summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/i2c
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/i2c')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535.rst45
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563.rst30
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3.rst122
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd-mp2.rst25
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd756.rst29
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd8111.rst43
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-diolan-u2c.rst29
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801.rst187
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ismt.rst44
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-mlxcpld.rst57
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nforce2.rst53
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nvidia-gpu.rst20
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ocores.rst70
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport.rst190
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa.rst26
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4.rst111
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595.rst68
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630.rst63
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x.rst82
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-taos-evm.rst48
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-via.rst40
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro.rst77
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/index.rst32
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/busses/scx200_acb.rst37
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/dev-interface.rst221
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/dma-considerations.rst71
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/fault-codes.rst131
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/functionality.rst156
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/gpio-fault-injection.rst136
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/i2c-protocol.rst96
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/i2c-stub.rst66
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/i2c-sysfs.rst387
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst412
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/i2c_bus.svg1341
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/index.rst74
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices.rst272
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/muxes/i2c-mux-gpio.rst85
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/old-module-parameters.rst55
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/slave-eeprom-backend.rst26
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/slave-interface.rst201
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/slave-testunit-backend.rst88
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol.rst324
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/summary.rst61
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses.rst33
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/writing-clients.rst428
45 files changed, 6192 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..694106473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-ali1535
+=========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Acer Labs, Inc. ALI 1535 (south bridge)
+
+ Datasheet: Now under NDA
+ http://www.ali.com.tw/
+
+Authors:
+ - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>,
+ - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>,
+ - Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>,
+ - Dan Eaton <dan.eaton@rocketlogix.com>,
+ - Stephen Rousset<stephen.rousset@rocketlogix.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This is the driver for the SMB Host controller on Acer Labs Inc. (ALI)
+M1535 South Bridge.
+
+The M1535 is a South bridge for portable systems. It is very similar to the
+M15x3 South bridges also produced by Acer Labs Inc. Some of the registers
+within the part have moved and some have been redefined slightly.
+Additionally, the sequencing of the SMBus transactions has been modified to
+be more consistent with the sequencing recommended by the manufacturer and
+observed through testing. These changes are reflected in this driver and
+can be identified by comparing this driver to the i2c-ali15x3 driver. For
+an overview of these chips see http://www.acerlabs.com
+
+The SMB controller is part of the M7101 device, which is an ACPI-compliant
+Power Management Unit (PMU).
+
+The whole M7101 device has to be enabled for the SMB to work. You can't
+just enable the SMB alone. The SMB and the ACPI have separate I/O spaces.
+We make sure that the SMB is enabled. We leave the ACPI alone.
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+This driver controls the SMB Host only. This driver does not use
+interrupts.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eec32c3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-ali1563
+=========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Acer Labs, Inc. ALI 1563 (south bridge)
+
+ Datasheet: Now under NDA
+ http://www.ali.com.tw/
+
+Author: Patrick Mochel <mochel@digitalimplant.org>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This is the driver for the SMB Host controller on Acer Labs Inc. (ALI)
+M1563 South Bridge.
+
+For an overview of these chips see http://www.acerlabs.com
+
+The M1563 southbridge is deceptively similar to the M1533, with a few
+notable exceptions. One of those happens to be the fact they upgraded the
+i2c core to be SMBus 2.0 compliant, and happens to be almost identical to
+the i2c controller found in the Intel 801 south bridges.
+
+Features
+--------
+
+This driver controls the SMB Host only. This driver does not use
+interrupts.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4c1a2a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-ali15x3
+=========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Acer Labs, Inc. ALI 1533 and 1543C (south bridge)
+
+ Datasheet: Now under NDA
+ http://www.ali.com.tw/
+
+Authors:
+ - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>,
+ - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>,
+ - Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+* force_addr: int
+ Initialize the base address of the i2c controller
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+The force_addr parameter is useful for boards that don't set the address in
+the BIOS. Does not do a PCI force; the device must still be present in
+lspci. Don't use this unless the driver complains that the base address is
+not set.
+
+Example::
+
+ modprobe i2c-ali15x3 force_addr=0xe800
+
+SMBus periodically hangs on ASUS P5A motherboards and can only be cleared
+by a power cycle. Cause unknown (see Issues below).
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This is the driver for the SMB Host controller on Acer Labs Inc. (ALI)
+M1541 and M1543C South Bridges.
+
+The M1543C is a South bridge for desktop systems.
+
+The M1541 is a South bridge for portable systems.
+
+They are part of the following ALI chipsets:
+
+ * "Aladdin Pro 2" includes the M1621 Slot 1 North bridge with AGP and
+ 100MHz CPU Front Side bus
+ * "Aladdin V" includes the M1541 Socket 7 North bridge with AGP and 100MHz
+ CPU Front Side bus
+
+ Some Aladdin V motherboards:
+ - Asus P5A
+ - Atrend ATC-5220
+ - BCM/GVC VP1541
+ - Biostar M5ALA
+ - Gigabyte GA-5AX (Generally doesn't work because the BIOS doesn't
+ enable the 7101 device!)
+ - Iwill XA100 Plus
+ - Micronics C200
+ - Microstar (MSI) MS-5169
+
+ * "Aladdin IV" includes the M1541 Socket 7 North bridge
+ with host bus up to 83.3 MHz.
+
+For an overview of these chips see http://www.acerlabs.com. At this time the
+full data sheets on the web site are password protected, however if you
+contact the ALI office in San Jose they may give you the password.
+
+The M1533/M1543C devices appear as FOUR separate devices on the PCI bus. An
+output of lspci will show something similar to the following::
+
+ 00:02.0 USB Controller: Acer Laboratories Inc. M5237 (rev 03)
+ 00:03.0 Bridge: Acer Laboratories Inc. M7101 <= THIS IS THE ONE WE NEED
+ 00:07.0 ISA bridge: Acer Laboratories Inc. M1533 (rev c3)
+ 00:0f.0 IDE interface: Acer Laboratories Inc. M5229 (rev c1)
+
+.. important::
+
+ If you have a M1533 or M1543C on the board and you get
+ "ali15x3: Error: Can't detect ali15x3!"
+ then run lspci.
+
+ If you see the 1533 and 5229 devices but NOT the 7101 device,
+ then you must enable ACPI, the PMU, SMB, or something similar
+ in the BIOS.
+
+ The driver won't work if it can't find the M7101 device.
+
+The SMB controller is part of the M7101 device, which is an ACPI-compliant
+Power Management Unit (PMU).
+
+The whole M7101 device has to be enabled for the SMB to work. You can't
+just enable the SMB alone. The SMB and the ACPI have separate I/O spaces.
+We make sure that the SMB is enabled. We leave the ACPI alone.
+
+Features
+--------
+
+This driver controls the SMB Host only. The SMB Slave
+controller on the M15X3 is not enabled. This driver does not use
+interrupts.
+
+
+Issues
+------
+
+This driver requests the I/O space for only the SMB
+registers. It doesn't use the ACPI region.
+
+On the ASUS P5A motherboard, there are several reports that
+the SMBus will hang and this can only be resolved by
+powering off the computer. It appears to be worse when the board
+gets hot, for example under heavy CPU load, or in the summer.
+There may be electrical problems on this board.
+On the P5A, the W83781D sensor chip is on both the ISA and
+SMBus. Therefore the SMBus hangs can generally be avoided
+by accessing the W83781D on the ISA bus only.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd-mp2.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd-mp2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebc2fa899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd-mp2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-amd-mp2
+=========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * AMD MP2 PCIe interface
+
+Datasheet: not publicly available.
+
+Authors:
+ - Shyam Sundar S K <Shyam-sundar.S-k@amd.com>
+ - Nehal Shah <nehal-bakulchandra.shah@amd.com>
+ - Elie Morisse <syniurge@gmail.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The MP2 is an ARM processor programmed as an I2C controller and communicating
+with the x86 host through PCI.
+
+If you see something like this::
+
+ 03:00.7 MP2 I2C controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 15e6
+
+in your ``lspci -v``, then this driver is for your device.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd756.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd756.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc93f392a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd756.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+========================
+Kernel driver i2c-amd756
+========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * AMD 756
+ * AMD 766
+ * AMD 768
+ * AMD 8111
+
+ Datasheets: Publicly available on AMD website
+
+ * nVidia nForce
+
+ Datasheet: Unavailable
+
+Authors:
+ - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>,
+ - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This driver supports the AMD 756, 766, 768 and 8111 Peripheral Bus
+Controllers, and the nVidia nForce.
+
+Note that for the 8111, there are two SMBus adapters. The SMBus 1.0 adapter
+is supported by this driver, and the SMBus 2.0 adapter is supported by the
+i2c-amd8111 driver.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd8111.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd8111.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d08bf0a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd8111.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-adm8111
+=========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 PCI interface
+
+Datasheets:
+ AMD datasheet not yet available, but almost everything can be found
+ in the publicly available ACPI 2.0 specification, which the adapter
+ follows.
+
+Author: Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+If you see something like this::
+
+ 00:07.2 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 (rev 02)
+ Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0
+ Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 19
+ I/O ports at d400 [size=32]
+
+in your ``lspci -v``, then this driver is for your chipset.
+
+Process Call Support
+--------------------
+
+Supported.
+
+SMBus 2.0 Support
+-----------------
+
+Supported. Both PEC and block process call support is implemented. Slave
+mode or host notification are not yet implemented.
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+Note that for the 8111, there are two SMBus adapters. The SMBus 2.0 adapter
+is supported by this driver, and the SMBus 1.0 adapter is supported by the
+i2c-amd756 driver.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-diolan-u2c.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-diolan-u2c.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c18cbdcdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-diolan-u2c.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+============================
+Kernel driver i2c-diolan-u2c
+============================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Diolan U2C-12 I2C-USB adapter
+
+ Documentation:
+ http://www.diolan.com/i2c/u2c12.html
+
+Author: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This is the driver for the Diolan U2C-12 USB-I2C adapter.
+
+The Diolan U2C-12 I2C-USB Adapter provides a low cost solution to connect
+a computer to I2C slave devices using a USB interface. It also supports
+connectivity to SPI devices.
+
+This driver only supports the I2C interface of U2C-12. The driver does not use
+interrupts.
+
+
+Module parameters
+-----------------
+
+* frequency: I2C bus frequency
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab9e850e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+======================
+Kernel driver i2c-i801
+======================
+
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Intel 82801AA and 82801AB (ICH and ICH0 - part of the
+ '810' and '810E' chipsets)
+ * Intel 82801BA (ICH2 - part of the '815E' chipset)
+ * Intel 82801CA/CAM (ICH3)
+ * Intel 82801DB (ICH4) (HW PEC supported)
+ * Intel 82801EB/ER (ICH5) (HW PEC supported)
+ * Intel 6300ESB
+ * Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6)
+ * Intel 82801G (ICH7)
+ * Intel 631xESB/632xESB (ESB2)
+ * Intel 82801H (ICH8)
+ * Intel 82801I (ICH9)
+ * Intel EP80579 (Tolapai)
+ * Intel 82801JI (ICH10)
+ * Intel 5/3400 Series (PCH)
+ * Intel 6 Series (PCH)
+ * Intel Patsburg (PCH)
+ * Intel DH89xxCC (PCH)
+ * Intel Panther Point (PCH)
+ * Intel Lynx Point (PCH)
+ * Intel Avoton (SOC)
+ * Intel Wellsburg (PCH)
+ * Intel Coleto Creek (PCH)
+ * Intel Wildcat Point (PCH)
+ * Intel BayTrail (SOC)
+ * Intel Braswell (SOC)
+ * Intel Sunrise Point (PCH)
+ * Intel Kaby Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel DNV (SOC)
+ * Intel Broxton (SOC)
+ * Intel Lewisburg (PCH)
+ * Intel Gemini Lake (SOC)
+ * Intel Cannon Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel Cedar Fork (PCH)
+ * Intel Ice Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel Comet Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel Elkhart Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel Tiger Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel Jasper Lake (SOC)
+ * Intel Emmitsburg (PCH)
+ * Intel Alder Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel Raptor Lake (PCH)
+ * Intel Meteor Lake (SOC)
+
+ Datasheets: Publicly available at the Intel website
+
+On Intel Patsburg and later chipsets, both the normal host SMBus controller
+and the additional 'Integrated Device Function' controllers are supported.
+
+Authors:
+ - Mark Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>
+ - Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
+
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+* disable_features (bit vector)
+
+Disable selected features normally supported by the device. This makes it
+possible to work around possible driver or hardware bugs if the feature in
+question doesn't work as intended for whatever reason. Bit values:
+
+ ==== =========================================
+ 0x01 disable SMBus PEC
+ 0x02 disable the block buffer
+ 0x08 disable the I2C block read functionality
+ 0x10 don't use interrupts
+ 0x20 disable SMBus Host Notify
+ ==== =========================================
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The ICH (properly known as the 82801AA), ICH0 (82801AB), ICH2 (82801BA),
+ICH3 (82801CA/CAM) and later devices (PCH) are Intel chips that are a part of
+Intel's '810' chipset for Celeron-based PCs, '810E' chipset for
+Pentium-based PCs, '815E' chipset, and others.
+
+The ICH chips contain at least SEVEN separate PCI functions in TWO logical
+PCI devices. An output of lspci will show something similar to the
+following::
+
+ 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation: Unknown device 2418 (rev 01)
+ 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation: Unknown device 2410 (rev 01)
+ 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation: Unknown device 2411 (rev 01)
+ 00:1f.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation: Unknown device 2412 (rev 01)
+ 00:1f.3 Unknown class [0c05]: Intel Corporation: Unknown device 2413 (rev 01)
+
+The SMBus controller is function 3 in device 1f. Class 0c05 is SMBus Serial
+Controller.
+
+The ICH chips are quite similar to Intel's PIIX4 chip, at least in the
+SMBus controller.
+
+
+Process Call Support
+--------------------
+
+Block process call is supported on the 82801EB (ICH5) and later chips.
+
+
+I2C Block Read Support
+----------------------
+
+I2C block read is supported on the 82801EB (ICH5) and later chips.
+
+
+SMBus 2.0 Support
+-----------------
+
+The 82801DB (ICH4) and later chips support several SMBus 2.0 features.
+
+
+Interrupt Support
+-----------------
+
+PCI interrupt support is supported on the 82801EB (ICH5) and later chips.
+
+
+Hidden ICH SMBus
+----------------
+
+If your system has an Intel ICH south bridge, but you do NOT see the
+SMBus device at 00:1f.3 in lspci, and you can't figure out any way in the
+BIOS to enable it, it means it has been hidden by the BIOS code. Asus is
+well known for first doing this on their P4B motherboard, and many other
+boards after that. Some vendor machines are affected as well.
+
+The first thing to try is the "i2c-scmi" ACPI driver. It could be that the
+SMBus was hidden on purpose because it'll be driven by ACPI. If the
+i2c-scmi driver works for you, just forget about the i2c-i801 driver and
+don't try to unhide the ICH SMBus. Even if i2c-scmi doesn't work, you
+better make sure that the SMBus isn't used by the ACPI code. Try loading
+the "fan" and "thermal" drivers, and check in /sys/class/thermal. If you
+find a thermal zone with type "acpitz", it's likely that the ACPI is
+accessing the SMBus and it's safer not to unhide it. Only once you are
+certain that ACPI isn't using the SMBus, you can attempt to unhide it.
+
+In order to unhide the SMBus, we need to change the value of a PCI
+register before the kernel enumerates the PCI devices. This is done in
+drivers/pci/quirks.c, where all affected boards must be listed (see
+function asus_hides_smbus_hostbridge.) If the SMBus device is missing,
+and you think there's something interesting on the SMBus (e.g. a
+hardware monitoring chip), you need to add your board to the list.
+
+The motherboard is identified using the subvendor and subdevice IDs of the
+host bridge PCI device. Get yours with ``lspci -n -v -s 00:00.0``::
+
+ 00:00.0 Class 0600: 8086:2570 (rev 02)
+ Subsystem: 1043:80f2
+ Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
+ Memory at fc000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
+ Capabilities: [e4] #09 [2106]
+ Capabilities: [a0] AGP version 3.0
+
+Here the host bridge ID is 2570 (82865G/PE/P), the subvendor ID is 1043
+(Asus) and the subdevice ID is 80f2 (P4P800-X). You can find the symbolic
+names for the bridge ID and the subvendor ID in include/linux/pci_ids.h,
+and then add a case for your subdevice ID at the right place in
+drivers/pci/quirks.c. Then please give it very good testing, to make sure
+that the unhidden SMBus doesn't conflict with e.g. ACPI.
+
+If it works, proves useful (i.e. there are usable chips on the SMBus)
+and seems safe, please submit a patch for inclusion into the kernel.
+
+Note: There's a useful script in lm_sensors 2.10.2 and later, named
+unhide_ICH_SMBus (in prog/hotplug), which uses the fakephp driver to
+temporarily unhide the SMBus without having to patch and recompile your
+kernel. It's very convenient if you just want to check if there's
+anything interesting on your hidden ICH SMBus.
+
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The lm_sensors project gratefully acknowledges the support of Texas
+Instruments in the initial development of this driver.
+
+The lm_sensors project gratefully acknowledges the support of Intel in the
+development of SMBus 2.0 / ICH4 features of this driver.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ismt.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ismt.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e74919a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ismt.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+======================
+Kernel driver i2c-ismt
+======================
+
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Intel S12xx series SOCs
+
+Authors:
+ Bill Brown <bill.e.brown@intel.com>
+
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+* bus_speed (unsigned int)
+
+Allows changing of the bus speed. Normally, the bus speed is set by the BIOS
+and never needs to be changed. However, some SMBus analyzers are too slow for
+monitoring the bus during debug, thus the need for this module parameter.
+Specify the bus speed in kHz.
+
+Available bus frequency settings:
+
+ ==== =========
+ 0 no change
+ 80 kHz
+ 100 kHz
+ 400 kHz
+ 1000 kHz
+ ==== =========
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The S12xx series of SOCs have a pair of integrated SMBus 2.0 controllers
+targeted primarily at the microserver and storage markets.
+
+The S12xx series contain a pair of PCI functions. An output of lspci will show
+something similar to the following::
+
+ 00:13.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Centerton SMBus 2.0 Controller 0
+ 00:13.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Centerton SMBus 2.0 Controller 1
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-mlxcpld.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-mlxcpld.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a0b2916a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-mlxcpld.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+==================
+Driver i2c-mlxcpld
+==================
+
+Author: Michael Shych <michaelsh@mellanox.com>
+
+This is the Mellanox I2C controller logic, implemented in Lattice CPLD
+device.
+
+Device supports:
+ - Master mode.
+ - One physical bus.
+ - Polling mode.
+
+This controller is equipped within the next Mellanox systems:
+"msx6710", "msx6720", "msb7700", "msn2700", "msx1410", "msn2410", "msb7800",
+"msn2740", "msn2100".
+
+The next transaction types are supported:
+ - Receive Byte/Block.
+ - Send Byte/Block.
+ - Read Byte/Block.
+ - Write Byte/Block.
+
+Registers:
+
+=============== === =======================================================================
+CPBLTY 0x0 - capability reg.
+ Bits [6:5] - transaction length. b01 - 72B is supported,
+ 36B in other case.
+ Bit 7 - SMBus block read support.
+CTRL 0x1 - control reg.
+ Resets all the registers.
+HALF_CYC 0x4 - cycle reg.
+ Configure the width of I2C SCL half clock cycle (in 4 LPC_CLK
+ units).
+I2C_HOLD 0x5 - hold reg.
+ OE (output enable) is delayed by value set to this register
+ (in LPC_CLK units)
+CMD 0x6 - command reg.
+ Bit 0, 0 = write, 1 = read.
+ Bits [7:1] - the 7bit Address of the I2C device.
+ It should be written last as it triggers an I2C transaction.
+NUM_DATA 0x7 - data size reg.
+ Number of data bytes to write in read transaction
+NUM_ADDR 0x8 - address reg.
+ Number of address bytes to write in read transaction.
+STATUS 0x9 - status reg.
+ Bit 0 - transaction is completed.
+ Bit 4 - ACK/NACK.
+DATAx 0xa - 0x54 - 68 bytes data buffer regs.
+ For write transaction address is specified in four first bytes
+ (DATA1 - DATA4), data starting from DATA4.
+ For read transactions address is sent in a separate transaction and
+ specified in the four first bytes (DATA0 - DATA3). Data is read
+ starting from DATA0.
+=============== === =======================================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nforce2.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nforce2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..831814452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nforce2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-nforce2
+=========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * nForce2 MCP 10de:0064
+ * nForce2 Ultra 400 MCP 10de:0084
+ * nForce3 Pro150 MCP 10de:00D4
+ * nForce3 250Gb MCP 10de:00E4
+ * nForce4 MCP 10de:0052
+ * nForce4 MCP-04 10de:0034
+ * nForce MCP51 10de:0264
+ * nForce MCP55 10de:0368
+ * nForce MCP61 10de:03EB
+ * nForce MCP65 10de:0446
+ * nForce MCP67 10de:0542
+ * nForce MCP73 10de:07D8
+ * nForce MCP78S 10de:0752
+ * nForce MCP79 10de:0AA2
+
+Datasheet:
+ not publicly available, but seems to be similar to the
+ AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 adapter.
+
+Authors:
+ - Hans-Frieder Vogt <hfvogt@gmx.net>,
+ - Thomas Leibold <thomas@plx.com>,
+ - Patrick Dreker <patrick@dreker.de>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+i2c-nforce2 is a driver for the SMBuses included in the nVidia nForce2 MCP.
+
+If your ``lspci -v`` listing shows something like the following::
+
+ 00:01.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation: Unknown device 0064 (rev a2)
+ Subsystem: Asustek Computer, Inc.: Unknown device 0c11
+ Flags: 66Mhz, fast devsel, IRQ 5
+ I/O ports at c000 [size=32]
+ Capabilities: <available only to root>
+
+then this driver should support the SMBuses of your motherboard.
