+		item = hashmap_get_entry_from_hash(&remote_refs, hash, refname,
+					struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
+		if (!item)
+			BUG("unseen remote ref?");
+
+		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
+		if (item->ignore)
+			continue;
+
+		rm = alloc_ref(item->refname);
+		rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->refname);
+		oidcpy(&rm->old_oid, &item->oid);
+		**tail = rm;
+		*tail = &rm->next;
+	}
+	hashmap_clear_and_free(&remote_refs, struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
+	string_list_clear(&remote_refs_list, 0);
+	oidset_clear(&fetch_oids);
+}
+
+static void filter_prefetch_refspec(struct refspec *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!prefetch)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		struct strbuf new_dst = STRBUF_INIT;
+		char *old_dst;
+		const char *sub = NULL;
+
+		if (rs->items[i].negative)
+			continue;
+		if (!rs->items[i].dst ||
+		    (rs->items[i].src &&
+		     !strncmp(rs->items[i].src,
+			      ref_namespace[NAMESPACE_TAGS].ref,
+			      strlen(ref_namespace[NAMESPACE_TAGS].ref)))) {
+			int j;
+
+			free(rs->items[i].src);
+			free(rs->items[i].dst);
+
+			for (j = i + 1; j < rs->nr; j++) {
+				rs->items[j - 1] = rs->items[j];
+				rs->raw[j - 1] = rs->raw[j];
+			}
+			rs->nr--;
+			i--;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		old_dst = rs->items[i].dst;
+		strbuf_addstr(&new_dst, ref_namespace[NAMESPACE_PREFETCH].ref);
+
+		/*
+		 * If old_dst starts with "refs/", then place
+		 * sub after that prefix. Otherwise, start at
+		 * the beginning of the string.
+		 */
+		if (!skip_prefix(old_dst, "refs/", &sub))
+			sub = old_dst;
+		strbuf_addstr(&new_dst, sub);
+
+		rs->items[i].dst = strbuf_detach(&new_dst, NULL);
+		rs->items[i].force = 1;
+
+		free(old_dst);
+	}
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct remote *remote,
+			       const struct ref *remote_refs,
+			       struct refspec *rs,
+			       int tags, int *autotags)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct ref *rm;
+	struct ref *ref_map = NULL;
+	struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
+
+	/* opportunistically-updated references: */
+	struct ref *orefs = NULL, **oref_tail = &orefs;
+
+	struct hashmap existing_refs;
+	int existing_refs_populated = 0;
+
+	filter_prefetch_refspec(rs);
+	if (remote)
+		filter_prefetch_refspec(&remote->fetch);
+
+	if (rs->nr) {
+		struct refspec *fetch_refspec;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &rs->items[i], &tail, 0);
+			if (rs->items[i].dst && rs->items[i].dst[0])
+				*autotags = 1;
+		}
+		/* Merge everything on the command line (but not --tags) */
+		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+
+		/*
+		 * For any refs that we happen to be fetching via
+		 * command-line arguments, the destination ref might
+		 * have been missing or have been different than the
+		 * remote-tracking ref that would be derived from the
+		 * configured refspec.  In these cases, we want to
+		 * take the opportunity to update their configured
+		 * remote-tracking reference.  However, we do not want
+		 * to mention these entries in FETCH_HEAD at all, as
+		 * they would simply be duplicates of existing
+		 * entries, so we set them FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE below.
+		 *
+		 * We compute these entries now, based only on the
+		 * refspecs specified on the command line.  But we add
+		 * them to the list following the refspecs resulting
+		 * from the tags option so that one of the latter,
+		 * which has FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE, is not removed
+		 * by ref_remove_duplicates() in favor of one of these
+		 * opportunistic entries with FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE.
+		 */
+		if (refmap.nr)
+			fetch_refspec = &refmap;
+		else
+			fetch_refspec = &remote->fetch;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < fetch_refspec->nr; i++)
+			get_fetch_map(ref_map, &fetch_refspec->items[i], &oref_tail, 1);
+	} else if (refmap.nr) {
+		die("--refmap option is only meaningful with command-line refspec(s)");
+	} else {
+		/* Use the defaults */
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+		int has_merge = branch_has_merge_config(branch);
+		if (remote &&
+		    (remote->fetch.nr ||
+		     /* Note: has_merge implies non-NULL branch->remote_name */
+		     (has_merge && !strcmp(branch->remote_name, remote->name)))) {
+			for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch.nr; i++) {
+				get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &remote->fetch.items[i], &tail, 0);
+				if (remote->fetch.items[i].dst &&
+				    remote->fetch.items[i].dst[0])
+					*autotags = 1;
+				if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
+				    !remote->fetch.items[0].pattern)
+					ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
+			 * as given in branch.<name>.remote, we add the
+			 * ref given in branch.<name>.merge, too.
+			 *
+			 * Note: has_merge implies non-NULL branch->remote_name
+			 */
+			if (has_merge &&
+			    !strcmp(branch->remote_name, remote->name))
+				add_merge_config(&ref_map, remote_refs, branch, &tail);
+		} else if (!prefetch) {
+			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
+			if (!ref_map)
+				die(_("couldn't find remote ref HEAD"));
+			ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+			tail = &ref_map->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+		/* also fetch all tags */
+		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+	else if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && *autotags)
+		find_non_local_tags(remote_refs, NULL, &ref_map, &tail);
+
+	/* Now append any refs to be updated opportunistically: */
+	*tail = orefs;
+	for (rm = orefs; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+		tail = &rm->next;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * apply negative refspecs first, before we remove duplicates. This is
+	 * necessary as negative refspecs might remove an otherwise conflicting
+	 * duplicate.
