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diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..063d6ee --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt @@ -0,0 +1,506 @@ +git-worktree(1) +=============== + +NAME +---- +git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees + + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock [--reason <string>]] + [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>] +'git worktree list' [-v | --porcelain [-z]] +'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree> +'git worktree move' <worktree> <new-path> +'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] +'git worktree remove' [-f] <worktree> +'git worktree repair' [<path>...] +'git worktree unlock' <worktree> + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository. + +A git repository can support multiple working trees, allowing you to check +out more than one branch at a time. With `git worktree add` a new working +tree is associated with the repository, along with additional metadata +that differentiates that working tree from others in the same repository. +The working tree, along with this metadata, is called a "worktree". + +This new worktree is called a "linked worktree" as opposed to the "main +worktree" prepared by linkgit:git-init[1] or linkgit:git-clone[1]. +A repository has one main worktree (if it's not a bare repository) and +zero or more linked worktrees. When you are done with a linked worktree, +remove it with `git worktree remove`. + +In its simplest form, `git worktree add <path>` automatically creates a +new branch whose name is the final component of `<path>`, which is +convenient if you plan to work on a new topic. For instance, `git +worktree add ../hotfix` creates new branch `hotfix` and checks it out at +path `../hotfix`. To instead work on an existing branch in a new worktree, +use `git worktree add <path> <branch>`. On the other hand, if you just +plan to make some experimental changes or do testing without disturbing +existing development, it is often convenient to create a 'throwaway' +worktree not associated with any branch. For instance, +`git worktree add -d <path>` creates a new worktree with a detached `HEAD` +at the same commit as the current branch. + +If a working tree is deleted without using `git worktree remove`, then +its associated administrative files, which reside in the repository +(see "DETAILS" below), will eventually be removed automatically (see +`gc.worktreePruneExpire` in linkgit:git-config[1]), or you can run +`git worktree prune` in the main or any linked worktree to clean up any +stale administrative files. + +If the working tree for a linked worktree is stored on a portable device +or network share which is not always mounted, you can prevent its +administrative files from being pruned by issuing the `git worktree lock` +command, optionally specifying `--reason` to explain why the worktree is +locked. + +COMMANDS +-------- +add <path> [<commit-ish>]:: + +Create a worktree at `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new worktree +is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except per-worktree +files such as `HEAD`, `index`, etc. As a convenience, `<commit-ish>` may +be a bare "`-`", which is synonymous with `@{-1}`. ++ +If `<commit-ish>` is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found, +and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does +exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`) +with a matching name, treat as equivalent to: ++ +------------ +$ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch> +------------ ++ +If the branch exists in multiple remotes and one of them is named by +the `checkout.defaultRemote` configuration variable, we'll use that +one for the purposes of disambiguation, even if the `<branch>` isn't +unique across all remotes. Set it to +e.g. `checkout.defaultRemote=origin` to always checkout remote +branches from there if `<branch>` is ambiguous but exists on the +`origin` remote. See also `checkout.defaultRemote` in +linkgit:git-config[1]. ++ +If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used, +then, as a convenience, the new worktree is associated with a branch (call +it `<branch>`) named after `$(basename <path>)`. If `<branch>` doesn't +exist, a new branch based on `HEAD` is automatically created as if +`-b <branch>` was given. If `<branch>` does exist, it will be checked out +in the new worktree, if it's not checked out anywhere else, otherwise the +command will refuse to create the worktree (unless `--force` is used). + +list:: + +List details of each worktree. The main worktree is listed first, +followed by each of the linked worktrees. The output details include +whether the worktree is bare, the revision currently checked out, the +branch currently checked out (or "detached HEAD" if none), "locked" if +the worktree is locked, "prunable" if the worktree can be pruned by the +`prune` command. + +lock:: + +If a worktree is on a portable device or network share which is not always +mounted, lock it to prevent its administrative files from being pruned +automatically. This also prevents it from being moved or deleted. +Optionally, specify a reason for the lock with `--reason`. + +move:: + +Move a worktree to a new location. Note that the main