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+The SMBus adapter in the nForce2 chipset seems to be very similar to the
+SMBus 2.0 adapter in the AMD-8111 south bridge. However, I could only get
+the driver to work with direct I/O access, which is different to the EC
+interface of the AMD-8111. Tested on Asus A7N8X. The ACPI DSDT table of the
+Asus A7N8X lists two SMBuses, both of which are supported by this driver.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nvidia-gpu.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nvidia-gpu.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38fb8a4c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nvidia-gpu.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+============================
+Kernel driver i2c-nvidia-gpu
+============================
+
+Datasheet: not publicly available.
+
+Authors:
+ Ajay Gupta <ajayg@nvidia.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+i2c-nvidia-gpu is a driver for I2C controller included in NVIDIA Turing
+and later GPUs and it is used to communicate with Type-C controller on GPUs.
+
+If your ``lspci -v`` listing shows something like the following::
+
+ 01:00.3 Serial bus controller [0c80]: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1ad9 (rev a1)
+
+then this driver should support the I2C controller of your GPU.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ocores.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ocores.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5e175f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ocores.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+========================
+Kernel driver i2c-ocores
+========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * OpenCores.org I2C controller by Richard Herveille (see datasheet link)
+ https://opencores.org/project/i2c/overview
+
+Author: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+i2c-ocores is an i2c bus driver for the OpenCores.org I2C controller
+IP core by Richard Herveille.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+i2c-ocores uses the platform bus, so you need to provide a struct
+platform_device with the base address and interrupt number. The
+dev.platform_data of the device should also point to a struct
+ocores_i2c_platform_data (see linux/platform_data/i2c-ocores.h) describing the
+distance between registers and the input clock speed.
+There is also a possibility to attach a list of i2c_board_info which
+the i2c-ocores driver will add to the bus upon creation.
+
+E.G. something like::
+
+ static struct resource ocores_resources[] = {
+ [0] = {
+ .start = MYI2C_BASEADDR,
+ .end = MYI2C_BASEADDR + 8,
+ .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
+ },
+ [1] = {
+ .start = MYI2C_IRQ,
+ .end = MYI2C_IRQ,
+ .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
+ },
+ };
+
+ /* optional board info */
+ struct i2c_board_info ocores_i2c_board_info[] = {
+ {
+ I2C_BOARD_INFO("tsc2003", 0x48),
+ .platform_data = &tsc2003_platform_data,
+ .irq = TSC_IRQ
+ },
+ {
+ I2C_BOARD_INFO("adv7180", 0x42 >> 1),
+ .irq = ADV_IRQ
+ }
+ };
+
+ static struct ocores_i2c_platform_data myi2c_data = {
+ .regstep = 2, /* two bytes between registers */
+ .clock_khz = 50000, /* input clock of 50MHz */
+ .devices = ocores_i2c_board_info, /* optional table of devices */
+ .num_devices = ARRAY_SIZE(ocores_i2c_board_info), /* table size */
+ };
+
+ static struct platform_device myi2c = {
+ .name = "ocores-i2c",
+ .dev = {
+ .platform_data = &myi2c_data,
+ },
+ .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(ocores_resources),
+ .resource = ocores_resources,
+ };
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9b4e8133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-parport
+=========================
+
+Author: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
+
+This is a unified driver for several i2c-over-parallel-port adapters,
+such as the ones made by Philips, Velleman or ELV. This driver is
+meant as a replacement for the older, individual drivers:
+
+ * i2c-philips-par
+ * i2c-elv
+ * i2c-velleman
+ * video/i2c-parport
+ (NOT the same as this one, dedicated to home brew teletext adapters)
+
+It currently supports the following devices:
+
+ * (type=0) Philips adapter
+ * (type=1) home brew teletext adapter
+ * (type=2) Velleman K8000 adapter
+ * (type=3) ELV adapter
+ * (type=4) Analog Devices ADM1032 evaluation board
+ * (type=5) Analog Devices evaluation boards: ADM1025, ADM1030, ADM1031
+ * (type=6) Barco LPT->DVI (K5800236) adapter
+ * (type=7) One For All JP1 parallel port adapter
+ * (type=8) VCT-jig
+
+These devices use different pinout configurations, so you have to tell
+the driver what you have, using the type module parameter. There is no
+way to autodetect the devices. Support for different pinout configurations
+can be easily added when needed.
+
+Earlier kernels defaulted to type=0 (Philips). But now, if the type
+parameter is missing, the driver will simply fail to initialize.
+
+SMBus alert support is available on adapters which have this line properly
+connected to the parallel port's interrupt pin.
+
+
+Building your own adapter
+-------------------------
+
+If you want to build you own i2c-over-parallel-port adapter, here is
+a sample electronics schema (credits go to Sylvain Munaut)::
+
+ Device PC
+ Side ___________________Vdd (+) Side
+ | | |
+ --- --- ---
+ | | | | | |
+ |R| |R| |R|
+ | | | | | |
+ --- --- ---
+ | | |
+ | | /| |
+ SCL ----------x--------o |-----------x------------------- pin 2
+ | \| | |
+ | | |
+ | |\ | |
+ SDA ----------x----x---| o---x--------------------------- pin 13
+ | |/ |
+ | |
+ | /| |
+ ---------o |----------------x-------------- pin 3
+ \| | |
+ | |
+ --- ---
+ | | | |
+ |R| |R|
+ | | | |
+ --- ---
+ | |
+ ### ###
+ GND GND
+
+Remarks:
+ - This is the exact pinout and electronics used on the Analog Devices
+ evaluation boards.
+ - All inverters::
+
+ /|
+ -o |-
+ \|
+
+ must be 74HC05, they must be open collector output.
+ - All resitors are 10k.
+ - Pins 18-25 of the parallel port connected to GND.
+ - Pins 4-9 (D2-D7) could be used as VDD is the driver drives them high.
+ The ADM1032 evaluation board uses D4-D7. Beware that the amount of
+ current you can draw from the parallel port is limited. Also note that
+ all connected lines MUST BE driven at the same state, else you'll short
+ circuit the output buffers! So plugging the I2C adapter after loading
+ the i2c-parport module might be a good safety since data line state
+ prior to init may be unknown.
+ - This is 5V!
+ - Obviously you cannot read SCL (so it's not really standard-compliant).
+ Pretty easy to add, just copy the SDA part and use another input pin.
+ That would give (ELV compatible pinout)::
+
+
+ Device PC
+ Side ______________________________Vdd (+) Side
+ | | | |
+ --- --- --- ---
+ | | | | | | | |
+ |R| |R| |R| |R|
+ | | | | | | | |
+ --- --- --- ---
+ | | | |
+ | | |\ | |
+ SCL ----------x--------x--| o---x------------------------ pin 15
+ | | |/ |
+ | | |
+ | | /| |
+ | ---o |-------------x-------------- pin 2
+ | \| | |
+ | | |
+ | | |
+ | |\ | |
+ SDA ---------------x---x--| o--------x------------------- pin 10
+ | |/ |
+ | |
+ | /| |
+ ---o |------------------x--------- pin 3
+ \| | |
+ | |
+ --- ---
+ | | | |
+ |R| |R|
+ | | | |
+ --- ---
+ | |
+ ### ###
+ GND GND
+
+
+If possible, you should use the same pinout configuration as existing
+adapters do, so you won't even have to change the code.
+
+
+Similar (but different) drivers
+-------------------------------
+
+This driver is NOT the same as the i2c-pport driver found in the i2c
+package. The i2c-pport driver makes use of modern parallel port features so
+that you don't need additional electronics. It has other restrictions
+however, and was not ported to Linux 2.6 (yet).
+
+This driver is also NOT the same as the i2c-pcf-epp driver found in the
+lm_sensors package. The i2c-pcf-epp driver doesn't use the parallel port as
+an I2C bus directly. Instead, it uses it to control an external I2C bus
+master. That driver was not ported to Linux 2.6 (yet) either.
+
+
+Legacy documentation for Velleman adapter
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Useful links:
+
+- Velleman http://www.velleman.be/
+- Velleman K8000 Howto http://howto.htlw16.ac.at/k8000-howto.html
+
+The project has lead to new libs for the Velleman K8000 and K8005:
+
+ LIBK8000 v1.99.1 and LIBK8005 v0.21
+
+With these libs, you can control the K8000 interface card and the K8005
+stepper motor card with the simple commands which are in the original
+Velleman software, like SetIOchannel, ReadADchannel, SendStepCCWFull and
+many more, using /dev/velleman.
+
+ - http://home.wanadoo.nl/hihihi/libk8000.htm
+ - http://home.wanadoo.nl/hihihi/libk8005.htm
+ - http://struyve.mine.nu:8080/index.php?block=k8000
+ - http://sourceforge.net/projects/libk8005/
+
+
+One For All JP1 parallel port adapter
+-------------------------------------
+
+The JP1 project revolves around a set of remote controls which expose
+the I2C bus their internal configuration EEPROM lives on via a 6 pin
+jumper in the battery compartment. More details can be found at:
+
+http://www.hifi-remote.com/jp1/
+
+Details of the simple parallel port hardware can be found at:
+
+http://www.hifi-remote.com/jp1/hardware.shtml
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a254010c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-pca-isa
+=========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+
+This driver supports ISA boards using the Philips PCA 9564
+Parallel bus to I2C bus controller
+
+Author: Ian Campbell <icampbell@arcom.com>, Arcom Control Systems
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+* base int
+ I/O base address
+* irq int
+ IRQ interrupt
+* clock int
+ Clock rate as described in table 1 of PCA9564 datasheet
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This driver supports ISA boards using the Philips PCA 9564
+Parallel bus to I2C bus controller
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07fe6f6f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+=======================
+Kernel driver i2c-piix4
+=======================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Intel 82371AB PIIX4 and PIIX4E
+ * Intel 82443MX (440MX)
+ Datasheet: Publicly available at the Intel website
+ * ServerWorks OSB4, CSB5, CSB6, HT-1000 and HT-1100 southbridges
+ Datasheet: Only available via NDA from ServerWorks
+ * ATI IXP200, IXP300, IXP400, SB600, SB700 and SB800 southbridges
+ Datasheet: Not publicly available
+ SB700 register reference available at:
+ http://support.amd.com/us/Embedded_TechDocs/43009_sb7xx_rrg_pub_1.00.pdf
+ * AMD SP5100 (SB700 derivative found on some server mainboards)
+ Datasheet: Publicly available at the AMD website
+ http://support.amd.com/us/Embedded_TechDocs/44413.pdf
+ * AMD Hudson-2, ML, CZ
+ Datasheet: Not publicly available
+ * Hygon CZ
+ Datasheet: Not publicly available
+ * Standard Microsystems (SMSC) SLC90E66 (Victory66) southbridge
+ Datasheet: Publicly available at the SMSC website http://www.smsc.com
+
+Authors:
+ - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>
+ - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>
+
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+* force: int
+ Forcibly enable the PIIX4. DANGEROUS!
+* force_addr: int
+ Forcibly enable the PIIX4 at the given address. EXTREMELY DANGEROUS!
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The PIIX4 (properly known as the 82371AB) is an Intel chip with a lot of
+functionality. Among other things, it implements the PCI bus. One of its
+minor functions is implementing a System Management Bus. This is a true
+SMBus - you can not access it on I2C levels. The good news is that it
+natively understands SMBus commands and you do not have to worry about
+timing problems. The bad news is that non-SMBus devices connected to it can
+confuse it mightily. Yes, this is known to happen...
+
+Do ``lspci -v`` and see whether it contains an entry like this::
+
+ 0000:00:02.3 Bridge: Intel Corp. 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 02)
+ Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 9
+
+Bus and device numbers may differ, but the function number must be
+identical (like many PCI devices, the PIIX4 incorporates a number of
+different 'functions', which can be considered as separate devices). If you
+find such an entry, you have a PIIX4 SMBus controller.
+
+On some computers (most notably, some Dells), the SMBus is disabled by
+default. If you use the insmod parameter 'force=1', the kernel module will
+try to enable it. THIS IS VERY DANGEROUS! If the BIOS did not set up a
+correct address for this module, you could get in big trouble (read:
+crashes, data corruption, etc.). Try this only as a last resort (try BIOS
+updates first, for example), and backup first! An even more dangerous
+option is 'force_addr=<IOPORT>'. This will not only enable the PIIX4 like
+'force' does, but it will also set a new base I/O port address. The SMBus
+parts of the PIIX4 needs a range of 8 of these addresses to function
+correctly. If these addresses are already reserved by some other device,
+you will get into big trouble! DON'T USE THIS IF YOU ARE NOT VERY SURE
+ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE DOING!
+
+The PIIX4E is just an new version of the PIIX4; it is supported as well.
+The PIIX/PIIX3 does not implement an SMBus or I2C bus, so you can't use
+this driver on those mainboards.
+
+The ServerWorks Southbridges, the Intel 440MX, and the Victory66 are
+identical to the PIIX4 in I2C/SMBus support.
+
+The AMD SB700, SB800, SP5100 and Hudson-2 chipsets implement two
+PIIX4-compatible SMBus controllers. If your BIOS initializes the
+secondary controller, it will be detected by this driver as
+an "Auxiliary SMBus Host Controller".
+
+If you own Force CPCI735 motherboard or other OSB4 based systems you may need
+to change the SMBus Interrupt Select register so the SMBus controller uses
+the SMI mode.
+
+1) Use ``lspci`` command and locate the PCI device with the SMBus controller:
+ 00:0f.0 ISA bridge: ServerWorks OSB4 South Bridge (rev 4f)
+ The line may vary for different chipsets. Please consult the driver source
+ for all possible PCI ids (and ``lspci -n`` to match them). Let's assume the
+ device is located at 00:0f.0.
+2) Now you just need to change the value in 0xD2 register. Get it first with
+ command: ``lspci -xxx -s 00:0f.0``
+ If the value is 0x3 then you need to change it to 0x1:
+ ``setpci -s 00:0f.0 d2.b=1``
+
+Please note that you don't need to do that in all cases, just when the SMBus is
+not working properly.
+
+
+Hardware-specific issues
+------------------------
+
+This driver will refuse to load on IBM systems with an Intel PIIX4 SMBus.
+Some of these machines have an RFID EEPROM (24RF08) connected to the SMBus,
+which can easily get corrupted due to a state machine bug. These are mostly
+Thinkpad laptops, but desktop systems may also be affected. We have no list
+of all affected systems, so the only safe solution was to prevent access to
+the SMBus on all IBM systems (detected using DMI data.)
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b85630c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+=========================
+Kernel driver i2c-sis5595
+=========================
+
+Authors:
+ - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>,
+ - Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>,
+ - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. SiS5595 Southbridge
+ Datasheet: Publicly available at the Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. site.
+
+Note: all have mfr. ID 0x1039.
+
+ ========= ======
+ SUPPORTED PCI ID
+ ========= ======
+ 5595 0008
+ ========= ======
+
+ Note: these chips contain a 0008 device which is incompatible with the
+ 5595. We recognize these by the presence of the listed
+ "blacklist" PCI ID and refuse to load.
+
+ ============= ====== ================
+ NOT SUPPORTED PCI ID BLACKLIST PCI ID
+ ============= ====== ================
+ 540 0008 0540
+ 550 0008 0550
+ 5513 0008 5511
+ 5581 0008 5597
+ 5582 0008 5597
+ 5597 0008 5597
+ 5598 0008 5597/5598
+ 630 0008 0630
+ 645 0008 0645
+ 646 0008 0646
+ 648 0008 0648
+ 650 0008 0650
+ 651 0008 0651
+ 730 0008 0730
+ 735 0008 0735
+ 745 0008 0745
+ 746 0008 0746
+ ============= ====== ================
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+================== =====================================================
+force_addr=0xaddr Set the I/O base address. Useful for boards
+ that don't set the address in the BIOS. Does not do a
+ PCI force; the device must still be present in lspci.
+ Don't use this unless the driver complains that the
+ base address is not set.
+================== =====================================================
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+i2c-sis5595 is a true SMBus host driver for motherboards with the SiS5595
+southbridges.
+
+WARNING: If you are trying to access the integrated sensors on the SiS5595
+chip, you want the sis5595 driver for those, not this driver. This driver
+is a BUS driver, not a CHIP driver. A BUS driver is used by other CHIP
+drivers to access chips on the bus.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fcd74b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+========================
+Kernel driver i2c-sis630
+========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * Silicon Integrated Systems Corp (SiS)
+ 630 chipset (Datasheet: available at http://www.sfr-fresh.com/linux)
+ 730 chipset
+ 964 chipset
+ * Possible other SiS chipsets ?
+
+Author:
+ - Alexander Malysh <amalysh@web.de>
+ - Amaury Decrême <amaury.decreme@gmail.com> - SiS964 support
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+================== =====================================================
+force = [1|0] Forcibly enable the SIS630. DANGEROUS!
+ This can be interesting for chipsets not named
+ above to check if it works for you chipset,
+ but DANGEROUS!
+
+high_clock = [1|0] Forcibly set Host Master Clock to 56KHz (default,
+ what your BIOS use). DANGEROUS! This should be a bit
+ faster, but freeze some systems (i.e. my Laptop).
+ SIS630/730 chip only.
+================== =====================================================
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This SMBus only driver is known to work on motherboards with the above
+named chipsets.
+
+If you see something like this::
+
+ 00:00.0 Host bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 630 Host (rev 31)
+ 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 85C503/5513
+
+or like this::
+
+ 00:00.0 Host bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 730 Host (rev 02)
+ 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 85C503/5513
+
+or like this::
+
+ 00:00.0 Host bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 760/M760 Host (rev 02)
+ 00:02.0 ISA bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SiS964 [MuTIOL Media IO]
+ LPC Controller (rev 36)
+
+in your ``lspci`` output , then this driver is for your chipset.
+
+Thank You
+---------
+Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>
+- testing SiS730 support
+Mark M. Hoffman <mhoffman@lightlink.com>
+- bug fixes
+
+To anyone else which I forgot here ;), thanks!
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..437cc1d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+========================
+Kernel driver i2c-sis96x
+========================
+
+Replaces 2.4.x i2c-sis645
+
+Supported adapters:
+
+ * Silicon Integrated Systems Corp (SiS)
+
+ Any combination of these host bridges:
+ 645, 645DX (aka 646), 648, 650, 651, 655, 735, 745, 746
+
+ and these south bridges:
+ 961, 962, 963(L)
+
+Author: Mark M. Hoffman <mhoffman@lightlink.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This SMBus only driver is known to work on motherboards with the above
+named chipset combinations. The driver was developed without benefit of a
+proper datasheet from SiS. The SMBus registers are assumed compatible with
+those of the SiS630, although they are located in a completely different
+place. Thanks to Alexander Malysh <amalysh@web.de> for providing the
+SiS630 datasheet (and driver).
+
+The command ``lspci`` as root should produce something like these lines::
+
+ 00:00.0 Host bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS]: Unknown device 0645
+ 00:02.0 ISA bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 85C503/5513
+ 00:02.1 SMBus: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS]: Unknown device 0016
+
+or perhaps this::
+
+ 00:00.0 Host bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS]: Unknown device 0645
+ 00:02.0 ISA bridge: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS]: Unknown device 0961
+ 00:02.1 SMBus: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS]: Unknown device 0016
+
+(kernel versions later than 2.4.18 may fill in the "Unknown"s)
+
+If you can't see it please look on quirk_sis_96x_smbus
+(drivers/pci/quirks.c) (also if southbridge detection fails)
+
+I suspect that this driver could be made to work for the following SiS
+chipsets as well: 635, and 635T. If anyone owns a board with those chips
+AND is willing to risk crashing & burning an otherwise well-behaved kernel
+in the name of progress... please contact me at <mhoffman@lightlink.com> or
+via the linux-i2c mailing list: <linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org>. Please send bug
+reports and/or success stories as well.
+
+
+TO DOs
+------
+
+* The driver does not support SMBus block reads/writes; I may add them if a
+ scenario is found where they're needed.
+
+
+Thank You
+---------
+
+Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>
+ - design hints and bug fixes
+
+Alexander Maylsh <amalysh@web.de>
+ - ditto, plus an important datasheet... almost the one I really wanted
+
+Hans-Günter Lütke Uphues <hg_lu@t-online.de>
+ - patch for SiS735
+
+Robert Zwerus <arzie@dds.nl>
+ - testing for SiS645DX
+
+Kianusch Sayah Karadji <kianusch@sk-tech.net>
+ - patch for SiS645DX/962
+
+Ken Healy
+ - patch for SiS655
+
+To anyone else who has written w/ feedback, thanks!
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-taos-evm.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-taos-evm.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f342e313e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-taos-evm.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+==========================
+Kernel driver i2c-taos-evm
+==========================
+
+Author: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
+
+This is a driver for the evaluation modules for TAOS I2C/SMBus chips.
+The modules include an SMBus master with limited capabilities, which can
+be controlled over the serial port. Virtually all evaluation modules
+are supported, but a few lines of code need to be added for each new
+module to instantiate the right I2C chip on the bus. Obviously, a driver
+for the chip in question is also needed.
+
+Currently supported devices are:
+
+* TAOS TSL2550 EVM
+
+For additional information on TAOS products, please see
+ http://www.taosinc.com/
+
+
+Using this driver
+-----------------
+
+In order to use this driver, you'll need the serport driver, and the
+inputattach tool, which is part of the input-utils package. The following
+commands will tell the kernel that you have a TAOS EVM on the first
+serial port::
+
+ # modprobe serport
+ # inputattach --taos-evm /dev/ttyS0
+
+
+Technical details
+-----------------
+
+Only 4 SMBus transaction types are supported by the TAOS evaluation
+modules:
+* Receive Byte
+* Send Byte
+* Read Byte
+* Write Byte
+
+The communication protocol is text-based and pretty simple. It is
+described in a PDF document on the CD which comes with the evaluation
+module. The communication is rather slow, because the serial port has
+to operate at 1200 bps. However, I don't think this is a big concern in
+practice, as these modules are meant for evaluation and testing only.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-via.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-via.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..846aa17d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-via.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+=====================
+Kernel driver i2c-via
+=====================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * VIA Technologies, InC. VT82C586B
+ Datasheet: Publicly available at the VIA website
+
+Author: Kyösti Mälkki <kmalkki@cc.hut.fi>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+i2c-via is an i2c bus driver for motherboards with VIA chipset.