+	 */
+	if (rs->nr)
+		ref_map = apply_negative_refspecs(ref_map, rs);
+	else
+		ref_map = apply_negative_refspecs(ref_map, &remote->fetch);
+
+	ref_map = ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);
+
+	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		if (rm->peer_ref) {
+			const char *refname = rm->peer_ref->name;
+			struct refname_hash_entry *peer_item;
+			unsigned int hash = strhash(refname);
+
+			if (!existing_refs_populated) {
+				refname_hash_init(&existing_refs);
+				for_each_ref(add_one_refname, &existing_refs);
+				existing_refs_populated = 1;
+			}
+
+			peer_item = hashmap_get_entry_from_hash(&existing_refs,
+						hash, refname,
+						struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
+			if (peer_item) {
+				struct object_id *old_oid = &peer_item->oid;
+				oidcpy(&rm->peer_ref->old_oid, old_oid);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (existing_refs_populated)
+		hashmap_clear_and_free(&existing_refs, struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
+
+	return ref_map;
+}
+
+#define STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER 1
+#define STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT 2
+
+static int s_update_ref(const char *action,
+			struct ref *ref,
+			struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			int check_old)
+{
+	char *msg;
+	char *rla = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	struct ref_transaction *our_transaction = NULL;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (dry_run)
+		return 0;
+	if (!rla)
+		rla = default_rla.buf;
+	msg = xstrfmt("%s: %s", rla, action);
+
+	/*
+	 * If no transaction was passed to us, we manage the transaction
+	 * ourselves. Otherwise, we trust the caller to handle the transaction
+	 * lifecycle.
+	 */
+	if (!transaction) {
+		transaction = our_transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction) {
+			ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref->name, &ref->new_oid,
+				     check_old ? &ref->old_oid : NULL,
+				     0, msg, &err);
+	if (ret) {
+		ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (our_transaction) {
+		switch (ref_transaction_commit(our_transaction, &err)) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
+		case TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT:
+			ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT;
+			goto out;
+		default:
+			ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	ref_transaction_free(our_transaction);
+	if (ret)
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	free(msg);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int refcol_width = 10;
+static int compact_format;
+
+static void adjust_refcol_width(const struct ref *ref)
+{
+	int max, rlen, llen, len;
+
+	/* uptodate lines are only shown on high verbosity level */
+	if (verbosity <= 0 && oideq(&ref->peer_ref->old_oid, &ref->old_oid))
+		return;
+
+	max    = term_columns();
+	rlen   = utf8_strwidth(prettify_refname(ref->name));
+
+	llen   = utf8_strwidth(prettify_refname(ref->peer_ref->name));
+
+	/*
+	 * rough estimation to see if the output line is too long and
+	 * should not be counted (we can't do precise calculation
+	 * anyway because we don't know if the error explanation part
+	 * will be printed in update_local_ref)
+	 */
+	if (compact_format) {
+		llen = 0;
+		max = max * 2 / 3;
+	}
+	len = 21 /* flag and summary */ + rlen + 4 /* -> */ + llen;
+	if (len >= max)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Not precise calculation for compact mode because '*' can
+	 * appear on the left hand side of '->' and shrink the column
+	 * back.
+	 */
+	if (refcol_width < rlen)
+		refcol_width = rlen;
+}
+
+static void prepare_format_display(struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	struct ref *rm;
+	const char *format = "full";
+
+	if (verbosity < 0)
+		return;
+
+	git_config_get_string_tmp("fetch.output", &format);
+	if (!strcasecmp(format, "full"))
+		compact_format = 0;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(format, "compact"))
+		compact_format = 1;
+	else
+		die(_("invalid value for '%s': '%s'"),
+		    "fetch.output", format);
+
+	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		if (rm->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW ||
+		    !rm->peer_ref ||
+		    !strcmp(rm->name, "HEAD"))
+			continue;
+
+		adjust_refcol_width(rm);
+	}
+}
+
+static void print_remote_to_local(struct strbuf *display,
+				  const char *remote, const char *local)
+{
+	strbuf_addf(display, "%-*s -> %s", refcol_width, remote, local);
+}
+
+static int find_and_replace(struct strbuf *haystack,
+			    const char *needle,
+			    const char *placeholder)
+{
+	const char *p = NULL;
+	int plen, nlen;
+
+	nlen = strlen(needle);
+	if (ends_with(haystack->buf, needle))
+		p = haystack->buf + haystack->len - nlen;
+	else
+		p = strstr(haystack->buf, needle);
+	if (!p)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (p > haystack->buf && p[-1] != '/')
+		return 0;
+
+	plen = strlen(p);
+	if (plen > nlen && p[nlen] != '/')
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_splice(haystack, p - haystack->buf, nlen,
+		      placeholder, strlen(placeholder));
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void print_compact(struct strbuf *display,
+			  const char *remote, const char *local)
+{
+	struct strbuf r = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf l = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!strcmp(remote, local)) {
+		strbuf_addf(display, "%-*s -> *", refcol_width, remote);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&r, remote);
+	strbuf_addstr(&l, local);
+
+	if (!find_and_replace(&r, local, "*"))
+		find_and_replace(&l, remote, "*");
+	print_remote_to_local(display, r.buf, l.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&r);
+	strbuf_release(&l);
+}
+
+static void format_display(struct strbuf *display, char code,
+			   const char *summary, const char *error,
+			   const char *remote, const char *local,
+			   int summary_width)
+{
+	int width;
+
+	if (verbosity < 0)
+		return;
+
+	width = (summary_width + strlen(summary) - gettext_width(summary));
+
+	strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s ", code, width, summary);
+	if (!compact_format)
+		print_remote_to_local(display, remote, local);
+	else
+		print_compact(display, remote, local);
+	if (error)
+		strbuf_addf(display, "  (%s)", error);
+}
+
+static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
+			    struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			    const char *remote, const struct ref *remote_ref,
+			    struct strbuf *display, int summary_width)
+{
+	struct commit *current = NULL, *updated;
+	const char *pretty_ref = prettify_refname(ref->name);
+	int fast_forward = 0;
+
+	if (!repo_has_object_file(the_repository, &ref->new_oid))
+		die(_("object %s not found"), oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));
+
+	if (oideq(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid)) {
+		if (verbosity > 0)
+			format_display(display, '=', _("[up to date]"), NULL,
+				       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!update_head_ok &&
+	    !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
+	    branch_checked_out(ref->name)) {
+		/*
+		 * If this is the head, and it's not okay to update
+		 * the head, and the old value of the head isn't empty...
+		 */
+		format_display(display, '!', _("[rejected]"),
+			       _("can't fetch into checked-out branch"),
+			       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
+	    starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+		if (force || ref->force) {
+			int r;
+			r = s_update_ref("updating tag", ref, transaction, 0);
+			format_display(display, r ? '!' : 't', _("[tag update]"),
+				       r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
+				       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+			return r;
+		} else {
+			format_display(display, '!', _("[rejected]"), _("would clobber existing tag"),
+				       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	current = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
+						 &ref->old_oid, 1);
+	updated = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
+						 &ref->new_oid, 1);
+	if (!current || !updated) {
+		const char *msg;
+		const char *what;
+		int r;
+		/*
+		 * Nicely describe the new ref we're fetching.
