Adding upstream version 3.7.10.upstream/3.7.10upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+PPoossttffiixx SSmmaallll//HHoommee OOffffiiccee HHiinnttss aanndd TTiippss
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OOvveerrvviieeww
+
+This document combines hints and tips for "small office/home office"
+applications into one document so that they are easier to find. The text
+describes the mail sending side only. If your machine does not receive mail
+directly (i.e. it does not have its own Internet domain name and its own fixed
+IP address), then you will need a solution such as "fetchmail", which is
+outside the scope of the Postfix documentation.
+
+  * Selected topics from the STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README document:
+
+      o Postfix on a stand-alone Internet host
+      o Postfix on hosts without a real Internet hostname
+
+    Selected topics from the SASL_README document:
+
+      o Enabling SASL authentication in the Postfix SMTP client
+      o Configuring Sender-Dependent SASL authentication
+
+See the SASL_README and STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README documents for further
+information on these topics.
+
+PPoossttffiixx oonn aa ssttaanndd--aalloonnee IInntteerrnneett hhoosstt
+
+Postfix should work out of the box without change on a stand-alone machine that
+has direct Internet access. At least, that is how Postfix installs when you
+download the Postfix source code via http://www.postfix.org/.
+
+You can use the command "ppoossttccoonnff --nn" to find out what settings are overruled
+by your main.cf. Besides a few pathname settings, few parameters should be set
+on a stand-alone box, beyond what is covered in the BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README
+document:
+
+    /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+        # Optional: send mail as user@domainname instead of user@hostname.
+        #myorigin = $mydomain
+
+        # Optional: specify NAT/proxy external address.
+        #proxy_interfaces = 1.2.3.4
+
+        # Alternative 1: don't relay mail from other hosts.
+        mynetworks_style = host
+        relay_domains =
+
+        # Alternative 2: relay mail from local clients only.
+        # mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/28
+        # relay_domains =
+
+See also the section "Postfix on hosts without a real Internet hostname" if
+this is applicable to your configuration.
+
+PPoossttffiixx oonn hhoossttss wwiitthhoouutt aa rreeaall IInntteerrnneett hhoossttnnaammee
+
+This section is for hosts that don't have their own Internet hostname.
+Typically these are systems that get a dynamic IP address via DHCP or via
+dialup. Postfix will let you send and receive mail just fine between accounts
+on a machine with a fantasy name. However, you cannot use a fantasy hostname in
+your email address when sending mail into the Internet, because no-one would be
+able to reply to your mail. In fact, more and more sites refuse mail addresses
+with non-existent domain names.
+
+Note: the following information is Postfix version dependent. To find out what
+Postfix version you have, execute the command "ppoossttccoonnff mmaaiill__vveerrssiioonn".
+
+SSoolluuttiioonn 11:: PPoossttffiixx vveerrssiioonn 22..22 aanndd llaatteerr
+
+Postfix 2.2 uses the generic(5) address mapping to replace local fantasy email
+addresses by valid Internet addresses. This mapping happens ONLY when mail
+leaves the machine; not when you send mail between users on the same machine.
+
+The following example presents additional configuration. You need to combine
+this with basic configuration information as discussed in the first half of
+this document.
+
+    1 /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+    2     smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic
+    3
+    4 /etc/postfix/generic:
+    5     his@localdomain.local             hisaccount@hisisp.example
+    6     her@localdomain.local             heraccount@herisp.example
+    7     @localdomain.local                hisaccount+local@hisisp.example
+
+When mail is sent to a remote host via SMTP:
+
+  * Line 5 replaces his@localdomain.local by his ISP mail address,
+
+  * Line 6 replaces her@localdomain.local by her ISP mail address, and
+
+  * Line 7 replaces other local addresses by his ISP account, with an address
+    extension of +local (this example assumes that the ISP supports "+" style
+    address extensions).
+
+Specify ddbbmm instead of hhaasshh if your system uses ddbbmm files instead of ddbb files.