+
+The following VIA pci chipsets are supported:
+ - MVP3, VP3, VP2/97, VPX/97
+ - others with South bridge VT82C586B
+
+Your ``lspci`` listing must show this ::
+
+ Bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82C586B ACPI (rev 10)
+
+Problems?
+---------
+
+ Q:
+ You have VT82C586B on the motherboard, but not in the listing.
+
+ A:
+ Go to your BIOS setup, section PCI devices or similar.
+ Turn USB support on, and try again.
+
+ Q:
+ No error messages, but still i2c doesn't seem to work.
+
+ A:
+ This can happen. This driver uses the pins VIA recommends in their
+ datasheets, but there are several ways the motherboard manufacturer
+ can actually wire the lines.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1762f0cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+========================
+Kernel driver i2c-viapro
+========================
+
+Supported adapters:
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82C596A/B
+ Datasheet: Sometimes available at the VIA website
+
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82C686A/B
+ Datasheet: Sometimes available at the VIA website
+
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A
+ Datasheet: available on request from VIA
+
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. VT8235, VT8237R, VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251
+ Datasheet: available on request and under NDA from VIA
+
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. CX700
+ Datasheet: available on request and under NDA from VIA
+
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820
+ Datasheet: available on http://linux.via.com.tw
+
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. VX855/VX875
+ Datasheet: available on http://linux.via.com.tw
+
+ * VIA Technologies, Inc. VX900
+ Datasheet: available on http://linux.via.com.tw
+
+Authors:
+ - Kyösti Mälkki <kmalkki@cc.hut.fi>,
+ - Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>,
+ - Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+* force: int
+ Forcibly enable the SMBus controller. DANGEROUS!
+* force_addr: int
+ Forcibly enable the SMBus at the given address. EXTREMELY DANGEROUS!
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+i2c-viapro is a true SMBus host driver for motherboards with one of the
+supported VIA south bridges.
+
+Your ``lspci -n`` listing must show one of these :
+
+ ================ ======================
+ device 1106:3050 (VT82C596A function 3)
+ device 1106:3051 (VT82C596B function 3)
+ device 1106:3057 (VT82C686 function 4)
+ device 1106:3074 (VT8233)
+ device 1106:3147 (VT8233A)
+ device 1106:8235 (VT8231 function 4)
+ device 1106:3177 (VT8235)
+ device 1106:3227 (VT8237R)
+ device 1106:3337 (VT8237A)
+ device 1106:3372 (VT8237S)
+ device 1106:3287 (VT8251)
+ device 1106:8324 (CX700)
+ device 1106:8353 (VX800/VX820)
+ device 1106:8409 (VX855/VX875)
+ device 1106:8410 (VX900)
+ ================ ======================
+
+If none of these show up, you should look in the BIOS for settings like
+enable ACPI / SMBus or even USB.
+
+Except for the oldest chips (VT82C596A/B, VT82C686A and most probably
+VT8231), this driver supports I2C block transactions. Such transactions
+are mainly useful to read from and write to EEPROMs.
+
+The CX700/VX800/VX820 additionally appears to support SMBus PEC, although
+this driver doesn't implement it yet.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/index.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e4077b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===============
+I2C Bus Drivers
+===============
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ i2c-ali1535
+ i2c-ali1563
+ i2c-ali15x3
+ i2c-amd756
+ i2c-amd8111
+ i2c-amd-mp2
+ i2c-diolan-u2c
+ i2c-i801
+ i2c-ismt
+ i2c-mlxcpld
+ i2c-nforce2
+ i2c-nvidia-gpu
+ i2c-ocores
+ i2c-parport
+ i2c-pca-isa
+ i2c-piix4
+ i2c-sis5595
+ i2c-sis630
+ i2c-sis96x
+ i2c-taos-evm
+ i2c-viapro
+ i2c-via
+ scx200_acb
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/scx200_acb.rst b/Documentation/i2c/busses/scx200_acb.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dc7c3525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/scx200_acb.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+========================
+Kernel driver scx200_acb
+========================
+
+Author: Christer Weinigel <wingel@nano-system.com>
+
+The driver supersedes the older, never merged driver named i2c-nscacb.
+
+Module Parameters
+-----------------
+
+* base: up to 4 ints
+ Base addresses for the ACCESS.bus controllers on SCx200 and SC1100 devices
+
+ By default the driver uses two base addresses 0x820 and 0x840.
+ If you want only one base address, specify the second as 0 so as to
+ override this default.
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+Enable the use of the ACCESS.bus controller on the Geode SCx200 and
+SC1100 processors and the CS5535 and CS5536 Geode companion devices.
+
+Device-specific notes
+---------------------
+
+The SC1100 WRAP boards are known to use base addresses 0x810 and 0x820.
+If the scx200_acb driver is built into the kernel, add the following
+parameter to your boot command line::
+
+ scx200_acb.base=0x810,0x820
+
+If the scx200_acb driver is built as a module, add the following line to
+a configuration file in /etc/modprobe.d/ instead::
+
+ options scx200_acb base=0x810,0x820
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/dev-interface.rst b/Documentation/i2c/dev-interface.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c277a8e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/dev-interface.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+============================================
+Implementing I2C device drivers in userspace
+============================================
+
+Usually, I2C devices are controlled by a kernel driver. But it is also
+possible to access all devices on an adapter from userspace, through
+the /dev interface. You need to load module i2c-dev for this.
+
+Each registered I2C adapter gets a number, counting from 0. You can
+examine /sys/class/i2c-dev/ to see what number corresponds to which adapter.
+Alternatively, you can run "i2cdetect -l" to obtain a formatted list of all
+I2C adapters present on your system at a given time. i2cdetect is part of
+the i2c-tools package.
+
+I2C device files are character device files with major device number 89
+and a minor device number corresponding to the number assigned as
+explained above. They should be called "i2c-%d" (i2c-0, i2c-1, ...,
+i2c-10, ...). All 256 minor device numbers are reserved for I2C.
+
+
+C example
+=========
+
+So let's say you want to access an I2C adapter from a C program.
+First, you need to include these two headers::
+
+ #include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
+ #include <i2c/smbus.h>
+
+Now, you have to decide which adapter you want to access. You should
+inspect /sys/class/i2c-dev/ or run "i2cdetect -l" to decide this.
+Adapter numbers are assigned somewhat dynamically, so you can not
+assume much about them. They can even change from one boot to the next.
+
+Next thing, open the device file, as follows::
+
+ int file;
+ int adapter_nr = 2; /* probably dynamically determined */
+ char filename[20];
+
+ snprintf(filename, 19, "/dev/i2c-%d", adapter_nr);
+ file = open(filename, O_RDWR);
+ if (file < 0) {
+ /* ERROR HANDLING; you can check errno to see what went wrong */
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+When you have opened the device, you must specify with what device
+address you want to communicate::
+
+ int addr = 0x40; /* The I2C address */
+
+ if (ioctl(file, I2C_SLAVE, addr) < 0) {
+ /* ERROR HANDLING; you can check errno to see what went wrong */
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+Well, you are all set up now. You can now use SMBus commands or plain
+I2C to communicate with your device. SMBus commands are preferred if
+the device supports them. Both are illustrated below::
+
+ __u8 reg = 0x10; /* Device register to access */
+ __s32 res;
+ char buf[10];
+
+ /* Using SMBus commands */
+ res = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(file, reg);
+ if (res < 0) {
+ /* ERROR HANDLING: I2C transaction failed */
+ } else {
+ /* res contains the read word */
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Using I2C Write, equivalent of
+ * i2c_smbus_write_word_data(file, reg, 0x6543)
+ */
+ buf[0] = reg;
+ buf[1] = 0x43;
+ buf[2] = 0x65;
+ if (write(file, buf, 3) != 3) {
+ /* ERROR HANDLING: I2C transaction failed */
+ }
+
+ /* Using I2C Read, equivalent of i2c_smbus_read_byte(file) */
+ if (read(file, buf, 1) != 1) {
+ /* ERROR HANDLING: I2C transaction failed */
+ } else {
+ /* buf[0] contains the read byte */
+ }
+
+Note that only a subset of the I2C and SMBus protocols can be achieved by
+the means of read() and write() calls. In particular, so-called combined
+transactions (mixing read and write messages in the same transaction)
+aren't supported. For this reason, this interface is almost never used by
+user-space programs.
+
+IMPORTANT: because of the use of inline functions, you *have* to use
+'-O' or some variation when you compile your program!
+
+
+Full interface description
+==========================
+
+The following IOCTLs are defined:
+
+``ioctl(file, I2C_SLAVE, long addr)``
+ Change slave address. The address is passed in the 7 lower bits of the
+ argument (except for 10 bit addresses, passed in the 10 lower bits in this
+ case).
+
+``ioctl(file, I2C_TENBIT, long select)``
+ Selects ten bit addresses if select not equals 0, selects normal 7 bit
+ addresses if select equals 0. Default 0. This request is only valid
+ if the adapter has I2C_FUNC_10BIT_ADDR.
+
+``ioctl(file, I2C_PEC, long select)``
+ Selects SMBus PEC (packet error checking) generation and verification
+ if select not equals 0, disables if select equals 0. Default 0.
+ Used only for SMBus transactions. This request only has an effect if the
+ the adapter has I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PEC; it is still safe if not, it just
+ doesn't have any effect.
+
+``ioctl(file, I2C_FUNCS, unsigned long *funcs)``
+ Gets the adapter functionality and puts it in ``*funcs``.
+
+``ioctl(file, I2C_RDWR, struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data *msgset)``
+ Do combined read/write transaction without stop in between.
+ Only valid if the adapter has I2C_FUNC_I2C. The argument is
+ a pointer to a::
+
+ struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data {
+ struct i2c_msg *msgs; /* ptr to array of simple messages */
+ int nmsgs; /* number of messages to exchange */
+ }
+
+ The msgs[] themselves contain further pointers into data buffers.
+ The function will write or read data to or from that buffers depending
+ on whether the I2C_M_RD flag is set in a particular message or not.
+ The slave address and whether to use ten bit address mode has to be
+ set in each message, overriding the values set with the above ioctl's.
+
+``ioctl(file, I2C_SMBUS, struct i2c_smbus_ioctl_data *args)``
+ If possible, use the provided ``i2c_smbus_*`` methods described below instead
+ of issuing direct ioctls.
+
+You can do plain I2C transactions by using read(2) and write(2) calls.
+You do not need to pass the address byte; instead, set it through
+ioctl I2C_SLAVE before you try to access the device.
+
+You can do SMBus level transactions (see documentation file smbus-protocol.rst
+for details) through the following functions::
+
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(int file, __u8 value);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(int file);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(int file, __u8 value);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(int file, __u8 command);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 value);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(int file, __u8 command);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_block_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length,
+ __u8 *values);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 *values);
+ __s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length,
+ __u8 *values);
+
+All these transactions return -1 on failure; you can read errno to see
+what happened. The 'write' transactions return 0 on success; the
+'read' transactions return the read value, except for read_block, which
+returns the number of values read. The block buffers need not be longer
+than 32 bytes.
+
+The above functions are made available by linking against the libi2c library,
+which is provided by the i2c-tools project. See:
+https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/i2c-tools/i2c-tools.git/.
+
+
+Implementation details
+======================
+
+For the interested, here's the code flow which happens inside the kernel
+when you use the /dev interface to I2C:
+
+1) Your program opens /dev/i2c-N and calls ioctl() on it, as described in
+ section "C example" above.
+
+2) These open() and ioctl() calls are handled by the i2c-dev kernel
+ driver: see i2c-dev.c:i2cdev_open() and i2c-dev.c:i2cdev_ioctl(),
+ respectively. You can think of i2c-dev as a generic I2C chip driver
+ that can be programmed from user-space.
+
+3) Some ioctl() calls are for administrative tasks and are handled by
+ i2c-dev directly. Examples include I2C_SLAVE (set the address of the
+ device you want to access) and I2C_PEC (enable or disable SMBus error
+ checking on future transactions.)
+
+4) Other ioctl() calls are converted to in-kernel function calls by
+ i2c-dev. Examples include I2C_FUNCS, which queries the I2C adapter
+ functionality using i2c.h:i2c_get_functionality(), and I2C_SMBUS, which
+ performs an SMBus transaction using i2c-core-smbus.c:i2c_smbus_xfer().
+
+ The i2c-dev driver is responsible for checking all the parameters that
+ come from user-space for validity. After this point, there is no
+ difference between these calls that came from user-space through i2c-dev
+ and calls that would have been performed by kernel I2C chip drivers
+ directly. This means that I2C bus drivers don't need to implement
+ anything special to support access from user-space.
+
+5) These i2c.h functions are wrappers to the actual implementation of
+ your I2C bus driver. Each adapter must declare callback functions
+ implementing these standard calls. i2c.h:i2c_get_functionality() calls
+ i2c_adapter.algo->functionality(), while
+ i2c-core-smbus.c:i2c_smbus_xfer() calls either
+ adapter.algo->smbus_xfer() if it is implemented, or if not,
+ i2c-core-smbus.c:i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated() which in turn calls
+ i2c_adapter.algo->master_xfer().
+
+After your I2C bus driver has processed these requests, execution runs
+up the call chain, with almost no processing done, except by i2c-dev to
+package the returned data, if any, in suitable format for the ioctl.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/dma-considerations.rst b/Documentation/i2c/dma-considerations.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..142d52ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/dma-considerations.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+=================
+Linux I2C and DMA
+=================
+
+Given that I2C is a low-speed bus, over which the majority of messages
+transferred are small, it is not considered a prime user of DMA access. At this
+time of writing, only 10% of I2C bus master drivers have DMA support
+implemented. And the vast majority of transactions are so small that setting up
+DMA for it will likely add more overhead than a plain PIO transfer.
+
+Therefore, it is *not* mandatory that the buffer of an I2C message is DMA safe.
+It does not seem reasonable to apply additional burdens when the feature is so
+rarely used. However, it is recommended to use a DMA-safe buffer if your
+message size is likely applicable for DMA. Most drivers have this threshold
+around 8 bytes (as of today, this is mostly an educated guess, however). For
+any message of 16 byte or larger, it is probably a really good idea. Please
+note that other subsystems you use might add requirements. E.g., if your
+I2C bus master driver is using USB as a bridge, then you need to have DMA
+safe buffers always, because USB requires it.
+
+Clients
+-------
+
+For clients, if you use a DMA safe buffer in i2c_msg, set the I2C_M_DMA_SAFE
+flag with it. Then, the I2C core and drivers know they can safely operate DMA
+on it. Note that using this flag is optional. I2C host drivers which are not
+updated to use this flag will work like before. And like before, they risk
+using an unsafe DMA buffer. To improve this situation, using I2C_M_DMA_SAFE in
+more and more clients and host drivers is the planned way forward. Note also
+that setting this flag makes only sense in kernel space. User space data is
+copied into kernel space anyhow. The I2C core makes sure the destination
+buffers in kernel space are always DMA capable. Also, when the core emulates
+SMBus transactions via I2C, the buffers for block transfers are DMA safe. Users
+of i2c_master_send() and i2c_master_recv() functions can now use DMA safe
+variants (i2c_master_send_dmasafe() and i2c_master_recv_dmasafe()) once they
+know their buffers are DMA safe. Users of i2c_transfer() must set the
+I2C_M_DMA_SAFE flag manually.
+
+Masters
+-------
+
+Bus master drivers wishing to implement safe DMA can use helper functions from
+the I2C core. One gives you a DMA-safe buffer for a given i2c_msg as long as a
+certain threshold is met::
+
+ dma_buf = i2c_get_dma_safe_msg_buf(msg, threshold_in_byte);
+
+If a buffer is returned, it is either msg->buf for the I2C_M_DMA_SAFE case or a
+bounce buffer. But you don't need to care about that detail, just use the
+returned buffer. If NULL is returned, the threshold was not met or a bounce
+buffer could not be allocated. Fall back to PIO in that case.
+
+In any case, a buffer obtained from above needs to be released. Another helper
+function ensures a potentially used bounce buffer is freed::
+
+ i2c_put_dma_safe_msg_buf(dma_buf, msg, xferred);
+
+The last argument 'xferred' controls if the buffer is synced back to the
+message or not. No syncing is needed in cases setting up DMA had an error and
+there was no data transferred.
+
+The bounce buffer handling from the core is generic and simple. It will always
+allocate a new bounce buffer. If you want a more sophisticated handling (e.g.
+reusing pre-allocated buffers), you are free to implement your own.
+
+Please also check the in-kernel documentation for details. The i2c-sh_mobile
+driver can be used as a reference example how to use the above helpers.
+
+Final note: If you plan to use DMA with I2C (or with anything else, actually)
+make sure you have CONFIG_DMA_API_DEBUG enabled during development. It can help
+you find various issues which can be complex to debug otherwise.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/fault-codes.rst b/Documentation/i2c/fault-codes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80b14e718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/fault-codes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+=====================
+I2C/SMBUS Fault Codes
+=====================
+
+This is a summary of the most important conventions for use of fault
+codes in the I2C/SMBus stack.
+
+
+A "Fault" is not always an "Error"
+----------------------------------
+Not all fault reports imply errors; "page faults" should be a familiar
+example. Software often retries idempotent operations after transient
+faults. There may be fancier recovery schemes that are appropriate in
+some cases, such as re-initializing (and maybe resetting). After such
+recovery, triggered by a fault report, there is no error.
+
+In a similar way, sometimes a "fault" code just reports one defined
+result for an operation ... it doesn't indicate that anything is wrong
+at all, just that the outcome wasn't on the "golden path".
+
+In short, your I2C driver code may need to know these codes in order
+to respond correctly. Other code may need to rely on YOUR code reporting
+the right fault code, so that it can (in turn) behave correctly.
+
+
+I2C and SMBus fault codes
+-------------------------
+These are returned as negative numbers from most calls, with zero or
+some positive number indicating a non-fault return. The specific
+numbers associated with these symbols differ between architectures,
+though most Linux systems use <asm-generic/errno*.h> numbering.
+
+Note that the descriptions here are not exhaustive. There are other
+codes that may be returned, and other cases where these codes should
+be returned. However, drivers should not return other codes for these
+cases (unless the hardware doesn't provide unique fault reports).
+
+Also, codes returned by adapter probe methods follow rules which are
+specific to their host bus (such as PCI, or the platform bus).
+
+
+EAGAIN
+ Returned by I2C adapters when they lose arbitration in master
+ transmit mode: some other master was transmitting different
+ data at the same time.
+
+ Also returned when trying to invoke an I2C operation in an
+ atomic context, when some task is already using that I2C bus
+ to execute some other operation.
+
+EBADMSG
+ Returned by SMBus logic when an invalid Packet Error Code byte
+ is received. This code is a CRC covering all bytes in the
+ transaction, and is sent before the terminating STOP. This
+ fault is only reported on read transactions; the SMBus slave
+ may have a way to report PEC mismatches on writes from the
+ host. Note that even if PECs are in use, you should not rely
+ on these as the only way to detect incorrect data transfers.
+
+EBUSY
+ Returned by SMBus adapters when the bus was busy for longer
+ than allowed. This usually indicates some device (maybe the
+ SMBus adapter) needs some fault recovery (such as resetting),
+ or that the reset was attempted but failed.
+
+EINVAL
+ This rather vague error means an invalid parameter has been
+ detected before any I/O operation was started. Use a more
+ specific fault code when you can.
+
+EIO
+ This rather vague error means something went wrong when
+ performing an I/O operation. Use a more specific fault
+ code when you can.
+
+ENODEV
+ Returned by driver probe() methods. This is a bit more
+ specific than ENXIO, implying the problem isn't with the
+ address, but with the device found there. Driver probes
+ may verify the device returns *correct* responses, and
+ return this as appropriate. (The driver core will warn
+ about probe faults other than ENXIO and ENODEV.)
+
+ENOMEM
+ Returned by any component that can't allocate memory when
+ it needs to do so.
+
+ENXIO
+ Returned by I2C adapters to indicate that the address phase
+ of a transfer didn't get an ACK. While it might just mean
+ an I2C device was temporarily not responding, usually it
+ means there's nothing listening at that address.
+
+ Returned by driver probe() methods to indicate that they
+ found no device to bind to. (ENODEV may also be used.)
+
+EOPNOTSUPP
+ Returned by an adapter when asked to perform an operation
+ that it doesn't, or can't, support.
+
+ For example, this would be returned when an adapter that
+ doesn't support SMBus block transfers is asked to execute
+ one. In that case, the driver making that request should
+ have verified that functionality was supported before it
+ made that block transfer request.
+
+ Similarly, if an I2C adapter can't execute all legal I2C
+ messages, it should return this when asked to perform a
+ transaction it can't. (These limitations can't be seen in
+ the adapter's functionality mask, since the assumption is
+ that if an adapter supports I2C it supports all of I2C.)
+
+EPROTO
+ Returned when slave does not conform to the relevant I2C
+ or SMBus (or chip-specific) protocol specifications. One
+ case is when the length of an SMBus block data response
+ (from the SMBus slave) is outside the range 1-32 bytes.
+
+ESHUTDOWN
+ Returned when a transfer was requested using an adapter
+ which is already suspended.
+
+ETIMEDOUT
+ This is returned by drivers when an operation took too much
+ time, and was aborted before it completed.
+
+ SMBus adapters may return it when an operation took more
+ time than allowed by the SMBus specification; for example,
+ when a slave stretches clocks too far. I2C has no such
+ timeouts, but it's normal for I2C adapters to impose some
+ arbitrary limits (much longer than SMBus!) too.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/functionality.rst b/Documentation/i2c/functionality.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..377507c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/functionality.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+=======================
+I2C/SMBus Functionality
+=======================
+
+INTRODUCTION
+------------
+
+Because not every I2C or SMBus adapter implements everything in the
+I2C specifications, a client can not trust that everything it needs
+is implemented when it is given the option to attach to an adapter:
+the client needs some way to check whether an adapter has the needed
+functionality.
+
+
+FUNCTIONALITY CONSTANTS
+-----------------------
+
+For the most up-to-date list of functionality constants, please check
+<uapi/linux/i2c.h>!
+
+ =============================== ==============================================
+ I2C_FUNC_I2C Plain i2c-level commands (Pure SMBus
+ adapters typically can not do these)
+ I2C_FUNC_10BIT_ADDR Handles the 10-bit address extensions
+ I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING Knows about the I2C_M_IGNORE_NAK,
+ I2C_M_REV_DIR_ADDR and I2C_M_NO_RD_ACK
+ flags (which modify the I2C protocol!)
+ I2C_FUNC_NOSTART Can skip repeated start sequence
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK Handles the SMBus write_quick command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE Handles the SMBus read_byte command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE Handles the SMBus write_byte command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA Handles the SMBus read_byte_data command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA Handles the SMBus write_byte_data command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA Handles the SMBus read_word_data command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA Handles the SMBus write_byte_data command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PROC_CALL Handles the SMBus process_call command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BLOCK_DATA Handles the SMBus read_block_data command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA Handles the SMBus write_block_data command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK Handles the SMBus read_i2c_block_data command
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK Handles the SMBus write_i2c_block_data command
+ =============================== ==============================================
+
+A few combinations of the above flags are also defined for your convenience:
+
+ ========================= ======================================
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE Handles the SMBus read_byte
+ and write_byte commands
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA Handles the SMBus read_byte_data
+ and write_byte_data commands
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA Handles the SMBus read_word_data
+ and write_word_data commands
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA Handles the SMBus read_block_data
+ and write_block_data commands
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK Handles the SMBus read_i2c_block_data
+ and write_i2c_block_data commands
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_EMUL Handles all SMBus commands that can be
+ emulated by a real I2C adapter (using
+ the transparent emulation layer)
+ ========================= ======================================
+
+In kernel versions prior to 3.5 I2C_FUNC_NOSTART was implemented as
+part of I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING.
+
+
+ADAPTER IMPLEMENTATION
+----------------------
+
+When you write a new adapter driver, you will have to implement a
+function callback ``functionality``. Typical implementations are given
+below.
+
+A typical SMBus-only adapter would list all the SMBus transactions it
+supports. This example comes from the i2c-piix4 driver::
+
+ static u32 piix4_func(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
+ {
+ return I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE |
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA |
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA;
+ }
+
+A typical full-I2C adapter would use the following (from the i2c-pxa
+driver)::
+
+ static u32 i2c_pxa_functionality(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
+ {
+ return I2C_FUNC_I2C | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_EMUL;
+ }
+
+I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_EMUL includes all the SMBus transactions (with the
+addition of I2C block transactions) which i2c-core can emulate using
+I2C_FUNC_I2C without any help from the adapter driver. The idea is
+to let the client drivers check for the support of SMBus functions
+without having to care whether the said functions are implemented in
+hardware by the adapter, or emulated in software by i2c-core on top
+of an I2C adapter.
+
+
+CLIENT CHECKING
+---------------
+
+Before a client tries to attach to an adapter, or even do tests to check
+whether one of the devices it supports is present on an adapter, it should
+check whether the needed functionality is present. The typical way to do
+this is (from the lm75 driver)::
+
+ static int lm75_detect(...)
+ {
+ (...)
+ if (!i2c_check_functionality(adapter, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA |
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA))
+ goto exit;
+ (...)
+ }
+
+Here, the lm75 driver checks if the adapter can do both SMBus byte data
+and SMBus word data transactions. If not, then the driver won't work on
+this adapter and there's no point in going on. If the check above is
+successful, then the driver knows that it can call the following
+functions: i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(), i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(),
+i2c_smbus_read_word_data() and i2c_smbus_write_word_data(). As a rule of
+thumb, the functionality constants you test for with
+i2c_check_functionality() should match exactly the i2c_smbus_* functions
+which you driver is calling.
+
+Note that the check above doesn't tell whether the functionalities are
+implemented in hardware by the underlying adapter or emulated in
+software by i2c-core. Client drivers don't have to care about this, as
+i2c-core will transparently implement SMBus transactions on top of I2C
+adapters.
+
+
+CHECKING THROUGH /DEV
+---------------------
+
+If you try to access an adapter from a userspace program, you will have
+to use the /dev interface. You will still have to check whether the
+functionality you need is supported, of course. This is done using
+the I2C_FUNCS ioctl. An example, adapted from the i2cdetect program, is
+below::
+
+ int file;
+ if (file = open("/dev/i2c-0", O_RDWR) < 0) {
+ /* Some kind of error handling */
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ if (ioctl(file, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0) {
+ /* Some kind of error handling */
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK)) {
+ /* Oops, the needed functionality (SMBus write_quick function) is
+ not available! */
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ /* Now it is safe to use the SMBus write_quick command */
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/gpio-fault-injection.rst b/Documentation/i2c/gpio-fault-injection.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9dca6ec7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/gpio-fault-injection.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+=========================
+Linux I2C fault injection
+=========================
+
+The GPIO based I2C bus master driver can be configured to provide fault
+injection capabilities. It is then meant to be connected to another I2C bus
+which is driven by the I2C bus master driver under test. The GPIO fault
+injection driver can create special states on the bus which the other I2C bus
+master driver should handle gracefully.
+
+Once the Kconfig option I2C_GPIO_FAULT_INJECTOR is enabled, there will be an
+'i2c-fault-injector' subdirectory in the Kernel debugfs filesystem, usually
+mounted at /sys/kernel/debug. There will be a separate subdirectory per GPIO
+driven I2C bus. Each subdirectory will contain files to trigger the fault
+injection. They will be described now along with their intended use-cases.
+
+Wire states
+===========
+
+"scl"
+-----
+
+By reading this file, you get the current state of SCL. By writing, you can
+change its state to either force it low or to release it again. So, by using
+"echo 0 > scl" you force SCL low and thus, no communication will be possible
+because the bus master under test will not be able to clock. It should detect
+the condition of SCL being unresponsive and report an error to the upper
+layers.
+
+"sda"
+-----
+
+By reading this file, you get the current state of SDA. By writing, you can
+change its state to either force it low or to release it again. So, by using
+"echo 0 > sda" you force SDA low and thus, data cannot be transmitted. The bus
+master under test should detect this condition and trigger a bus recovery (see
+I2C specification version 4, section 3.1.16) using the helpers of the Linux I2C
+core (see 'struct bus_recovery_info'). However, the bus recovery will not
+succeed because SDA is still pinned low until you manually release it again
+with "echo 1 > sda". A test with an automatic release can be done with the
+"incomplete transfers" class of fault injectors.
+
+Incomplete transfers
+====================
+
+The following fault injectors create situations where SDA will be held low by a
+device. Bus recovery should be able to fix these situations. But please note:
+there are I2C client devices which detect a stuck SDA on their side and release
+it on their own after a few milliseconds. Also, there might be an external
+device deglitching and monitoring the I2C bus. It could also detect a stuck SDA
+and will init a bus recovery on its own. If you want to implement bus recovery
+in a bus master driver, make sure you checked your hardware setup for such
+devices before. And always verify with a scope or logic analyzer!
+
+"incomplete_address_phase"
+--------------------------
+
+This file is write only and you need to write the address of an existing I2C
+client device to it. Then, a read transfer to this device will be started, but
+it will stop at the ACK phase after the address of the client has been
+transmitted. Because the device will ACK its presence, this results in SDA
+being pulled low by the device while SCL is high. So, similar to the "sda" file
+above, the bus master under test should detect this condition and try a bus
+recovery. This time, however, it should succeed and the device should release
+SDA after toggling SCL.
+
+"incomplete_write_byte"
+-----------------------
+
+Similar to above, this file is write only and you need to write the address of
+an existing I2C client device to it.
+
+The injector will again stop at one ACK phase, so the device will keep SDA low
+because it acknowledges data. However, there are two differences compared to
+'incomplete_address_phase':
+
+a) the message sent out will be a write message
+b) after the address byte, a 0x00 byte will be transferred. Then, stop at ACK.
+
+This is a highly delicate state, the device is set up to write any data to
+register 0x00 (if it has registers) when further clock pulses happen on SCL.
+This is why bus recovery (up to 9 clock pulses) must either check SDA or send
+additional STOP conditions to ensure the bus has been released. Otherwise
+random data will be written to a device!
+
+Lost arbitration
+================
+
+Here, we want to simulate the condition where the master under test loses the
+bus arbitration against another master in a multi-master setup.
+
+"lose_arbitration"
+------------------
+
+This file is write only and you need to write the duration of the arbitration
+intereference (in µs, maximum is 100ms). The calling process will then sleep
+and wait for the next bus clock. The process is interruptible, though.
+
+Arbitration lost is achieved by waiting for SCL going down by the master under
+test and then pulling SDA low for some time. So, the I2C address sent out
+should be corrupted and that should be detected properly. That means that the
+address sent out should have a lot of '1' bits to be able to detect corruption.
+There doesn't need to be a device at this address because arbitration lost
+should be detected beforehand. Also note, that SCL going down is monitored
+using interrupts, so the interrupt latency might cause the first bits to be not
+corrupted. A good starting point for using this fault injector on an otherwise
+idle bus is::
+
+ # echo 200 > lose_arbitration &
+ # i2cget -y <bus_to_test> 0x3f
+
+Panic during transfer
+=====================
+
+This fault injector will create a Kernel panic once the master under test
+started a transfer. This usually means that the state machine of the bus master
+driver will be ungracefully interrupted and the bus may end up in an unusual
+state. Use this to check if your shutdown/reboot/boot code can handle this
+scenario.
+
+"inject_panic"
+--------------
+
+This file is write only and you need to write the delay between the detected
+start of a transmission and the induced Kernel panic (in µs, maximum is 100ms).
+The calling process will then sleep and wait for the next bus clock. The
+process is interruptible, though.
+
+Start of a transfer is detected by waiting for SCL going down by the master
+under test. A good starting point for using this fault injector is::
+
+ # echo 0 > inject_panic &
+ # i2cget -y <bus_to_test> <some_address>
+
+Note that there doesn't need to be a device listening to the address you are
+using. Results may vary depending on that, though.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/i2c-protocol.rst b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-protocol.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df0febfe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-protocol.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+================
+The I2C Protocol
+================
+
+This document is an overview of the basic I2C transactions and the kernel
+APIs to perform them.
+
+Key to symbols
+==============
+
+=============== =============================================================
+S Start condition
+P Stop condition
+Rd/Wr (1 bit) Read/Write bit. Rd equals 1, Wr equals 0.
+A, NA (1 bit) Acknowledge (ACK) and Not Acknowledge (NACK) bit
+Addr (7 bits) I2C 7 bit address. Note that this can be expanded to
+ get a 10 bit I2C address.
+Data (8 bits) A plain data byte.
+
+[..] Data sent by I2C device, as opposed to data sent by the
+ host adapter.
+=============== =============================================================
+
+
+Simple send transaction
+=======================
+
+Implemented by i2c_master_send()::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Data [A] Data [A] ... [A] Data [A] P
+
+
+Simple receive transaction
+==========================
+
+Implemented by i2c_master_recv()::
+
+ S Addr Rd [A] [Data] A [Data] A ... A [Data] NA P
+
+
+Combined transactions
+=====================
+
+Implemented by i2c_transfer().
+
+They are just like the above transactions, but instead of a stop
+condition P a start condition S is sent and the transaction continues.
+An example of a byte read, followed by a byte write::
+
+ S Addr Rd [A] [Data] NA S Addr Wr [A] Data [A] P
+
+
+Modified transactions
+=====================
+
+The following modifications to the I2C protocol can also be generated by
+setting these flags for I2C messages. With the exception of I2C_M_NOSTART, they
+are usually only needed to work around device issues:
+
+I2C_M_IGNORE_NAK:
+ Normally message is interrupted immediately if there is [NA] from the
+ client. Setting this flag treats any [NA] as [A], and all of
+ message is sent.
+ These messages may still fail to SCL lo->hi timeout.
+
+I2C_M_NO_RD_ACK:
+ In a read message, master A/NA bit is skipped.
+
+I2C_M_NOSTART:
+ In a combined transaction, no 'S Addr Wr/Rd [A]' is generated at some
+ point. For example, setting I2C_M_NOSTART on the second partial message
+ generates something like::
+
+ S Addr Rd [A] [Data] NA Data [A] P
+
+ If you set the I2C_M_NOSTART variable for the first partial message,
+ we do not generate Addr, but we do generate the start condition S.
+ This will probably confuse all other clients on your bus, so don't
+ try this.
+
+ This is often used to gather transmits from multiple data buffers in
+ system memory into something that appears as a single transfer to the
+ I2C device but may also be used between direction changes by some
+ rare devices.
+
+I2C_M_REV_DIR_ADDR:
+ This toggles the Rd/Wr flag. That is, if you want to do a write, but
+ need to emit an Rd instead of a Wr, or vice versa, you set this
+ flag. For example::
+
+ S Addr Rd [A] Data [A] Data [A] ... [A] Data [A] P
+
+I2C_M_STOP:
+ Force a stop condition (P) after the message. Some I2C related protocols
+ like SCCB require that. Normally, you really don't want to get interrupted
+ between the messages of one transfer.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/i2c-stub.rst b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-stub.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6fc6916d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-stub.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+========
+i2c-stub
+========
+
+Description
+===========
+
+This module is a very simple fake I2C/SMBus driver. It implements six
+types of SMBus commands: write quick, (r/w) byte, (r/w) byte data, (r/w)
+word data, (r/w) I2C block data, and (r/w) SMBus block data.
+
+You need to provide chip addresses as a module parameter when loading this
+driver, which will then only react to SMBus commands to these addresses.
+
+No hardware is needed nor associated with this module. It will accept write
+quick commands to the specified addresses; it will respond to the other
+commands (also to the specified addresses) by reading from or writing to
+arrays in memory. It will also spam the kernel logs for every command it
+handles.
+
+A pointer register with auto-increment is implemented for all byte
+operations. This allows for continuous byte reads like those supported by
+EEPROMs, among others.
+
+SMBus block command support is disabled by default, and must be enabled
+explicitly by setting the respective bits (0x03000000) in the functionality
+module parameter.
+
+SMBus block commands must be written to configure an SMBus command for
+SMBus block operations. Writes can be partial. Block read commands always
+return the number of bytes selected with the largest write so far.
+
+The typical use-case is like this:
+
+ 1. load this module
+ 2. use i2cset (from the i2c-tools project) to pre-load some data
+ 3. load the target chip driver module
+ 4. observe its behavior in the kernel log
+
+There's a script named i2c-stub-from-dump in the i2c-tools package which
+can load register values automatically from a chip dump.
+
+Parameters
+==========
+
+int chip_addr[10]:
+ The SMBus addresses to emulate chips at.
+
+unsigned long functionality:
+ Functionality override, to disable some commands. See I2C_FUNC_*
+ constants in <linux/i2c.h> for the suitable values. For example,
+ value 0x1f0000 would only enable the quick, byte and byte data
+ commands.
+
+u8 bank_reg[10], u8 bank_mask[10], u8 bank_start[10], u8 bank_end[10]:
+ Optional bank settings. They tell which bits in which register
+ select the active bank, as well as the range of banked registers.
+
+Caveats
+=======
+
+If your target driver polls some byte or word waiting for it to change, the
+stub could lock it up. Use i2cset to unlock it.
+
+If you spam it hard enough, printk can be lossy. This module really wants
+something like relayfs.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/i2c-sysfs.rst b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-sysfs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c54c658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-sysfs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===============
+Linux I2C Sysfs
+===============
+
+Overview
+========
+
+I2C topology can be complex because of the existence of I2C MUX
+(I2C Multiplexer). The Linux
+kernel abstracts the MUX channels into logical I2C bus numbers. However, there
+is a gap of knowledge to map from the I2C bus physical number and MUX topology
+to logical I2C bus number. This doc is aimed to fill in this gap, so the
+audience (hardware engineers and new software developers for example) can learn
+the concept of logical I2C buses in the kernel, by knowing the physical I2C
+topology and navigating through the I2C sysfs in Linux shell. This knowledge is
+useful and essential to use ``i2c-tools`` for the purpose of development and
+debugging.
+
+Target audience
+---------------
+
+People who need to use Linux shell to interact with I2C subsystem on a system
+which the Linux is running on.
+
+Prerequisites
+-------------
+
+1. Knowledge of general Linux shell file system commands and operations.
+
+2. General knowledge of I2C, I2C MUX and I2C topology.
+
+Location of I2C Sysfs
+=====================
+
+Typically, the Linux Sysfs filesystem is mounted at the ``/sys`` directory,
+so you can find the I2C Sysfs under ``/sys/bus/i2c/devices``
+where you can directly ``cd`` to it.
+There is a list of symbolic links under that directory. The links that
+start with ``i2c-`` are I2C buses, which may be either physical or logical. The
+other links that begin with numbers and end with numbers are I2C devices, where
+the first number is I2C bus number, and the second number is I2C address.
+
+Google Pixel 3 phone for example::
+
+ blueline:/sys/bus/i2c/devices $ ls
+ 0-0008 0-0061 1-0028 3-0043 4-0036 4-0041 i2c-1 i2c-3
+ 0-000c 0-0066 2-0049 4-000b 4-0040 i2c-0 i2c-2 i2c-4
+
+``i2c-2`` is an I2C bus whose number is 2, and ``2-0049`` is an I2C device
+on bus 2 address 0x49 bound with a kernel driver.
+
+Terminology
+===========
+
+First, let us define some terms to avoid confusion in later sections.
+
+(Physical) I2C Bus Controller
+-----------------------------
+
+The hardware system that the Linux kernel is running on may have multiple
+physical I2C bus controllers. The controllers are hardware and physical, and the
+system may define multiple registers in the memory space to manipulate the
+controllers. Linux kernel has I2C bus drivers under source directory
+``drivers/i2c/busses`` to translate kernel I2C API into register
+operations for different systems. This terminology is not limited to Linux
+kernel only.
+
+I2C Bus Physical Number
+-----------------------
+
+For each physical I2C bus controller, the system vendor may assign a physical
+number to each controller. For example, the first I2C bus controller which has
+the lowest register addresses may be called ``I2C-0``.
+
+Logical I2C Bus
+---------------
+
+Every I2C bus number you see in Linux I2C Sysfs is a logical I2C bus with a
+number assigned. This is similar to the fact that software code is usually
+written upon virtual memory space, instead of physical memory space.
+
+Each logical I2C bus may be an abstraction of a physical I2C bus controller, or
+an abstraction of a channel behind an I2C MUX. In case it is an abstraction of a
+MUX channel, whenever we access an I2C device via a such logical bus, the kernel
+will switch the I2C MUX for you to the proper channel as part of the
+abstraction.
+
+Physical I2C Bus
+----------------
+
+If the logical I2C bus is a direct abstraction of a physical I2C bus controller,
+let us call it a physical I2C bus.
+
+Caveat
+------
+
+This may be a confusing part for people who only know about the physical I2C
+design of a board. It is actually possible to rename the I2C bus physical number
+to a different number in logical I2C bus level in Device Tree Source (DTS) under
+section ``aliases``. See ``arch/arm/boot/dts/nuvoton-npcm730-gsj.dts``
+for an example of DTS file.
+
+Best Practice: **(To kernel software developers)** It is better to keep the I2C
+bus physical number the same as their corresponding logical I2C bus number,
+instead of renaming or mapping them, so that it may be less confusing to other
+users. These physical I2C buses can be served as good starting points for I2C
+MUX fanouts. For the following examples, we will assume that the physical I2C
+bus has a number same as their I2C bus physical number.
+
+Walk through Logical I2C Bus
+============================
+
+For the following content, we will use a more complex I2C topology as an
+example. Here is a brief graph for the I2C topology. If you do not understand
+this graph at first glance, do not be afraid to continue reading this doc
+and review it when you finish reading.
+
+::
+
+ i2c-7 (physical I2C bus controller 7)
+ `-- 7-0071 (4-channel I2C MUX at 0x71)
+ |-- i2c-60 (channel-0)
+ |-- i2c-73 (channel-1)
+ | |-- 73-0040 (I2C sensor device with hwmon directory)
+ | |-- 73-0070 (I2C MUX at 0x70, exists in DTS, but failed to probe)
+ | `-- 73-0072 (8-channel I2C MUX at 0x72)
+ | |-- i2c-78 (channel-0)
+ | |-- ... (channel-1...6, i2c-79...i2c-84)
+ | `-- i2c-85 (channel-7)
+ |-- i2c-86 (channel-2)
+ `-- i2c-203 (channel-3)
+
+Distinguish Physical and Logical I2C Bus
+----------------------------------------
+
+One simple way to distinguish between a physical I2C bus and a logical I2C bus,
+is to read the symbolic link ``device`` under the I2C bus directory by using
+command ``ls -l`` or ``readlink``.
+
+An alternative symbolic link to check is ``mux_device``. This link only exists
+in logical I2C bus directory which is fanned out from another I2C bus.
+Reading this link will also tell you which I2C MUX device created
+this logical I2C bus.
+
+If the symbolic link points to a directory ending with ``.i2c``, it should be a
+physical I2C bus, directly abstracting a physical I2C bus controller. For
+example::
+
+ $ readlink /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/device
+ ../../f0087000.i2c
+ $ ls /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/mux_device
+ ls: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/mux_device: No such file or directory
+
+In this case, ``i2c-7`` is a physical I2C bus, so it does not have the symbolic
+link ``mux_device`` under its directory. And if the kernel software developer
+follows the common practice by not renaming physical I2C buses, this should also
+mean the physical I2C bus controller 7 of the system.
+
+On the other hand, if the symbolic link points to another I2C bus, the I2C bus
+presented by the current directory has to be a logical bus. The I2C bus pointed
+by the link is the parent bus which may be either a physical I2C bus or a
+logical one. In this case, the I2C bus presented by the current directory
+abstracts an I2C MUX channel under the parent bus.
+
+For example::
+
+ $ readlink /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73/device
+ ../../i2c-7
+ $ readlink /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73/mux_device
+ ../7-0071
+
+``i2c-73`` is a logical bus fanout by an I2C MUX under ``i2c-7``
+whose I2C address is 0x71.
+Whenever we access an I2C device with bus 73, the kernel will always
+switch the I2C MUX addressed 0x71 to the proper channel for you as part of the
+abstraction.
+
+Finding out Logical I2C Bus Number
+----------------------------------
+
+In this section, we will describe how to find out the logical I2C bus number
+representing certain I2C MUX channels based on the knowledge of physical
+hardware I2C topology.
+
+In this example, we have a system which has a physical I2C bus 7 and not renamed
+in DTS. There is a 4-channel MUX at address 0x71 on that bus. There is another
+8-channel MUX at address 0x72 behind the channel 1 of the 0x71 MUX. Let us
+navigate through Sysfs and find out the logical I2C bus number of the channel 3
+of the 0x72 MUX.
+
+First of all, let us go to the directory of ``i2c-7``::
+
+ ~$ cd /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7$ ls
+ 7-0071 i2c-60 name subsystem
+ delete_device i2c-73 new_device uevent
+ device i2c-86 of_node
+ i2c-203 i2c-dev power
+
+There, we see the 0x71 MUX as ``7-0071``. Go inside it::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7$ cd 7-0071/
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/7-0071$ ls -l
+ channel-0 channel-3 modalias power
+ channel-1 driver name subsystem
+ channel-2 idle_state of_node uevent
+
+Read the link ``channel-1`` using ``readlink`` or ``ls -l``::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/7-0071$ readlink channel-1
+ ../i2c-73
+
+We find out that the channel 1 of 0x71 MUX on ``i2c-7`` is assigned
+with a logical I2C bus number of 73.
+Let us continue the journey to directory ``i2c-73`` in either ways::
+
+ # cd to i2c-73 under I2C Sysfs root
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/7-0071$ cd /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$
+
+ # cd the channel symbolic link
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/7-0071$ cd channel-1
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/7-0071/channel-1$
+
+ # cd the link content
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/7-0071$ cd ../i2c-73
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-7/i2c-73$
+
+Either ways, you will end up in the directory of ``i2c-73``. Similar to above,
+we can now find the 0x72 MUX and what logical I2C bus numbers
+that its channels are assigned::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ ls
+ 73-0040 device i2c-83 new_device
+ 73-004e i2c-78 i2c-84 of_node
+ 73-0050 i2c-79 i2c-85 power
+ 73-0070 i2c-80 i2c-dev subsystem
+ 73-0072 i2c-81 mux_device uevent
+ delete_device i2c-82 name
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ cd 73-0072
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73/73-0072$ ls
+ channel-0 channel-4 driver of_node
+ channel-1 channel-5 idle_state power
+ channel-2 channel-6 modalias subsystem
+ channel-3 channel-7 name uevent
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73/73-0072$ readlink channel-3
+ ../i2c-81
+
+There, we find out the logical I2C bus number of the channel 3 of the 0x72 MUX
+is 81. We can later use this number to switch to its own I2C Sysfs directory or
+issue ``i2c-tools`` commands.
+
+Tip: Once you understand the I2C topology with MUX, command
+`i2cdetect -l
+<https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/i2c-tools/i2cdetect.8.en.html>`_
+in
+`I2C Tools
+<https://i2c.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/I2C_Tools>`_
+can give you
+an overview of the I2C topology easily, if it is available on your system. For
+example::
+
+ $ i2cdetect -l | grep -e '\-73' -e _7 | sort -V
+ i2c-7 i2c npcm_i2c_7 I2C adapter
+ i2c-73 i2c i2c-7-mux (chan_id 1) I2C adapter
+ i2c-78 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 0) I2C adapter
+ i2c-79 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 1) I2C adapter
+ i2c-80 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 2) I2C adapter
+ i2c-81 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 3) I2C adapter
+ i2c-82 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 4) I2C adapter
+ i2c-83 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 5) I2C adapter
+ i2c-84 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 6) I2C adapter
+ i2c-85 i2c i2c-73-mux (chan_id 7) I2C adapter
+
+Pinned Logical I2C Bus Number
+-----------------------------
+
+If not specified in DTS, when an I2C MUX driver is applied and the MUX device is
+successfully probed, the kernel will assign the MUX channels with a logical bus
+number based on the current biggest logical bus number incrementally. For
+example, if the system has ``i2c-15`` as the highest logical bus number, and a
+4-channel MUX is applied successfully, we will have ``i2c-16`` for the
+MUX channel 0, and all the way to ``i2c-19`` for the MUX channel 3.
+
+The kernel software developer is able to pin the fanout MUX channels to a static
+logical I2C bus number in the DTS. This doc will not go through the details on
+how to implement this in DTS, but we can see an example in:
+``arch/arm/boot/dts/aspeed-bmc-facebook-wedge400.dts``
+
+In the above example, there is an 8-channel I2C MUX at address 0x70 on physical
+I2C bus 2. The channel 2 of the MUX is defined as ``imux18`` in DTS,
+and pinned to logical I2C bus number 18 with the line of ``i2c18 = &imux18;``
+in section ``aliases``.
+
+Take it further, it is possible to design a logical I2C bus number schema that
+can be easily remembered by humans or calculated arithmetically. For example, we
+can pin the fanout channels of a MUX on bus 3 to start at 30. So 30 will be the
+logical bus number of the channel 0 of the MUX on bus 3, and 37 will be the
+logical bus number of the channel 7 of the MUX on bus 3.
+
+I2C Devices
+===========
+
+In previous sections, we mostly covered the I2C bus. In this section, let us see
+what we can learn from the I2C device directory whose link name is in the format
+of ``${bus}-${addr}``. The ``${bus}`` part in the name is a logical I2C bus
+decimal number, while the ``${addr}`` part is a hex number of the I2C address
+of each device.
+
+I2C Device Directory Content
+----------------------------
+
+Inside each I2C device directory, there is a file named ``name``.
+This file tells what device name it was used for the kernel driver to
+probe this device. Use command ``cat`` to read its content. For example::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ cat 73-0040/name
+ ina230
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ cat 73-0070/name
+ pca9546
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ cat 73-0072/name
+ pca9547
+
+There is a symbolic link named ``driver`` to tell what Linux kernel driver was
+used to probe this device::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ readlink -f 73-0040/driver
+ /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/ina2xx
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ readlink -f 73-0072/driver
+ /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/pca954x
+
+But if the link ``driver`` does not exist at the first place,
+it may mean that the kernel driver failed to probe this device due to
+some errors. The error may be found in ``dmesg``::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ ls 73-0070/driver
+ ls: 73-0070/driver: No such file or directory
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ dmesg | grep 73-0070
+ pca954x 73-0070: probe failed
+ pca954x 73-0070: probe failed
+
+Depending on what the I2C device is and what kernel driver was used to probe the
+device, we may have different content in the device directory.
+
+I2C MUX Device
+--------------
+
+While you may be already aware of this in previous sections, an I2C MUX device
+will have symbolic link ``channel-*`` inside its device directory.
+These symbolic links point to their logical I2C bus directories::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73$ ls -l 73-0072/channel-*
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-0 -> ../i2c-78
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-1 -> ../i2c-79
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-2 -> ../i2c-80
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-3 -> ../i2c-81
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-4 -> ../i2c-82
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-5 -> ../i2c-83
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-6 -> ../i2c-84
+ lrwxrwxrwx ... 73-0072/channel-7 -> ../i2c-85
+
+I2C Sensor Device / Hwmon
+-------------------------
+
+I2C sensor device is also common to see. If they are bound by a kernel hwmon
+(Hardware Monitoring) driver successfully, you will see a ``hwmon`` directory
+inside the I2C device directory. Keep digging into it, you will find the Hwmon
+Sysfs for the I2C sensor device::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-73/73-0040/hwmon/hwmon17$ ls
+ curr1_input in0_lcrit_alarm name subsystem
+ device in1_crit power uevent
+ in0_crit in1_crit_alarm power1_crit update_interval
+ in0_crit_alarm in1_input power1_crit_alarm
+ in0_input in1_lcrit power1_input
+ in0_lcrit in1_lcrit_alarm shunt_resistor
+
+For more info on the Hwmon Sysfs, refer to the doc:
+
+../hwmon/sysfs-interface.rst
+
+Instantiate I2C Devices in I2C Sysfs
+------------------------------------
+
+Refer to section "Method 4: Instantiate from user-space" of instantiating-devices.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48fce0f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+================================
+I2C muxes and complex topologies
+================================
+
+There are a couple of reasons for building more complex I2C topologies
+than a straight-forward I2C bus with one adapter and one or more devices.
+
+Some example use cases are:
+
+1. A mux may be needed on the bus to prevent address collisions.
+
+2. The bus may be accessible from some external bus master, and arbitration
+ may be needed to determine if it is ok to access the bus.
+
+3. A device (particularly RF tuners) may want to avoid the digital noise
+ from the I2C bus, at least most of the time, and sits behind a gate
+ that has to be operated before the device can be accessed.
+
+Several types of hardware components such as I2C muxes, I2C gates and I2C
+arbitrators allow to handle such needs.
+
+These components are represented as I2C adapter trees by Linux, where
+each adapter has a parent adapter (except the root adapter) and zero or
+more child adapters. The root adapter is the actual adapter that issues
+I2C transfers, and all adapters with a parent are part of an "i2c-mux"
+object (quoted, since it can also be an arbitrator or a gate).
+
+Depending of the particular mux driver, something happens when there is
+an I2C transfer on one of its child adapters. The mux driver can
+obviously operate a mux, but it can also do arbitration with an external
+bus master or open a gate. The mux driver has two operations for this,
+select and deselect. select is called before the transfer and (the
+optional) deselect is called after the transfer.
+
+
+Locking
+=======
+
+There are two variants of locking available to I2C muxes, they can be
+mux-locked or parent-locked muxes.
+
+
+Mux-locked muxes
+----------------
+
+Mux-locked muxes does not lock the entire parent adapter during the
+full select-transfer-deselect transaction, only the muxes on the parent
+adapter are locked. Mux-locked muxes are mostly interesting if the
+select and/or deselect operations must use I2C transfers to complete
+their tasks. Since the parent adapter is not fully locked during the
+full transaction, unrelated I2C transfers may interleave the different
+stages of the transaction. This has the benefit that the mux driver
+may be easier and cleaner to implement, but it has some caveats.
+
+Mux-locked Example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | mux- |-----| dev D1 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M1 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' '--| dev D2 |
+ | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D3 |
+ '--------'
+
+When there is an access to D1, this happens:
+
+ 1. Someone issues an I2C transfer to D1.
+ 2. M1 locks muxes on its parent (the root adapter in this case).
+ 3. M1 calls ->select to ready the mux.
+ 4. M1 (presumably) does some I2C transfers as part of its select.
+ These transfers are normal I2C transfers that locks the parent
+ adapter.
+ 5. M1 feeds the I2C transfer from step 1 to its parent adapter as a
+ normal I2C transfer that locks the parent adapter.
+ 6. M1 calls ->deselect, if it has one.
+ 7. Same rules as in step 4, but for ->deselect.
+ 8. M1 unlocks muxes on its parent.
+
+This means that accesses to D2 are lockout out for the full duration
+of the entire operation. But accesses to D3 are possibly interleaved
+at any point.
+
+Mux-locked caveats
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When using a mux-locked mux, be aware of the following restrictions:
+
+[ML1]
+ If you build a topology with a mux-locked mux being the parent
+ of a parent-locked mux, this might break the expectation from the
+ parent-locked mux that the root adapter is locked during the
+ transaction.
+
+[ML2]
+ It is not safe to build arbitrary topologies with two (or more)
+ mux-locked muxes that are not siblings, when there are address
+ collisions between the devices on the child adapters of these
+ non-sibling muxes.
+
+ I.e. the select-transfer-deselect transaction targeting e.g. device
+ address 0x42 behind mux-one may be interleaved with a similar
+ operation targeting device address 0x42 behind mux-two. The
+ intent with such a topology would in this hypothetical example
+ be that mux-one and mux-two should not be selected simultaneously,
+ but mux-locked muxes do not guarantee that in all topologies.
+
+[ML3]
+ A mux-locked mux cannot be used by a driver for auto-closing
+ gates/muxes, i.e. something that closes automatically after a given
+ number (one, in most cases) of I2C transfers. Unrelated I2C transfers
+ may creep in and close prematurely.
+
+[ML4]
+ If any non-I2C operation in the mux driver changes the I2C mux state,
+ the driver has to lock the root adapter during that operation.
+ Otherwise garbage may appear on the bus as seen from devices
+ behind the mux, when an unrelated I2C transfer is in flight during
+ the non-I2C mux-changing operation.
+
+
+Parent-locked muxes
+-------------------
+
+Parent-locked muxes lock the parent adapter during the full select-
+transfer-deselect transaction. The implication is that the mux driver
+has to ensure that any and all I2C transfers through that parent
+adapter during the transaction are unlocked I2C transfers (using e.g.
+__i2c_transfer), or a deadlock will follow.
+
+Parent-locked Example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | parent- |-----| dev D1 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M1 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' '--| dev D2 |
+ | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D3 |
+ '--------'
+
+When there is an access to D1, this happens:
+
+ 1. Someone issues an I2C transfer to D1.
+ 2. M1 locks muxes on its parent (the root adapter in this case).
+ 3. M1 locks its parent adapter.
+ 4. M1 calls ->select to ready the mux.
+ 5. If M1 does any I2C transfers (on this root adapter) as part of
+ its select, those transfers must be unlocked I2C transfers so
+ that they do not deadlock the root adapter.
+ 6. M1 feeds the I2C transfer from step 1 to the root adapter as an
+ unlocked I2C transfer, so that it does not deadlock the parent
+ adapter.
+ 7. M1 calls ->deselect, if it has one.
+ 8. Same rules as in step 5, but for ->deselect.
+ 9. M1 unlocks its parent adapter.
+ 10. M1 unlocks muxes on its parent.
+
+This means that accesses to both D2 and D3 are locked out for the full
+duration of the entire operation.
+
+Parent-locked Caveats
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When using a parent-locked mux, be aware of the following restrictions:
+
+[PL1]
+ If you build a topology with a parent-locked mux being the child
+ of another mux, this might break a possible assumption from the
+ child mux that the root adapter is unused between its select op
+ and the actual transfer (e.g. if the child mux is auto-closing
+ and the parent mux issues I2C transfers as part of its select).
+ This is especially the case if the parent mux is mux-locked, but
+ it may also happen if the parent mux is parent-locked.
+
+[PL2]
+ If select/deselect calls out to other subsystems such as gpio,
+ pinctrl, regmap or iio, it is essential that any I2C transfers
+ caused by these subsystems are unlocked. This can be convoluted to
+ accomplish, maybe even impossible if an acceptably clean solution
+ is sought.
+
+
+Complex Examples
+================
+
+Parent-locked mux as parent of parent-locked mux
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This is a useful topology, but it can be bad::
+
+ .----------. .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | parent- |-----| parent- |-----| dev D1 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | | locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M1 |--. | mux M2 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' | '----------' '--| dev D2 |
+ | .--------. | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D4 | '--| dev D3 |
+ '--------' '--------'
+
+When any device is accessed, all other devices are locked out for
+the full duration of the operation (both muxes lock their parent,
+and specifically when M2 requests its parent to lock, M1 passes
+the buck to the root adapter).
+
+This topology is bad if M2 is an auto-closing mux and M1->select
+issues any unlocked I2C transfers on the root adapter that may leak
+through and be seen by the M2 adapter, thus closing M2 prematurely.
+
+
+Mux-locked mux as parent of mux-locked mux
+------------------------------------------
+
+This is a good topology::
+
+ .----------. .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | mux- |-----| mux- |-----| dev D1 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | | locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M1 |--. | mux M2 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' | '----------' '--| dev D2 |
+ | .--------. | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D4 | '--| dev D3 |
+ '--------' '--------'
+
+When device D1 is accessed, accesses to D2 are locked out for the
+full duration of the operation (muxes on the top child adapter of M1
+are locked). But accesses to D3 and D4 are possibly interleaved at
+any point.
+
+Accesses to D3 locks out D1 and D2, but accesses to D4 are still possibly
+interleaved.
+
+
+Mux-locked mux as parent of parent-locked mux
+---------------------------------------------
+
+This is probably a bad topology::
+
+ .----------. .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | mux- |-----| parent- |-----| dev D1 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | | locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M1 |--. | mux M2 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' | '----------' '--| dev D2 |
+ | .--------. | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D4 | '--| dev D3 |
+ '--------' '--------'
+
+When device D1 is accessed, accesses to D2 and D3 are locked out
+for the full duration of the operation (M1 locks child muxes on the
+root adapter). But accesses to D4 are possibly interleaved at any
+point.
+
+This kind of topology is generally not suitable and should probably
+be avoided. The reason is that M2 probably assumes that there will
+be no I2C transfers during its calls to ->select and ->deselect, and
+if there are, any such transfers might appear on the slave side of M2
+as partial I2C transfers, i.e. garbage or worse. This might cause
+device lockups and/or other problems.
+
+The topology is especially troublesome if M2 is an auto-closing
+mux. In that case, any interleaved accesses to D4 might close M2
+prematurely, as might any I2C transfers part of M1->select.
+
+But if M2 is not making the above stated assumption, and if M2 is not
+auto-closing, the topology is fine.
+
+
+Parent-locked mux as parent of mux-locked mux
+---------------------------------------------
+
+This is a good topology::
+
+ .----------. .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | parent- |-----| mux- |-----| dev D1 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | | locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M1 |--. | mux M2 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' | '----------' '--| dev D2 |
+ | .--------. | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D4 | '--| dev D3 |
+ '--------' '--------'
+
+When D1 is accessed, accesses to D2 are locked out for the full
+duration of the operation (muxes on the top child adapter of M1
+are locked). Accesses to D3 and D4 are possibly interleaved at
+any point, just as is expected for mux-locked muxes.
+
+When D3 or D4 are accessed, everything else is locked out. For D3
+accesses, M1 locks the root adapter. For D4 accesses, the root
+adapter is locked directly.
+
+
+Two mux-locked sibling muxes
+----------------------------
+
+This is a good topology::
+
+ .--------.
+ .----------. .--| dev D1 |
+ | mux- |--' '--------'
+ .--| locked | .--------.
+ | | mux M1 |-----| dev D2 |
+ | '----------' '--------'
+ | .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | | mux- |-----| dev D3 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M2 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' '--| dev D4 |
+ | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D5 |
+ '--------'
+
+When D1 is accessed, accesses to D2, D3 and D4 are locked out. But
+accesses to D5 may be interleaved at any time.
+
+
+Two parent-locked sibling muxes
+-------------------------------
+
+This is a good topology::
+
+ .--------.
+ .----------. .--| dev D1 |
+ | parent- |--' '--------'
+ .--| locked | .--------.
+ | | mux M1 |-----| dev D2 |
+ | '----------' '--------'
+ | .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | | parent- |-----| dev D3 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M2 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' '--| dev D4 |
+ | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D5 |
+ '--------'
+
+When any device is accessed, accesses to all other devices are locked
+out.
+
+
+Mux-locked and parent-locked sibling muxes
+------------------------------------------
+
+This is a good topology::
+
+ .--------.
+ .----------. .--| dev D1 |
+ | mux- |--' '--------'
+ .--| locked | .--------.
+ | | mux M1 |-----| dev D2 |
+ | '----------' '--------'
+ | .----------. .--------.
+ .--------. | | parent- |-----| dev D3 |
+ | root |--+--| locked | '--------'
+ '--------' | | mux M2 |--. .--------.
+ | '----------' '--| dev D4 |
+ | .--------. '--------'
+ '--| dev D5 |
+ '--------'
+
+When D1 or D2 are accessed, accesses to D3 and D4 are locked out while
+accesses to D5 may interleave. When D3 or D4 are accessed, accesses to
+all other devices are locked out.
+
+
+Mux type of existing device drivers
+===================================
+
+Whether a device is mux-locked or parent-locked depends on its
+implementation. The following list was correct at the time of writing:
+
+In drivers/i2c/muxes/:
+
+====================== =============================================
+i2c-arb-gpio-challenge Parent-locked
+i2c-mux-gpio Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff
+ all involved gpio pins are controlled by the
+ same I2C root adapter that they mux.
+i2c-mux-gpmux Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff
+ specified in device-tree.
+i2c-mux-ltc4306 Mux-locked
+i2c-mux-mlxcpld Parent-locked
+i2c-mux-pca9541 Parent-locked
+i2c-mux-pca954x Parent-locked
+i2c-mux-pinctrl Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff
+ all involved pinctrl devices are controlled
+ by the same I2C root adapter that they mux.
+i2c-mux-reg Parent-locked
+====================== =============================================
+
+In drivers/iio/:
+
+====================== =============================================
+gyro/mpu3050 Mux-locked
+imu/inv_mpu6050/ Mux-locked
+====================== =============================================
+
+In drivers/media/:
+
+======================= =============================================
+dvb-frontends/lgdt3306a Mux-locked
+dvb-frontends/m88ds3103 Parent-locked
+dvb-frontends/rtl2830 Parent-locked
+dvb-frontends/rtl2832 Mux-locked
+dvb-frontends/si2168 Mux-locked
+usb/cx231xx/ Parent-locked
+======================= =============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/i2c_bus.svg b/Documentation/i2c/i2c_bus.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3170de976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/i2c_bus.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,1341 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
+
+<svg
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
+ xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+ xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
+ xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
+ sodipodi:docname="i2c_bus.svg"
+ inkscape:version="0.92.3 (2405546, 2018-03-11)"
+ version="1.1"
+ id="svg2"
+ viewBox="0 0 813.34215 261.01596"
+ height="73.664505mm"
+ width="229.54323mm">
+ <defs
+ id="defs4">
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker8861"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path8859"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker6165"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM"
+ inkscape:collect="always">
+ <path
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ id="path6163"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker2713"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM">
+ <path
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ id="path2711"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="DotM"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ inkscape:collect="always">
+ <path
+ id="path1795"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker6389"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend">
+ <path
+ transform="scale(-0.6)"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ id="path6387"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="TriangleOutM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="TriangleOutM"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path4107"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#008000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#008000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="scale(0.4)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="TriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker5333"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path5335"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="scale(0.8)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="TriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="TriangleOutL"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path5049"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="scale(0.8)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="DotS"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="DotS"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path9326"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ style="fill:#404040;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#404040;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.2,0,0,0.2,1.48,0.2)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mstart"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mstart"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path9283"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(0.6)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path9097"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker8935"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path8937"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker8781"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path8783"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Lend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Lend"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path4700"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="matrix(-1.1,0,0,-1.1,-1.1,0)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ id="path4502"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-4"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-7"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-4-4"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-7-5"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-7"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-5"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-2"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-78"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-57"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-1"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-8"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-9"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-75"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="EmptyTriangleOutL"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="EmptyTriangleOutL-78-2"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4502-57-6"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.8,0,0,0.8,-4.8,0)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-5"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-3"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-5-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-3-2"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-5-6-1"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-3-2-2"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-5-7"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-3-0"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-9"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-36"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-31"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-9"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-5-7-5"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-3-0-4"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-9-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-36-5"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mend-3-5-7-3"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4369-6-3-0-5"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-3"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-1"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-3-7"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-1-8"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-3"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-2"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-0"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-4"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-7"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5-9"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5-3"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5-4"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5-5"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5-4-4"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5-5-3"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5-4-4-9"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5-5-3-2"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5-4-4-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5-5-3-8"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5-4-4-2"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5-5-3-7"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-3"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-6"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-6-5-4-4-6-5"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-1-5-5-3-8-3"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-27"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-09"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-27-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-09-2"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-27-0"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-09-23"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-9"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-7"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-4-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-7-7"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-4-6-3"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-7-7-5"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-4-6-2"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-7-7-9"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="TriangleOutM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="TriangleOutM-2"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path4107-7"
+ d="M 5.77,0 -2.88,5 V -5 Z"
+ style="fill:#008000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#008000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="scale(0.4)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mstart"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="Arrow2Mstart-9"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9283-3"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="Arrow2Mend"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="marker9095-1-5-4-6-6"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path9097-2-0-7-7-0"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="M 8.7185878,4.0337352 -2.2072895,0.01601326 8.7185884,-4.0017078 c -1.7454984,2.3720609 -1.7354408,5.6174519 -6e-7,8.035443 z"
+ transform="scale(-0.6)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="DotM-3"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path1795-7"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker2713-9"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ id="path2711-2" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="DotM-2"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ inkscape:collect="always">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path1795-8"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker2713-3"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ id="path2711-6" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="DotM-1"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ inkscape:collect="always">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path1795-2"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker2713-94"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ id="path2711-7" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM"
+ orient="auto"
+ refY="0"
+ refX="0"
+ id="DotM-8"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ inkscape:collect="always">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ id="path1795-4"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker2713-36"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM">
+ <path
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ id="path2711-1" />
+ </marker>
+ <marker
+ inkscape:isstock="true"
+ style="overflow:visible"
+ id="marker6165-5"
+ refX="0"
+ refY="0"
+ orient="auto"
+ inkscape:stockid="DotM">
+ <path
+ transform="matrix(0.4,0,0,0.4,2.96,0.4)"
+ style="fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.00000003pt;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m -2.5,-1 c 0,2.76 -2.24,5 -5,5 -2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5 0,-2.76 2.24,-5 5,-5 2.76,0 5,2.24 5,5 z"
+ id="path6163-5"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ </marker>
+ </defs>
+ <sodipodi:namedview
+ showguides="true"
+ inkscape:window-maximized="1"
+ inkscape:window-y="0"
+ inkscape:window-x="0"
+ inkscape:window-height="1015"
+ inkscape:window-width="1920"
+ showgrid="true"
+ inkscape:current-layer="layer1"
+ inkscape:document-units="px"
+ inkscape:cy="214.66765"
+ inkscape:cx="-167.56857"
+ inkscape:zoom="0.70710678"
+ inkscape:pageshadow="2"
+ inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
+ borderopacity="1.0"
+ bordercolor="#666666"
+ pagecolor="#ffffff"
+ id="base"
+ inkscape:snap-to-guides="true"
+ inkscape:snap-grids="true"
+ inkscape:snap-bbox="false"
+ inkscape:object-nodes="true"
+ fit-margin-top="5"
+ fit-margin-left="5"
+ fit-margin-right="5"
+ fit-margin-bottom="5">
+ <inkscape:grid
+ type="xygrid"
+ id="grid4451"
+ originx="-93.377219"
+ originy="-347.2523" />
+ </sodipodi:namedview>
+ <metadata
+ id="metadata7">
+ <rdf:RDF>
+ <cc:Work
+ rdf:about="">
+ <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
+ <dc:type
+ rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
+ <dc:title></dc:title>
+ <dc:creator>
+ <cc:Agent>
+ <dc:title>Luca Ceresoli</dc:title>
+ </cc:Agent>
+ </dc:creator>
+ <dc:date>2020</dc:date>
+ <cc:license
+ rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" />
+ </cc:Work>
+ <cc:License
+ rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">
+ <cc:permits
+ rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction" />
+ <cc:permits
+ rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution" />
+ <cc:requires
+ rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice" />
+ <cc:requires
+ rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution" />
+ <cc:permits
+ rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#DerivativeWorks" />
+ <cc:requires
+ rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#ShareAlike" />
+ </cc:License>
+ </rdf:RDF>
+ </metadata>
+ <g
+ inkscape:label="Livello 1"
+ inkscape:groupmode="layer"
+ id="layer1"
+ transform="translate(-93.377215,-444.09395)">
+ <rect
+ style="opacity:1;fill:#ffb9b9;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#f00000;stroke-width:2.8125;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+ id="rect4424-3-2-9-7"
+ width="112.5"
+ height="113.75008"
+ x="112.5"
+ y="471.11221"
+ rx="0"
+ ry="0" />
+ <text
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:0%;font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
+ x="167.5354"
+ y="521.46259"
+ id="text4349"><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="167.5354"
+ y="521.46259"
+ style="font-size:25px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle"
+ id="tspan1273">I2C</tspan><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="167.5354"
+ y="552.71259"
+ style="font-size:25px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle"
+ id="tspan1285">Master</tspan></text>
+ <rect
+ style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;fill:#b9ffb9;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#006400;stroke-width:2.8125;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
+ id="rect4424-3-2-9-7-3-3-5-3"
+ width="112.49998"
+ height="112.50001"
+ x="262.5"
+ y="471.11218"
+ rx="0"
+ ry="0" />
+ <path
+ style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968767;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m 112.50002,639.86223 c 712.50002,0 712.50002,0 712.50002,0"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ <text
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:0%;font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
+ x="318.59131"
+ y="520.83752"
+ id="text4349-26"><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="318.59131"
+ y="520.83752"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1273-8">I2C</tspan><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="318.59131"
+ y="552.08752"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1287">Slave</tspan></text>
+ <path
+ style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968767;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m 112.49995,677.36223 c 712.50005,0 712.50005,0 712.50005,0"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-2"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ <text
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:0%;font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
+ x="861.07312"
+ y="687.03937"
+ id="text4349-7"><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="861.07312"
+ y="687.03937"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;writing-mode:lr-tb;direction:ltr;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1285-9">SCL</tspan></text>
+ <flowRoot
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ id="flowRoot1627"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:40px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"><flowRegion
+ id="flowRegion1629"><rect
+ id="rect1631"
+ width="220"
+ height="120"
+ x="140"
+ y="-126.29921" /></flowRegion><flowPara
+ id="flowPara1633" /></flowRoot> <text
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:0%;font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
+ x="863.31921"
+ y="648.96735"
+ id="text4349-7-3"><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="863.31921"
+ y="648.96735"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1285-9-6">SDA</tspan></text>
+ <rect
+ style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:#b9ffb9;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#006400;stroke-width:2.8125;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
+ id="rect4424-3-2-9-7-3-3-5-3-0"
+ width="112.49998"
+ height="112.50002"
+ x="412.5"
+ y="471.11215"
+ rx="0"
+ ry="0" />
+ <text
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:0%;font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
+ x="468.59131"
+ y="520.83746"
+ id="text4349-26-6"><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="468.59131"
+ y="520.83746"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1273-8-2">I2C</tspan><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="468.59131"
+ y="552.08746"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1287-6">Slave</tspan></text>
+ <rect
+ style="color:#000000;clip-rule:nonzero;display:inline;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;opacity:1;isolation:auto;mix-blend-mode:normal;color-interpolation:sRGB;color-interpolation-filters:linearRGB;solid-color:#000000;solid-opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:#b9ffb9;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#006400;stroke-width:2.8125;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;color-rendering:auto;image-rendering:auto;shape-rendering:auto;text-rendering:auto;enable-background:accumulate"
+ id="rect4424-3-2-9-7-3-3-5-3-1"
+ width="112.49998"
+ height="112.50002"
+ x="562.5"
+ y="471.11215"
+ rx="0"
+ ry="0" />
+ <text
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:0%;font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
+ x="618.59131"
+ y="520.83746"
+ id="text4349-26-8"><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="618.59131"
+ y="520.83746"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1273-8-7">I2C</tspan><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="618.59131"
+ y="552.08746"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1287-9">Slave</tspan></text>
+ <path
+ style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#DotM)"
+ d="m 150,583.61221 v 93.75"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#marker2713)"
+ d="m 187.5,583.61221 v 56.25"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20-2"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#DotM-2)"
+ d="m 300,583.61221 v 93.75"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20-9"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#marker2713-9)"
+ d="m 337.5,583.61221 v 56.25"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20-2-7"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#DotM-1)"
+ d="m 450,583.61221 v 93.75"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20-93"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#marker2713-3)"
+ d="m 487.5,583.61221 v 56.25"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20-2-1"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#DotM-8)"
+ d="m 600,583.61221 v 93.75"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20-5"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#marker2713-94)"
+ d="m 637.5,583.61221 v 56.25"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-20-2-0"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+ <path
+ style="opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;marker-start:url(#marker6165);marker-end:url(#marker6165)"
+ d="m 750,471.11221 v 28.125 l 9.375,9.375 -18.74999,18.75 18.74999,18.75 -18.74999,18.75 18.74999,18.75 -9.375,9.375 v 28.125 0 0 56.25"
+ id="path6135"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccccccccc" />
+ <path
+ style="opacity:1;vector-effect:none;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968743;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1;marker-start:url(#marker8861);marker-end:url(#marker6165-5)"
+ d="m 787.49999,471.11221 v 28.125 l 9.375,9.375 -18.74999,18.75 18.74999,18.75 -18.74999,18.75 18.74999,18.75 -9.375,9.375 v 28.125 0 0 18.75001"
+ id="path6135-4"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+ sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccccccccc" />
+ <path
+ style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.99968719;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+ d="m 712.5,471.11221 c 112.49999,0 112.49999,0 112.49999,0"
+ id="path4655-9-3-65-5-6-7"
+ inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+ <text
+ xml:space="preserve"
+ style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:0%;font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
+ x="859.94275"
+ y="480.03558"
+ id="text4349-7-3-6"><tspan
+ sodipodi:role="line"
+ x="859.94275"
+ y="480.03558"
+ style="font-size:25.00000191px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:1px"
+ id="tspan1285-9-6-5">V<tspan
+ style="font-size:64.99999762%;baseline-shift:sub"
+ id="tspan9307">DD</tspan></tspan></text>
+ </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/index.rst b/Documentation/i2c/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6270f1fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===================
+I2C/SMBus Subsystem
+===================
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ summary
+ i2c-protocol
+ smbus-protocol
+ instantiating-devices
+ busses/index
+ i2c-topology
+ muxes/i2c-mux-gpio
+ i2c-sysfs
+
+Writing device drivers
+======================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ writing-clients
+ dev-interface
+ dma-considerations
+ fault-codes
+ functionality
+
+Debugging
+=========
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ gpio-fault-injection
+ i2c-stub
+
+Slave I2C
+=========
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ slave-interface
+ slave-eeprom-backend
+ slave-testunit-backend
+
+Advanced topics
+===============
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ ten-bit-addresses
+
+Legacy documentation
+====================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ old-module-parameters
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices.rst b/Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ea056a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+==============================
+How to instantiate I2C devices
+==============================
+
+Unlike PCI or USB devices, I2C devices are not enumerated at the hardware
+level. Instead, the software must know which devices are connected on each
+I2C bus segment, and what address these devices are using. For this
+reason, the kernel code must instantiate I2C devices explicitly. There are
+several ways to achieve this, depending on the context and requirements.
+
+
+Method 1: Declare the I2C devices statically
+--------------------------------------------
+
+This method is appropriate when the I2C bus is a system bus as is the case
+for many embedded systems. On such systems, each I2C bus has a number which
+is known in advance. It is thus possible to pre-declare the I2C devices
+which live on this bus.
+
+This information is provided to the kernel in a different way on different
+architectures: device tree, ACPI or board files.
+
+When the I2C bus in question is registered, the I2C devices will be
+instantiated automatically by i2c-core. The devices will be automatically
+unbound and destroyed when the I2C bus they sit on goes away (if ever).
+
+
+Declare the I2C devices via devicetree
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+On platforms using devicetree, the declaration of I2C devices is done in
+subnodes of the master controller.
+
+Example:
+
+.. code-block:: dts
+
+ i2c1: i2c@400a0000 {
+ /* ... master properties skipped ... */
+ clock-frequency = <100000>;
+
+ flash@50 {
+ compatible = "atmel,24c256";
+ reg = <0x50>;
+ };
+
+ pca9532: gpio@60 {
+ compatible = "nxp,pca9532";
+ gpio-controller;
+ #gpio-cells = <2>;
+ reg = <0x60>;
+ };
+ };
+
+Here, two devices are attached to the bus using a speed of 100kHz. For
+additional properties which might be needed to set up the device, please refer
+to its devicetree documentation in Documentation/devicetree/bindings/.
+
+
+Declare the I2C devices via ACPI
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+ACPI can also describe I2C devices. There is special documentation for this
+which is currently located at Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/enumeration.rst.
+
+
+Declare the I2C devices in board files
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In many embedded architectures, devicetree has replaced the old hardware
+description based on board files, but the latter are still used in old
+code. Instantiating I2C devices via board files is done with an array of
+struct i2c_board_info which is registered by calling
+i2c_register_board_info().
+
+Example (from omap2 h4):
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static struct i2c_board_info h4_i2c_board_info[] __initdata = {
+ {
+ I2C_BOARD_INFO("isp1301_omap", 0x2d),
+ .irq = OMAP_GPIO_IRQ(125),
+ },
+ { /* EEPROM on mainboard */
+ I2C_BOARD_INFO("24c01", 0x52),
+ .platform_data = &m24c01,
+ },
+ { /* EEPROM on cpu card */
+ I2C_BOARD_INFO("24c01", 0x57),
+ .platform_data = &m24c01,
+ },
+ };
+
+ static void __init omap_h4_init(void)
+ {
+ (...)
+ i2c_register_board_info(1, h4_i2c_board_info,
+ ARRAY_SIZE(h4_i2c_board_info));
+ (...)
+ }
+
+The above code declares 3 devices on I2C bus 1, including their respective
+addresses and custom data needed by their drivers.
+
+
+Method 2: Instantiate the devices explicitly
+--------------------------------------------
+
+This method is appropriate when a larger device uses an I2C bus for
+internal communication. A typical case is TV adapters. These can have a
+tuner, a video decoder, an audio decoder, etc. usually connected to the
+main chip by the means of an I2C bus. You won't know the number of the I2C
+bus in advance, so the method 1 described above can't be used. Instead,
+you can instantiate your I2C devices explicitly. This is done by filling
+a struct i2c_board_info and calling i2c_new_client_device().
+
+Example (from the sfe4001 network driver):
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static struct i2c_board_info sfe4001_hwmon_info = {
+ I2C_BOARD_INFO("max6647", 0x4e),
+ };
+
+ int sfe4001_init(struct efx_nic *efx)
+ {
+ (...)
+ efx->board_info.hwmon_client =
+ i2c_new_client_device(&efx->i2c_adap, &sfe4001_hwmon_info);
+
+ (...)
+ }
+
+The above code instantiates 1 I2C device on the I2C bus which is on the
+network adapter in question.
+
+A variant of this is when you don't know for sure if an I2C device is
+present or not (for example for an optional feature which is not present
+on cheap variants of a board but you have no way to tell them apart), or
+it may have different addresses from one board to the next (manufacturer
+changing its design without notice). In this case, you can call
+i2c_new_scanned_device() instead of i2c_new_client_device().
+
+Example (from the nxp OHCI driver):
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static const unsigned short normal_i2c[] = { 0x2c, 0x2d, I2C_CLIENT_END };
+
+ static int usb_hcd_nxp_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+ {
+ (...)
+ struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adap;
+ struct i2c_board_info i2c_info;
+
+ (...)
+ i2c_adap = i2c_get_adapter(2);
+ memset(&i2c_info, 0, sizeof(struct i2c_board_info));
+ strscpy(i2c_info.type, "isp1301_nxp", sizeof(i2c_info.type));
+ isp1301_i2c_client = i2c_new_scanned_device(i2c_adap, &i2c_info,
+ normal_i2c, NULL);
+ i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adap);
+ (...)
+ }
+
+The above code instantiates up to 1 I2C device on the I2C bus which is on
+the OHCI adapter in question. It first tries at address 0x2c, if nothing
+is found there it tries address 0x2d, and if still nothing is found, it
+simply gives up.
+
+The driver which instantiated the I2C device is responsible for destroying
+it on cleanup. This is done by calling i2c_unregister_device() on the
+pointer that was earlier returned by i2c_new_client_device() or
+i2c_new_scanned_device().
+
+
+Method 3: Probe an I2C bus for certain devices
+----------------------------------------------
+
+Sometimes you do not have enough information about an I2C device, not even
+to call i2c_new_scanned_device(). The typical case is hardware monitoring
+chips on PC mainboards. There are several dozen models, which can live
+at 25 different addresses. Given the huge number of mainboards out there,
+it is next to impossible to build an exhaustive list of the hardware
+monitoring chips being used. Fortunately, most of these chips have
+manufacturer and device ID registers, so they can be identified by
+probing.
+
+In that case, I2C devices are neither declared nor instantiated
+explicitly. Instead, i2c-core will probe for such devices as soon as their
+drivers are loaded, and if any is found, an I2C device will be
+instantiated automatically. In order to prevent any misbehavior of this
+mechanism, the following restrictions apply:
+
+* The I2C device driver must implement the detect() method, which
+ identifies a supported device by reading from arbitrary registers.
+* Only buses which are likely to have a supported device and agree to be
+ probed, will be probed. For example this avoids probing for hardware
+ monitoring chips on a TV adapter.
+
+Example:
+See lm90_driver and lm90_detect() in drivers/hwmon/lm90.c
+
+I2C devices instantiated as a result of such a successful probe will be
+destroyed automatically when the driver which detected them is removed,
+or when the underlying I2C bus is itself destroyed, whichever happens
+first.
+
+Those of you familiar with the I2C subsystem of 2.4 kernels and early 2.6
+kernels will find out that this method 3 is essentially similar to what
+was done there. Two significant differences are:
+
+* Probing is only one way to instantiate I2C devices now, while it was the
+ only way back then. Where possible, methods 1 and 2 should be preferred.
+ Method 3 should only be used when there is no other way, as it can have
+ undesirable side effects.
+* I2C buses must now explicitly say which I2C driver classes can probe
+ them (by the means of the class bitfield), while all I2C buses were
+ probed by default back then. The default is an empty class which means
+ that no probing happens. The purpose of the class bitfield is to limit
+ the aforementioned undesirable side effects.
+
+Once again, method 3 should be avoided wherever possible. Explicit device
+instantiation (methods 1 and 2) is much preferred for it is safer and
+faster.
+
+
+Method 4: Instantiate from user-space
+-------------------------------------
+
+In general, the kernel should know which I2C devices are connected and
+what addresses they live at. However, in certain cases, it does not, so a
+sysfs interface was added to let the user provide the information. This
+interface is made of 2 attribute files which are created in every I2C bus
+directory: ``new_device`` and ``delete_device``. Both files are write
+only and you must write the right parameters to them in order to properly
+instantiate, respectively delete, an I2C device.
+
+File ``new_device`` takes 2 parameters: the name of the I2C device (a
+string) and the address of the I2C device (a number, typically expressed
+in hexadecimal starting with 0x, but can also be expressed in decimal.)
+
+File ``delete_device`` takes a single parameter: the address of the I2C
+device. As no two devices can live at the same address on a given I2C
+segment, the address is sufficient to uniquely identify the device to be
+deleted.
+
+Example::
+
+ # echo eeprom 0x50 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-3/new_device
+
+While this interface should only be used when in-kernel device declaration
+can't be done, there is a variety of cases where it can be helpful:
+
+* The I2C driver usually detects devices (method 3 above) but the bus
+ segment your device lives on doesn't have the proper class bit set and
+ thus detection doesn't trigger.
+* The I2C driver usually detects devices, but your device lives at an
+ unexpected address.
+* The I2C driver usually detects devices, but your device is not detected,
+ either because the detection routine is too strict, or because your
+ device is not officially supported yet but you know it is compatible.
+* You are developing a driver on a test board, where you soldered the I2C
+ device yourself.
+
+This interface is a replacement for the force_* module parameters some I2C
+drivers implement. Being implemented in i2c-core rather than in each
+device driver individually, it is much more efficient, and also has the
+advantage that you do not have to reload the driver to change a setting.
+You can also instantiate the device before the driver is loaded or even
+available, and you don't need to know what driver the device needs.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/muxes/i2c-mux-gpio.rst b/Documentation/i2c/muxes/i2c-mux-gpio.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d2744403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/muxes/i2c-mux-gpio.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+==========================
+Kernel driver i2c-mux-gpio
+==========================
+
+Author: Peter Korsgaard <peter.korsgaard@barco.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+i2c-mux-gpio is an i2c mux driver providing access to I2C bus segments
+from a master I2C bus and a hardware MUX controlled through GPIO pins.
+
+E.G.::
+
+ ---------- ---------- Bus segment 1 - - - - -
+ | | SCL/SDA | |-------------- | |
+ | |------------| |
+ | | | | Bus segment 2 | |
+ | Linux | GPIO 1..N | MUX |--------------- Devices
+ | |------------| | | |
+ | | | | Bus segment M
+ | | | |---------------| |
+ ---------- ---------- - - - - -
+
+SCL/SDA of the master I2C bus is multiplexed to bus segment 1..M
+according to the settings of the GPIO pins 1..N.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+i2c-mux-gpio uses the platform bus, so you need to provide a struct
+platform_device with the platform_data pointing to a struct
+i2c_mux_gpio_platform_data with the I2C adapter number of the master
+bus, the number of bus segments to create and the GPIO pins used
+to control it. See include/linux/platform_data/i2c-mux-gpio.h for details.
+
+E.G. something like this for a MUX providing 4 bus segments
+controlled through 3 GPIO pins::
+
+ #include <linux/platform_data/i2c-mux-gpio.h>
+ #include <linux/platform_device.h>
+
+ static const unsigned myboard_gpiomux_gpios[] = {
+ AT91_PIN_PC26, AT91_PIN_PC25, AT91_PIN_PC24
+ };
+
+ static const unsigned myboard_gpiomux_values[] = {
+ 0, 1, 2, 3
+ };
+
+ static struct i2c_mux_gpio_platform_data myboard_i2cmux_data = {
+ .parent = 1,
+ .base_nr = 2, /* optional */
+ .values = myboard_gpiomux_values,
+ .n_values = ARRAY_SIZE(myboard_gpiomux_values),
+ .gpios = myboard_gpiomux_gpios,
+ .n_gpios = ARRAY_SIZE(myboard_gpiomux_gpios),
+ .idle = 4, /* optional */
+ };
+
+ static struct platform_device myboard_i2cmux = {
+ .name = "i2c-mux-gpio",
+ .id = 0,
+ .dev = {
+ .platform_data = &myboard_i2cmux_data,
+ },
+ };
+
+If you don't know the absolute GPIO pin numbers at registration time,
+you can instead provide a chip name (.chip_name) and relative GPIO pin
+numbers, and the i2c-mux-gpio driver will do the work for you,
+including deferred probing if the GPIO chip isn't immediately
+available.
+
+Device Registration
+-------------------
+
+When registering your i2c-mux-gpio device, you should pass the number
+of any GPIO pin it uses as the device ID. This guarantees that every
+instance has a different ID.
+
+Alternatively, if you don't need a stable device name, you can simply
+pass PLATFORM_DEVID_AUTO as the device ID, and the platform core will
+assign a dynamic ID to your device. If you do not know the absolute
+GPIO pin numbers at registration time, this is even the only option.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/old-module-parameters.rst b/Documentation/i2c/old-module-parameters.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b08b6daab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/old-module-parameters.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+================================================================
+I2C device driver binding control from user-space in old kernels
+================================================================
+
+.. NOTE::
+ Note: this section is only relevant if you are handling some old code
+ found in kernel 2.6. If you work with more recent kernels, you can
+ safely skip this section.
+
+Up to kernel 2.6.32, many I2C drivers used helper macros provided by
+<linux/i2c.h> which created standard module parameters to let the user
+control how the driver would probe I2C buses and attach to devices. These
+parameters were known as ``probe`` (to let the driver probe for an extra
+address), ``force`` (to forcibly attach the driver to a given device) and
+``ignore`` (to prevent a driver from probing a given address).
+
+With the conversion of the I2C subsystem to the standard device driver
+binding model, it became clear that these per-module parameters were no
+longer needed, and that a centralized implementation was possible. The new,
+sysfs-based interface is described in
+Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices.rst, section
+"Method 4: Instantiate from user-space".
+
+Below is a mapping from the old module parameters to the new interface.
+
+Attaching a driver to an I2C device
+-----------------------------------
+
+Old method (module parameters)::
+
+ # modprobe <driver> probe=1,0x2d
+ # modprobe <driver> force=1,0x2d
+ # modprobe <driver> force_<device>=1,0x2d
+
+New method (sysfs interface)::
+
+ # echo <device> 0x2d > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device
+
+Preventing a driver from attaching to an I2C device
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+Old method (module parameters)::
+
+ # modprobe <driver> ignore=1,0x2f
+
+New method (sysfs interface)::
+
+ # echo dummy 0x2f > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device
+ # modprobe <driver>
+
+Of course, it is important to instantiate the ``dummy`` device before loading
+the driver. The dummy device will be handled by i2c-core itself, preventing
+other drivers from binding to it later on. If there is a real device at the
+problematic address, and you want another driver to bind to it, then simply
+pass the name of the device in question instead of ``dummy``.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/slave-eeprom-backend.rst b/Documentation/i2c/slave-eeprom-backend.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38d951f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/slave-eeprom-backend.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+==============================
+Linux I2C slave EEPROM backend
+==============================
+
+by Wolfram Sang <wsa@sang-engineering.com> in 2014-20
+
+This backend simulates an EEPROM on the connected I2C bus. Its memory contents
+can be accessed from userspace via this file located in sysfs::
+
+ /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<device-directory>/slave-eeprom
+
+The following types are available: 24c02, 24c32, 24c64, and 24c512. Read-only
+variants are also supported. The name needed for instantiating has the form
+'slave-<type>[ro]'. Examples follow:
+
+24c02, read/write, address 0x64:
+ # echo slave-24c02 0x1064 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device
+
+24c512, read-only, address 0x42:
+ # echo slave-24c512ro 0x1042 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device
+
+You can also preload data during boot if a device-property named
+'firmware-name' contains a valid filename (DT or ACPI only).
+
+As of 2015, Linux doesn't support poll on binary sysfs files, so there is no
+notification when another master changed the content.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/slave-interface.rst b/Documentation/i2c/slave-interface.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f0d320bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/slave-interface.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+=====================================
+Linux I2C slave interface description
+=====================================
+
+by Wolfram Sang <wsa@sang-engineering.com> in 2014-15
+
+Linux can also be an I2C slave if the I2C controller in use has slave
+functionality. For that to work, one needs slave support in the bus driver plus
+a hardware independent software backend providing the actual functionality. An
+example for the latter is the slave-eeprom driver, which acts as a dual memory
+driver. While another I2C master on the bus can access it like a regular
+EEPROM, the Linux I2C slave can access the content via sysfs and handle data as
+needed. The backend driver and the I2C bus driver communicate via events. Here
+is a small graph visualizing the data flow and the means by which data is
+transported. The dotted line marks only one example. The backend could also
+use a character device, be in-kernel only, or something completely different::
+
+
+ e.g. sysfs I2C slave events I/O registers
+ +-----------+ v +---------+ v +--------+ v +------------+
+ | Userspace +........+ Backend +-----------+ Driver +-----+ Controller |
+ +-----------+ +---------+ +--------+ +------------+
+ | |
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------+-- I2C
+ --------------------------------------------------------------+---- Bus
+
+Note: Technically, there is also the I2C core between the backend and the
+driver. However, at this time of writing, the layer is transparent.
+
+
+User manual
+===========
+
+I2C slave backends behave like standard I2C clients. So, you can instantiate
+them as described in the document instantiating-devices.rst. The only
+difference is that i2c slave backends have their own address space. So, you
+have to add 0x1000 to the address you would originally request. An example for
+instantiating the slave-eeprom driver from userspace at the 7 bit address 0x64
+on bus 1::
+
+ # echo slave-24c02 0x1064 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device
+
+Each backend should come with separate documentation to describe its specific
+behaviour and setup.
+
+
+Developer manual
+================
+
+First, the events which are used by the bus driver and the backend will be
+described in detail. After that, some implementation hints for extending bus
+drivers and writing backends will be given.
+
+
+I2C slave events
+----------------
+
+The bus driver sends an event to the backend using the following function::
+
+ ret = i2c_slave_event(client, event, &val)
+
+'client' describes the I2C slave device. 'event' is one of the special event
+types described hereafter. 'val' holds an u8 value for the data byte to be
+read/written and is thus bidirectional. The pointer to val must always be
+provided even if val is not used for an event, i.e. don't use NULL here. 'ret'
+is the return value from the backend. Mandatory events must be provided by the
+bus drivers and must be checked for by backend drivers.
+
+Event types:
+
+* I2C_SLAVE_WRITE_REQUESTED (mandatory)
+
+ 'val': unused
+
+ 'ret': 0 if the backend is ready, otherwise some errno
+
+Another I2C master wants to write data to us. This event should be sent once
+our own address and the write bit was detected. The data did not arrive yet, so
+there is nothing to process or return. After returning, the bus driver must
+always ack the address phase. If 'ret' is zero, backend initialization or
+wakeup is done and further data may be received. If 'ret' is an errno, the bus
+driver should nack all incoming bytes until the next stop condition to enforce
+a retry of the transmission.
+
+* I2C_SLAVE_READ_REQUESTED (mandatory)
+
+ 'val': backend returns first byte to be sent
+
+ 'ret': always 0
+
+Another I2C master wants to read data from us. This event should be sent once
+our own address and the read bit was detected. After returning, the bus driver
+should transmit the first byte.
+
+* I2C_SLAVE_WRITE_RECEIVED (mandatory)
+
+ 'val': bus driver delivers received byte
+
+ 'ret': 0 if the byte should be acked, some errno if the byte should be nacked
+
+Another I2C master has sent a byte to us which needs to be set in 'val'. If 'ret'
+is zero, the bus driver should ack this byte. If 'ret' is an errno, then the byte
+should be nacked.
+
+* I2C_SLAVE_READ_PROCESSED (mandatory)
+
+ 'val': backend returns next byte to be sent
+
+ 'ret': always 0
+
+The bus driver requests the next byte to be sent to another I2C master in
+'val'. Important: This does not mean that the previous byte has been acked, it
+only means that the previous byte is shifted out to the bus! To ensure seamless
+transmission, most hardware requests the next byte when the previous one is
+still shifted out. If the master sends NACK and stops reading after the byte
+currently shifted out, this byte requested here is never used. It very likely
+needs to be sent again on the next I2C_SLAVE_READ_REQUEST, depending a bit on
+your backend, though.
+
+* I2C_SLAVE_STOP (mandatory)
+
+ 'val': unused
+
+ 'ret': always 0
+
+A stop condition was received. This can happen anytime and the backend should
+reset its state machine for I2C transfers to be able to receive new requests.
+
+
+Software backends
+-----------------
+
+If you want to write a software backend:
+
+* use a standard i2c_driver and its matching mechanisms
+* write the slave_callback which handles the above slave events
+ (best using a state machine)
+* register this callback via i2c_slave_register()
+
+Check the i2c-slave-eeprom driver as an example.
+
+
+Bus driver support
+------------------
+
+If you want to add slave support to the bus driver:
+
+* implement calls to register/unregister the slave and add those to the
+ struct i2c_algorithm. When registering, you probably need to set the I2C
+ slave address and enable slave specific interrupts. If you use runtime pm, you
+ should use pm_runtime_get_sync() because your device usually needs to be
+ powered on always to be able to detect its slave address. When unregistering,
+ do the inverse of the above.
+
+* Catch the slave interrupts and send appropriate i2c_slave_events to the backend.
+
+Note that most hardware supports being master _and_ slave on the same bus. So,
+if you extend a bus driver, please make sure that the driver supports that as
+well. In almost all cases, slave support does not need to disable the master
+functionality.
+
+Check the i2c-rcar driver as an example.
+
+
+About ACK/NACK
+--------------
+
+It is good behaviour to always ACK the address phase, so the master knows if a
+device is basically present or if it mysteriously disappeared. Using NACK to
+state being busy is troublesome. SMBus demands to always ACK the address phase,
+while the I2C specification is more loose on that. Most I2C controllers also
+automatically ACK when detecting their slave addresses, so there is no option
+to NACK them. For those reasons, this API does not support NACK in the address
+phase.
+
+Currently, there is no slave event to report if the master did ACK or NACK a
+byte when it reads from us. We could make this an optional event if the need
+arises. However, cases should be extremely rare because the master is expected
+to send STOP after that and we have an event for that. Also, keep in mind not
+all I2C controllers have the possibility to report that event.
+
+
+About buffers
+-------------
+
+During development of this API, the question of using buffers instead of just
+bytes came up. Such an extension might be possible, usefulness is unclear at
+this time of writing. Some points to keep in mind when using buffers:
+
+* Buffers should be opt-in and backend drivers will always have to support
+ byte-based transactions as the ultimate fallback anyhow because this is how
+ the majority of HW works.
+
+* For backends simulating hardware registers, buffers are largely not helpful
+ because after each byte written an action should be immediately triggered.
+ For reads, the data kept in the buffer might get stale if the backend just
+ updated a register because of internal processing.
+
+* A master can send STOP at any time. For partially transferred buffers, this
+ means additional code to handle this exception. Such code tends to be
+ error-prone.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/slave-testunit-backend.rst b/Documentation/i2c/slave-testunit-backend.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecfc2abec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/slave-testunit-backend.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+================================
+Linux I2C slave testunit backend
+================================
+
+by Wolfram Sang <wsa@sang-engineering.com> in 2020
+
+This backend can be used to trigger test cases for I2C bus masters which
+require a remote device with certain capabilities (and which are usually not so
+easy to obtain). Examples include multi-master testing, and SMBus Host Notify
+testing. For some tests, the I2C slave controller must be able to switch
+between master and slave mode because it needs to send data, too.
+
+Note that this is a device for testing and debugging. It should not be enabled
+in a production build. And while there is some versioning and we try hard to
+keep backward compatibility, there is no stable ABI guaranteed!
+
+Instantiating the device is regular. Example for bus 0, address 0x30:
+
+# echo "slave-testunit 0x1030" > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-0/new_device
+
+After that, you will have a write-only device listening. Reads will just return
+an 8-bit version number of the testunit. When writing, the device consists of 4
+8-bit registers and, except for some "partial" commands, all registers must be
+written to start a testcase, i.e. you usually write 4 bytes to the device. The
+registers are:
+
+0x00 CMD - which test to trigger
+0x01 DATAL - configuration byte 1 for the test
+0x02 DATAH - configuration byte 2 for the test
+0x03 DELAY - delay in n * 10ms until test is started
+
+Using 'i2cset' from the i2c-tools package, the generic command looks like:
+
+# i2cset -y <bus_num> <testunit_address> <CMD> <DATAL> <DATAH> <DELAY> i
+
+DELAY is a generic parameter which will delay the execution of the test in CMD.
+While a command is running (including the delay), new commands will not be
+acknowledged. You need to wait until the old one is completed.
+
+The commands are described in the following section. An invalid command will
+result in the transfer not being acknowledged.
+
+Commands
+--------
+
+0x00 NOOP (reserved for future use)
+
+0x01 READ_BYTES (also needs master mode)
+ DATAL - address to read data from (lower 7 bits, highest bit currently unused)
+ DATAH - number of bytes to read
+
+This is useful to test if your bus master driver is handling multi-master
+correctly. You can trigger the testunit to read bytes from another device on
+the bus. If the bus master under test also wants to access the bus at the same
+time, the bus will be busy. Example to read 128 bytes from device 0x50 after
+50ms of delay:
+
+# i2cset -y 0 0x30 0x01 0x50 0x80 0x05 i
+
+0x02 SMBUS_HOST_NOTIFY (also needs master mode)
+ DATAL - low byte of the status word to send
+ DATAH - high byte of the status word to send
+
+This test will send an SMBUS_HOST_NOTIFY message to the host. Note that the
+status word is currently ignored in the Linux Kernel. Example to send a
+notification after 10ms:
+
+# i2cset -y 0 0x30 0x02 0x42 0x64 0x01 i
+
+0x03 SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL (partial command)
+ DATAL - must be '1', i.e. one further byte will be written
+ DATAH - number of bytes to be sent back
+ DELAY - not applicable, partial command!
+
+This test will respond to a block process call as defined by the SMBus
+specification. The one data byte written specifies how many bytes will be sent
+back in the following read transfer. Note that in this read transfer, the
+testunit will prefix the length of the bytes to follow. So, if your host bus
+driver emulates SMBus calls like the majority does, it needs to support the
+I2C_M_RECV_LEN flag of an i2c_msg. This is a good testcase for it. The returned
+data consists of the length first, and then of an array of bytes from length-1
+to 0. Here is an example which emulates i2c_smbus_block_process_call() using
+i2ctransfer (you need i2c-tools v4.2 or later):
+
+# i2ctransfer -y 0 w3@0x30 0x03 0x01 0x10 r?
+0x10 0x0f 0x0e 0x0d 0x0c 0x0b 0x0a 0x09 0x08 0x07 0x06 0x05 0x04 0x03 0x02 0x01 0x00
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol.rst b/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4942c4cad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+==================
+The SMBus Protocol
+==================
+
+The following is a summary of the SMBus protocol. It applies to
+all revisions of the protocol (1.0, 1.1, and 2.0).
+Certain protocol features which are not supported by
+this package are briefly described at the end of this document.
+
+Some adapters understand only the SMBus (System Management Bus) protocol,
+which is a subset from the I2C protocol. Fortunately, many devices use
+only the same subset, which makes it possible to put them on an SMBus.
+
+If you write a driver for some I2C device, please try to use the SMBus
+commands if at all possible (if the device uses only that subset of the
+I2C protocol). This makes it possible to use the device driver on both
+SMBus adapters and I2C adapters (the SMBus command set is automatically
+translated to I2C on I2C adapters, but plain I2C commands can not be
+handled at all on most pure SMBus adapters).
+
+Below is a list of SMBus protocol operations, and the functions executing
+them. Note that the names used in the SMBus protocol specifications usually
+don't match these function names. For some of the operations which pass a
+single data byte, the functions using SMBus protocol operation names execute
+a different protocol operation entirely.
+
+Each transaction type corresponds to a functionality flag. Before calling a
+transaction function, a device driver should always check (just once) for
+the corresponding functionality flag to ensure that the underlying I2C
+adapter supports the transaction in question. See
+Documentation/i2c/functionality.rst for the details.
+
+
+Key to symbols
+==============
+
+=============== =============================================================
+S Start condition
+Sr Repeated start condition, used to switch from write to
+ read mode.
+P Stop condition
+Rd/Wr (1 bit) Read/Write bit. Rd equals 1, Wr equals 0.
+A, NA (1 bit) Acknowledge (ACK) and Not Acknowledge (NACK) bit
+Addr (7 bits) I2C 7 bit address. Note that this can be expanded to
+ get a 10 bit I2C address.
+Comm (8 bits) Command byte, a data byte which often selects a register on
+ the device.
+Data (8 bits) A plain data byte. DataLow and DataHigh represent the low and
+ high byte of a 16 bit word.
+Count (8 bits) A data byte containing the length of a block operation.
+
+[..] Data sent by I2C device, as opposed to data sent by the host
+ adapter.
+=============== =============================================================
+
+
+SMBus Quick Command
+===================
+
+This sends a single bit to the device, at the place of the Rd/Wr bit::
+
+ S Addr Rd/Wr [A] P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK
+
+
+SMBus Receive Byte
+==================
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_byte()
+
+This reads a single byte from a device, without specifying a device
+register. Some devices are so simple that this interface is enough; for
+others, it is a shorthand if you want to read the same register as in
+the previous SMBus command::
+
+ S Addr Rd [A] [Data] NA P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE
+
+
+SMBus Send Byte
+===============
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_byte()
+
+This operation is the reverse of Receive Byte: it sends a single byte
+to a device. See Receive Byte for more information.
+
+::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Data [A] P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE
+
+
+SMBus Read Byte
+===============
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_byte_data()
+
+This reads a single byte from a device, from a designated register.
+The register is specified through the Comm byte::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Sr Addr Rd [A] [Data] NA P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA
+
+
+SMBus Read Word
+===============
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_word_data()
+
+This operation is very like Read Byte; again, data is read from a
+device, from a designated register that is specified through the Comm
+byte. But this time, the data is a complete word (16 bits)::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Sr Addr Rd [A] [DataLow] A [DataHigh] NA P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA
+
+Note the convenience function i2c_smbus_read_word_swapped() is
+available for reads where the two data bytes are the other way
+around (not SMBus compliant, but very popular.)
+
+
+SMBus Write Byte
+================
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_byte_data()
+
+This writes a single byte to a device, to a designated register. The
+register is specified through the Comm byte. This is the opposite of
+the Read Byte operation.
+
+::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Data [A] P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA
+
+
+SMBus Write Word
+================
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_word_data()
+
+This is the opposite of the Read Word operation. 16 bits
+of data are written to a device, to the designated register that is
+specified through the Comm byte::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] DataLow [A] DataHigh [A] P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA
+
+Note the convenience function i2c_smbus_write_word_swapped() is
+available for writes where the two data bytes are the other way
+around (not SMBus compliant, but very popular.)
+
+
+SMBus Process Call
+==================
+
+This command selects a device register (through the Comm byte), sends
+16 bits of data to it, and reads 16 bits of data in return::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] DataLow [A] DataHigh [A]
+ Sr Addr Rd [A] [DataLow] A [DataHigh] NA P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PROC_CALL
+
+
+SMBus Block Read
+================
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_block_data()
+
+This command reads a block of up to 32 bytes from a device, from a
+designated register that is specified through the Comm byte. The amount
+of data is specified by the device in the Count byte.
+
+::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A]
+ Sr Addr Rd [A] [Count] A [Data] A [Data] A ... A [Data] NA P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BLOCK_DATA
+
+
+SMBus Block Write
+=================
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_block_data()
+
+The opposite of the Block Read command, this writes up to 32 bytes to
+a device, to a designated register that is specified through the
+Comm byte. The amount of data is specified in the Count byte.
+
+::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Count [A] Data [A] Data [A] ... [A] Data [A] P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA
+
+
+SMBus Block Write - Block Read Process Call
+===========================================
+
+SMBus Block Write - Block Read Process Call was introduced in
+Revision 2.0 of the specification.
+
+This command selects a device register (through the Comm byte), sends
+1 to 31 bytes of data to it, and reads 1 to 31 bytes of data in return::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Count [A] Data [A] ...
+ Sr Addr Rd [A] [Count] A [Data] ... A P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL
+
+
+SMBus Host Notify
+=================
+
+This command is sent from a SMBus device acting as a master to the
+SMBus host acting as a slave.
+It is the same form as Write Word, with the command code replaced by the
+alerting device's address.
+
+::
+
+ [S] [HostAddr] [Wr] A [DevAddr] A [DataLow] A [DataHigh] A [P]
+
+This is implemented in the following way in the Linux kernel:
+
+* I2C bus drivers which support SMBus Host Notify should report
+ I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_HOST_NOTIFY.
+* I2C bus drivers trigger SMBus Host Notify by a call to
+ i2c_handle_smbus_host_notify().
+* I2C drivers for devices which can trigger SMBus Host Notify will have
+ client->irq assigned to a Host Notify IRQ if noone else specified an other.
+
+There is currently no way to retrieve the data parameter from the client.
+
+
+Packet Error Checking (PEC)
+===========================
+
+Packet Error Checking was introduced in Revision 1.1 of the specification.
+
+PEC adds a CRC-8 error-checking byte to transfers using it, immediately
+before the terminating STOP.
+
+
+Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
+=================================
+
+The Address Resolution Protocol was introduced in Revision 2.0 of
+the specification. It is a higher-layer protocol which uses the
+messages above.
+
+ARP adds device enumeration and dynamic address assignment to
+the protocol. All ARP communications use slave address 0x61 and
+require PEC checksums.
+
+
+SMBus Alert
+===========
+
+SMBus Alert was introduced in Revision 1.0 of the specification.
+
+The SMBus alert protocol allows several SMBus slave devices to share a
+single interrupt pin on the SMBus master, while still allowing the master
+to know which slave triggered the interrupt.
+
+This is implemented the following way in the Linux kernel:
+
+* I2C bus drivers which support SMBus alert should call
+ i2c_new_smbus_alert_device() to install SMBus alert support.
+* I2C drivers for devices which can trigger SMBus alerts should implement
+ the optional alert() callback.
+
+
+I2C Block Transactions
+======================
+
+The following I2C block transactions are similar to the SMBus Block Read
+and Write operations, except these do not have a Count byte. They are
+supported by the SMBus layer and are described here for completeness, but
+they are *NOT* defined by the SMBus specification.
+
+I2C block transactions do not limit the number of bytes transferred
+but the SMBus layer places a limit of 32 bytes.
+
+
+I2C Block Read
+==============
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data()
+
+This command reads a block of bytes from a device, from a
+designated register that is specified through the Comm byte::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A]
+ Sr Addr Rd [A] [Data] A [Data] A ... A [Data] NA P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK
+
+
+I2C Block Write
+===============
+
+Implemented by i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data()
+
+The opposite of the Block Read command, this writes bytes to
+a device, to a designated register that is specified through the
+Comm byte. Note that command lengths of 0, 2, or more bytes are
+supported as they are indistinguishable from data.
+
+::
+
+ S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] Data [A] Data [A] ... [A] Data [A] P
+
+Functionality flag: I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/summary.rst b/Documentation/i2c/summary.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..786c618ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/summary.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+=============================
+Introduction to I2C and SMBus
+=============================
+
+I²C (pronounce: I squared C and written I2C in the kernel documentation) is
+a protocol developed by Philips. It is a slow two-wire protocol (variable
+speed, up to 400 kHz), with a high speed extension (3.4 MHz). It provides
+an inexpensive bus for connecting many types of devices with infrequent or
+low bandwidth communications needs. I2C is widely used with embedded
+systems. Some systems use variants that don't meet branding requirements,
+and so are not advertised as being I2C but come under different names,
+e.g. TWI (Two Wire Interface), IIC.
+
+The latest official I2C specification is the `"I2C-bus specification and user
+manual" (UM10204) <https://www.nxp.com/webapp/Download?colCode=UM10204>`_
+published by NXP Semiconductors. However, you need to log-in to the site to
+access the PDF. An older version of the specification (revision 6) is archived
+`here <https://web.archive.org/web/20210813122132/https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UM10204.pdf>`_.
+
+SMBus (System Management Bus) is based on the I2C protocol, and is mostly
+a subset of I2C protocols and signaling. Many I2C devices will work on an
+SMBus, but some SMBus protocols add semantics beyond what is required to
+achieve I2C branding. Modern PC mainboards rely on SMBus. The most common
+devices connected through SMBus are RAM modules configured using I2C EEPROMs,
+and hardware monitoring chips.
+
+Because the SMBus is mostly a subset of the generalized I2C bus, we can
+use its protocols on many I2C systems. However, there are systems that don't
+meet both SMBus and I2C electrical constraints; and others which can't
+implement all the common SMBus protocol semantics or messages.
+
+
+Terminology
+===========
+
+Using the terminology from the official documentation, the I2C bus connects
+one or more *master* chips and one or more *slave* chips.
+
+.. kernel-figure:: i2c_bus.svg
+ :alt: Simple I2C bus with one master and 3 slaves
+
+ Simple I2C bus
+
+A **master** chip is a node that starts communications with slaves. In the
+Linux kernel implementation it is called an **adapter** or bus. Adapter
+drivers are in the ``drivers/i2c/busses/`` subdirectory.
+
+An **algorithm** contains general code that can be used to implement a
+whole class of I2C adapters. Each specific adapter driver either depends on
+an algorithm driver in the ``drivers/i2c/algos/`` subdirectory, or includes
+its own implementation.
+
+A **slave** chip is a node that responds to communications when addressed
+by the master. In Linux it is called a **client**. Client drivers are kept
+in a directory specific to the feature they provide, for example
+``drivers/media/gpio/`` for GPIO expanders and ``drivers/media/i2c/`` for
+video-related chips.
+
+For the example configuration in figure, you will need a driver for your
+I2C adapter, and drivers for your I2C devices (usually one driver for each
+device).
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses.rst b/Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c765aff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+=====================
+I2C Ten-bit Addresses
+=====================
+
+The I2C protocol knows about two kinds of device addresses: normal 7 bit
+addresses, and an extended set of 10 bit addresses. The sets of addresses
+do not intersect: the 7 bit address 0x10 is not the same as the 10 bit
+address 0x10 (though a single device could respond to both of them).
+To avoid ambiguity, the user sees 10 bit addresses mapped to a different
+address space, namely 0xa000-0xa3ff. The leading 0xa (= 10) represents the
+10 bit mode. This is used for creating device names in sysfs. It is also
+needed when instantiating 10 bit devices via the new_device file in sysfs.
+
+I2C messages to and from 10-bit address devices have a different format.
+See the I2C specification for the details.
+
+The current 10 bit address support is minimal. It should work, however
+you can expect some problems along the way:
+
+* Not all bus drivers support 10-bit addresses. Some don't because the
+ hardware doesn't support them (SMBus doesn't require 10-bit address
+ support for example), some don't because nobody bothered adding the
+ code (or it's there but not working properly.) Software implementation
+ (i2c-algo-bit) is known to work.
+* Some optional features do not support 10-bit addresses. This is the
+ case of automatic detection and instantiation of devices by their,
+ drivers, for example.
+* Many user-space packages (for example i2c-tools) lack support for
+ 10-bit addresses.
+
+Note that 10-bit address devices are still pretty rare, so the limitations
+listed above could stay for a long time, maybe even forever if nobody
+needs them to be fixed.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients.rst b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7d3ae745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+===============================
+Implementing I2C device drivers
+===============================
+
+This is a small guide for those who want to write kernel drivers for I2C
+or SMBus devices, using Linux as the protocol host/master (not slave).
+
+To set up a driver, you need to do several things. Some are optional, and
+some things can be done slightly or completely different. Use this as a
+guide, not as a rule book!
+
+
+General remarks
+===============
+
+Try to keep the kernel namespace as clean as possible. The best way to
+do this is to use a unique prefix for all global symbols. This is
+especially important for exported symbols, but it is a good idea to do
+it for non-exported symbols too. We will use the prefix ``foo_`` in this
+tutorial.
+
+
+The driver structure
+====================
+
+Usually, you will implement a single driver structure, and instantiate
+all clients from it. Remember, a driver structure contains general access
+routines, and should be zero-initialized except for fields with data you
+provide. A client structure holds device-specific information like the
+driver model device node, and its I2C address.
+
+::
+
+ static struct i2c_device_id foo_idtable[] = {
+ { "foo", my_id_for_foo },
+ { "bar", my_id_for_bar },
+ { }
+ };
+
+ MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, foo_idtable);
+
+ static struct i2c_driver foo_driver = {
+ .driver = {
+ .name = "foo",
+ .pm = &foo_pm_ops, /* optional */
+ },
+
+ .id_table = foo_idtable,
+ .probe_new = foo_probe,
+ .remove = foo_remove,
+ /* if device autodetection is needed: */
+ .class = I2C_CLASS_SOMETHING,
+ .detect = foo_detect,
+ .address_list = normal_i2c,
+
+ .shutdown = foo_shutdown, /* optional */
+ .command = foo_command, /* optional, deprecated */
+ }
+
+The name field is the driver name, and must not contain spaces. It
+should match the module name (if the driver can be compiled as a module),
+although you can use MODULE_ALIAS (passing "foo" in this example) to add
+another name for the module. If the driver name doesn't match the module
+name, the module won't be automatically loaded (hotplug/coldplug).
+
+All other fields are for call-back functions which will be explained
+below.
+
+
+Extra client data
+=================
+
+Each client structure has a special ``data`` field that can point to any
+structure at all. You should use this to keep device-specific data.
+
+::
+
+ /* store the value */
+ void i2c_set_clientdata(struct i2c_client *client, void *data);
+
+ /* retrieve the value */
+ void *i2c_get_clientdata(const struct i2c_client *client);
+
+Note that starting with kernel 2.6.34, you don't have to set the ``data`` field
+to NULL in remove() or if probe() failed anymore. The i2c-core does this
+automatically on these occasions. Those are also the only times the core will
+touch this field.
+
+
+Accessing the client
+====================
+
+Let's say we have a valid client structure. At some time, we will need
+to gather information from the client, or write new information to the
+client.
+
+I have found it useful to define foo_read and foo_write functions for this.
+For some cases, it will be easier to call the I2C functions directly,
+but many chips have some kind of register-value idea that can easily
+be encapsulated.
+
+The below functions are simple examples, and should not be copied
+literally::
+
+ int foo_read_value(struct i2c_client *client, u8 reg)
+ {
+ if (reg < 0x10) /* byte-sized register */
+ return i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, reg);
+ else /* word-sized register */
+ return i2c_smbus_read_word_data(client, reg);
+ }
+
+ int foo_write_value(struct i2c_client *client, u8 reg, u16 value)
+ {
+ if (reg == 0x10) /* Impossible to write - driver error! */
+ return -EINVAL;
+ else if (reg < 0x10) /* byte-sized register */
+ return i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client, reg, value);
+ else /* word-sized register */
+ return i2c_smbus_write_word_data(client, reg, value);
+ }
+
+
+Probing and attaching
+=====================
+
+The Linux I2C stack was originally written to support access to hardware
+monitoring chips on PC motherboards, and thus used to embed some assumptions
+that were more appropriate to SMBus (and PCs) than to I2C. One of these
+assumptions was that most adapters and devices drivers support the SMBUS_QUICK
+protocol to probe device presence. Another was that devices and their drivers
+can be sufficiently configured using only such probe primitives.
+
+As Linux and its I2C stack became more widely used in embedded systems
+and complex components such as DVB adapters, those assumptions became more
+problematic. Drivers for I2C devices that issue interrupts need more (and
+different) configuration information, as do drivers handling chip variants
+that can't be distinguished by protocol probing, or which need some board
+specific information to operate correctly.
+
+
+Device/Driver Binding
+---------------------
+
+System infrastructure, typically board-specific initialization code or
+boot firmware, reports what I2C devices exist. For example, there may be
+a table, in the kernel or from the boot loader, identifying I2C devices
+and linking them to board-specific configuration information about IRQs
+and other wiring artifacts, chip type, and so on. That could be used to
+create i2c_client objects for each I2C device.
+
+I2C device drivers using this binding model work just like any other
+kind of driver in Linux: they provide a probe() method to bind to
+those devices, and a remove() method to unbind.
+
+::
+
+ static int foo_probe(struct i2c_client *client);
+ static void foo_remove(struct i2c_client *client);
+
+Remember that the i2c_driver does not create those client handles. The
+handle may be used during foo_probe(). If foo_probe() reports success
+(zero not a negative status code) it may save the handle and use it until
+foo_remove() returns. That binding model is used by most Linux drivers.
+
+The probe function is called when an entry in the id_table name field
+matches the device's name. If the probe function needs that entry, it
+can retrieve it using
+
+::
+
+ const struct i2c_device_id *id = i2c_match_id(foo_idtable, client);
+
+
+Device Creation
+---------------
+
+If you know for a fact that an I2C device is connected to a given I2C bus,
+you can instantiate that device by simply filling an i2c_board_info
+structure with the device address and driver name, and calling
+i2c_new_client_device(). This will create the device, then the driver core
+will take care of finding the right driver and will call its probe() method.
+If a driver supports different device types, you can specify the type you
+want using the type field. You can also specify an IRQ and platform data
+if needed.
+
+Sometimes you know that a device is connected to a given I2C bus, but you
+don't know the exact address it uses. This happens on TV adapters for
+example, where the same driver supports dozens of slightly different
+models, and I2C device addresses change from one model to the next. In
+that case, you can use the i2c_new_scanned_device() variant, which is
+similar to i2c_new_client_device(), except that it takes an additional list
+of possible I2C addresses to probe. A device is created for the first
+responsive address in the list. If you expect more than one device to be
+present in the address range, simply call i2c_new_scanned_device() that
+many times.
+
+The call to i2c_new_client_device() or i2c_new_scanned_device() typically
+happens in the I2C bus driver. You may want to save the returned i2c_client
+reference for later use.
+
+
+Device Detection
+----------------
+
+Sometimes you do not know in advance which I2C devices are connected to
+a given I2C bus. This is for example the case of hardware monitoring
+devices on a PC's SMBus. In that case, you may want to let your driver
+detect supported devices automatically. This is how the legacy model
+was working, and is now available as an extension to the standard
+driver model.
+
+You simply have to define a detect callback which will attempt to
+identify supported devices (returning 0 for supported ones and -ENODEV
+for unsupported ones), a list of addresses to probe, and a device type
+(or class) so that only I2C buses which may have that type of device
+connected (and not otherwise enumerated) will be probed. For example,
+a driver for a hardware monitoring chip for which auto-detection is
+needed would set its class to I2C_CLASS_HWMON, and only I2C adapters
+with a class including I2C_CLASS_HWMON would be probed by this driver.
+Note that the absence of matching classes does not prevent the use of
+a device of that type on the given I2C adapter. All it prevents is
+auto-detection; explicit instantiation of devices is still possible.
+
+Note that this mechanism is purely optional and not suitable for all
+devices. You need some reliable way to identify the supported devices
+(typically using device-specific, dedicated identification registers),
+otherwise misdetections are likely to occur and things can get wrong
+quickly. Keep in mind that the I2C protocol doesn't include any
+standard way to detect the presence of a chip at a given address, let
+alone a standard way to identify devices. Even worse is the lack of
+semantics associated to bus transfers, which means that the same
+transfer can be seen as a read operation by a chip and as a write
+operation by another chip. For these reasons, explicit device
+instantiation should always be preferred to auto-detection where
+possible.
+
+
+Device Deletion
+---------------
+
+Each I2C device which has been created using i2c_new_client_device()
+or i2c_new_scanned_device() can be unregistered by calling
+i2c_unregister_device(). If you don't call it explicitly, it will be
+called automatically before the underlying I2C bus itself is removed,
+as a device can't survive its parent in the device driver model.
+
+
+Initializing the driver
+=======================
+
+When the kernel is booted, or when your foo driver module is inserted,
+you have to do some initializing. Fortunately, just registering the
+driver module is usually enough.
+
+::
+
+ static int __init foo_init(void)
+ {
+ return i2c_add_driver(&foo_driver);
+ }
+ module_init(foo_init);
+
+ static void __exit foo_cleanup(void)
+ {
+ i2c_del_driver(&foo_driver);
+ }
+ module_exit(foo_cleanup);
+
+ The module_i2c_driver() macro can be used to reduce above code.
+
+ module_i2c_driver(foo_driver);
+
+Note that some functions are marked by ``__init``. These functions can
+be removed after kernel booting (or module loading) is completed.
+Likewise, functions marked by ``__exit`` are dropped by the compiler when
+the code is built into the kernel, as they would never be called.
+
+
+Driver Information
+==================
+
+::
+
+ /* Substitute your own name and email address */
+ MODULE_AUTHOR("Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>"
+ MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Driver for Barf Inc. Foo I2C devices");
+
+ /* a few non-GPL license types are also allowed */
+ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+
+Power Management
+================
+
+If your I2C device needs special handling when entering a system low
+power state -- like putting a transceiver into a low power mode, or
+activating a system wakeup mechanism -- do that by implementing the
+appropriate callbacks for the dev_pm_ops of the driver (like suspend
+and resume).
+
+These are standard driver model calls, and they work just like they
+would for any other driver stack. The calls can sleep, and can use
+I2C messaging to the device being suspended or resumed (since their
+parent I2C adapter is active when these calls are issued, and IRQs
+are still enabled).
+
+
+System Shutdown
+===============
+
+If your I2C device needs special handling when the system shuts down
+or reboots (including kexec) -- like turning something off -- use a
+shutdown() method.
+
+Again, this is a standard driver model call, working just like it
+would for any other driver stack: the calls can sleep, and can use
+I2C messaging.
+
+
+Command function
+================
+
+A generic ioctl-like function call back is supported. You will seldom
+need this, and its use is deprecated anyway, so newer design should not
+use it.
+
+
+Sending and receiving
+=====================
+
+If you want to communicate with your device, there are several functions
+to do this. You can find all of them in <linux/i2c.h>.
+
+If you can choose between plain I2C communication and SMBus level
+communication, please use the latter. All adapters understand SMBus level
+commands, but only some of them understand plain I2C!
+
+
+Plain I2C communication
+-----------------------
+
+::
+
+ int i2c_master_send(struct i2c_client *client, const char *buf,
+ int count);
+ int i2c_master_recv(struct i2c_client *client, char *buf, int count);
+
+These routines read and write some bytes from/to a client. The client
+contains the I2C address, so you do not have to include it. The second
+parameter contains the bytes to read/write, the third the number of bytes
+to read/write (must be less than the length of the buffer, also should be
+less than 64k since msg.len is u16.) Returned is the actual number of bytes
+read/written.
+
+::
+
+ int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msg,
+ int num);
+
+This sends a series of messages. Each message can be a read or write,
+and they can be mixed in any way. The transactions are combined: no
+stop condition is issued between transaction. The i2c_msg structure
+contains for each message the client address, the number of bytes of the
+message and the message data itself.
+
+You can read the file i2c-protocol.rst for more information about the
+actual I2C protocol.
+
+
+SMBus communication
+-------------------
+
+::
+
+ s32 i2c_smbus_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, u16 addr,
+ unsigned short flags, char read_write, u8 command,
+ int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data);
+
+This is the generic SMBus function. All functions below are implemented
+in terms of it. Never use this function directly!
+
+::
+
+ s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(struct i2c_client *client);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(struct i2c_client *client, u8 value);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(struct i2c_client *client, u8 command);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u8 value);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(struct i2c_client *client, u8 command);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u16 value);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u8 *values);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u8 length, const u8 *values);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u8 length, u8 *values);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u8 length,
+ const u8 *values);
+
+These ones were removed from i2c-core because they had no users, but could
+be added back later if needed::
+
+ s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(struct i2c_client *client, u8 value);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u16 value);
+ s32 i2c_smbus_block_process_call(struct i2c_client *client,
+ u8 command, u8 length, u8 *values);
+
+All these transactions return a negative errno value on failure. The 'write'
+transactions return 0 on success; the 'read' transactions return the read
+value, except for block transactions, which return the number of values
+read. The block buffers need not be longer than 32 bytes.
+
+You can read the file smbus-protocol.rst for more information about the
+actual SMBus protocol.
+
+
+General purpose routines
+========================
+
+Below all general purpose routines are listed, that were not mentioned
+before::
+
+ /* Return the adapter number for a specific adapter */
+ int i2c_adapter_id(struct i2c_adapter *adap);