+		 * Base this on the remote's ref name, as it's
+		 * more likely to follow a standard layout.
+		 */
+		const char *name = remote_ref ? remote_ref->name : "";
+		if (starts_with(name, "refs/tags/")) {
+			msg = "storing tag";
+			what = _("[new tag]");
+		} else if (starts_with(name, "refs/heads/")) {
+			msg = "storing head";
+			what = _("[new branch]");
+		} else {
+			msg = "storing ref";
+			what = _("[new ref]");
+		}
+
+		r = s_update_ref(msg, ref, transaction, 0);
+		format_display(display, r ? '!' : '*', what,
+			       r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
+			       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	if (fetch_show_forced_updates) {
+		uint64_t t_before = getnanotime();
+		fast_forward = in_merge_bases(current, updated);
+		forced_updates_ms += (getnanotime() - t_before) / 1000000;
+	} else {
+		fast_forward = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (fast_forward) {
+		struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int r;
+
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &current->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "..");
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &ref->new_oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		r = s_update_ref("fast-forward", ref, transaction, 1);
+		format_display(display, r ? '!' : ' ', quickref.buf,
+			       r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
+			       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+		strbuf_release(&quickref);
+		return r;
+	} else if (force || ref->force) {
+		struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int r;
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &current->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "...");
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &ref->new_oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		r = s_update_ref("forced-update", ref, transaction, 1);
+		format_display(display, r ? '!' : '+', quickref.buf,
+			       r ? _("unable to update local ref") : _("forced update"),
+			       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+		strbuf_release(&quickref);
+		return r;
+	} else {
+		format_display(display, '!', _("[rejected]"), _("non-fast-forward"),
+			       remote, pretty_ref, summary_width);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct object_id *iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
+	struct ref *ref = *rm;
+
+	while (ref && ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW)
+		ref = ref->next;
+	if (!ref)
+		return NULL;
+	*rm = ref->next;
+	return &ref->old_oid;
+}
+
+struct fetch_head {
+	FILE *fp;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+};
+
+static int open_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
+{
+	const char *filename = git_path_fetch_head(the_repository);
+
+	if (write_fetch_head) {
+		fetch_head->fp = fopen(filename, "a");
+		if (!fetch_head->fp)
+			return error_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), filename);
+		strbuf_init(&fetch_head->buf, 0);
+	} else {
+		fetch_head->fp = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void append_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
+			      const struct object_id *old_oid,
+			      enum fetch_head_status fetch_head_status,
+			      const char *note,
+			      const char *url, size_t url_len)
+{
+	char old_oid_hex[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
+	const char *merge_status_marker;
+	size_t i;
+
+	if (!fetch_head->fp)
+		return;
+
+	switch (fetch_head_status) {
+	case FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE:
+		merge_status_marker = "not-for-merge";
+		break;
+	case FETCH_HEAD_MERGE:
+		merge_status_marker = "";
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* do not write anything to FETCH_HEAD */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&fetch_head->buf, "%s\t%s\t%s",
+		    oid_to_hex_r(old_oid_hex, old_oid), merge_status_marker, note);
+	for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
+		if ('\n' == url[i])
+			strbuf_addstr(&fetch_head->buf, "\\n");
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(&fetch_head->buf, url[i]);
+	strbuf_addch(&fetch_head->buf, '\n');
+
+	/*
+	 * When using an atomic fetch, we do not want to update FETCH_HEAD if
+	 * any of the reference updates fails. We thus have to write all
+	 * updates to a buffer first and only commit it as soon as all
+	 * references have been successfully updated.
+	 */
+	if (!atomic_fetch) {
+		strbuf_write(&fetch_head->buf, fetch_head->fp);
+		strbuf_reset(&fetch_head->buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void commit_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
+{
+	if (!fetch_head->fp || !atomic_fetch)
+		return;
+	strbuf_write(&fetch_head->buf, fetch_head->fp);
+}
+
+static void close_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
+{
+	if (!fetch_head->fp)
+		return;
+
+	fclose(fetch_head->fp);
+	strbuf_release(&fetch_head->buf);
+}
+
+static const char warn_show_forced_updates[] =
+N_("fetch normally indicates which branches had a forced update,\n"
+   "but that check has been disabled; to re-enable, use '--show-forced-updates'\n"
+   "flag or run 'git config fetch.showForcedUpdates true'");
+static const char warn_time_show_forced_updates[] =
+N_("it took %.2f seconds to check forced updates; you can use\n"
+   "'--no-show-forced-updates' or run 'git config fetch.showForcedUpdates false'\n"
+   "to avoid this check\n");
+
+static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
+			      int connectivity_checked,
+			      struct ref_transaction *transaction, struct ref *ref_map,
+			      struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
+{
+	int url_len, i, rc = 0;
+	struct strbuf note = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *what, *kind;
+	struct ref *rm;
+	char *url;
+	int want_status;
+	int summary_width = 0;
+
+	if (verbosity >= 0)
+		summary_width = transport_summary_width(ref_map);
+
+	if (raw_url)
+		url = transport_anonymize_url(raw_url);
+	else
+		url = xstrdup("foreign");
+
+	if (!connectivity_checked) {
+		struct check_connected_options opt = CHECK_CONNECTED_INIT;
+
+		rm = ref_map;
+		if (check_connected(iterate_ref_map, &rm, &opt)) {
+			rc = error(_("%s did not send all necessary objects\n"), url);
+			goto abort;
+		}
+	}
+
+	prepare_format_display(ref_map);
+
+	/*
+	 * We do a pass for each fetch_head_status type in their enum order, so
+	 * merged entries are written before not-for-merge. That lets readers
+	 * use FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
+	 */
+	for (want_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	     want_status <= FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+	     want_status++) {
+		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+			struct ref *ref = NULL;
+
+			if (rm->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW) {
+				if (want_status == FETCH_HEAD_MERGE)
+					warning(_("rejected %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"),
+						rm->peer_ref ? rm->peer_ref->name : rm->name);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * When writing FETCH_HEAD we need to determine whether
+			 * we already have the commit or not. If not, then the
+			 * reference is not for merge and needs to be written
+			 * to the reflog after other commits which we already
+			 * have. We're not interested in this property though
+			 * in case FETCH_HEAD is not to be updated, so we can
+			 * skip the classification in that case.