+To find out what lookup tables Postfix supports, use the command "ppoossttccoonnff --mm".
+
+Execute the command "ppoossttmmaapp //eettcc//ppoossttffiixx//ggeenneerriicc" whenever you change the
+generic table.
+
+SSoolluuttiioonn 22:: PPoossttffiixx vveerrssiioonn 22..11 aanndd eeaarrlliieerr
+
+The solution with older Postfix systems is to use valid Internet addresses
+where possible, and to let Postfix map valid Internet addresses to local
+fantasy addresses. With this, you can send mail to the Internet and to local
+fantasy addresses, including mail to local fantasy addresses that don't have a
+valid Internet address of their own.
+
+The following example presents additional configuration. You need to combine
+this with basic configuration information as discussed in the first half of
+this document.
+
+     1 /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+     2     myhostname = hostname.localdomain
+     3     mydomain = localdomain
+     4
+     5     canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/canonical
+     6
+     7     virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
+     8
+     9 /etc/postfix/canonical:
+    10     your-login-name    your-account@your-isp.com
+    11
+    12 /etc/postfix/virtual:
+    13     your-account@your-isp.com       your-login-name
+
+Translation:
+
+  * Lines 2-3: Substitute your fantasy hostname here. Do not use a domain name
+    that is already in use by real organizations on the Internet. See RFC 2606
+    for examples of domain names that are guaranteed not to be owned by anyone.
+
+  * Lines 5, 9, 10: This provides the mapping from "your-login-
+    name@hostname.localdomain" to "your-account@your-isp.com". This part is
+    required.
+
+  * Lines 7, 12, 13: Deliver mail for "your-account@your-isp.com" locally,
+    instead of sending it to the ISP. This part is not required but is
+    convenient.
+
+Specify ddbbmm instead of hhaasshh if your system uses ddbbmm files instead of ddbb files.
+To find out what lookup tables Postfix supports, use the command "ppoossttccoonnff --mm".
+
+Execute the command "ppoossttmmaapp //eettcc//ppoossttffiixx//ccaannoonniiccaall" whenever you change the
+canonical table.
+
+Execute the command "ppoossttmmaapp //eettcc//ppoossttffiixx//vviirrttuuaall" whenever you change the
+virtual table.
+
+EEnnaabblliinngg SSAASSLL aauutthheennttiiccaattiioonn iinn tthhee PPoossttffiixx SSMMTTPP//LLMMTTPP cclliieenntt
+
+This section shows a typical scenario where the Postfix SMTP client sends all
+messages via a mail gateway server that requires SASL authentication.
+
+    TTrroouubbllee ssoollvviinngg ttiippss::
+
+      * If your SASL logins fail with "SASL authentication failure: No worthy
+        mechs found" in the mail logfile, then see the section "Postfix SMTP/
+        LMTP client policy - SASL mechanism pprrooppeerrttiieess".
+
+      * For a solution to a more obscure class of SASL authentication failures,
+        see "Postfix SMTP/LMTP client policy - SASL mechanism nnaammeess".
+
+To make the example more readable we introduce it in two parts. The first part
+takes care of the basic configuration, while the second part sets up the
+username/password information.
+
+    /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+        smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
+        smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
+        smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous
+        relayhost = [mail.isp.example]
+        # Alternative form:
+        # relayhost = [mail.isp.example]:submission
+        smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
+
+  * The smtp_sasl_auth_enable setting enables client-side authentication. We
+    will configure the client's username and password information in the second
+    part of the example.
+
+  * The smtp_tls_security_level setting ensures that the connection to the
+    remote smtp server will be encrypted, and smtp_sasl_tls_security_options
+    removes the prohibition on plaintext passwords.
+
+  * The relayhost setting forces the Postfix SMTP to send all remote messages
+    to the specified mail server instead of trying to deliver them directly to
+    their destination.
+
+  * In the relayhost setting, the "[" and "]" prevent the Postfix SMTP client
+    from looking up MX (mail exchanger) records for the enclosed name.
