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+========
+dm-crypt
+========
+
+Device-Mapper's "crypt" target provides transparent encryption of block devices
+using the kernel crypto API.
+
+For a more detailed description of supported parameters see:
+https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMCrypt
+
+Parameters::
+
+ <cipher> <key> <iv_offset> <device path> \
+ <offset> [<#opt_params> <opt_params>]
+
+<cipher>
+ Encryption cipher, encryption mode and Initial Vector (IV) generator.
+
+ The cipher specifications format is::
+
+ cipher[:keycount]-chainmode-ivmode[:ivopts]
+
+ Examples::
+
+ aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
+ aes-xts-plain64
+ serpent-xts-plain64
+
+ Cipher format also supports direct specification with kernel crypt API
+ format (selected by capi: prefix). The IV specification is the same
+ as for the first format type.
+ This format is mainly used for specification of authenticated modes.
+
+ The crypto API cipher specifications format is::
+
+ capi:cipher_api_spec-ivmode[:ivopts]
+
+ Examples::
+
+ capi:cbc(aes)-essiv:sha256
+ capi:xts(aes)-plain64
+
+ Examples of authenticated modes::
+
+ capi:gcm(aes)-random
+ capi:authenc(hmac(sha256),xts(aes))-random
+ capi:rfc7539(chacha20,poly1305)-random
+
+ The /proc/crypto contains a list of currently loaded crypto modes.
+
+<key>
+ Key used for encryption. It is encoded either as a hexadecimal number
+ or it can be passed as <key_string> prefixed with single colon
+ character (':') for keys residing in kernel keyring service.
+ You can only use key sizes that are valid for the selected cipher
+ in combination with the selected iv mode.
+ Note that for some iv modes the key string can contain additional
+ keys (for example IV seed) so the key contains more parts concatenated
+ into a single string.
+
+<key_string>
+ The kernel keyring key is identified by string in following format:
+ <key_size>:<key_type>:<key_description>.
+
+<key_size>
+ The encryption key size in bytes. The kernel key payload size must match
+ the value passed in <key_size>.
+
+<key_type>
+ Either 'logon', 'user', 'encrypted' or 'trusted' kernel key type.
+
+<key_description>
+ The kernel keyring key description crypt target should look for
+ when loading key of <key_type>.
+
+<keycount>
+ Multi-key compatibility mode. You can define <keycount> keys and
+ then sectors are encrypted according to their offsets (sector 0 uses key0;
+ sector 1 uses key1 etc.). <keycount> must be a power of two.
+
+<iv_offset>
+ The IV offset is a sector count that is added to the sector number
+ before creating the IV.
+
+<device path>
+ This is the device that is going to be used as backend and contains the
+ encrypted data. You can specify it as a path like /dev/xxx or a device
+ number <major>:<minor>.
+
+<offset>
+ Starting sector within the device where the encrypted data begins.
+
+<#opt_params>
+ Number of optional parameters. If there are no optional parameters,
+ the optional parameters section can be skipped or #opt_params can be zero.
+ Otherwise #opt_params is the number of following arguments.
+
+ Example of optional parameters section:
+ 3 allow_discards same_cpu_crypt submit_from_crypt_cpus
+
+allow_discards
+ Block discard requests (a.k.a. TRIM) are passed through the crypt device.
+ The default is to ignore discard requests.
+
+ WARNING: Assess the specific security risks carefully before enabling this
+ option. For example, allowing discards on encrypted devices may lead to
+ the leak of information about the ciphertext device (filesystem type,
+ used space etc.) if the discarded blocks can be located easily on the
+ device later.
+
+same_cpu_crypt
+ Perform encryption using the same cpu that IO was submitted on.
+ The default is to use an unbound workqueue so that encryption work
+ is automatically balanced between available CPUs.
+
+submit_from_crypt_cpus
+ Disable offloading writes to a separate thread after encryption.
+ There are some situations where offloading write bios from the
+ encryption threads to a single thread degrades performance
+ significantly. The default is to offload write bios to the same
+ thread because it benefits CFQ to have writes submitted using the
+ same context.
+
+no_read_workqueue
+ Bypass dm-crypt internal workqueue and process read requests synchronously.
+
+no_write_workqueue
+ Bypass dm-crypt internal workqueue and process write requests synchronously.
+ This option is automatically enabled for host-managed zoned block devices
+ (e.g. host-managed SMR hard-disks).
+
+integrity:<bytes>:<type>
+ The device requires additional <bytes> metadata per-sector stored
+ in per-bio integrity structure. This metadata must by provided
+ by underlying dm-integrity target.
+
+ The <type> can be "none" if metadata is used only for persistent IV.
+
+ For Authenticated Encryption with Additional Data (AEAD)
+ the <type> is "aead". An AEAD mode additionally calculates and verifies
+ integrity for the encrypted device. The additional space is then
+ used for storing authentication tag (and persistent IV if needed).
+
+sector_size:<bytes>
+ Use <bytes> as the encryption unit instead of 512 bytes sectors.
+ This option can be in range 512 - 4096 bytes and must be power of two.
+ Virtual device will announce this size as a minimal IO and logical sector.
+
+iv_large_sectors
+ IV generators will use sector number counted in <sector_size> units
+ instead of default 512 bytes sectors.
+
+ For example, if <sector_size> is 4096 bytes, plain64 IV for the second
+ sector will be 8 (without flag) and 1 if iv_large_sectors is present.
+ The <iv_offset> must be multiple of <sector_size> (in 512 bytes units)
+ if this flag is specified.
+
+Example scripts
+===============
+LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is now the preferred way to set up disk
+encryption with dm-crypt using the 'cryptsetup' utility, see
+https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create a crypt device using dmsetup
+ dmsetup create crypt1 --table "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 babebabebabebabebabebabebabebabe 0 $1 0"
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create a crypt device using dmsetup when encryption key is stored in keyring service
+ dmsetup create crypt2 --table "0 `blockdev --getsize $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 :32:logon:my_prefix:my_key 0 $1 0"
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create a crypt device using cryptsetup and LUKS header with default cipher
+ cryptsetup luksFormat $1
+ cryptsetup luksOpen $1 crypt1