+			 */
+			if (fetch_head->fp) {
+				struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+				/*
+				 * References in "refs/tags/" are often going to point
+				 * to annotated tags, which are not part of the
+				 * commit-graph. We thus only try to look up refs in
+				 * the graph which are not in that namespace to not
+				 * regress performance in repositories with many
+				 * annotated tags.
+				 */
+				if (!starts_with(rm->name, "refs/tags/"))
+					commit = lookup_commit_in_graph(the_repository, &rm->old_oid);
+				if (!commit) {
+					commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
+										&rm->old_oid,
+										1);
+					if (!commit)
+						rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (rm->fetch_head_status != want_status)
+				continue;
+
+			if (rm->peer_ref) {
+				ref = alloc_ref(rm->peer_ref->name);
+				oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &rm->peer_ref->old_oid);
+				oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, &rm->old_oid);
+				ref->force = rm->peer_ref->force;
+			}
+
+			if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF &&
+			    (!rm->peer_ref || !oideq(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid))) {
+				check_for_new_submodule_commits(&rm->old_oid);
+			}
+
+			if (!strcmp(rm->name, "HEAD")) {
+				kind = "";
+				what = "";
+			}
+			else if (skip_prefix(rm->name, "refs/heads/", &what))
+				kind = "branch";
+			else if (skip_prefix(rm->name, "refs/tags/", &what))
+				kind = "tag";
+			else if (skip_prefix(rm->name, "refs/remotes/", &what))
+				kind = "remote-tracking branch";
+			else {
+				kind = "";
+				what = rm->name;
+			}
+
+			url_len = strlen(url);
+			for (i = url_len - 1; url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
+				;
+			url_len = i + 1;
+			if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", url + i - 3, 4))
+				url_len = i - 3;
+
+			strbuf_reset(&note);
+			if (*what) {
+				if (*kind)
+					strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
+				strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
+			}
+
+			append_fetch_head(fetch_head, &rm->old_oid,
+					  rm->fetch_head_status,
+					  note.buf, url, url_len);
+
+			strbuf_reset(&note);
+			if (ref) {
+				rc |= update_local_ref(ref, transaction, what,
+						       rm, &note, summary_width);
+				free(ref);
+			} else if (write_fetch_head || dry_run) {
+				/*
+				 * Display fetches written to FETCH_HEAD (or
+				 * would be written to FETCH_HEAD, if --dry-run
+				 * is set).
+				 */
+				format_display(&note, '*',
+					       *kind ? kind : "branch", NULL,
+					       *what ? what : "HEAD",
+					       "FETCH_HEAD", summary_width);
+			}
+			if (note.len) {
+				if (!shown_url) {
+					fprintf(stderr, _("From %.*s\n"),
+							url_len, url);
+					shown_url = 1;
+				}
+				fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", note.buf);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rc & STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT)
+		error(_("some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+		      " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting "
+		      "branches"), remote_name);
+
+	if (advice_enabled(ADVICE_FETCH_SHOW_FORCED_UPDATES)) {
+		if (!fetch_show_forced_updates) {
+			warning(_(warn_show_forced_updates));
+		} else if (forced_updates_ms > FORCED_UPDATES_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS) {
+			warning(_(warn_time_show_forced_updates),
+				forced_updates_ms / 1000.0);
+		}
+	}
+
+ abort:
+	strbuf_release(&note);
+	free(url);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We would want to bypass the object transfer altogether if
+ * everything we are going to fetch already exists and is connected
+ * locally.
+ */
+static int check_exist_and_connected(struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	struct ref *rm = ref_map;
+	struct check_connected_options opt = CHECK_CONNECTED_INIT;
+	struct ref *r;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are deepening a shallow clone we already have these
+	 * objects reachable.  Running rev-list here will return with
+	 * a good (0) exit status and we'll bypass the fetch that we
+	 * really need to perform.  Claiming failure now will ensure
+	 * we perform the network exchange to deepen our history.
+	 */
+	if (deepen)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Similarly, if we need to refetch, we always want to perform a full
+	 * fetch ignoring existing objects.
+	 */
+	if (refetch)
+		return -1;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * check_connected() allows objects to merely be promised, but
+	 * we need all direct targets to exist.
+	 */
+	for (r = rm; r; r = r->next) {
+		if (!has_object_file_with_flags(&r->old_oid,
+						OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	opt.quiet = 1;
+	return check_connected(iterate_ref_map, &rm, &opt);
+}
+
+static int fetch_and_consume_refs(struct transport *transport,
+				  struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				  struct ref *ref_map,
+				  struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
+{
+	int connectivity_checked = 1;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't need to perform a fetch in case we can already satisfy all
+	 * refs.
+	 */
+	ret = check_exist_and_connected(ref_map);
+	if (ret) {
+		trace2_region_enter("fetch", "fetch_refs", the_repository);
+		ret = transport_fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
+		trace2_region_leave("fetch", "fetch_refs", the_repository);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+		connectivity_checked = transport->smart_options ?
+			transport->smart_options->connectivity_checked : 0;
+	}
+
+	trace2_region_enter("fetch", "consume_refs", the_repository);
+	ret = store_updated_refs(transport->url, transport->remote->name,
+				 connectivity_checked, transaction, ref_map,
+				 fetch_head);
+	trace2_region_leave("fetch", "consume_refs", the_repository);
+
+out:
+	transport_unlock_pack(transport, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int prune_refs(struct refspec *rs,
+		      struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+		      struct ref *ref_map,
+		      const char *raw_url)
+{
+	int url_len, i, result = 0;
+	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = get_stale_heads(rs, ref_map);
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *url;
+	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
+		? _("   (%s will become dangling)")
+		: _("   (%s has become dangling)");
+
+	if (raw_url)
+		url = transport_anonymize_url(raw_url);
+	else
+		url = xstrdup("foreign");
+
+	url_len = strlen(url);
+	for (i = url_len - 1; url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
+		;
+
+	url_len = i + 1;
+	if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", url + i - 3, 4))
+		url_len = i - 3;
+
+	if (!dry_run) {
+		if (transaction) {
+			for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+				result = ref_transaction_delete(transaction, ref->name, NULL, 0,
+								"fetch: prune", &err);
+				if (result)
+					goto cleanup;
+			}
+		} else {
+			struct string_list refnames = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+			for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				string_list_append(&refnames, ref->name);
+
+			result = delete_refs("fetch: prune", &refnames, 0);
+			string_list_clear(&refnames, 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (verbosity >= 0) {
+		int summary_width = transport_summary_width(stale_refs);
+
+		for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (!shown_url) {
+				fprintf(stderr, _("From %.*s\n"), url_len, url);
+				shown_url = 1;
+			}
+			format_display(&sb, '-', _("[deleted]"), NULL,
+				       _("(none)"), prettify_refname(ref->name),
+				       summary_width);
+			fprintf(stderr, " %s\n",sb.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&sb);
+			warn_dangling_symref(stderr, dangling_msg, ref->name);
+		}
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	free(url);
+	free_refs(stale_refs);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void check_not_current_branch(struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	for (; ref_map; ref_map = ref_map->next)
+		if (ref_map->peer_ref &&
+		    starts_with(ref_map->peer_ref->name, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    (path = branch_checked_out(ref_map->peer_ref->name)))
+			die(_("refusing to fetch into branch '%s' "
+			      "checked out at '%s'"),
+			    ref_map->peer_ref->name, path);
+}
+
+static int truncate_fetch_head(void)
+{
+	const char *filename = git_path_fetch_head(the_repository);
+	FILE *fp = fopen_for_writing(filename);
+
+	if (!fp)
+		return error_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), filename);
+	fclose(fp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
+	if (r < 0)
+		die(_("option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
+		    name, value, transport->url);
+	if (r > 0)
+		warning(_("option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
+			name, transport->url);
+}
+
+
+static int add_oid(const char *refname UNUSED,
+		   const struct object_id *oid,
+		   int flags UNUSED, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct oid_array *oids = cb_data;
+
+	oid_array_append(oids, oid);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void add_negotiation_tips(struct git_transport_options *smart_options)
+{
+	struct oid_array *oids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*oids));
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < negotiation_tip.nr; i++) {
+		const char *s = negotiation_tip.items[i].string;
+		int old_nr;
+		if (!has_glob_specials(s)) {
+			struct object_id oid;
+			if (get_oid(s, &oid))
+				die(_("%s is not a valid object"), s);
+			if (!has_object(the_repository, &oid, 0))
+				die(_("the object %s does not exist"), s);
+			oid_array_append(oids, &oid);
+			continue;
+		}
+		old_nr = oids->nr;
+		for_each_glob_ref(add_oid, s, oids);
+		if (old_nr == oids->nr)
+			warning("ignoring --negotiation-tip=%s because it does not match any refs",
+				s);
+	}
+	smart_options->negotiation_tips = oids;
+}
+
+static struct transport *prepare_transport(struct remote *remote, int deepen)
+{
+	struct transport *transport;
+
+	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
+	transport->family = family;
+	if (upload_pack)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
+	if (keep)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	if (depth)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	if (deepen && deepen_since)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_SINCE, deepen_since);
+	if (deepen && deepen_not.nr)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_NOT,
+			   (const char *)&deepen_not);
+	if (deepen_relative)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_RELATIVE, "yes");
+	if (update_shallow)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW, "yes");
+	if (refetch)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_REFETCH, "yes");
+	if (filter_options.choice) {
+		const char *spec =
+			expand_list_objects_filter_spec(&filter_options);
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_LIST_OBJECTS_FILTER, spec);
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FROM_PROMISOR, "1");
+	}
+	if (negotiation_tip.nr) {
+		if (transport->smart_options)
+			add_negotiation_tips(transport->smart_options);
+		else
+			warning("ignoring --negotiation-tip because the protocol does not support it");
+	}
+	return transport;
+}
+
+static int backfill_tags(struct transport *transport,
+			 struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			 struct ref *ref_map,
+			 struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
+{
+	int retcode, cannot_reuse;
+
+	/*
+	 * Once we have set TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_SINCE, we can't unset it
+	 * when remote helper is used (setting it to an empty string
+	 * is not unsetting). We could extend the remote helper
+	 * protocol for that, but for now, just force a new connection
+	 * without deepen-since. Similar story for deepen-not.
+	 */
+	cannot_reuse = transport->cannot_reuse ||
+		deepen_since || deepen_not.nr;
+	if (cannot_reuse) {
+		gsecondary = prepare_transport(transport->remote, 0);
+		transport = gsecondary;
+	}
+
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_RELATIVE, NULL);
+	retcode = fetch_and_consume_refs(transport, transaction, ref_map, fetch_head);
+
+	if (gsecondary) {
+		transport_disconnect(gsecondary);
+		gsecondary = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return retcode;
+}
+
+static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
+		    struct refspec *rs)
+{
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction = NULL;
+	struct ref *ref_map = NULL;
+	int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
+	int retcode = 0;
+	const struct ref *remote_refs;
+	struct transport_ls_refs_options transport_ls_refs_options =
+		TRANSPORT_LS_REFS_OPTIONS_INIT;
+	int must_list_refs = 1;
+	struct fetch_head fetch_head = { 0 };
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT) {
+		if (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 2)
+			tags = TAGS_SET;
+		if (transport->remote->fetch_tags == -1)
+			tags = TAGS_UNSET;
+	}
+
+	/* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
+	if (!append && write_fetch_head) {
+		retcode = truncate_fetch_head();
+		if (retcode)
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (rs->nr) {
+		int i;
+
+		refspec_ref_prefixes(rs, &transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes);
+
+		/*
+		 * We can avoid listing refs if all of them are exact
+		 * OIDs
+		 */
+		must_list_refs = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+			if (!rs->items[i].exact_sha1) {
+				must_list_refs = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+
+		if (transport->remote->fetch.nr)
+			refspec_ref_prefixes(&transport->remote->fetch,
+					     &transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes);
+		if (branch_has_merge_config(branch) &&
+		    !strcmp(branch->remote_name, transport->remote->name)) {
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
+				strvec_push(&transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes,
+					    branch->merge[i]->src);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET || tags == TAGS_DEFAULT) {
+		must_list_refs = 1;
+		if (transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes.nr)
+			strvec_push(&transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes,
+				    "refs/tags/");
+	}
+
+	if (must_list_refs) {
+		trace2_region_enter("fetch", "remote_refs", the_repository);
+		remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport,
+							&transport_ls_refs_options);
+		trace2_region_leave("fetch", "remote_refs", the_repository);
+	} else
+		remote_refs = NULL;
+
+	transport_ls_refs_options_release(&transport_ls_refs_options);
+
+	ref_map = get_ref_map(transport->remote, remote_refs, rs,
+			      tags, &autotags);
+	if (!update_head_ok)
+		check_not_current_branch(ref_map);
+
+	retcode = open_fetch_head(&fetch_head);
+	if (retcode)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (atomic_fetch) {
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction) {
+			retcode = error("%s", err.buf);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
+	if (prune) {
+		/*
+		 * We only prune based on refspecs specified
+		 * explicitly (via command line or configuration); we
+		 * don't care whether --tags was specified.
+		 */
+		if (rs->nr) {
+			retcode = prune_refs(rs, transaction, ref_map, transport->url);
+		} else {
+			retcode = prune_refs(&transport->remote->fetch,
+					     transaction, ref_map,
+					     transport->url);
+		}
+		if (retcode != 0)
+			retcode = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (fetch_and_consume_refs(transport, transaction, ref_map, &fetch_head)) {
+		retcode = 1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If neither --no-tags nor --tags was specified, do automated tag
+	 * following.
+	 */
+	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags) {
+		struct ref *tags_ref_map = NULL, **tail = &tags_ref_map;
+
+		find_non_local_tags(remote_refs, transaction, &tags_ref_map, &tail);
+		if (tags_ref_map) {
+			/*
+			 * If backfilling of tags fails then we want to tell
+			 * the user so, but we have to continue regardless to
+			 * populate upstream information of the references we
+			 * have already fetched above. The exception though is
+			 * when `--atomic` is passed: in that case we'll abort
+			 * the transaction and don't commit anything.
+			 */
+			if (backfill_tags(transport, transaction, tags_ref_map,
+					  &fetch_head))
+				retcode = 1;
+		}
+
+		free_refs(tags_ref_map);
+	}
+
+	if (transaction) {
+		if (retcode)
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		retcode = ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err);
+		if (retcode) {
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+			transaction = NULL;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	commit_fetch_head(&fetch_head);
+
+	if (set_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get("HEAD");
+		struct ref *rm;
+		struct ref *source_ref = NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * We're setting the upstream configuration for the
+		 * current branch. The relevant upstream is the
+		 * fetched branch that is meant to be merged with the
+		 * current one, i.e. the one fetched to FETCH_HEAD.
+		 *
+		 * When there are several such branches, consider the
+		 * request ambiguous and err on the safe side by doing
+		 * nothing and just emit a warning.
+		 */
+		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+			if (!rm->peer_ref) {
+				if (source_ref) {
+					warning(_("multiple branches detected, incompatible with --set-upstream"));
+					goto cleanup;
+				} else {
+					source_ref = rm;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (source_ref) {
+			if (!branch) {
+				const char *shortname = source_ref->name;
+				skip_prefix(shortname, "refs/heads/", &shortname);
+
+				warning(_("could not set upstream of HEAD to '%s' from '%s' when "
+					  "it does not point to any branch."),
+					shortname, transport->remote->name);
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+
+			if (!strcmp(source_ref->name, "HEAD") ||
+			    starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/heads/"))
+				install_branch_config(0,
+						      branch->name,
+						      transport->remote->name,
+						      source_ref->name);
+			else if (starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/remotes/"))
+				warning(_("not setting upstream for a remote remote-tracking branch"));
+			else if (starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+				warning(_("not setting upstream for a remote tag"));
+			else
+				warning(_("unknown branch type"));
+		} else {
+			warning(_("no source branch found;\n"
+				  "you need to specify exactly one branch with the --set-upstream option"));
+		}
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	if (retcode && transaction) {
+		ref_transaction_abort(transaction, &err);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+	}
+
+	close_fetch_head(&fetch_head);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	free_refs(ref_map);
+	return retcode;
+}
+
+static int get_one_remote_for_fetch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = priv;
+	if (!remote->skip_default_update)
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct remote_group_data {
+	const char *name;
+	struct string_list *list;
+};
+
+static int get_remote_group(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
+{
+	struct remote_group_data *g = priv;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(key, "remotes.", &key) && !strcmp(key, g->name)) {
+		/* split list by white space */
+		while (*value) {
+			size_t wordlen = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+
+			if (wordlen >= 1)
+				string_list_append_nodup(g->list,
+						   xstrndup(value, wordlen));
+			value += wordlen + (value[wordlen] != '\0');
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_remote_or_group(const char *name, struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int prev_nr = list->nr;
+	struct remote_group_data g;
+	g.name = name; g.list = list;
+
+	git_config(get_remote_group, &g);
+	if (list->nr == prev_nr) {
+		struct remote *remote = remote_get(name);
+		if (!remote_is_configured(remote, 0))
+			return 0;
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void add_options_to_argv(struct strvec *argv)
+{
+	if (dry_run)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--dry-run");
+	if (prune != -1)
+		strvec_push(argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
+	if (prune_tags != -1)
+		strvec_push(argv, prune_tags ? "--prune-tags" : "--no-prune-tags");
+	if (update_head_ok)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
+	if (force)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--force");
+	if (keep)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--keep");
+	if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules");
+	else if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--tags");
+	else if (tags == TAGS_UNSET)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--no-tags");
+	if (verbosity >= 2)
+		strvec_push(argv, "-v");
+	if (verbosity >= 1)
+		strvec_push(argv, "-v");
+	else if (verbosity < 0)
+		strvec_push(argv, "-q");
+	if (family == TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--ipv4");
+	else if (family == TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6)
+		strvec_push(argv, "--ipv6");
+}
+
+/* Fetch multiple remotes in parallel */
+
+struct parallel_fetch_state {
+	const char **argv;
+	struct string_list *remotes;
+	int next, result;
+};
+
+static int fetch_next_remote(struct child_process *cp, struct strbuf *out,
+			     void *cb, void **task_cb)
+{
+	struct parallel_fetch_state *state = cb;
+	char *remote;
+
+	if (state->next < 0 || state->next >= state->remotes->nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	remote = state->remotes->items[state->next++].string;
+	*task_cb = remote;
+
+	strvec_pushv(&cp->args, state->argv);
+	strvec_push(&cp->args, remote);
+	cp->git_cmd = 1;
+
+	if (verbosity >= 0)
+		printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), remote);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int fetch_failed_to_start(struct strbuf *out, void *cb, void *task_cb)
+{
+	struct parallel_fetch_state *state = cb;
+	const char *remote = task_cb;
+
+	state->result = error(_("could not fetch %s"), remote);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_finished(int result, struct strbuf *out,
+			  void *cb, void *task_cb)
+{
+	struct parallel_fetch_state *state = cb;
+	const char *remote = task_cb;
+
+	if (result) {
+		strbuf_addf(out, _("could not fetch '%s' (exit code: %d)\n"),
+			    remote, result);
+		state->result = -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list, int max_children)
+{
+	int i, result = 0;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
+
+	if (!append && write_fetch_head) {
+		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
+		if (errcode)
+			return errcode;
+	}
+
+	strvec_pushl(&argv, "fetch", "--append", "--no-auto-gc",
+		     "--no-write-commit-graph", NULL);
+	add_options_to_argv(&argv);
+
+	if (max_children != 1 && list->nr != 1) {
+		struct parallel_fetch_state state = { argv.v, list, 0, 0 };
+		const struct run_process_parallel_opts opts = {
+			.tr2_category = "fetch",
+			.tr2_label = "parallel/fetch",
+
+			.processes = max_children,
+
+			.get_next_task = &fetch_next_remote,
+			.start_failure = &fetch_failed_to_start,
+			.task_finished = &fetch_finished,
+			.data = &state,
+		};
+
+		strvec_push(&argv, "--end-of-options");
+
+		run_processes_parallel(&opts);
+		result = state.result;
+	} else
+		for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+			const char *name = list->items[i].string;
+			struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+			strvec_pushv(&cmd.args, argv.v);
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, name);
+			if (verbosity >= 0)
+				printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), name);
+			cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+			if (run_command(&cmd)) {
+				error(_("could not fetch %s"), name);
+				result = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
+	return !!result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fetching from the promisor remote should use the given filter-spec
+ * or inherit the default filter-spec from the config.
+ */
+static inline void fetch_one_setup_partial(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Explicit --no-filter argument overrides everything, regardless
+	 * of any prior partial clones and fetches.
+	 */
+	if (filter_options.no_filter)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * If no prior partial clone/fetch and the current fetch DID NOT
+	 * request a partial-fetch, do a normal fetch.
+	 */
+	if (!has_promisor_remote() && !filter_options.choice)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a partial-fetch request, we enable partial on
+	 * this repo if not already enabled and remember the given
+	 * filter-spec as the default for subsequent fetches to this
+	 * remote if there is currently no default filter-spec.
+	 */
+	if (filter_options.choice) {
+		partial_clone_register(remote->name, &filter_options);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Do a partial-fetch from the promisor remote using either the
+	 * explicitly given filter-spec or inherit the filter-spec from
+	 * the config.
+	 */
+	if (!filter_options.choice)
+		partial_clone_get_default_filter_spec(&filter_options, remote->name);
+	return;
+}
+
+static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv,
+		     int prune_tags_ok, int use_stdin_refspecs)
+{
+	struct refspec rs = REFSPEC_INIT_FETCH;
+	int i;
+	int exit_code;
+	int maybe_prune_tags;
+	int remote_via_config = remote_is_configured(remote, 0);
+
+	if (!remote)
+		die(_("no remote repository specified; please specify either a URL or a\n"
+		      "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched"));
+
+	gtransport = prepare_transport(remote, 1);
+
+	if (prune < 0) {
+		/* no command line request */
+		if (0 <= remote->prune)
+			prune = remote->prune;
+		else if (0 <= fetch_prune_config)
+			prune = fetch_prune_config;
+		else
+			prune = PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT;
+	}
+
+	if (prune_tags < 0) {
+		/* no command line request */
+		if (0 <= remote->prune_tags)
+			prune_tags = remote->prune_tags;
+		else if (0 <= fetch_prune_tags_config)
+			prune_tags = fetch_prune_tags_config;
+		else
+			prune_tags = PRUNE_TAGS_BY_DEFAULT;
+	}
+
+	maybe_prune_tags = prune_tags_ok && prune_tags;
+	if (maybe_prune_tags && remote_via_config)
+		refspec_append(&remote->fetch, TAG_REFSPEC);
+
+	if (maybe_prune_tags && (argc || !remote_via_config))
+		refspec_append(&rs, TAG_REFSPEC);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "tag")) {
+			i++;
+			if (i >= argc)
+				die(_("you need to specify a tag name"));
+
+			refspec_appendf(&rs, "refs/tags/%s:refs/tags/%s",
+					argv[i], argv[i]);
+		} else {
+			refspec_append(&rs, argv[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (use_stdin_refspecs) {
+		struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+		while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, stdin) != EOF)
+			refspec_append(&rs, line.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&line);
+	}
+
+	if (server_options.nr)
+		gtransport->server_options = &server_options;
+
+	sigchain_push_common(unlock_pack_on_signal);
+	atexit(unlock_pack_atexit);
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+	exit_code = do_fetch(gtransport, &rs);
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+	refspec_clear(&rs);
+	transport_disconnect(gtransport);
+	gtransport = NULL;
+	return exit_code;
+}
+
+int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct remote *remote = NULL;
+	int result = 0;
+	int prune_tags_ok = 1;
+
+	packet_trace_identity("fetch");
+
+	/* Record the command line for the reflog */
+	strbuf_addstr(&default_rla, "fetch");
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		/* This handles non-URLs gracefully */
+		char *anon = transport_anonymize_url(argv[i]);
+
+		strbuf_addf(&default_rla, " %s", anon);
+		free(anon);
+	}
+
+	git_config(git_fetch_config, NULL);
+	if (the_repository->gitdir) {
+		prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
+		the_repository->settings.command_requires_full_index = 0;
+	}
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
+			     builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);
+
+	if (recurse_submodules_cli != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT)
+		recurse_submodules = recurse_submodules_cli;
+
+	if (negotiate_only) {
+		switch (recurse_submodules_cli) {
+		case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF:
+		case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT:
+			/*
+			 * --negotiate-only should never recurse into
+			 * submodules. Skip it by setting recurse_submodules to
+			 * RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF.
+			 */
+			recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"),
+			    "--negotiate-only", "--recurse-submodules");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) {
+		int *sfjc = submodule_fetch_jobs_config == -1
+			    ? &submodule_fetch_jobs_config : NULL;
+		int *rs = recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT
+			  ? &recurse_submodules : NULL;
+
+		fetch_config_from_gitmodules(sfjc, rs);
+	}
+
+	if (negotiate_only && !negotiation_tip.nr)
+		die(_("--negotiate-only needs one or more --negotiation-tip=*"));
+
+	if (deepen_relative) {
+		if (deepen_relative < 0)
+			die(_("negative depth in --deepen is not supported"));
+		if (depth)
+			die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"), "--deepen", "--depth");
+		depth = xstrfmt("%d", deepen_relative);
+	}
+	if (unshallow) {
+		if (depth)
+			die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"), "--depth", "--unshallow");
+		else if (!is_repository_shallow(the_repository))
+			die(_("--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"));
+		else
+			depth = xstrfmt("%d", INFINITE_DEPTH);
+	}
+
+	/* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
+	if (depth && atoi(depth) < 1)
+		die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), depth);
+	if (depth || deepen_since || deepen_not.nr)
+		deepen = 1;
+
+	/* FETCH_HEAD never gets updated in --dry-run mode */
+	if (dry_run)
+		write_fetch_head = 0;
+
+	if (all) {
+		if (argc == 1)
+			die(_("fetch --all does not take a repository argument"));
+		else if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"));
+		(void) for_each_remote(get_one_remote_for_fetch, &list);
+
+		/* do not do fetch_multiple() of one */
+		if (list.nr == 1)
+			remote = remote_get(list.items[0].string);
+	} else if (argc == 0) {
+		/* No arguments -- use default remote */
+		remote = remote_get(NULL);
+	} else if (multiple) {
+		/* All arguments are assumed to be remotes or groups */
+		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+			if (!add_remote_or_group(argv[i], &list))
+				die(_("no such remote or remote group: %s"),
+				    argv[i]);
+	} else {
+		/* Single remote or group */
+		(void) add_remote_or_group(argv[0], &list);
+		if (list.nr > 1) {
+			/* More than one remote */
+			if (argc > 1)
+				die(_("fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"));
+		} else {
+			/* Zero or one remotes */
+			remote = remote_get(argv[0]);
+			prune_tags_ok = (argc == 1);
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (negotiate_only) {
+		struct oidset acked_commits = OIDSET_INIT;
+		struct oidset_iter iter;
+		const struct object_id *oid;
+
+		if (!remote)
+			die(_("must supply remote when using --negotiate-only"));
+		gtransport = prepare_transport(remote, 1);
+		if (gtransport->smart_options) {
+			gtransport->smart_options->acked_commits = &acked_commits;
+		} else {
+			warning(_("protocol does not support --negotiate-only, exiting"));
+			result = 1;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+		if (server_options.nr)
+			gtransport->server_options = &server_options;
+		result = transport_fetch_refs(gtransport, NULL);
+
+		oidset_iter_init(&acked_commits, &iter);
+		while ((oid = oidset_iter_next(&iter)))
+			printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
+		oidset_clear(&acked_commits);
+	} else if (remote) {
+		if (filter_options.choice || has_promisor_remote())
+			fetch_one_setup_partial(remote);
+		result = fetch_one(remote, argc, argv, prune_tags_ok, stdin_refspecs);
+	} else {
+		int max_children = max_jobs;
+
+		if (filter_options.choice)
+			die(_("--filter can only be used with the remote "
+			      "configured in extensions.partialclone"));
+
+		if (atomic_fetch)
+			die(_("--atomic can only be used when fetching "
+			      "from one remote"));
+
+		if (stdin_refspecs)
+			die(_("--stdin can only be used when fetching "
+			      "from one remote"));
+
+		if (max_children < 0)
+			max_children = fetch_parallel_config;
+
+		/* TODO should this also die if we have a previous partial-clone? */
+		result = fetch_multiple(&list, max_children);
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * This is only needed after fetch_one(), which does not fetch
+	 * submodules by itself.
+	 *
+	 * When we fetch from multiple remotes, fetch_multiple() has
+	 * already updated submodules to grab commits necessary for
+	 * the fetched history from each remote, so there is no need
+	 * to fetch submodules from here.
+	 */
+	if (!result && remote && (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)) {
+		struct strvec options = STRVEC_INIT;
+		int max_children = max_jobs;
+
+		if (max_children < 0)
+			max_children = submodule_fetch_jobs_config;
+		if (max_children < 0)
+			max_children = fetch_parallel_config;
+
+		add_options_to_argv(&options);
+		result = fetch_submodules(the_repository,
+					  &options,
+					  submodule_prefix,
+					  recurse_submodules,
+					  recurse_submodules_default,
+					  verbosity < 0,
+					  max_children);
+		strvec_clear(&options);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip irrelevant tasks because we know objects were not
+	 * fetched.
+	 *
+	 * NEEDSWORK: as a future optimization, we can return early
+	 * whenever objects were not fetched e.g. if we already have all
+	 * of them.
+	 */
+	if (negotiate_only)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
+	if (fetch_write_commit_graph > 0 ||
+	    (fetch_write_commit_graph < 0 &&
+	     the_repository->settings.fetch_write_commit_graph)) {
+		int commit_graph_flags = COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT;
+
+		if (progress)
+			commit_graph_flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS;
+
+		write_commit_graph_reachable(the_repository->objects->odb,
+					     commit_graph_flags,
+					     NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (enable_auto_gc) {
+		if (refetch) {
+			/*
+			 * Hint auto-maintenance strongly to encourage repacking,
+			 * but respect config settings disabling it.
+			 */
+			int opt_val;
+			if (git_config_get_int("gc.autopacklimit", &opt_val))
+				opt_val = -1;
+			if (opt_val != 0)
+				git_config_push_parameter("gc.autoPackLimit=1");
+
+			if (git_config_get_int("maintenance.incremental-repack.auto", &opt_val))
+				opt_val = -1;
+			if (opt_val != 0)
+				git_config_push_parameter("maintenance.incremental-repack.auto=-1");
+		}
+		run_auto_maintenance(verbosity < 0);
+	}
+
+ cleanup:
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+	return result;
+}