worktree or linked +worktrees containing submodules cannot be moved with this command. (The +`git worktree repair` command, however, can reestablish the connection +with linked worktrees if you move the main worktree manually.) + +prune:: + +Prune worktree information in `$GIT_DIR/worktrees`. + +remove:: + +Remove a worktree. Only clean worktrees (no untracked files and no +modification in tracked files) can be removed. Unclean worktrees or ones +with submodules can be removed with `--force`. The main worktree cannot be +removed. + +repair [<path>...]:: + +Repair worktree administrative files, if possible, if they have become +corrupted or outdated due to external factors. ++ +For instance, if the main worktree (or bare repository) is moved, linked +worktrees will be unable to locate it. Running `repair` in the main +worktree will reestablish the connection from linked worktrees back to the +main worktree. ++ +Similarly, if the working tree for a linked worktree is moved without +using `git worktree move`, the main worktree (or bare repository) will be +unable to locate it. Running `repair` within the recently-moved worktree +will reestablish the connection. If multiple linked worktrees are moved, +running `repair` from any worktree with each tree's new `<path>` as an +argument, will reestablish the connection to all the specified paths. ++ +If both the main worktree and linked worktrees have been moved manually, +then running `repair` in the main worktree and specifying the new `<path>` +of each linked worktree will reestablish all connections in both +directions. + +unlock:: + +Unlock a worktree, allowing it to be pruned, moved or deleted. + +OPTIONS +------- + +-f:: +--force:: + By default, `add` refuses to create a new worktree when + `<commit-ish>` is a branch name and is already checked out by + another worktree, or if `<path>` is already assigned to some + worktree but is missing (for instance, if `<path>` was deleted + manually). This option overrides these safeguards. To add a missing but + locked worktree path, specify `--force` twice. ++ +`move` refuses to move a locked worktree unless `--force` is specified +twice. If the destination is already assigned to some other worktree but is +missing (for instance, if `<new-path>` was deleted manually), then `--force` +allows the move to proceed; use `--force` twice if the destination is locked. ++ +`remove` refuses to remove an unclean worktree unless `--force` is used. +To remove a locked worktree, specify `--force` twice. + +-b <new-branch>:: +-B <new-branch>:: + With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at + `<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new worktree. + If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to `HEAD`. + By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already + exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to + `<commit-ish>`. + +-d:: +--detach:: + With `add`, detach `HEAD` in the new worktree. See "DETACHED HEAD" + in linkgit:git-checkout[1]. + +--[no-]checkout:: + By default, `add` checks out `<commit-ish>`, however, `--no-checkout` can + be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations, + such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout" + in linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. + +--[no-]guess-remote:: + With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead + of creating a new branch from `HEAD`, if there exists a tracking + branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>`, + base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark + the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch. ++ +This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the +`worktree.guessRemote` config option. + +--[no-]track:: + When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch, + mark it as "upstream" from the new branch. This is the + default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch. See + `--track` in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. + +--lock:: + Keep the worktree locked after creation. This is the + equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`, + but without a race condition. + +-n:: +--dry-run:: + With `prune`, do not remove anything; just report what it would + remove. + +--porcelain:: + With `list`, output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. + This format will remain stable across Git versions and regardless of user + configuration. It is recommended to combine this with `-z`. + See below for details. + +-z:: + Terminate each line with a NUL rather than a newline when + `--porcelain` is specified with `list`. This makes it possible + to parse the output when a worktree path contains a newline + character. + +-q:: +--quiet:: + With `add`, suppress feedback messages. + +-v:: +--verbose:: + With `prune`, report all removals. ++ +With `list`, output additional information about worktrees (see below). + +--expire <time>:: + With `prune`, only expire unused worktrees older than `<time>`. ++ +With `list`, annotate missing worktrees as prunable if they are older than +`<time>`. + +--reason <string>:: + With `lock` or with `add --lock`, an explanation why the worktree + is locked. + +<worktree>:: + Worktrees can be identified by path, either relative or absolute. ++ +If the