+
+  * The relayhost destination may also specify a non-default TCP port. For
+    example, the alternative form [mail.isp.example]:submission tells Postfix
+    to connect to TCP network port 587, which is reserved for email client
+    applications.
+
+  * The Postfix SMTP client is compatible with SMTP servers that use the non-
+    standard "AUTH=mmeetthhoodd....." syntax in response to the EHLO command; this
+    requires no additional Postfix client configuration.
+
+  * With the setting "smtp_tls_wrappermode = yes", the Postfix SMTP client
+    supports the "wrappermode" protocol, which uses TCP port 465 on the SMTP
+    server (Postfix 3.0 and later).
+
+  * With the smtp_sasl_password_maps parameter, we configure the Postfix SMTP
+    client to send username and password information to the mail gateway
+    server. As discussed in the next section, the Postfix SMTP client supports
+    multiple ISP accounts. For this reason the username and password are stored
+    in a table that contains one username/password combination for each mail
+    gateway server.
+
+    /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd:
+        # destination                   credentials
+        [mail.isp.example]              username:password
+        # Alternative form:
+        # [mail.isp.example]:submission username:password
+
+    IImmppoorrttaanntt
+
+    Keep the SASL client password file in /etc/postfix, and make the file
+    read+write only for root to protect the username/password combinations
+    against other users. The Postfix SMTP client will still be able to read the
+    SASL client passwords. It opens the file as user root before it drops
+    privileges, and before entering an optional chroot jail.
+
+  * Use the postmap command whenever you change the /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
+    file.
+
+  * If you specify the "[" and "]" in the relayhost destination, then you must
+    use the same form in the smtp_sasl_password_maps file.
+
+  * If you specify a non-default TCP Port (such as ":submission" or ":587") in
+    the relayhost destination, then you must use the same form in the
+    smtp_sasl_password_maps file.
+
+CCoonnffiigguurriinngg SSeennddeerr--DDeeppeennddeenntt SSAASSLL aauutthheennttiiccaattiioonn
+
+Postfix supports different ISP accounts for different sender addresses (version
+2.3 and later). This can be useful when one person uses the same machine for
+work and for personal use, or when people with different ISP accounts share the
+same Postfix server.
+
+To make this possible, Postfix supports per-sender SASL passwords and per-
+sender relay hosts. In the example below, the Postfix SMTP client will search
+the SASL password file by sender address before it searches that same file by
+destination. Likewise, the Postfix trivial-rewrite(8) daemon will search the
+per-sender relayhost file, and use the default relayhost setting only as a
+final resort.
+
+    /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+        smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes
+        sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_relay
+        smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
+        smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
+        relayhost = [mail.isp.example]
+        # Alternative form:
+        # relayhost = [mail.isp.example]:submission
+
+    /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd:
+        # Per-sender authentication; see also /etc/postfix/sender_relay.
+        user1@example.com               username1:password1
+        user2@example.net               username2:password2
+        # Login information for the default relayhost.
+        [mail.isp.example]              username:password
+        # Alternative form:
+        # [mail.isp.example]:submission username:password
+
+    /etc/postfix/sender_relay:
+        # Per-sender provider; see also /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.
+        user1@example.com               [mail.example.com]:submission
+        user2@example.net               [mail.example.net]
+
+  * If you are creative, then you can try to combine the two tables into one
+    single MySQL database, and configure different Postfix queries to extract
+    the appropriate information.
+
+  * Specify ddbbmm instead of hhaasshh if your system uses ddbbmm files instead of ddbb
+    files. To find out what lookup tables Postfix supports, use the command
+    "ppoossttccoonnff --mm".
+
+  * Execute the command "ppoossttmmaapp //eettcc//ppoossttffiixx//ssaassll__ppaasssswwdd" whenever you change
+    the sasl_passwd table.
+
+  * Execute the command "ppoossttmmaapp //eettcc//ppoossttffiixx//sseennddeerr__rreellaayy" whenever you change
+    the sender_relay table.
+