last path components in the worktree's path is unique among +worktrees, it can be used to identify a worktree. For example if you only +have two worktrees, at `/abc/def/ghi` and `/abc/def/ggg`, then `ghi` or +`def/ghi` is enough to point to the former worktree. + +REFS +---- +When using multiple worktrees, some refs are shared between all worktrees, +but others are specific to an individual worktree. One example is `HEAD`, +which is different for each worktree. This section is about the sharing +rules and how to access refs of one worktree from another. + +In general, all pseudo refs are per-worktree and all refs starting with +`refs/` are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like `HEAD` which are directly +under `$GIT_DIR` instead of inside `$GIT_DIR/refs`. There are exceptions, +however: refs inside `refs/bisect` and `refs/worktree` are not shared. + +Refs that are per-worktree can still be accessed from another worktree via +two special paths, `main-worktree` and `worktrees`. The former gives +access to per-worktree refs of the main worktree, while the latter to all +linked worktrees. + +For example, `main-worktree/HEAD` or `main-worktree/refs/bisect/good` +resolve to the same value as the main worktree's `HEAD` and +`refs/bisect/good` respectively. Similarly, `worktrees/foo/HEAD` or +`worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad` are the same as +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD` and +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad`. + +To access refs, it's best not to look inside `$GIT_DIR` directly. Instead +use commands such as linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] or linkgit:git-update-ref[1] +which will handle refs correctly. + +CONFIGURATION FILE +------------------ +By default, the repository `config` file is shared across all worktrees. +If the config variables `core.bare` or `core.worktree` are present in the +common config file and `extensions.worktreeConfig` is disabled, then they +will be applied to the main worktree only. + +In order to have worktree-specific configuration, you can turn on the +`worktreeConfig` extension, e.g.: + +------------ +$ git config extensions.worktreeConfig true +------------ + +In this mode, specific configuration stays in the path pointed by `git +rev-parse --git-path config.worktree`. You can add or update +configuration in this file with `git config --worktree`. Older Git +versions will refuse to access repositories with this extension. + +Note that in this file, the exception for `core.bare` and `core.worktree` +is gone. If they exist in `$GIT_DIR/config`, you must move +them to the `config.worktree` of the main worktree. You may also take this +opportunity to review and move other configuration that you do not want to +share to all worktrees: + + - `core.worktree` should never be shared. + + - `core.bare` should not be shared if the value is `core.bare=true`. + + - `core.sparseCheckout` should not be shared, unless you are sure you + always use sparse checkout for all worktrees. + +See the documentation of `extensions.worktreeConfig` in +linkgit:git-config[1] for more details. + +DETAILS +------- +Each linked worktree has a private sub-directory in the repository's +`$GIT_DIR/worktrees` directory. The private sub-directory's name is usually +the base name of the linked worktree's path, possibly appended with a +number to make it unique. For example, when `$GIT_DIR=/path/main/.git` the +command `git worktree add /path/other/test-next next` creates the linked +worktree in `/path/other/test-next` and also creates a +`$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next` directory (or `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next1` +if `test-next` is already taken). + +Within a linked worktree, `$GIT_DIR` is set to point to this private +directory (e.g. `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` in the example) and +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` is set to point back to the main worktree's `$GIT_DIR` +(e.g. `/path/main/.git`). These settings are made in a `.git` file located at +the top directory of the linked worktree. + +Path resolution via `git rev-parse --git-path` uses either +`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` depending on the path. For example, in the +linked worktree `git rev-parse --git-path HEAD` returns +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/HEAD` (not +`/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git +rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`, +since refs are shared across all worktrees, except `refs/bisect` and +`refs/worktree`. + +See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of +thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to +`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` when you need to directly access something +inside `$GIT_DIR`. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path. + +If you manually move a linked worktree, you need to update the `gitdir` file +in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked worktree is moved +to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/gitdir` to reference `/newpath/test-next` +instead. Better yet, run `git worktree repair` to reestablish the connection +automatically. + +To prevent a `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` entry from being pruned (which +can be useful in some situations, such as when the +entry's worktree is stored on a portable device), use the +`git worktree lock` command, which adds a file named +`locked` to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in +plain text. For example, if a linked worktree's `.git` file points +to `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` then a file named +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/locked` will prevent the +`test-next` entry from being pruned. See +linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details. + +When `extensions.worktreeConfig` is enabled, the config file +`.git/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree` is read after `.git/config` is. + +LIST OUTPUT FORMAT +------------------ +The `worktree list` command has two output formats. The default format shows the +details on a single line with columns. For example: + +------------ +$ git worktree list +/path/to/bare-source (bare) +/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] +/path/to/other-linked-worktree 1234abc (detached HEAD) +------------ + +The command also shows annotations for each worktree, according to its state. +These annotations are: + + * `locked`, if the worktree is locked. + * `prunable`, if the worktree can be pruned via `git worktree prune`. + +------------ +$ git worktree list +/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] +/path/to/locked-worktree acbd5678 (brancha) locked +/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc (detached HEAD) prunable +------------ + +For these annotations, a reason might also be available and this can be +seen using the verbose mode. The annotation is then moved to the next line +indented followed by the additional information. + +------------ +$ git worktree list --verbose +/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] +/path/to/locked-worktree-no-reason abcd5678 (detached HEAD) locked +/path/to/locked-worktree-with-reason 1234abcd (brancha) + locked: worktree path is mounted on a portable device +/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc1 (detached HEAD) + prunable: gitdir file points to non-existent location +------------ + +Note that the annotation is moved to the next line if the additional +information is available, otherwise it stays on the same line as the +worktree itself. + +Porcelain Format +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The porcelain format has a line per attribute. If `-z` is given then the lines +are terminated with NUL rather than a newline. Attributes are listed with a +label and value separated by a single space. Boolean attributes (like `bare` +and `detached`) are listed as a label only, and are present only +if the value is true. Some attributes (like `locked`) can be listed as a label +only or with a value depending upon whether a reason is available. The first +attribute of a worktree is always `worktree`, an empty line indicates the +end of the record. For example: + +------------ +$ git worktree list --porcelain +worktree /path/to/bare-source +bare + +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree +HEAD abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234 +branch refs/heads/master + +worktree /path/to/other-linked-worktree +HEAD 1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234a +detached + +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-no-reason +HEAD 5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678c +branch refs/heads/locked-no-reason +locked + +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-with-reason +HEAD 3456def3456def3456def3456def3456def3456b +branch refs/heads/locked-with-reason +locked reason why is locked + +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-prunable +HEAD 1233def1234def1234def1234def1234def1234b +detached +prunable gitdir file points to non-existent location + +------------ + +Unless `-z` is used any "unusual" characters in the lock reason such as newlines +are escaped and the entire reason is quoted as explained for the +configuration variable `core.quotePath` (see linkgit:git-config[1]). +For Example: + +------------ +$ git worktree list --porcelain +... +locked "reason\nwhy is locked" +... +------------ + +EXAMPLES +-------- +You are in the middle of a refactoring session and your boss comes in and +demands that you fix something immediately. You might typically use +linkgit:git-stash[1] to store your changes away temporarily, however, your +working tree is in such a state of disarray (with new, moved, and removed +files, and other bits and pieces strewn around) that you don't want to risk +disturbing any of it. Instead, you create a temporary linked worktree to +make the emergency fix, remove it when done, and then resume your earlier +refactoring session. + +------------ +$ git worktree add -b emergency-fix ../temp master +$ pushd ../temp +# ... hack hack hack ... +$ git commit -a -m 'emergency fix for boss' +$ popd +$ git worktree remove ../temp +------------ + +BUGS +---- +Multiple checkout in general is still experimental, and the support +for submodules is incomplete. It is NOT recommended to make multiple +checkouts of a superproject. + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |